高三英语一轮复习语法专题--名词精选专练2
1.The application of VR in classroom teaching received a mixed ____among students.
A. explanation
B. motivation
C. reception
D. adaptation
2.The new discovery of oil is of great ______ to this area's economy.
A. performance
B. significance
C. satisfaction
D. assumption
3.In the past, science class started from grade three. But the new curriculum allows junior students ______to natural sciences earlier.
A. priority
B. privilege
C. adaptation
D. access
4.Tony gave Claire a new and changed the makeup she wore.
A. housewife
B. haircut
C. handle
D. helmet
5.Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are open to visitors free. However, free ______ might lead to some social problems as well.
A. accommodation
B. attraction
C. admission
D. adjustment
6.Unlike most of the students, Susan divided her apple into ______.
A. halves
B. halfs
C. half
D. a half
7.After the usual greetings and some ______ about the weather, the men got down to their own business.
A. statements
B. declarations
C. expressions
D. remarks
8.We can't make ______ of what the teacher is saying.
A. sense
B. a sense
C. senses
D. tense
9.If people keep polluting the ocean, no creature there will survive _____.
A. at all cost
B. for a long while
C. in the long run
D. by no means
10.He turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror with a serious, studied ______ that soon changed into a smile.
A. impression
B. expression
C. conclusion
D. information
11.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation
B. occupation
C. equipment
D. furniture
12. attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accidents.
A. Drivers not paying; invitation
B. Drivers' not paying; invitation
C. Drivers not paying; cause
D. Drivers' not paying; cause
13.（2015.福建）The failure was a big
_____ to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow
B. issue
C. excuse
D. factor
14.Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this______ out of the long-existing discrimination.
A. concept
B. responsibility
C. identity
D. personality
15.Playing online games too much will do ________ to your health.
A. good
B. harm
C. wrong
D. honor
16.（2015·湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion
B. talent
C. identity
D. treasure
17.—Everybody knows smoking is harmful to health，but still so many people smoke.
—Exactly！So our country is planning to start a________against smoking.
A. war
B. campaign
C. motion
D. struggle
18.A ______ means a way of working out a problem or dealing with a difficult situation.
A. project
B. suggestion
C. method
19.—What if the rainstorm continues?
—Come on guys! We have to meet the ________ whatever the weather.
A. standard
B. demand
C. deadline
D. satisfaction
20.Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didn't have_______ to immediate rescue.
A. access
B. approach
C. admission
D. attention
21.My teacher often says that success in making money is not always a good ______ of success in life.
A. belief
B. element
C. criterion
D. instance
22.They were lost at sea at the ___________ of wind and weather.
A. mess
B. mercy
C. moment
D. mixture
23.The employer will bear 80% medical ______ for the employee during the employment period.
A. discount
B. fare
C. fee
D. fine
24.Judging from her _________, I guess she must come from the West of America.
A. voice
B. sound
C. noise
D. accent
25.Some experts fear that too-early ________ to computers will have harmful consequences for children's development.
A. exposure
B. extension
C. exhibition
D. expansion
26.If you want to see a doctor, you fix a date with him ahead of time. That is common ________ in the USA.
A. view
B. exercise
C. practice
D. reality
27.It took the ambulance about ten minutes to get to the __________ of the accident and the injured were sent to the hospital very quickly.
A. scene
B. scenery
C. picture
D. view
28.The of an area of land is a line in people's imagination that separates it from other areas.
A. boundary
B. hurdle
C. ceiling
D. neighborhood
29.We observe the tradition of having a big family dinner with a／an ____________ of delicious food on Spring Festival's Eve.
A. boom
B. division
C. reputation
D. abundance
30.In spite of the advanced medical technology, many Americans have no ________ to the good health care for poverty.
A. access
B. entrance
C. introduction
D. devotion
31.Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belong.
A. perspective
B. priority
C. participation
D. privilege
32.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ____.
A. energy
B. source
C. power
D. material
33.（2016?江苏）— Can you tell us your _______ for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe
B. record
C. range
D. receipt
34.A severe typhoon struck this area, making the train services in suspension(暂停), which are now back to ___.
A. usual
B. normal
C. common
D. regular
35.For years，scientists have been worried about the________of air pollution on the earth's natural conditions.
A. effect
B. result
C. account
D. cause
36.Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.
A. preference
B. interest
C. habit
D. feature
37.（2014·天津）Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source
B. sense
C. result
D. root
38.To _______the circumstances, Oliver runs away to London, where he _______under the control of a man called Fagin.
A. escape; goes
B. flee; falls
C. avoid; drops
D. prevent; turns
39.She dressed down to visit her poor relatives, ________ offend them by a show of her wealth.
A. in order that he
B. so that she won't
C. so as not to
D. intending to
40.（2015·江苏）Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments
B. adjustments
C. comments
D. achievements
41.She enjoyed the excitement of her work. Money was not her only _____________.
A. breakthrough
B. performance
C. career
D. motivation
42.—The stadium is ______ the one in our city.
—Yes, it's said that it will be ______ stadium.
A. as four times big as; the second China's largest
B. four times the size of; China's second largest
C. four times as big as; the China's second largest
D. as big as four times; China's the second largest
43.Girls are encouraged to develop an independent to learning.
A. mean
B. way
C. method
D. approach
44.Judging by her ________, Jane must be a southerner.
A. pronunciation
B. accent
C. voice
D. sound
45.Remember that ______ is better than cure, so brush your teeth at least twice a day and visit your dentist for regular check-ups.
A. priority
B. privilege
C. principle
D. prevention
46.As these beautiful places attract lost of tourists, their protection comes under ________.
A. threat
B. control
C. repair
D. construction
47.This doesn't mean Guillermo gave up his hard-working personality or his drive to be successful.
A. desire
B. ability
C. need
D. quality
48.The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they _______his bags, but found nothing.
A. looked up
B. turned in
C. searched for
D. went through
49.The child is crying. Please do something to make him_____.
A. stop to cry
B. stop crying
C. to stop crying
50.—Do you know the guy over there?
—He's a ________ in our company, treating his members kindly.
A. cold fish
B. rotten apple
C. sly fox
D. top banana
答案解析部分
1.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：学生们对虚拟现实技术在课堂教学中的应用有褒贬不一的接受。A. explanation“解释”；B. motivation“动机”；C. reception“接受”；D. adaptation“适应”。根据句意，故选C。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分explanation；motivation；reception和adaptation的含义。
2.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】A. performance表演；B. significance重要性；C. satisfaction满意；D. assumption设想。句意：石油的新发现对这个地区的经济有着重大意义。结合句意可知选B。
【点评】考查名词的用法。
3.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：在过去，科学课从三年级开始。但是新课程使中学生更早接近自然科学。A. priority 优先权；B. privilege特权；C. adaptation适应；D. access使用；存取；接近。access to意为“接近；有权使用；通向…的入口”，D项符合语境。故答案为D。
【点评】解答本题的关键是掌握短语...access to..的含义和整句的句意。
4.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A. housewife 家庭妇女；B. haircut发型，理发；C. handle把手；D. helmet头盔。句意：托尼给克莱尔换了个发型，并改变了她的化妆风格。根据句意可知选B。
5.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】考查名词。A. accommodation住处，适应；B. attraction 引人注意的东西，有趣的东西；C. admission承认，准许进入；D. adjustment调解，调整。句意：如今，越来越多的博物馆免费向参观者开放。然而，免费入场也可能导致一些社会问题。故选C。
6.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】考查half的用法。句意：不像多数学生，Susan把她的苹果分成两半。half的复数形式是halves，故选A。
【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步掌握half的含义及用法。
7.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：平常的问候和一些关于天气的评论(remarks)之后，这些人开始了各忙各的事。statement“声明，陈述”；declaration“宣言，宣布”；expression“表情，表达”；remark“话语，评论”。根据语境可知，选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析。区分statement；declaration；expression和remark的含义。
8.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：对老师说的我们没弄懂。make sense of sth.“理解，弄懂”，根据句意选A.
【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步掌握sense的含义、用法以及构成的相关短语。
9.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：如果人们一直污染海洋的话，从长远来看，没有生物能够幸存。A. at all cost“不惜以任何代价”；B. for a long while“很长时间”；C. in the long run“从长远来看”；D. by no means“决不”。根据句意可知，海洋污染对生物的影响，故选C。
【点评】考查介词词短语，区分 at all cost； for a long while； in the long run和 by no means的含义。10.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从一边转向另一边，看着镜子里的自己从严肃学究的表情瞬间变成了笑脸。A.impression 印象；B. expression表情，表达；C. conclusion总结；D. information信息；根据句意，故选B项。
11.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。句意：在地震之后，当地政府做的第一件事就是给无家可归的家庭提供食宿。A食宿；B职业；C设备；D家具。根据空后homeless判断，选A。
【点评】考查基础知识的运用。对于此类题目，首先要对句意充分理解和基本语法点地掌握。区别每个名词的具体含义，找出与题干要求相符的选项。
12.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。此处是动名词的否定形式作主语，且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式，所以第一个空应填Drivers' not paying；第二个空，an invitation to“------的一个邀请”，结合句意此空填invitation。故答案选B。
【点评】考查动名词和名词的辨析。
13.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析A. blow打击；B. issue问题；C. excuse借口；D. Factor要素，该句意思为这个失败对他来说是个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情，故选A。
【点评】名词也是高考英语复习的重点。对名词的考点无处不在，尤其是在阅读写作的过程中，考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的，要加强词汇、短语的记忆，要避免单纯地死记硬背，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆。
14.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析 A. concept概念；B.responsibility责任；C. identity 身份；D. personality 个性。句意：男护士很难雇佣到因为很多男士在长期的歧视中拒绝这种身份，故选C项。
15.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：玩太多的网络游戏对你的身体有害。A. good“好处”；B. harm“伤害，坏处”；C. wrong“错误”；D. honor“荣耀”。do harm to固定短语“对...有害”，故选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析，以及固定短语do harm to。
16.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B
项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”；故选C项
【点评】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name （给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。17.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】war战争；campaign运动；motion运动，提议；struggle斗争。显然只有B项符合答语的句意，即“的确”！所以我们国家正在计划开展一项戒烟运动。故选B。
18.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：方法是指解决问题或处理困难的方法。A：project“项目，工程”；B：suggestion“建议”；C：method“方法”，故选C。
【点评】考查名词，区分project；suggestion和method的含义。
19.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：——如果暴雨继续，怎么办？——来吧，伙计们！不管天气如何，我们都必须如期完成。A. standard“标准”；B. demand“要求”；C. deadline “最后期限”；D. satisfaction“满意”。根据whatever the weather“不管天气如何”可知，meet the deadline“赶上最后期限，按期完成”符合语境。故选C。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分standard；demand；deadline和satisfaction的含义。
20.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：海地的人死于地震因为没有得到及时的救援。access“获得.....的机会”；admission“入场（券）”；approach“方法，途径” ；attention“注意”。have access to固定短语，“有获得......的机会”，选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，以及固定短语have access to。
21.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。A. belief信念；B. element 要素，成分；C. criterion标准，准则；D. instance 情况。句意：我的老师经常说能挣钱并不总是一个好的生活成功的标准。故选C。
22.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：他们在大海中迷失了方向，任由风和天气的摆布。A. mess“混乱”；B. mercy“仁慈，摆布”；C. moment“时刻”；D. mixture“混合物”。at the mercy of固定短语，“ 由.....摆布”，故选B。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分mess；mercy；moment和mixture的含义以及固定短语at the mercy of。
23.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：在聘期内，甲方将为乙方提供80%的医疗费用。A.discount折扣；B.fare票价；C.fee 费用；D.fine罚款。根据雇主要为雇员在雇佣期间承担医疗保险费，故选C。
【点评】考查名词的辨析，注意理解选项的意思，根据句意正确的选择。
24.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：从她的口音判断，我想她一定是从美国西部来的。voice“嗓音”；sound“声音”；noise“噪音”；accent“口音”。选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分voice；sound；noise；accent的含义。
25.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：一些专家担心过早接触电脑会对儿童的发展产生有害影响。A. exposure“暴露，接触”；B. extension“扩大，扩展，延伸”；C. exhibition“陈列，展览”；D. expansion“扩张。扩充”。根据句意选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分exposure；extension；exhibition和expansio的含义。
26.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你想看医生，你要提前与他约定日期。这在美国是普遍的做法。common和practice连用，常表示“普遍的做法”，故选C。
【点评】考查名词，考查view，exercise，practice，reality的含义。
27.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：救护车花了大约十分钟到达事故现场，伤者很快被送往医院。A. scene“现场”；B. scenery“风景”；C. picture“图片”；D. view“观点”。故选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分scene；scenery；picture和view的含义。
28.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：一块土地的面积的边界是人们想象中的一条线，它把它与其他地区分开。此题是关于名词的辨析。A. boundary“边界”；B.hurdle“障碍”；C. ceiling“上限”；D. neighborhood“社区”。故选A。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分boundary；hurdle；ceiling；neighborhood的含义。
29.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：我们遵循传统，在除夕夜吃一顿有着丰盛美食的家宴。A. boom“繁荣”；B. division“分配”；C. reputation“名声”；D. abundance“丰富”。根据题意，故选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分boom；division；reputation和abundance的含义。
30.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管有发达的医疗技术，很多美国人还是由于贫穷而无法享受到好的医疗保健。
A. access“接近，使用”；
B. entrance“入口”；
C. introduction“介绍”；
D. devotion”献身，奉献”。have (no) access to固定短语，“（无法）接近/获得”。故选A。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语have (no) access to。
31.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：由城市年轻一代所写的诗歌，趋向于揭露他们由于缺乏归属感而引起的焦虑。perspective“远景，观点，看问题的角度”；priority“优先权”；participation“参与，参加”；privilege“特权”。故选A。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分perspective，priority，participation，privilege的含义。
32.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：许多国家正在提高他们天然气，风和其它形式能源的使用。A.energy“能源”；B.source“根源”；C.power“动力，权力”；D.material“原料”。natural gas和wind属于energy范畴。故选A。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分energy；source；power和material的含义。
33.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt 收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”，与上下文相符。
34.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：一场强台风袭击了这个地区，使列车暂停运行，现在已经恢复正常了。本题考查词组back to normal恢复正常。故选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析，牢记固定搭配。
35.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意为：许多年来，科学家们一直担心空气污染对地球的自然环境带来的影响。effect 影响；result结果；account叙述，账目；cause原因，事业。科学家们应该是担心空气污染造成的影响。故选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，注意理解词义，结合语境选择合适的单词。
36.【答案】A
【分析】句意：我们每个人都又可能对特定的娱乐类型产生个人的偏爱。A. preference偏爱；B. interest 【解析】
兴趣；C. habit习惯；D. feature特征，容貌。根据句意可知选A。
【点评】考查名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择。
37.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。sou rce ”资源“；sense”感觉、意识“；result”结果“；root”根源“。结合语境可知选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分source，sense，result，root的含义。
38.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了逃避这些情况，Oliver逃到伦敦，在那里他受控于一个叫Fagin的男人。A. escape”逃脱“；goes”前进“；B. flee”逃走“；falls”下降“；C. avoid”避免“；drops”使掉下“；
D. prevent“阻止”；turns“转动”。fall under the control of固定短语“落入……的控制之下'。故选B。
【点评】本题在考查学生理解句义的同时，更加重视对相近动词以及固定短语的区分。
39.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：她拜访穷亲戚时穿得比较俭朴，以免因摆阔而伤害他们的感情。根据句意选C。
40.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A.judgments“判断，决断”；B.adjustments“调整”；https://www.doczj.com/doc/0010069823.html,ments“评价，评论”；D.ach ievements“成就”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分judgment，adjustment，comment，achievement的含义。
41.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：她很享受工作时的兴奋感。钱不是她唯一的动力。根据前面提到的excitement可知，该空指的是动力。A. breakthrough “突破”； B. performance“表演”；C. career “事业”；D. motivation“动力”。故选D。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分breakthrough；performance；career；motivation的含义。
42.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——这个体育场是我们市的体育场的四倍大。——是的，据说它将是中国第二大体育场。倍数的表达方式有： + be + 倍数+ as + 形容词原级+ as + B；A + be + 倍数+ 形容词比较级+than +
B；A + be + 倍数+ the + 名词(如size,heigh,t w e igh,t length,w idth等) + of + B。当序数词和形容词最高级前有名词所有格时，不再使用定冠词the，故选B。
【点评】考查倍数的表达，掌握其三种表达方式，以及名词所有格修饰序数词，形容词最高级。
43.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。句意：鼓励女孩养成独立学习的方法。mean“平均数; 中间; 几何平均; 等比中数”，作“方式”解时，是means；way普通用词,可指一般的方法,有时也指个人的方法或方式,也可指特殊的方式或方法.；method指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法；approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径。根据题意，故选D。
【点评】本题要求考生既要掌握句子的含义，又要区分四个选项中名词的含义和用法。。
44.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：从口音判断，Jane肯定是个南方人。pronunciation”发音“；accent“口音”；voice”嗓音“；sound”声音“。故选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分pronunciation，accent，voice，sound的含义。
45.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】考查名词。A. priority优先，优先权；B. privilege特权；C. principle原则；D. prevention 预防。句意：记住，预防胜于补救，所以每天至少要刷两次牙，并且要定期做牙科检查。故选D。
46.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：随着这些美丽的地方吸引了许多游客，它们的保护受到威胁。A. threat”威胁“；B. control”控制“；C. repair”修理“；D. construction”建设“。A项符合语境。
【点评】本题考查考生对句义理解以及几个相近名词的辨析。
47.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：这并不意味着Guillermo放弃了他勤奋的个性和他成功的动力。A.desire“渴望、动力”；B.ability“能力”；C.need“需要”；D.quality“质量”。故选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分desire；ability；need；quality的含义。
48.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】考查词组辨析。A 拜访、看望；B 上交、归还；C搜索；D检查。句意：警察怀疑他携带药品，所以他们检查了他的背包，但是没有发现任何东西。根据句意可判断应选D。
49.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：这个婴儿正在哭。请做一些事情让他停止哭泣。make sb. do sth , 只有在被动语态中才可以用make sb. to do sth，排除C；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事；stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，此句表示“停止哭泣”，故用stop doing sth.结构，故选B。
【点评】考查固定短语，掌握make sb. do sth ,的应用，区分stop to do sth.和stop doing sth.。
50.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：—你认识那边那个男孩吗？—他是我们公司的大老板，对他的员工很和蔼。A. cold fish“冷酷无情的人”；B. rotten apple“害群之马”；C. sly fox“狡猾的狐狸”；D. top banana“大老板，主要人物”。根据下文“treating his members kindly”可推断，他是一个主要人物，大老板。故选D。
【点评】考查名词短语辨析，区分cold fish；rotten apple；sly fox；top banana的含义。
初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。
二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。
eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:
高三英语专项训练----语法填空 （1）(Topic: ) Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out 16 _______ they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town，he placed 17 ___ very large stone. Then he 18____ (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, 19____ he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.20 ______ man came along and did the same thing; then another came，and another. All of them complained about the stone but did not tried to remove 21______. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 22 _______ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark. Some neighbors will come along later 23 _____ the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 24 ________ (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 25 ________ the stone，he found a bag of money. （2）(Topic: ) The best gift I ever received is the parents that were given to me. I could not have picked out 16 _______ (good) parents myself. My mom is smart，funny，and very artistic. She loves painting and encouraging other people to paint as well. She owns 17______ own book and art store. And at night she teaches adult 18 ________ (educate). She helps kids 19 _________ have dropped out of high school 20 _________ (get) their diploma. She always has time for me and my brothers. She hardly ever gets mad 21 ______ us and loves doing new things with us，22 _____ going to a new museum or going out onto the beach in the middle of the winter and taking pictures at the beach in the snow. My dad knows 23 _____ to fix anything and loves to play musical instruments. He helps me with my science projects and other school projects. He works hard to make money for our family and hardly ever complains. He loves skating with me and 24______ (build) us a half pipe and other cool things. So I have to say that 25 _______ gift I’m most grateful for is the one the God gave me—my parents. （3）(Topic: ) Sometimes Chinese English teachers are puzzled by such questions，“Have you got any skills in reading comprehension?” Actually，many of the teachers can’t give students 16 ___ efficient way to deal with reading. Anyway，17 _____ often simply say，“Read more and practise more，and you 18 ______ (get) more experience in reading comprehension.” Frankly, these teachers’ good 19_________ (suggest) are only helpful to arouse students’ interest in reading 20 ____ not helpful to deal wit h the questions in the examinations of reading comprehension. Personally，I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based 21 ______ the knowledge of English writing. Since the English passages are written under some rules or principles，the science of reading 22 ______understanding may have a close relationship with writing.
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the moon, the sun. 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如： the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如： on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如： the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如： the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如： the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）： 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如： China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。 2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street. 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如： We are students.
高三语法专题总结 序号课题课时教学要求 冠词 3 1.熟知冠词的基本用法、习语和固定搭配 2.掌握冠词的一些灵活用法和特殊用法 1.冠词的基本用法 1 冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指 2.冠词的习惯用法 1 1.定冠词的习惯用法 2.不定冠词的习惯用法 3.零冠词的习惯用法 3.冠词的活用 1 1.被具体化的抽象名词前的冠词用法 2.被普通化的专有名词前的冠词用法 3.形容词比较级、最高级和序数词前的冠词活用 高考重点冠词的基本用法及冠词的习惯用法 高考难点冠词的活用 专题二代词 3 熟练掌握不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、人称代词 以及it的灵活运用 1、不定代词 1 1、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 2、one，ones, the one,that,those的用法 3、one，another, the other, some ,others, the others的用法 4、复合不定代词及其他不定代词 2、反身代词 1 1、反身代词的基本用法 2、与反身代词构成的介词短语 3、与反身代词构成的动词短语 3、指示代词、人称代词和it的用法1 1、指示代词、人称代词的基本用法 2、It的用法 高考难点语境的真实性和复杂性、语义较丰语法复杂的不定代词的考查 专题三形容词和副词 2 了解形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法及常用句 型 1、形容词、副词的基 1 1、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
本用法2、对形容词、副词顺序的考查 2、形容词、副词的辨 析 1 在语境中学会形容词副词的用法 高考难点对于形容词副词比较等级的考查倾向于“淡化语法，注重深层语义的特点” 专题四语义辨析（名词、介词 及介词短语）3 1、在真实语境中能恰当的使用意义相近的介词，掌 握表示时间及空间的介词的用法 2、在语境中能恰当的使用介词的一些习惯用法和 介词与名词的固定搭配 1、名词辨析 1 1、名词的数和名词所有格的用法 2、名词的句法功能，尤其是名词作定语的用法 2、介词辨析 1 1、表示方位的介词 2、表示时间的介词 3、表示工具、手段、方式的介词 4、表原因、目的的介词 5、易混介词辨析 3.介词短语解析 1 1、与名词构成的介词短语 2、与某些形容词固定搭配的介词 高考难点介词短语的辨析，题干结构复杂 专题五动词和动词词组 2 1、掌握动词的及物和不及物性 2、掌握被动形式中英汉表达的不同 3、掌握感官动词作系动词：feel/look/sound 1、动词辨析 1 考纲中出现的动词及动词辨析 2、动词词组辨析 1 考纲中动词词组及辨析 高考难点同义词及词组辨析 专题六动词的时态及语态 2 1.建立“时”和“体”的概念 2.掌握一般将来时的各种形式及区别 3.掌握易混时态的用法：一般过去时和现在完成时 的区别 4.掌握各种时态的被动语态形式
专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有……意识 have a feeling of有……感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑…… take advantage of利用；趁……之机 make fun of取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系 get relief得到缓解 give a solution给出解决方案 put...into practice将……付诸行动 2．介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand需求量很大 in quantity大量，大批 in progress在进行中
初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：
广东高考英语语法填空专题训练语法填空（每篇共10小题；每小题1.5分，每篇满分15分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为1—10的相应位置。 Passage (1) Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 1 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 2 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 3 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 4 （importance）, less pollution. Which of the types of mass transit 5 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus 6 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not 7 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 8 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 9 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link various cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV (high-speed-train) is the world’s fastest, 10 (average) over 270 kph! Passage (2) Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships 1 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 2 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 3 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 4 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 5 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward 6 (move) took place 7 because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 8 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 9 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 10 (like) the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词： （1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 高考英语语法总复习(共15个专题附练习及答案) 语法复习专题一——名词.①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。 如：一、考点聚焦抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）1.可数名词单、复数变化形式in surprise 惊讶地a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事（1）规则变化。 win success 获得成功a success 一个(件)成功的人(事)①单数名词词尾直接加-s。 如：boy — boys, pen — pens。 win honor 赢得荣誉an honor 一个(件)引以为荣的(事)①以 s、x 、ch 、sh 结尾的单词一般加-es。 如：glass —glasses,box—boxes,Failure(失败)is the mother of successa failure 失败者watch —watches, brush —brushes。 失败是成功之母。 特例：stomach — stomaches。 by experience 靠经验an experience 一次经历①以”辅音字母+ y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。 如：youth 青春a youth 一个青年人baby — babies, lady —ladies, fly — flies。 have pity on sb.怜悯某人a pity 可惜的事情①以“o”结尾的多数加-es。 1/ 146
一、 名词的分类 普通名词 可数名词 当不可数名词转化为可数名词时，词义常发生变化。 集体名词 专有名词 不可数名词 物质名词 抽象名词 二、 名词的性 1. 在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。 2. 在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess ”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette ”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter ”或“-tor ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer ”或“-ror ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress ”以构成阴性名词。（①“-ter ”/“-tor ”→“-tress ”；②“-rer ”/“-ror ”→“-ress ”；③“-der ”→“-dress ”。注：少数情况下存在例外） 3. 在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加 he/she, male/female, man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。（强调尊敬时，可用 lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。） 4. 某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。（Ref.P324<7>） 5. 惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词： 1) 阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等 2) 阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等 3) 拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep, Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用 he ） 4) 拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, the Earth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用 she ） 5) 通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。 6. man 可以包括 woman ，统指一切人，代词用 he/his 。 三、 名词的数 1. 专有名词的复数形式 1) 有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s ”即可。 Kansas City → Kansas Citys Mayor Brown → Mayor Browns the two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths （例外：Rockey → Rockies, Sicily → Sicilies ）
语法填空专练 1 广东高考真题 One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 1 ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, “ Go to the village and buy so salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much 2 too little. ” His son looked surprised. “ I can understand why I shouldn 't pa much, Father, but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money? ” “ That would be a very 4 ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours, ” Nick said. Nick 'gsu ests, 5 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “ The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it. ” “But such a small thing couldn 8 't ( possible ) destroy a village. ” “ In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 10 ( think ) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have
导学案
【词汇串烧】 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English. 爱上英语 有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。 他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。 这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。 【词汇点拨】 survey n.调查；测验
初中英语语法大全：名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如： work。 … 注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。
[ There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子an new orange （×）→a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→an old desk （○）一张旧课桌 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 ！ 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不 是看名词。 2.复数 英语中，如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 变复数时情况如下： （1）一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。 （2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.