Keys to the Exercises
Unit 1
Text A
III. 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5 C
6. a good student: a bright, industrious teen, upscale cap and gown, high-quality student, honors student, elite student, ambitious scholar
a good school: a prestigious college, an Ivy League college, top-flight school, selective institution IV
1. an entry-level luxury car
2. a top-rated program
3. a cash-strapped financial institution
4. a predominantly agrarian society
5. to be ready psychologically
6. A-level exams
7. a pink-collar worker
8. an intermediate-level course
9. money-strapped colleges and universities
10. a predominantly male job
11. low-level radioactive waste 12. a gold-collar worker
13. top-class works of art
14. to be not emotionally ready to commit to one of them
15. O-level subjects
16. predominantly rural residents
17. a top-ranked private school
18. a financially-strapped non-profit organization
19. agray-collar worker
20. a top-class hotel
V
发现自己不知不觉的步入了教育领域的无人地带
得了高分
学费资助
尚无法承担四年沉重的经济负担
学业上跟不上
开设综合性大学层次的高级核心课程
提高某人的技能
填少数民族招生配额表
有把握知道
接受要求
一所面向大众和蓝领的教育机构
学杂费
为优等生开设的课程
资金短缺的州
设定招生上限
公立大学
平均年龄
学术声誉
补习的本科生
换职业的中年人
令人羡慕的学生—教授比
正式注册的学生
主要是白人女性将社区学院限制在传统的角色
研究型大学
积极的行为榜样
平均绩点
难度大的优等生层次的课程
直接录取在大三年级
让学生来源多元化
200
VI
1.
1) 我们必须要注意的是，在努力追求声望的过程中我们不能失去最重要的中心点—开放共享。
2) 在求职竞争中，没有经验但年轻有为的人都给挤掉了。
2.
1) 要进入迈阿密达德学院学习优等生课程，学生需要的要么是最低3.7的中学平均绩点，要么在新的学业能力测试中获得1800分及以上，而且要保持3.5的平均绩点才能继续学下去。
2) 本岗位要求至少两年的环境技术人员从业经历,或在环境取样领域拥挤实践经验并承担类似工作.
3.
1) 其中蕴含着问题的关键。
2) 这就是目前研究的难点和挑战。
VII
1. 但是，正当古兹曼要推迟上大学，准备参加海军时，他听说美国最大的社区学院之一，迈阿密达德学院设立了优等生学院，开设综合性大学的高级核心课程，可让他提高自己的水平，而且无需支付就读斯坦福大学要交的29,847美元的学费。
2. 尽管18岁的年轻人大量增加，缺钱的州还是为公立大学设立了招生上限，而社区学院的优等生课程则为有天分的学生开始接受高等教育提供了一个体面的场所。
3. 设立社区学院最初的使命是为补习的本科生和人到中年转换职业的人提供一个安身之
处，但是提高社区学院的学术威望是否有违这一使命？
Unit2
Text B
I.
Internet addiction
exposure to sexually explicit material
cyber bullying
sexual solicitation
to be synonymous with
to escape from negative feelings
to think about … constantly
to have a negative effect on academics
sleep deprivation due to long hours of Internet use
Interactive communication applications instant messaging
on different personality dimensions subjective well being
teen gamers
to navigate through these developmental challenges
a coping mechanism
to be negatively related to youth with deficiencies in the ability to …
be prone to
to partake in
prevention and intervention
positive attitudes
to pretest high on
to be randomly assigned to …
the pros or cons of gaming
to be randomized into …
attitude shift
an Internet addict
age range
to score high on
to establish a causal relationship between … and …
to have positive effects on cognitive development
moderate use of the Internet
beneficial outcomes
201
uncommitted sexual exploration
offensive behavior
to experience online harassment
name-calling gossiping
to make threats
malicious messages
school-based offline bullying
computer proficiency
it was initially feared that …
to post identifying information
add to their risk of
to freely interact with strangers
cyber crimes
cyber bullies and cyber victims
substance use
to shift away from
202
II.
1. Excessive Internet use is emerging as one of the more negative aspects of young people's online activities.
2. They posited that low tolerance for negative emotional events that arise from irrational beliefs (frustration intolerance) might drive Internet addicts to seek the fantasy and control of the Internet.
3. Using the Internet for playing games and general entertainment purposes decreases the quality of friendships and romantic relationships.
4. Online victimization in the form of online harassment and sexual solicitation was a big focus in the recent literature and we focus here on these two concerns.
5. One of the more common forms of harassment among youth is that of cyber bullying, which is defined as 'willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text'.
Unit 3
Text A
III
A 2.
B 3.
C 4. A 5.
D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A
IV
dictation as a mini-test
a state-dominated financial system
e-books that are not at all space-consuming an ill-informed policy
a shift from a producer- dominated market to a consumer-dominated market
to send an e-card
an ill-timed tax increase
resume gap
a male-dominated society
half an hour’s mini-lecture technological gap
advanced e-commerce management software female-dominated childcare sector
a mini-presentation
a youth-dominated culture
an ill-furnished apartment
an e-map navigation system
a beauty in a mini-skirt
missile gap
an ill-designed dam
V
在努力工作
招聘主管
某个遥远的城市
感到受宠若惊
不知道下一步该做什么
核对某人的资格
成功的职业介绍
愿意……
将……输入数据库
最初的……库
帮……走出职业低谷
高级合作伙伴
成功地获得一份有吸引力的薪水安家费主要关注高级官员
首席执行官
首席财务官
职业介绍公司
拉网式搜寻各级别的中层经理与专业人员做出换工作的举动
增长率超过10%
总编辑
激烈的就业市场
找到拥有罕见资质的人选
持续更新的数据库
按照……列出……
过于咄咄逼人
工作名称
203
与你简历上的内容相符
主理合伙人
204
VI
1.
1) 如果一切都没问题, 你可以通过电子邮件发出你的简历，而招聘公司就会将其输入数据库，用于帮助其客户填补空缺岗位。
2) 如果一切都没问题，不要怕还价。
2.
1) 我被录用了，这真是帮我走出了职业低谷。
2) 她是一位资深园艺师，离婚后为了帮助自己走出情感低谷，她开始种植大麻。她成功地让加拿大最高法院相信，作为对她的犯罪行为的处罚，强制没收她的住房是极端的判决。
3.
1) 尽管就业市场竞争激烈，市场上人才济济，公司还是经常雇用招聘公司为其选才，其目的是保密或找到拥有特殊而罕见的资质的人选。
2) 在记者招待会上，记者们纷纷向总统追问这一丑闻。
4.
1) 在很多情况下，人力资源部过于分散，难以进行专业化的人才搜寻。
2) 不要太忙了，给自己留点时间，充充电，和家人多在一起。
5.
1) 若要成功预防青少年犯罪问题，需要整个社会确保青少年得到协调发展，要从儿童时代起就要尊重其人格，促进其人格的发展。
2) 员工的投入使得本网站得以发展。这要求雇员与雇主都具有灵活性，最重要的是要求双方进行坦诚布公的沟通。
VII．
1. 他们会告诉你，这是一家“大型咨询公司”，然后向你大致描述一下工作内容，但是见到你本人，并看到你的简历之前不会像你透露是哪家公司。
2. 招聘公司表示，他们除了审查手头上的简历还要研究新闻和行业出版物，以便了解有希望的员工和公司的重组。
3. 专家说，万一你成为这些人中的一员，要想办法突出自己的表现。
Unit5
Text B
I.
to have a lock on unsustainable over-consumption
to the detriment of
to be perfectly timed
the report put out by the Washington, D.C.-based research organization consumerism run amuck
the consumer class
to be characterized by …
diets of highly processed food
lifestyles devoted to the accumulation of non-essential goods
to reside in …markets with the most potential for expansion consumer appetite
to undermine the natural systems we all depend on
to address the devastating toll on …exacted by …
a plethora of disposable cameras
goods with built in product-obsolescence
a "throw away" mentality
a story in the newspaper just the other day saying that
extinct species
from luxuries to necessities
205
a driving factor
goods and services previously out of reach
at one point in time
a snapshot of changing realities
a virtual sea of people on bicycles
increased reliance on automobiles
to account for
a growing emphasis on meat
unbridled consumption
factory farming
toxic waste
to flatten up
the livestock industry
antibiotic-resistant microbes
to complicate the treatment of disease in
both animals and people
to keep … confined in …
to promote growth
to rethink one’s policy of
to crowd out
to erode the environment
safety and security
findings from a survey of life satisfaction
annual income per person
modest increments
Increased consumerism evidently comes at a
steep price.
to incur debt
Excess consumption can be
counterproductive.
the sedentary lifestyle that goes with heavy
reliance on automobiles
annual expenditures for cosmetics
a worldwide epidemic of obesity
soaring rates
surging health care costs
a low quality of day-to-day life
rampant consumerism
startling anomalies
to eliminate hunger and malnutrition
green taxes
take-back programs
to recycle packaging
to reorient our way of thinking
206
II.
1. 1) 但是发展中国家现在是快速跟进，伤害到环境、健康与幸福。
2) 尽管她的案例比较极端，但是家庭暴力非常普遍，人们对其影响经常视而不见，伤害到妇女儿童。
2. 1) 饮食在变化，人们吃肉越来越多，这形象地说明了失控的消费给环境与社会带来的高昂代价。
2) 我们日益见证到高等教育的变革，高教越来越重视帮助年轻人获取知识与信息、培养其融入社会变革与技术变革之中去的必要性。
3. 1) 肉鸡宰杀前先要用激素增肥，有时鸡腿甚至不能再支撑其体重。
2) 有些人口音很重，有时甚至难以听懂他们在说什么。
4. 1) 目标并非是关注做出的牺牲，而是如何使用最少的原材料提供更高质量的生活。
2) 生活的悲剧不在于人们受了多少苦，而在于人们错失了什么。
Unit 6
Text A
III.
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. D 10. C
IV.
computer-savvy teenagers
multi-lateral cooperation
tech-savvy end users
fun-deprived kids
time-consuming food preparation a multi-cultural society
an Internet-savvy generation financially-savvy seniors the sleep-deprived public
a multi-lingual interpreter
energy-consuming industries
less space-consuming flat-screen TV sets a multi-functional cell phone
the leisure-deprived commuting public
an American-based multinational company
V.
bogus crush
enhanced villain
"unscripted" TV
to spill a secret
to deliver a tidy story
to manipulate ranks with …
the pantheon of
to manipulate reality
to cobble together
to be true to life
to use footage to shape a story
a syndicated dating show
to feature hookups gone right-and comically wrong
to take something black and make it white
to cherry-pick facts and quotes
the pressure to deliver drama a love triangle
platonic friends
to play Cupid through montage
to be jealous and grimacing
to be "enhanced" but genuine
to sign a thick stack of waivers
fellow contestants
to trump up
fender bender
to have soft moments
to do plenty of obnoxious things
to capture the essence of …
to shuffle footage
to downplay a budding romance
to outright fabricate …
to carry their fake reputations into their real lives
207
to doctor a scene
to use the term reality loosely casual cruelties
essential truth to feel badly used by…
to be vilified by viewers across the country to play host to
to be on track
VI
1.
1) 是的，他年龄不小了，但是他仍然很健康。
2) 不错，石油创造了财富，但是代价是什么呢？太阳能和风能才是解决问题的主要办法。
2.
1) “我们将不同时间所说的话综合到一起间接表达某种没有明确表明的效果或观察结果，”“单身女人”节目的故事编辑J·莱茵·斯特拉达尔作上述表示。“这时拼接技术就起作用了。”
2) 政府的这笔钱并不足以应付学校的一切开支，这时就用得上学费了。
3.
1) 诚然，这些节目在推销时比有脚本的节目更真实，但是在最近一次《时代周刊》的调查中，只有30%的受访者认为这些节目大体上反映的是真事，25%的受访者认为节目几乎完全是捏造的。
2) 诚然，私有化的进程非常缓慢，但是政府已经放弃了对长途电话服务的垄断，有些关税已经减免，官僚风气已经有所好转，很多行业已经对私人投资开放，包括对海外投资的开放。
4.
1) 真人秀电视方的看法也许在向詹姆斯·弗雷“本质真相”的辩护靠拢。
2) 联合国气候变化会议从一开始就走向了混乱。
VII.
1. 后来，他们在编辑室移除了桑德拉的名字，弃之不用，取而代之的是人们听到她在说那个男竞争者的名字。
2. 如果某次约会枯燥乏味或不温不火，或无法受到观众的热情回应，编辑就会通过打乱场景的时间顺序或脱离环境断章取义以增加胶片的趣味。
3. 参与者所说的话是编造出来的，恩怨情仇也是胡编乱造，在录制之前，各个剧集在多幕“情节串连图板”中进行了策划，各个场景由相隔好几天的胶片拼凑到一起。
Text B
I.
1. book lover, bibliophile, bookworm, devoted reader, a voracious reader, an avid reader
2. book, page-turner, volume, title, words on paper, pages
II.
as an old song puts it
to read by a fire
to enjoy a page-turner in a hammock on a summer day
the myths we live by
to sum up the problem
a copy of the same book
to offer one’s lament about a fraction of
Christmas haul
There are nights when he reads nothing.
a weekly total of
the unread volumes stacked on one’s bedside bookcase
partially read books
humbling results
208
to reached for …
for pleasure, structure, and sanity
the champion bookworm
a college dean
a wide-ranging list of titles
to scribble a list of titles
to feed one’s dream
to indulge our literary fantasies
to be hard to part with
to get around to …
a harmless indulgence
to offer comfort
to make time to read
to put a log on the fire
to savor the lasting pleasure of words on
paper
to furnish a mind
209
III.
1.
1) 在一周7天每天24小时都在忙碌的世界里，休闲阅读这一消遣活动已经濒临绝迹。
2) 当今这个世界上充斥了博客、短信与推特，而记日记已经成为濒临灭绝的休闲活动。
2.
1) 他在朋友中做了一次非正式调查，发现远非只有他才有这种情况。
2) 像埃及艳后克娄巴特拉奥和玛丽莲·梦露这样命运多舛的美女命运凄惨，但她们的情况并非绝无仅有。与相貌平平的女性相比，美女的人际关系往往不太稳定，也不尽如人意。3.
1) 这首歌曲令人动情，它提示我们爱有大有小，爱的形式多种多样。
2) 日本的危机是一幅清醒剂，这场危机提醒我们，核能本来就是非常危险的。
4.
1) 他们俩个人都表示，在工作安排许可的情况下，他们都尽可能挤出时间呆在一起。
2) 我们会员中的一些积极分子提供了一些意见，因此，我认为我们应该从三天的日程中抽出一些时间计划开一个会议，这个会议的组织安排类似于我们过去的会议。
5.
1) 好像是要奚落惠特沃思，在他坦白了自己的读书情况三天之后，另一家英国报纸《卫报》刊载了读者最喜欢的书的年度书目。
2) 他们摧毁了警察局、学校、高尔夫俱乐部、加油站—好像要奚落消防员—他们甚至火烧了消防局。
IV.
1. 将舒适的阿富汗毛毯裹在身上，CD中播放着轻柔的背景音乐，音乐的旋律抚慰着你的心灵，在漫长的冬天读书，这是一个最佳的场所。
2. 我们渴望有时间读书,沉醉在某一篇精彩的小说中,但工作时间这么长, 对家庭要承担责任, 还要看电视、上网、玩手机，这一切都在一点点地吞噬我们读书的时间.
3. 虽说这种嗜好比较占地方，但也是一种无害的嗜好。毕竟，还有什么其他物品可以给我们以类似的慰藉呢？
Unit 8
Text A
III.
1.B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. C 10. B
IV.
geography geology geomagnetism geopolitics geocentric thermometer thermodynamics thermos bottle rainfall, downfall rockfall nightfall pitfall handmade homemade manmade market-based need-based inquiry-based
V.
盼望……消失
面对难以想象的大灾难
国家安全风险
对国际石油市场的依赖不断增强不断减少的石油储备
赶超中国
智能电网
地热能可再生能源
解除负担
固执地坚持证明……
招致危险
政府间气候变化问题小组
向空气中排放污染
敞开的下水道
对……的过高估计存在错误
210
冰碛物覆盖的冰川
令人应接不暇的大量……
科学事业
完全不犯错误
压倒性的一致意见
诚实地
北极冰盖
冰川流
纵观全球
气候变化否定论者
乌龙笑料
只见树木不见森林
保留来自太阳的热量
对……构成严重威胁
洪灾日益严重
提高到危险的水平
令人敬佩的努力
没能取得实质性成果，仅做出一个决定限定美国的排放量
与……相差很远
为……造声势
政治瘫痪
金融监管改革
紧迫的问题
跟随……的领导
固有的缺陷
总量管制与排放交易的方法
动摇世界对于……的信心
全球协调统一的碳排放税
多国共同努力制定的规章制度
税收收入总额中立的税收政策对……不抱有幻想
全球气候系统的延迟性海洋中聚集的热量
缓慢地重新释放到大气中
安置气候难民
国内动乱
管理失败
农作物大规模歉收
致命疾病的传播
国际社会协调一致的行动
工作机会从工业国家外流
加剧对未来失业的恐惧
新兴经济
不断高涨的反对声
民主资本主义
全球范围内市场经济主导的思潮
单极世界
采取激进的行动
带有淡淡的……味道
符合，与……一致
被过分轻描淡写
严重倾向于……
削弱现有限制
嘲笑，蔑视
无限制地污染人类共有的大气
抵制对……的限制
确定吸烟和心肺疾病的关系
赋予…..强大的优势
说了那么多，做了那么之后
通过法案确立造成全球变暖的污染要付出的代价
温室气体排放
低碳能源
应对挑战
VI.
1.
如果近日来对于全球变暖科学的质疑实际上是在暗示……的话，这定能让人们长吁一口气。考虑到目前汽油的价格，如果真能有人发明出水驱动汽车，那一定能让人松一口气。
2.
就我而言，真诚地希望气候危机只是幻觉。
就我而言，希望推迟会期。
3.
要指出的是并非只有美国无所作为。
并非只有美国政府面对严峻的预算危机。
4.
虽然预计飓风的数量会减少，但是将比往常更猛烈、更具有破坏性。
虽然今年地产市场总体预计会经历适度增长，但医保理财产品估计会有显著增长而带动市场。
5.
211
温斯顿·丘吉尔有句话广为流传：“有时，只是尽力还不够，还要把需要的必须的做好。”
毛泽东有句话广为流传：“枪杆子出政权。”
VII.
1. 我们将不用再担心，当我们的子孙后代回顾过去，会把我们这一代人视为罪人，因为我们曾如此自私自利、没心没肺地忽略了清晰明确的警告—他们的命运就要毁在我们的手里。
2. 此外，从英国的东英吉利大学偷来的电子邮件也表明，科学家们可能违背了英国信息公开的法律要求，那是因为他们受到了气候变化持怀疑态度的人的骚扰，一次又一次地提出不怀好意的要求，要求科学家们做一些没有意义的工作。
同时，这也导致在美国由于过分相信市场原教旨主义而产生了经济泡沫，市场原教旨主义鼓励人们反对制度约束，采取非常激进的方法改变民主管理领域和市场支配领域的内部界限。
4. 但是，在有关全球变暖的辩论刚开始的时候，当时的政治环境明显地倾向于市场原教旨主义者的观点，这些人竭力弱化当时已有的约束，并且大肆嘲笑这种可能性—需要全球性约束来中止非常危险、会造成全球变暖的污染物被排放到大气中。
5. 目前的一些新闻媒体机构，让戏剧演员伪装成对政治时局有深刻思考的人，他们把敌意与不和包装成娱乐。和早先一样，这么做可谓是给国家政治的静脉狠狠地注射了一剂强力兴奋剂。他们惯用的题材，就是把任何试图改革市场中只顾眼前利益的提案贴上“社会主义”的标签。
Text B
I.
oil spill
solar panels
energy-efficient light bulbs
clean-tech investments
to be well positioned to
entrepreneurial spirit
to miss a key ingredient
to shape an effective clean-tech policy
to bring these new technologies to market
to drag one’s feet
to cede … to …
enormous potential source of national wealth to claim the mantle of
determination to become the global leader in clean tech
for the foreseeable future
to ensure full employment and rising income levels
to cap greenhouse-gas emissions
market-based mechanisms
cuts in their greenhouse-gas emissions market share to promote the use of renewable energy
to put that in perspective
civilian aircraft
to take aggressive action
to be effectively put into practice
a cap-and-trade program
to provide an incentive
to maintain America’s lead
to turn the global challenge of climate change into a national opportunity
to secure its dominance
212
II.
1.
很少人意识到的是对太阳能电池板、节能灯泡等清洁能源设备的需求已经在迅猛增加。
很少的人意识到的是目前伊拉克的情况已经变得非常复杂。
2.
对太阳能电池板、节能灯泡等清洁能源设备的需求已经在迅猛增加。
对更宽敞、更舒适的住房的需求已经在迅猛增加。
3.
中国在清洁技术领域努力争取成为世界领军与对环境的关心没什么关系，其关心的主要是就业问题。
政府对新车征收废气排放税其实和担心排放本身没多大关系，主要是关系到政府税收的增加。
Unit 9
Text A
III
1．B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A
IV.
a well-attended lecture
a self-described speedaholic
a Ph.D-holder
time-starved executives
a well-received decision
a talent market for degree-holders companion-starved kids
a legitimate passport holder
a well-read book
a body where women are well-represented a sub-prime mortgage
a love-starved teenager
a well-maintained secondhand car
an ever-mounting series of lawsuits
to be a bit of a blogaholic
a well-discussed issue
an attention-starved nonsalable actor
a self-confessed cleanaholic
the foreign spouse of a green-card holder an ever-growing emerging market
V.
美妙的时机
白金卡持卡人
在几个小时的时间内
靠残疾人补助金生活
没想
平稳的物价
很容易得到的贷款
让这么多美国人买得到
大批高端产品
汇入不分阶级的人流
地位的象征
社会地位
成为低档货
更胜一筹
生产大量的越来越贵的商品,定位于财富不断增加的有钱人
高端消费的标志
独特经历
脱离大众
奇特的休假
整形外科医生
整容手术
理财速成班
商品与服务
炫耀性消费
有闲阶级
价值标准
为……制定标杆
在……方面写过很多东西
消费文化
213
与邻居日益隔绝
接二连三的
横向愿望
纵向愿望
眼睁睁看着他们与富人间的收入不断扩大普通人和他们的愿望之间的距离
向上层人士看齐
为自己在社会上赢得一席之地
高消费阶层居住的郊区
电子消费品
价格高得让人望而却步
家庭平均收入
打入市场
这种汽车更便宜的型号
升级到更有名更豪华的型号
入门级豪车
行业中增长最快的部分
使产品更容易让中产阶级人士买得到
上流社会, 贵族阶级
迎合中等收入人群
奢侈品
利用上流社会人士遗留的魅力
陈迹，昨日黄花
让客人享受温泉浴，采购时尚衣饰，在讲究的饭店就餐
维持低价
满足更多的客户
承受得起的价格
游说组织
具有积极影响
驱动经济发展
改善经济生活
问题的另一面
在这个不断变化的消费主义盛行的世界
市场动态
打造奢侈品传播者的声誉
失去在那个领域的立足之处
滑入大众市场
在顶部取而代之
不放弃真正的奢侈品市场
推出最昂贵的一类产品
只能在节日在指定的商店买得到
有形的地位标志
象征地位的商品挣钱能力
在这个等级结构中位列第二档
最高等级
一次性购买的豪车
最热门的身份标志
这是市场的运作方式。
诱惑物
激起渴望
214
1.
1) 这是一个有着130，000美元一辆的悍马车和12，000美元母婴钻石网球型手镯组套的美国，是一个有着600美元一件牛仔裤，800美元剪一次头，新光面杂志上推销400美元一瓶葡萄酒的美国。
2) 这是一个希望越来越大、人们真正团结地生活在一起的美国。
2.
1) 我们相当自信乐观地认为我们将会占有公平的市场份额，这会使我们避免亏损，并为我们的投资者提供良好的利润回报。
2) 该国政府并没有忽略普通老百姓，民众继续公平地享受国家经济发展应得的份额。
3) 中国、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和其它第二世界的国家想要加入全球经济，公平分享世界经济中的利润。
3.
1) （用户）人数暴增，因为价格相应暴跌,大约仅为10年前价格的1/8。
2) 商业地价下跌，仅为日本泡沫经济达到顶点之后的1991年的大约三分之一，但随着日本从经济衰退中的恢复，下跌速度可能放缓。
4.
1) 入门级的豪车是这个行业中增长最快的部分。、
2) 尽管目前电子书仅占出版业的一小部分，但这种书为该行业增长最快的一个部分。5.
1) 便携式电脑, DVD播放机等一开始是高端产品,后来主要因为发展中国家劳动力成本低廉,这类产品生产得越来越多,结果价格下来了,产量上去了,高端产品进入了大众市场.
2) 他们两个人一开始是一种职业关系，后来慢慢地建立了友谊，变成了私人关系。
6.
1) 他们的孩子就读公立学校，尽管种族主义和其他歧视行为确实存在，但他们中大部分人在加拿大社会为自己打下了一片天地。
2) 她成长的城市正在很快地变成艺术家和设计师的下一个时尚胜地，而她在俄勒冈州波特兰市已经匠心独运地为自己开辟了一片天地。
7.
1) 豪华车制造商打入这个市场的一种方法是推出他们的豪华车的便宜一些的型号，试图引诱不太有钱的年轻一些的客户，希望他们随着收入的增加会将车子升级到更豪华的车型。
2) 该警探感到自己的观点与社会存在隔阂. 他认为市民、社会工作者、医生、议员、法官们都头脑简单。法官不是重罚以消除犯罪，而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新。因此，他感到自己与社会的隔阂更深一层。
8.
1) 罗伯特﹒格罗斯正在与儿子戴维一起逛碧奇伍德购物中心。他说他不能不每年航游一次。
2) 我想让他说没有我他活不下去，我想找到一个没有他我就活不下去的人。
9.
1) 这种体验关键并不是仅仅吃顿好点的饭菜，哪怕是精致的美味佳肴，而关键在于在一种有禅宗意味的环境中经历不同的际遇，大厨师来决定吃什么菜，以及进餐的节奏。归根结底在于排他性。
2) 作合格的父母并非是要让孩子在生活中有多好的归宿，关键是孩子需要你的时候你就在他的身边。
215
1. 大致可以这么说，在这个梯度上的所有阶级都要遵守这些标准。
2. 旧体系是邻里间的相互攀比，而新体系中是人们向富人看齐。
3. 与现代化相伴而生的是五花八门的身份认同，人们能够选择做想做的人，选择装饰自己的方式，选择想要的生活方式。你的消费与此紧密相关。
4. 几乎没什么消费品能像手机这样体现奢侈品的大众化趋势。迈克尔·道格拉斯曾将其定格在1987年的电影《华尔街》中。在这部影片中，现身于各种场合的道格拉斯对着一部手机大吼，手机大小相当于沙发上的小枕头，当时是一件终极玩具，体现出唯我独尊的气派。
5. 在过去20年来，信贷业对于向什么人放贷越来越宽松，评估信贷风险时越来越圆滑，放贷额度越来越大方，只要客户愿意付高额的费用，甘愿冒负债生活的风险就没问题。
6. 问题是，现在源源不断的贷款是贷给经济基础不牢靠的家庭，很多情况下是不计后果，从不想一想这意味着什么。
7. 他们一度将广告主要定位于核心的顾客群，比如年收入35，000至50，000美元的男士，现在他们在工作上越来越细化，力图不仅按收入层次，而且按照兴趣和品味确定顾客。
8. 在美国其他人似乎还在与富人攀比时，顶级富豪已经移情别爱了。
9. 有些人已经脱离了人们的视线，在与其它美国人越来越脱离的小区购买了更大更奢华的住所。但是当今衡量上层阶级的真正指标是他们尽情享受的个人服务。
10. 地位较低的追求者刚认为他已经得到了他要的东西，这个猎物实际上已经转移了，他为时已晚。
Unit 10
Text A
I.
Paragraph 4: the world's second largest economy; a technological powerhouse that still maintains its cultural identity; a place that has managed to become an economic giant while still embracing a conservationist ethos; the nation, the top bilateral donor to many developing countries
Paragraph 5: Asia’s other superpower; the Middle Kingdom;
Paragraph 6: the historic aggressor; vanquished pauper; cutting-edge innovator, an amazing country
Paragraph. 16 : Japan’s second largest auto company
the Southeast Asian company
foreign acquisitions; the shopping binge, overseas-acquisitions
III.
Key: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C
IV.
a fire-ravaged apartment building
a self-made person
overstaffed bureaucracy
tornado-ravaged farmland
a oversubscribed course
to out-market one’s rivals
a convinced Sinophile
earthquake-ravaged towns and villages postcolonial economics
the Post-90s
the flood-ravaged coastal area
a Francophile
a regulation that has outlived its usefulness
a post-retirement paycheck
an Anglophile
to outgun one’s rival
216
a self-centered generation to outstay one’s welcome to overschedule kids to overwork oneself
V.
国内流离失所的难民
成群成群的工薪族
现场回答幻想破灭了的投资银行家的工作问讯
陷入衰退
创新高
国际影响力
软实力
日本的理想主义者
通过文化手段、社会手段和经济手段影响世界
抢购
在……中间引发不安情绪
争取世界人民民心的活动
位居第二
在全球的正面形象
略微胜过
财大气粗的银行
度过十年的债务危机而浴火重生
向……注资
出现投资热
办事处
极度缺钱的
传播社会责任的信息
让……一下子进入其不熟悉的榜样的位置
将战争破坏的经济重建为
保持了其本土文化特色的技术强国
接受保守民族风气的同时努力成为了一个经济大国
吸引到
减少其外援承诺
对攫取全球资源的行为几乎不加掩饰
国际社会
日本模式
时尚的东西
对……不屑一顾
前所未有地让自己从一个被征服的贫穷国家变成一个最前沿技术的创新国
将……看作行为榜样
泡沫年代
一股主要的力量全免费的培训课程
旅游大使
创立表彰外国艺术家的国际漫画奖
直言支持…
传播日本价值观
明确说明其领导层优先处理的问题
致力于提高日本的全球影响力
……因长期繁荣而资金充裕
逆转这个趋势
受到宣扬
正式同意一项创纪录的45亿美元贷款
接踵而至
少量给与
一项利他的事业
从有利可图的合同中获利
实现现代化而又不会丧失自己的根
取得了经济的巨大进步,民主走向成熟,而又没有放弃自己的文化特色和文化传统
非常关注能源效率
世界的第二大经济体
为数不少的一群日本人
生动的晴雨表
专业人员
日本民众
在退休后的生活中寻找意义
管理环境培训项目
当地的工艺行业
高技术的东西
默默耕耘
缺乏美国和平队的全球光环
四处吹嘘
重新看待其在世界上的角色
一项至关重要的考虑
面临全球责任
使其年生产能力翻一番
放松其严格的移民政策
培养国外的亲日派
超越日本过去的孤立做法
开放日本的一个合适象征
217
VI.
1.
1) 日本往往并不大力宣扬自己的工作—考虑到其过去的帝国主义行为及其历史上不尊重他国国界的做法，这一点可以理解。
2) 很多学生满脑子想的都是在这门课程中可以得到“优秀”的分数，在我们这样一个分数意识很强的社会中这一点可以理解。
2.
1) 直到最近人们想到日本的价值观，在头脑中出现的形象只不过是在公司员工个个都是工作狂，日子单调而乏味。
2) 这首音乐让我想到潺潺的流水。
3.
1) 还有其他一些人因为日本时尚的漫画书而被其吸引, 另外一个相当重要的原因是其慷慨解囊/出手大方。
2) 能够更多地利用现有的劳动力的话，可以提高劳动力的质量，降低短缺的风险，增加需求，重要的原因是省力设施、方便食品、在外就餐、孩子照料这样的商品与服务可以让职业女性的生活更轻松。
4.
1) 麻生的国际观根源于自己的个人经历,这在日本政治家当中比较罕见.
2) 在这个儿童照料中心的员工领到了“相当不错的工资”和福利，这在从事儿童照料的人员中相当少见。
5.
1) 我们可以帮助发展中国家过上幸福的生活，但这种幸福的生活并不能是过眼烟云。
2) 不要怕将自己的真实想法告诉某人，但说的时候要有礼貌。
VII.
很多国家越来越警惕亚洲的另一个超级大国越来越大的影响力，在这种情况下世人又重新喜欢上了这个国家。
很多人一度认为,中国使日本黯然失色,事实远非如此.中国的崛起实际上重新唤起了国际上对其邻国的赞叹。
日本国际交流基金会,大致相当于英国文化协会或德国的歌德学院。为了推广日语,该基金会每年邀请50多个国家的500名教师到日本参加全免费的培训课程。
正如美国外交圈里的一些人认为美国的使命是在全球各地传播民主,越来越多的日本人也热衷于在世界上播种自己的理想。
很多一流高校的毕业生并非自动地被国内企业一网打尽,而是渴望到国外工作。
结果两门课都爆满,有些学生心情迫切,只得站着听课。
这个前联合国难民事务高级专员现在负责监管日本国际合作署, 该合作署今年进行了大规模重组,现在成了世界上首屈一指的双边发展机构, 支配着超过100亿美元的资金。
有人对移民美国或澳大利亚与移民日本怀有同样的兴趣，除了让他们对所有有关日本的东西发生兴趣，还能有什么更好的方法吸引他们到日本来呢?
然而，日本尽管正在海外发挥其影响力，其同样也需要欢迎世界人民来到日本海岸。
早在20世纪80年代, 日本企业界首次展开全球扩张。因为日本人苛刻的管理作风, 海外员工怨声载道,日本兼并和收购的许多公司经营状况每况愈下。
Unit 11
Text A
II.
218
1. the US Congress
2. the Senate
3. the House (of Representatives)
4. the US State Department
5. US Secretary of State
6. the British Foreign Secretary
7. the State Council
8. Premier, chancellor (German, etc.)
9. prime minister, PM
10. the British Parliament
11. the House of Lords
12. the House of Commons
13. the Department of the Treasury
14. Chancellor of Exchequer
15. Treasury Secretary
16. the Home Office 17. Home Secretary
18. the American Defense Department
19. the British Defence Department
20. Defense Secretary
21. Chinese People’s Political Consulta tive Conference (CPPCC)
22. the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, National PCC
23. the National People’s Congress (NPC)
24. the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the NPC Standing Committee
25. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
26. Foreign Minister
III.
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. C IV.
semi-skilled workers
pro-life vs. pro-choice
career-minded women
ad-supported software
fellow riders
eco-minded businesses/enterprises
pro-American propaganda / publicity
a government-supported research institute fellow sufferers
weapons of mass destruction an eco-industrial park
semi-durable goods
a pro-reform rally
semi-detached house
pro-government demonstrators a variety of eco-friendly products a semi-military organization
a semi-official society
a family-minded man
a pro-democratic camp
V.
逃避辩论
一群正值花季的年轻生命
打断, 缩减
对……滔滔不绝
当权
容易得到杀伤力大得可怕的武器无需许可而直接合法地购买……并非枪祸的全部
警察局长
不全是坏事
进攻性武器
半自动步枪
高容量弹匣
背景调查失去总统宝座
西部山区
携带武器的权力
上诉法院
推翻禁枪令
最高法院
到处随便谈论
明显多数
加强控制
侵犯权利
登记制度
强制安装防止孩子使用的安全锁
只有……人
（在同意购买某物如保险计划后可改变主
219
Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by
Unit One Reading and understanding p.4 – p.5 2 Check (√) the true statements. 1 It’s a description of the first few days at college. 2 It’s a personal and private story. 3 The writer uses past tenses. (The writer actually uses present tenses, but some diaries do use past tenses.) 4 It’s factual. 5 It’s written in the third person. 1, 2, 4 3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1.(a ) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 4 Match the words and expressions in the box with their definitions. 1 (swear) 2 (muscle) 3 (impress) 4 (sip) 5 (gap) 6 (check in) 5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. 1 (barely) 2 (spill) 3 (ignorant) 4 (intelligent) 5 (sign up) 6 (assures) She assures me that she’s read the book. 7 (run out of) I need to go and buy some tea, I have run out of it. 6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 Is a warden likely to be (a) a teacher at the college, or (b) someone who looks
3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is...related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid... of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It's no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. Adverbs Adjectives efficiently efficient particularly particular fluently fluent quickly
Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.
B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
英语复习资料短语 unit 1 （be）free of摆脱，免于 draw the line（at）划清最后界限 get away from it all远离这一切；have a point和情理；是明智的 live with容忍 off the grid 没有联网 save for除……之外 serve up sth.提供 sniff at对……嗤之以鼻 unit 2 a host of一大群；许多 buck the tread抵制某种趋势；反潮流by definition依据定义；当然地 center on以……为中心 check off清点 get out of the way使某人或某物不碍事in terms of根据，就……而言 kick in开始生效 unit 3
act out把……付诸行动 be on one's way to 正要成为；正要做 connect the dots 理清头绪 for fear of 以防；生怕 have no awareness of 不知道 in service 在使用中；可运用 keep perspective 适当处理；摆正位置 play out 把戏演完；让戏上演 seek out 追寻到；找到 throw balance 使某人心神不安 to that end 为了实现这个目标 unit 4 at the height of 在......的顶峰或鼎盛时期 brim with 充满 bring to mind 使想起 conjure up 使呈现于脑际；使想起 contrast with 与......形成对照；和......相对照draw attention to 吸引人注意... in great demand 需求量大的；受欢迎的 refer to 提及 unit 5 after the manner of 仿效
Unit 1 Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness 1. Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast rob style symbol vague figure Text B appreciate participate shift slip 1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people. 2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift . 4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. 5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.” 6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me. 7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games? 8)I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic. 9)They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce . 10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and
Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before