高中英语学习材料
madeofjingetieji
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞
目标认知
重点词汇
divide, clarify, accomplish, conflict, convenience, attract, influence, arrange, delight, 小词简析
重点短语
consist of, refer to，credit/ to one’s credit，break away (from), leave out, take the place of, break down
重点句型
find + n./ pro. +宾语补足语
知识讲解
重点词汇
divide
【原句回放】England can be divided into three main areas. 英国被分为三个主要地区。
【点拨】divide 分开，分配
常用搭配：divide ... into... 把......分成......
A line of trees divides the garden in half. 一行树把花园分隔成两半。
Divide this line into 20 equal parts.把这条线分成20个相等的部分。
Let’s divide ourselves into several groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。
【拓展】divide与separate
1) divide指把一个整体分成几部分，通常按比例划分。
2）separate 指把原来结合在一起或混杂的东西分开，东西原来没有统一性，有时含有“强行分开”之意。
Divide the money among the six of you. 这笔钱你们六个人分。
We’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。
She doesn’t want to be separated from him. 她不想和他分开。
clarify
【原句回放】You can clarify this problem if you study British history. 如果你学习英国的历史，你就能阐明这个问题。
【点拨】clarify vt. & vi.澄清，阐明；使（液体）澄清
Could you clarify your remarks? 你能澄清一下你的话吗？
An example will help to clarify what I mean. 举个例子来阐明我的意思。
His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过来。
【拓展】clarification n.澄清，解释
记忆提示：clarify可以看成是clear + -ify（使得，变成）变化而来，注意去掉了clear 中的字母e。所以clarify的英语释义是：to make something clearer or easier to understand。
accomplish
【原句回放】Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. 值得高兴的是，当苏格兰的詹姆士国王统治英格兰和威尔士时，在没有冲突的情况下就顺利实现了。
【点拨】accomplish vt. 完成，实现，达到
The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished.
计划的第一部分已毫无风险地完成了。
He can accomplish more in a day than any other worker in his team.
他一天能完成的工作比他队上其他的工人都多。
The explorers accomplished the difficult voyage to the Antarctic in four weeks.
这些探险队员在四周内完成了到南极的艰难航程。
conflict
【原句回放】Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. 值得高兴的是，当苏格兰的詹姆士国王统治英格兰和威尔士时，在没有冲突的情况下就顺利实现了。
【点拨】conflict vi. & n.冲突，矛盾
常用短语
in conflict with （与......）有矛盾、不一致
come into conflict 发生冲突
I had rung a few friends, and been given a great deal of conflicting advice.
我给几个朋友打了电话，得到了许多互相矛盾的建议。
We cannot ignore the conflict between two cultures. 我们无法忽视两种文化的冲突。
She found herself in conflict with her husband over their son’s education.
她发现在儿子的教育方面与丈夫有分歧。
John often comes into conflict with his boss. 约翰经常与老板有冲突。
convenience
【原句回放】England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 英格兰是这四个国家中最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。
【点拨】convenience n.方便，便利，合适
When and where will it suit your convenience for our next meeting?
我们下次何时何处见面你更方便呢？
The folding bed is a great convenience. 折叠床是很方便的东西。
常用短语：
for convenience 为了方便起见
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
We use a credit card for convenience. 为了方便起见，我们用信用卡。
Please come at your convenience. 你方便时就来。
【拓展】convenient adj.便利的, 方便的
注意：convenient 作表语时，其主语不能是人，只能用表示事物的词语或it作形式主语。其句型为：it is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事。
When would it be convenient for you to go? 什么时候你去方便呢？
Will three o’clock be convenient for you? 三点钟对你方便吗？
We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.
我们必须安排一个便利的时间和地点开会。
attract
【原句回放】It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. 遗憾的是，建于十九世纪的工业城市不能吸引游客。
【点拨】attract vt. 吸引；引起（注意、兴趣等）
常用搭配：
attract sb. to sth. 某物吸引某人，吸引某人到......
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
这份工作最吸引我的地方是有旅行的机会。
This proposal has attracted a lot of attention. 这份建议引起很多关注。
【拓展】1）attraction n.吸引；吸引力；具有吸引力的人或事物
Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction. 白金汉宫是个重要的旅游景点。
Such a style has no attraction for her. 这种风格对她没有吸引力。
2）attractive adj. 有吸引力的，引人注目的
influence
【原句回放】The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England... 第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及英格兰北部的地名造成了一定的影响......
【点拨】influence vt.影响，作用于
n. 影响力；感化力
常用短语：
influence sb. to do sth影响某人做某事
influence on/ upon... 对......有影响
under the influence of 受......的影响
Research has shown that the weather can influence people’s behavior.
研究显示天气会影响人的行为。
My teacher influenced my decision to study science.
我的老师影响了我学理科的决定。
Those friends are a bad influence on her. 这些朋友对她有不良影响。
He committed the crime under the influence of drugs. 他受毒品的影响犯了罪。
【拓展】区别：affect/ effect/ influence
1）influence用作动词或名词，主要指通过间接、不易察觉的方式对人的行动、思想、性格等产生潜移默化的影响。
2）affect 只作动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起变化”,着重“影响”的动作。
3）effect 多用作名词，着重指影响的“结果、效力、作用”。
Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.
在中学的一个生物老师的影响下，他从事了药物研究。
This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。
Punishment had very little effect on him. 惩罚对他没有什么效果。
arrange
【原句回放】They had no time to arrange their own wedding. 他们没有时间安排自己的婚礼。【点拨】arrange vt.安排；整理，排列
常用搭配：
arrange sth. 安排某事，排列某物
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
We’re flying out on the 18th —it’s all arranged.
我们18日乘飞机出发，都安排好了。
Have you arranged to meet Monica this Friday?
你安排本周五与莫妮卡见面了吗？
I’ve arranged for the cleaner to come on Thursday. 我已经安排了清洁工周四来。
【拓展】arrangement n. 安排，解决办法。
注意：如果指所做安排的具体事项，常用复数。
We made arrangements for an interview with the director.
我们已经做出安排与那位主管会面。
delight
【原句回放】Her first delight was going to the Tower. 她最想参观的地方是伦敦塔。
【点拨】1）delight n.乐趣；高兴；乐事
常用短语：
with delight 高兴地
to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是
take / find delight in 以......为乐
They would slide down the icy slopes, shouting with delight.
他们会高兴地大叫着滑下结冰的斜坡。
To my great delight, my son passed the entrance exam.
使我高兴的是，我儿子通过了入学考试。
She takes delight in teasing her younger sister. 她以逗她的小妹妹为乐。
2）delight vt.使高兴
be/ feel delighted at/ by/ with 因......而感到高兴
What he did at school delighted his parents. 他在学校的表现使他父母很高兴。
He was very much delighted with the result. 他对结果十分满意。
I’d be delighted to tell you more about the news.
我很高兴告诉你这个消息的更多内容。
【拓展】delightful adj.宜人的，令人快乐的
小词简析
1. rough adj.粗糙的，粗暴的；崎岖不平的；狂暴的，汹涌的（风雨、海水等）；粗略的
The monkey’s skin has a rough feel.
猴子的皮肤有一种粗糙感。
You’d better give us a rough idea of your price.
您最好给我们一个粗略的价格。
2. description n.描写；描述
其动词为describe，注意变成名词时去e，改b为p，加了-tion。
He gave a description of what he had seen. 他描述了他所见到的一切。
3. furnished adj. 配备好装备好的，带家具的
furnish是及物动词，意为“装备, 布置；布置家具，配备家具”，而furnished是动词的过去分词变成形容词的。
She rents a furnished flat. 她租了一套备有家具的单元房。
The house is well furnished. 这房屋室内布置得很好。
4. possibility n.可能（性）
是possible的名词。
Is it a possibility that you will work abroad? 你有可能去国外工作吗？
There is no possibility of his coming. 他不可能来。
5. plus prep.加上，和；adj.加的，正的，零上的
Three plus two equals five. 三加二等于五。
This work requires intelligence plus experience. 这项工作需要才智和经验。
Her mark was B plus。她的分数B+。
6. alike adj.相同的，类似的adv. 同样地, 相似地
These twins are very much alike. 这对双胞胎非常相象。
He treats all customers alike. 他对所有的顾客都是一视同仁。
7. fold vt.折叠；对折（un fold 展开，打开）
She folded the letter in half and put it into her pocket.
她把信对折起来，放进了口袋。
The young man folded his arms across his chest and glared at me.
年轻人双手交叉于胸前瞪着我。
8. thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊
Little Tom was so thrilled at going to the movie. 小汤姆去看电影是那么地激动。
She was thrilled with terror when she saw the scene of the murder.
她看到凶杀现场时,吓得毛骨悚然。
9. error n. 过失，谬误
The accident was caused by human error. 这次事故是由人为过错造成的。
10. consistent adj. 一致的
consist 是不及物动词，意为“由......组成, 在于, 一致”，加-ent变成了形容词。
What he says is not consistent with what he does. 他言行不一。
重点短语
consist of
【原句回放】How many countries does the UK consist of? 英国是由几个部分组成的？
【点拨】consist of 由……组成。相当于“be made up of”。
【高清课堂：Unit 1词汇精讲consist of/to on e’s credit】
His breakfast consists of bread and a cup of tea. 他的早餐包括面包和一杯茶。
This year’s team, coached by Jeff Jackson, consisted entirely of college players.
今年的队是由杰夫·杰克森指导的，全是由大学生组成的。
【拓展】consist in 在于
The charm of her writing consists in its realistic descriptions.
她写作的魅力在于符合实际的描述。
Leadership consists largely in understanding people.
领导力很大程度上在于理解人民。
refer to
【原句回放】Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 现在人们提到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也包括在内。
【点拨】refer to 参考，指（的是），提到
refer sb. to ... 指点某人去......（找人帮忙等）
He frequently refers to his notes. 他频繁地看他的笔记。
He refer r ed me to another doctor for consultation. 他让我去找另一位医生咨询。
I wasn’t refer r ing to you by that remark. 我那样评论时不是指你。
注意：refer 加-ed或-ing时，要双写“r”。
【拓展】n. reference 参考（书目），提及
Try to avoid any reference to his accident. 要尽量避免谈及他的事故。
When applying, please quote our reference. 你使用时，请说明是引用我们的资料。
credit/ to one’s credit
【原句回放】To their credit the four countries do work together in some area (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. 值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作（例如在货币和国际关系方面），但是有些制度仍然区别很大。【点拨】credit信誉，信用，荣誉
to one’s credit为……带来荣誉, 在……名下
credit card 信用卡
对比：debit card 借记卡
Young as she is, she has three world championships to her credit.
虽然她很年轻，她名下有三个世界冠军。
He gave her credit for her contribution to the project’s success.
他因为她对工程成功的贡献而受到了肯定。
He got the credit for the idea, but his brother suggested it first.
他因为这个想法得到了表扬，然而却是他弟弟先提出这个观点的。■
break away (from)
【原句回放】However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。【点拨】break away（from）挣脱，摆脱，破除，改掉
He tried to break away but failed, so he gave up.
他努力挣脱，但是枉费力气，所以只好放弃了。
It is not easy to break away from the pull of the earth.
要摆脱地球引力不是那么容易的。
Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.
像爵士乐这样的现代音乐已经脱离传统规则。
【拓展】含break的常用短语：
break down破坏；中止；发生故障；分解break in/ into闯入
break up（关系）破裂；打碎；结束；解散break out突然爆发
break off 折断，停止break through 突破（障碍等），克服
leave out
【原句回放】Which country is left out? 哪个国家（的国旗）被省去了？
【点拨】leave out 漏掉；删掉，省去；不理会，忽视
She left out the date on the cheque. 支票中她漏写了日期。
You can leave out some unimportant details in your composition.
作文中可以省去一些不重要的细节。
No one speaks to him; he’s always left out. 没人跟他说话，他总是被忽视。
【拓展】相关短语：
leave... for... 离开......去...... leave alone 不管；不理会
leave aside 搁置leave behind 留下，遗忘，遗留
leave off 停止（做某事）leave over 遗留，使剩余
take the place of
【原句回放】All the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions and different situations. 下面的词都能代替“said”，但是它们用于不同的条件和不同的场合。
【点拨】take the place of 代替，取代。也作take one’s place。
Sending e-mails has almost taken the place of writing letters.
发送电子邮件几乎取代了手写信件。
Nobody could ever take the place of her father. 从来没有人能够代替她的父亲。
She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant took her place.
她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代替她参加了。
【拓展】in place of sth. /in sth.’s place 代替某物。注意此短语是介词短语。
Can we use bamboo in place of wood to build the houses?
我们能用竹子代替木材建这些房子吗？
易混短语：
take one’s place 就座，代替某人
take place 发生
in place 在适当位置
Let’s take our places for dinner. 我们坐下吃饭吧。
The chairs were not still in place for the concert. 音乐会的椅子仍然没有到位。
Great changes have taken place since we introduced the new technology.
我们引入新技术后已经发生了巨大的变化。
break down
【原句回放】On the way to the station my car broke down.
【点拨】break down发生故障；（计划等）失败，破裂；（感情）控制不住，精神崩溃；中止；
分解。
The telephone system has broken down. How can I contact him?
电话系统出了故障，我怎样联系他呢？
Peace talks have broken down over the question of reparations.
基于赔款问题的和平谈判已经破裂了。
If you keep on working like this, you’ll break down sooner or later.
如果你继续像这样工作，迟早身体要垮掉的。
重点句型
find + n./ pro. +宾语补足语
【原句回放】Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 如今当人们提到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士总包括在内的。
【点拨】句型“find + n./ pro. +宾语补足语”表示“发现某人/某物处于......状态”。
此句中find后接了宾语Wales及宾语补足语included。因为include和Wales是被动关系，用了过去分词作宾语补足语。宾语补足语除了过去分词外，还可以接介词短语、副词、形容词和现在分词充当。即：
find + n./ pro. + 介词短语
副词
形容词
名词
现在分词
过去分词
When he woke up, he found himself in a cave with an old man.
他醒来时，发现自己在一个洞里和一位老人在一起。
I entered the dark house and found nobody in.
我走进了漆黑的房子里，发现没有人在家。
Lots of children found the film attractive. 许多孩子发现这个电影吸引人。
I didn’t find her an easy woman to work with. 我发现她不好共事。
His mother went into the kitchen, where she found her son drinking a cup of wine.
他妈妈走进厨房，发现她儿子在喝酒。
He found the city much changed. 他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
Unit 1 Friendship 1. 合计_____________________________________; 3. 不得不；必须______________________________; 5. 遛狗_____________________________________; 7. 记下；放下________________________________; 9. 故意_____________________________________; 11. 在黄昏时刻______________________________; 13. 不再…___________________________________; 15. 从…中恢复过来___________________________; 17. 将…装箱打包_____________________________; 19. 相爱；爱上_______________________________; 21. 参加；加入_______________________________; 23. 松开了__________________________________; 25. 付钱；付款；买单__________________________; 27. 对(某人)重要_____________________________; 29. 笑话；取笑（某人）_________________________; 31. 在日记中________________________________; 33. 对…着迷；迷恋____________________________; 35. 深蓝色的天空____________________________; 37. 太多____________________________________; 39. 在楼上__________________________________; 41. 肮脏的窗帘______________________________; 43. 记日记；写日记___________________________; 45. 绑起来__________________________________; 47. 在公路上________________________________; 49. 说…的闲话；______________________________; 51. 与…交朋友_______________________________; 53. 给…一些建议_____________________________; 55. 过去的事件______________________________; 57. 试一试；尝试一下_________________________; 59. settle____________________________________; 2. 使…镇静下来______________________________; 4. 关心；挂念________________________________; 6. 经历；经受________________________________; 8. 一连串的；一系列的_______________________; 10. 为了____________________________________; 12. 面对面地________________________________; 14. 遭受…___________________________________; 16. 对…厌烦_________________________________; 18. 与…相处；进展____________________________; 20. 对（某人）表示感激________________________; 22. 度假____________________________________; 24. 被车撞了________________________________; 26. 考试作弊________________________________; 28. 最深的感受______________________________; 30. 在二战中________________________________; 32. 在藏身之处______________________________; 34. 与自然有关______________________________; 36. 保持醒着________________________________; 38. 碰巧____________________________________; 40. 下楼____________________________________; 42. 积满灰尘的窗子__________________________; 44. 列一个单，列出___________________________; 46. 没注意到________________________________; 48. 与…有麻烦；有矛盾________________________; 50. 与人交流________________________________; 52. 改变这种状况____________________________; 54. 喜欢与不喜欢的事情______________________; 56. 表达你的感受与想法______________________; 58. concern__________________________________; 60. tip______________________________________;
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/007282506.html,pare A with B 与…比
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
UNIT 1 Anne’s best friend 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担 心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？ 安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她 最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一 家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹 抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了二十五个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里， 她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在 日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称 作基蒂”。 安妮从1942年七月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看他当时 的心情吧。 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一 切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛 蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自 从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 …比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到 11点半故意不睡 觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打 开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼 上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆 黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这 是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚… 不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗 户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自 然是需要真正体验的东西。 Using Language 亲爱的王小姐： 现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 1.explain（vt.）解释;说明;阐明 sth. to sb. Please explain this rule to me. explain + that从句He explained that he had been cheated. +wh- Can you explain how the machine operates? 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 e.g. Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj.独特的 e.g. I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 短语：be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 e.g. Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 3. put forward 提出（建议等）；提名; 提前，把时钟往前拨 e.g. He put forward a new plan. [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put on 穿上 put away 收好put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow wha t can be done today. 2.draw a conclusion得出结论 1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论 短语：come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 e.g. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) e.g. To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 4. expert 1）n.专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert 2）adj.熟练的，有专门技术的 be expert in/at sth 精通…… doing sth. an expert job需要专门知识的工作 e.g. He is expert in / at cooking. 5.attend vt. & vi. 参加，注意，照料 1）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting 2）attend to (on)伺候, 照顾，看护 e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 3）attend to处理，注意倾听 e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1）暴露expose sb/ sth to sth e.g. He exposes his skin to the sun. 2）揭露 e.g.He
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时，第二课时 （ Reading） 一．教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二．学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives
人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解 Units 1-2 1. doubt doubt是高考中的高频考查词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：①作动词时， 若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用that引导。 ②doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that ...(毫无疑问）结构。2010年高考对doubt的考查还将集中 在其后跟从句时连接词的选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。 2. expose expose是新课标要求掌握的单词，应重点掌握它的义项及常见用法，特别是be exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语的用法。另外，being exposed to结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。 预测2010年命题方向为exposed to 作状语和定语的用法。 3. absorb absorb是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”的词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于……)的用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系be engaged in, be devoted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。 4. apart from apart from是常见介词短语，意为“除……之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义的词和短语：except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预测2010年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现 在阅读理解题中。 5. available available是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地的模拟考试中出现的频率极高，主要考点为：①词义(可得到的，可用的)。命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。②用法。be available to意为“可利用的”，be available for意为“使……可以享受某物;使……买得起某物”, 要了解二者的区别。 预测2010年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。 6. consist of consist of是近几年高考高频考查短语。①理解其词义“组成，构成”。②考查与其他近义词组的用法异同点。 如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达， 不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查的重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。 7. break down 由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必须明确break down的几个常见义项，根据不同的语 境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为 命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义的理解。 8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装 这是考生必须熟练掌握的句式之一，以往的高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交 际中较常见的一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。 预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查的重点。 重要词汇拓展 Unit 1 Great scientists 1. ____ n. 特征；特性 2. _____ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出→______ n. 结论 3. _____ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 4. ______ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理→_____ n. 参加；出席；侍从；看护 5. _____ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光→_____ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发 6. _____ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈→______adj.可治愈的 ______ vt.& n. 控制；支配 8. _____ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心→______adj. 被吸收的；全神贯注的 9. _____ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance 5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb；absorbed 9. severe 10. _____ vt. 宣布；通告→______n. 宣布；宣告；通知 11. ______ vt. 命令；指示；教导→_____ adj.有教育意义的；有指导意义的→_____n.指导；指示；指令→_____ n. 教师；讲师；指导员 12. _____ vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助→______n.贡献；奉献 13. _____ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→______n.创造；创作 14. _____ adj. 热情的；热心的→______ n. 热心；热情
1. scientist science scientific 2. know about 了解 know of 听说过 3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4. explain sth. to sb 5. be characteristic of sb/ sth 6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过… pass down 把…传下去 pass on 传递, 传授 7. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法 8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 9. by the way 顺便说 by way of …通过…的方法 lose one’s way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事 on one’s way to…在去……的路上 in this way=by this means =with this method用这种方法 10. put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单 put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期 put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火) put up 建立; 建造 put up with…忍受… 11. arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 12. win / beat /defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。 expert at/in sth 某方面的专家 14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加 attendance n. 照顾, 出席 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼 15. attend to 处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to. 照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗 专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于B A be exposed to B A 暴露于B 17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 致命的 18. deadly adv. (1)very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。 20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事 21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that 建议should + V 暗示该使用什么时态用什么 22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的. 剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的 be severe with/on sth 对……严格。 23. be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因……责备某人 blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人 24. look into 向里看；调查，了解 25. suspect sth 怀疑某事 suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that 从句 26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料 look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看