武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
武大考博辅导班：2019武大新闻与传播学院考博难度解析及经验分 享 武汉大学是教育部直属的重点综合性大学，是国家“985工程”和“211工程”重点建设高校，涵盖哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学、艺术学等12个学科门类。学校现有46个一级学科具有博士学位授予权，235个二级学科专业具有博士学位授予权；博士专业学位授权点3个；博士后科研流动站42个，博士生导师1600余人 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于武汉大学新闻与传播学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 武汉大学新闻与传播教育始于1983年的新闻系，2000年12月新闻与传播学院成立。 学院现设新闻学、广播电视、广告学、网络传播四个系；6个本科专业和专业方向：新闻学、传播学、广播电视新闻学、广告学、播音与主持艺术、广告设计方向；拥有新闻传播学一级学科博士学位授予权，五个二级学科博士学位授予权：新闻学、传播学、跨文化传播学、广告与媒介经济、数字媒介；五个硕士学位授权点：新闻学、传播学、数字媒介、广播电视艺术理论、新闻与传播硕士专业学位；一个新闻传播学博士后科研流动站；一个省级一级学科重点学科：新闻传播学；拥有一个教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地武汉大学媒体发展研究中心、一个国家级实验教学示范中心：武汉大学新闻传播学实验教学中心。一个教育部、财政部支持的人才培养模式创新实验区：多媒体时代记者型主持人培养模式创新实验区。 学院现有专任教师54人，教授21人（含博导17人）、副教授19人、讲师14人；90%以上的教师具有博士学位以及在国外或境外学习、访问、交流、讲学经历；有1位国家级教学名师、1位入选国家第一批“万人计划”、4位教育部新世纪优秀人才、3位享受国务院政府特殊津贴、2位珞珈杰出学者、1位楚天学者特聘教授、2位珞珈学者特聘教授、3位珞珈青年学者。此外，学院还聘请了50多位海内外知名的新闻传播学者和业界人士担任学院的兼职教授或客座教授。 二、招生信息
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract
2008年武汉大学博士研究生入学英语试题 及详解
2008年武汉大学博士研究生入学英语试题及详解 Part I Reading Comprehension (40%, 1=2 points) Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage: Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or "bids", for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. （definition）→ what The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning "increase". The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning "under the spear", a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold "by the candle": a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.（history）→ how Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christie's and Sotheby's in London and New York are world-famous. （goods/items）→ how An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. I f the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods
2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong
武大考博辅导班：2019武大国家网络安全学院考博难度解析及经验 分享 武汉大学是教育部直属的重点综合性大学，是国家“985工程”和“211工程”重点建设高校，涵盖哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学、艺术学等12个学科门类。学校现有46个一级学科具有博士学位授予权，235个二级学科专业具有博士学位授予权；博士专业学位授权点3个；博士后科研流动站42个，博士生导师1600余人 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于武汉大学国家网络安全学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 武汉大学一直以来引领我国信息安全专业建设，实现了安全领域人才培养的多项“第一”：2001年设立了全国第一个信息安全本科专业，首批入选“国家级特色专业建设点”，制定出全国第一个信息安全本科专业课程体系、教学计划和课程大纲，出版了国内第一套信息安全系列教材，创建了国内第一个信息安全专业实验室，打造了一支高素质的具有强专业实践能力的教学团队，理清了本学科的知识结构和学科特点，“创建信息安全专业培养体系，引领信息安全专业建设”获得了国家级教学成果一等奖，为我国网络空间安全学科的创建积累了重要前期经验。2016年武汉大学成为首批获得网络空间安全一级学科博士授权点的高校之一，同年武汉大学积极响应国家网络空间安全战略部署，成立国家网络安全学院，并与武汉临空港经济技术开发区签约合作打造国家网络安全人才与创新基地，创建极具特色的“网络安全学院+网络安全产业谷”模式。2017年9月，武汉大学国家网络安全学院获批国家一流网络安全学院建设示范项目，成为中国网络安全高层次人才培养的“国家示范”。 二、招生信息
2003年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part I Reading Comprehension（30%） Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs program, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry（采石场）and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied,
2019年武汉大学考博英语真题精选及详解 PartⅠReading Comprehension(2’×20=40points) Directions:In this part for the test,there will be5passages for you to read.Each passage is followed by4questions or unfinished statement,and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D.You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mount Vesuvius,a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum,has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions.The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A.D.79. The volcano had been inactive for centuries.There was little warning of the coming eruption,although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night.Early the next morning,the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum,completely burying the city and filling in the harbor with coagulated lava. Meanwhile,on the other side of the mountain,cinders,stone and ash rained down on Pompeii.Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e779042.html,rge portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration.Fire,however, was not the only cause of destruction.Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air.
武汉大学考博英语真题核心词汇集锦 1.blackboard['bl?kb?:d]n.黑板 2.blackmail['bl?kmeil]n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索;胁迫，恫吓 3.blade[bleid]n.刀刃，刀片;桨叶;草叶，叶片 4.blame['bleim]"v.责备;怪,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备" 5.blank[bl??k]"a.空白的,空着的;失色的n.空白;表格" 6.blanket['bl??kit]n.毯子(可数);厚厚一层(可数)vt.铺上一层 7.blast"['bai?u,bl?st]"n.一阵(风);爆炸冲击波;管乐器声v.爆炸 8.blaze[bleiz]"n.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉v.燃烧,冒火焰" 9.bleak[bli:k] a.荒凉的;冷酷的;没有希望的 10.bleed[bli:d]"vt.使出血，榨取vi.出血,流血" 11.blend[blend]"n.混合(物)v.混和,混杂" 12.bless[bles]"v.祝福,保佑"需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 13.blame['bleim]"v.责备;怪,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备" 14.blind[blaind] a.盲的，瞎的;盲目的vt.使失明n.百叶窗 15.block[bl?k]"n.大块木(石)料;街区;障碍物v.阻塞,拦阻" 16.blood[bl?d]n.血液，血;血统，血亲;血气 17.bloody['bl?di]"a.流血的,血腥的" 18.bloom[blu:m]n.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花 19.blossom['bl?s?m]n.花(簇);花期;青春vi.开花;展开;繁荣 20.blouse[blauz]n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔的罩衫
2016武大博士生英语入学考试真题答案 I．Reading Comprehension(40分)(黄老师提供) BCAD ACBA DDCA DCAB CCBA Part II English-Chinese Translation(5*4=20分)（方老师提供：标答） 1. 如果我们的时间使用得当，就能生产出有用和重要的产品，在市场上买得一定的价钱；或者充实我们的经验，增长我们的才干，待到适当时机我们就能挣到金钱。 2. 我们想到死便震惊不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用以保全生命。可是我们对于损失一个钟头或者一天时间往往漠不关心，忘记生命原来就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。 3. 现在如果从我们的寿命中减去所有这些岁月，我们将发现，能让我们用于有效工作的时间大概是15或20年左右。谁能记住这一点，就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每时每刻。 4. 如果我们让生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走而未加利用，我们将永远无法弥补这种损失。等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期没能获得的知识或技能将永远不能获得了。 Part III Chinese-English Translation(20分)（方老师提供：标答） We are not sure what “intelligence” is, not what is passed on. However, the fact does not prevent us from finding it a very useful concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which “measure” it. In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual’s ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample, it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations. The Education Act 1944 passed by the British parliament made secondary
武汉大学 2015年博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 一、阅读理解 Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form. of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due. Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior. must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part. 1. The best title for this selection is （） A. Fitting Punishment to the Crime B. Approaches to Just Punishment C. Improvement in Legal Justice D. Attaining Justice in the Courts 2.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective jus
武汉大学博士英语期末考试资料整理(2018.6.5更新) 1．段落分析 Developing Paragraph/Body（正文/主体） 1. Unity (一致性)—topic sentence切题，与开篇提出的论点相关 2. Development (发展性)—supporting sentences no more than 5 aspects论据是否充分 Common Methods of Development exemplification 例证 1)facts事实 2)citation引证 3)comparison and contrast比较与对比 4)analysis分析 5)classification分类 3. Coherence (连贯性):主要指段落中的句子与句子之间在逻辑上和结构上的相互连贯—条理清楚、层次分明、衔接自然。 General rule by classification总原则：from the most important to the least important or versa vice 由重到轻，反之亦然（由轻到重：hierarchical structure/build-up expansion） 1)by transitions/signposts过渡词/路标词 2)by repetition of key words 3)by synonyms or variations of key words 4)by reference words (e.g.: this, these, that, those, one, ones) 5)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神 6)from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理 7)from individual to social aspects从个体到社会 8)from oneself to others从自身到他人 9)from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接 10)from physical environment to economic, social and cultural structure从地理环境到社会、 经济和文化结构 Concept-defining 1. Content 内容（from paragraph level 段落） Topic 话题—笼统→ Perspective 角度—抽象→ Aspect 方面—具体 1）Topic 话题：what to write – general 笼统（topic sentence） 2）Perspective (point of view/viewpoint) 角度/视点→ 展开素材 3）Aspect (part/side) 方面/层面→ 体现素材(supporting sentences)