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初中英语同义词辨析

初中英语同义词辨析
初中英语同义词辨析

.初中英语同义词辨析

初中英语同义词辨析

目录:

英语学习过程中经常遇到同义、近义词的辨析,这是英语学习的难点之一,也是中考考点之一,现在把自己整理的一些初中常见的同义近义词的辨析总结如下:

1、talk tell speak say

2、good well nice

3、look see watch read 一、maybe, probably , perhaps

二、few , a few , little , a little

三、each , every 四、when , while 和as

五、between, among 六、among , in the middle of

七、Such , so 八、Nobody , no one , none

九、idea, concept, conception, thought, notion, impression

十、identify, recognize, make out “认出,识别十一、idle, lazy 闲散,懒惰

十二、if, whether 十三、ignorant, illiterate无知的

十四、ill, sick 十五、illness, sickness, disease, complaint

十六、imagination, fancy, fantasy想象,幻想

十七、immediately, instantly, presently, directly, shortly, soon, at once, right away

十八、immerse, dip, duck, plunge, submerge沉浸,浸入

十九、improve, better, perfect, refine改进,改善

二十、indeed, really, truly, actually确实地,真正地

二十一、indispensable, essential, necessary, requisite必不可少的,必需的

二十二、induce, persuade, urge, convince, counsel, coax劝说,劝导,劝诱

1. feel like:想要做某事,

2. much too too much too many

3. few a few. little a little 6. both , all放在be动词的后面

7. enough 的用法:8.形容词修饰不定代词

9形容词变副词;通常是在词尾加ly 10. used to do sth be used to doing sth 11. look for

11\ find: find out 12. borrow lend:

13. have ( has ) been to :have ( has ) gone to 14. nobody : 代词,“没人”,不能用于of 结构中。

15. a number of the number of : 16. between : among

17. across through :cross Over 18. cost spend pay: take :

19. give up 和give in 20. such + a/an + 形容词+名词单数so +形容词+名词复数/不可数名词21. alone lonely

22. good短语:23. feel like

24. later after 25. quite : quite a + adj + n very : a very + adj + n 26. much too too much too many 27. arrive get to reach

28. all:whole 29. another more

30. few a few little a little 31. turn on turn off turn down turn up

32. in bed in hospital on the bed in the hospital 33. sports :修饰名词

35. bad luck good luck have good ( bad ) luck in doing something good ( bad ) luck with something good ( bad ) luck to somebody 36. in front ( of ) in the front ( of )

37. class family , team 38. at the end of

39. both , all 40. enough 的用法

41.形容词修饰不定代词42. nearly , almost 几乎

43. it , one , that 均可代替上文提到的某物47. carry 运载、搬运、提、扛、抱、抬

44. interest , excite , surprise , please , disappoint 这类表示情感的词后面加ed ,表示人感到…;在词后加ing

45.介词after 有模仿,仿照之意,可用于动词之后,也可用于名词之后

46. sell , buy 可与介词短语for 连用48. cause 引起

49. too , very , so + adj 表程度50. crowd 聚集,形容词是crowded

51. as …as one can = as …as possible 尽可能的52. hurry off = go off in a hurry

53. happen 主语经常是物,不能是人https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316521920.html,e to oneself 意思是苏醒恢复知觉

55. rob用法56、cut短语

57,maybe 与may be maybe做副词58,be made of与be made from

59,voice,sound.noise 60,lie与lay的区别

61,rise与raise 62,see/hear sb doing与see sb do

63,get短语64,have to与need

65、agree with/agree to/agree on 66、thanks to与thanks for

67.in time 与on time 68、put on/wear/dress/be in

69.interested/tired/excited等ed形容词与interesting/tiring/exciting等ing形容词

70.because与because of 71.put短语

72、look like/be like/take after意73、repair mend fix修理:repair比fix 或mend正式

74.Miss Mr. Mrs. Ms 75、open/turn on打开

76、carry,bring,take,fetch 77、problem与question

78.borrow,lend,keep 79.fall ill 与be ill

80.drop与fall81.sleep/go to sleep/go to bed/fall asleep

82.like与as 83.older/elder

84、provide与offer: 85.forget 与leave

86、afraid短语87,but与 however

88,compare短语89、push与pull

90、join take part in 90、allow sb to st h, allow doing sth

91、continue/stop to do sth, continue doing sth 92、either,also,too,as well“也

93、while与when 95、sleepy, asleep,sleeping 94,try to do sth“努力去做;试图去做”, Try doing sth“试着(用某种方法或手段)做某事。

96、表示天气的词97、hard与hardly

98、only与alone 99、shoot与shoot at

100、只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词及短语101,instead与instead of

102、opinion与advice 103、out短语

104、sound等连系动词104,whole与all

105、across,through,over,along 106、what与how引导感叹句的类型

107、wake 与awake 108,die from与die of

109、big/large与huge 110、fill与full

111、lost与missing 112、cut短语

113、learn短语114、how疑问词短语

115、other 的用法116、all of与none of

117、such as与for example 118、search research search for

119、hundred thousand million等词的用法120、hope与wish

121、since yu for 123,care for 与care about 124,one,that,it的区别

122,not…anymore(any more)/no more与not…any longer/no longer

1、talk tell speak say

speak 和talk通常用作不及物动词,都有“说话”之意。在会议上发言用speak,名词为speech;随便漫谈用talk,其名词还是talk;tell表示“讲述”或“告诉”;say表示“说”;

例如:can we speak about plans for the holidays? 我们谈谈假期的打算好吗?

The patient is too weak to speak. 病人太衰弱了,不能说话。

my father was talking with my teacher when i got home yesterday。昨天我到家时我父亲正在和我的老师谈话。

I always tell my daughter a story before she goes to sleep. 女儿睡觉之前,我总讲故事给她听。

It‘s impossible to tell who will win the next election. 下届选举谁能获胜无法预知。

she said nothing to me about it. 关于这一点,她什么也没有对我讲。

*speak 当及物动词用时,宾语一般是语言或词语之类的词。如: does anyone speak english here? 这儿有人会说英语吗?

2、good well nice

good 形容词,好的,合适的,新鲜的,擅长的。well 作形容词时,指"(身体)健康的”;还可用作副词,修饰动词。nice形容词,美好的,令人愉快的,可爱的,特指取悦感官的事物。she is good at english.她擅长英语。this cake tastes good.这蛋糕好吃。his mother is very well.他妈妈很健康。

she is a nice little girl.她是个可爱的小姑娘。

3、look see watch read 看

look通常为不及物动词,强调“看”的动作,指“认真看”,强调看的对象时,后须接介词at才能带宾语,即look at。see是及物动词侧重于看的结果“看见,看到”watch 作动词,意为“观看,注视”,多指观看运动着的事物,如电视、比赛、表演等。read 主要强调“读,阅读,朗读”,汉语中常译成“看”,多指看书、报、杂志。look!the man is coming!看!那个男的来了。look at the map .看这张地图。can you see the dog over there?你能看见那儿的狗吗?the children are watching the stars。孩子们在看星星。read a/ the book 看书

一、maybe, probably , perhaps “可能,也许, 或许”, 表示说话人的猜测.

maybe 一般用于句首或句末. perhaps 常用于句首或句中. probably 一般用于句中, 不用于句首. 但, probably比perhaps 或maybe 表达的可能性大一些. eg: Maybe/ Perhaps I’m wrong . 或许我错了. ( 也可能没错) I’m probably wrong . 我很有可能错了. I’m perhaps wrong. 我也许错了. ( 也可能没错)

另外, 表示“可能, 也许”还可以用情态动词may 表达.eg: Maybe he is right. = He may be right. 他也许是对的.

Perhaps they’ll go on a picnic this Sunday. = They may go on a picnic this Sunday. 他们也许这个周日去野餐.

二、few , a few , little , a little

1. few , a few 修饰可数名词. little , a little 修饰不可数名词. Eg: There are a few mistakes in my composition. 我的作文里有几处错误. There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有水了.

2. few 和little 的含义是否定的.表示“很少”或“几乎没有”. a few 和 a little 的含义是肯定的. 表示“少数几个”或“有一点儿”.eg: I’m new here, so I know few friends. 我是新来的, 所以朋友很少. We’ve just borrowed a few books about Olympic Games . 我们刚刚借了几本关于奥运会的书.

There’s little time to think about it. 没有时间考虑了.

I only had a little porridge for lunch today. 我中午只喝了一点儿粥.

3. 当有only , quite 等词时, 只能用a few 和a little . We can see only a few trees there. 我在那儿只能看见几棵树. There is only a little bread in the fridge. 冰箱里只有一点儿面包了. 注: quite a few = many 表示数量很多. Eg: I made quite a few friends when I was in Beijing . 我在北京时, 交了许多朋友.

三、each , every 都是“每个”的意思, 后面接可数名词. 可以通用, 但二者又有不同.

1. each 强调个体, every着重强调整体.Eg: Each student has got a new dictionary. 每个学生各有一本新词典.

Every student has got a new dictionary. 每个学生都有一本新词典.

( 在这里every student 相当于all the students)

2. each 用于指两个或两个以上的人或物. every 用于指三个或三个以上的人或物.

There some trees on each side of the street. 街道的每一侧都有一些树.

( each side = both sides, each 在本句中不能用every 代替)

You look more beautiful each/ every time I see you. 我每次看到你, 你都看起来更漂亮.

3. each 还可以作代词, each of +复数名词或代词, 谓语动词仍用单数. 但every 不能这样用. every 是形容词. Each of the students has got a new book. =Every one of the students has got a new book. 每个学生各有一本新书. Each of them likes light music . = Every one of them likes light music. 他们每个人都喜欢轻音乐.

注: 以上两句还可以这样表达: The students each have got a new book . 或The students have got a new book each . They each like light music. 或They like light music each.

四、when , while 和as

1. when 可以表示一段时间, 从句中的谓语动词用延续性的动词, 此时可用while 替换.

When/ While they were swimming in the river , it suddenly began to rain . 当他们在河里游泳时, 天突然下雨了. When 还可以指一个时间很短的动作发生时, 另一个动作或情况也在发生或存在. 从句中的谓语动词用非延续性的动词. 这时, 不能用while 替换. 但可以用as .

Mother was watering the garden when / as came home yesterday. 昨天, 我回家时, 妈妈在花园浇花儿.

2. while 表示一段时间或一段过程. 相当于during the time 强调主从句的动作同时发生. 从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词. 这时可以用when 或as 替换.

While we were talking happily Lily hurried in . 正当我们高兴地交谈时, 莉莉匆匆忙忙地进来了.

注: while 还可以表示两个同类的动作进行对比. 意思是“而”。

Mr. King likes country life while Mrs. King likes city life. 金先生喜欢乡村生活, 而金夫人喜欢城市生活.

3. as 强调主从句的动作同时发生, 尤其指短时间的动作同时发生.As I getting on the bus , I heard some one calling my name. 正当我要上车时, 听见有人在叫我的名字.

五、between, among

between 和among 都是介词, between 通常用于两者, 意思是“在…两者之间”, among 则用于三者或三者以上, 意思是“在…当中”. 但是表达三者或三者以上的人或事物中两两之间的关系时, 用between. Eg: I always sit between Mum and Dad when we take photos. 拍照时, 我总是坐在爸爸和妈妈中间.

They found a pear among the apples. 他们在那些苹果中发现了一个梨.

There’re many flowers between the trees . 这些树之间有许多花. ( 每两棵树之间都有花. )

六、among , in the middle of

among的意思是“在…当中”, 并不是表示在正中间,

有时有one of„ 的意思. 而in the middle of 的意思是“在…的中间”, 不偏不倚.

Eg: The teacher is sitting among his students. 老师正坐在他的学生之间. (不一定坐在中间, 但是与学生们在一起) Shanghai is among the largest cities in the world . 上海在世界上最大城市之列. ( among = one of )

Tom is sitting in the middle of the bus . 汤姆坐在汽车中间.

七、Such , so

1. such 是形容词, 与其它形容词一起作单数名词的定语时, 用法为: such +a /an +形容词+ 单数名词, 而so 是副词, 修饰形容词或副词, 用法为: so +形容词+a / an +单数名词

eg: It’s such an important match that I can’t miss it. It’s so important a match that I can’t miss it. 这场比赛如此重要, 我不能错过.

2. such 与其它形容词一起作复数名词或不可数名词的定语时, 用法为: such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词, 但是如果形容词是few , little , many , much 时, 则要用so . 即, so few/ many+复数名词. So little / much +不可数名词.

Eg: Can you believe that in such rich countries there should be so many poor people ? 你相信在如此富裕的国家有这么多贫穷的人吗? So much of water is wasted in the world every day. 世界上每天有这么多水被浪费掉.

八、Nobody , no one , none

1. nobody 和no one 都指人, 意思“没有人”, 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式. 而且后面不能跟of

短语, 常用来回答who 和不确定的问题.

Eg: Luckily, nobody/ no one was hurt in that accident . 幸运的是, 在那次事故中没有人受伤.

Who went to the net bar this week ? Nobody/ No one. 这周谁去网吧了? 没有人去.

2. none既可以指人, 也可以指物, 意思“没有人, 没有东西”等, 后面可以跟of 短语, 作主语时, 如果指代的是可是名词, 谓语动词用单数,复数都可以. 如果它指代的是不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式. 常用来回答how many / how much 以及有特定范围的问题.

Eg: How many of the women are nurses ? None (of them is / are.) 这些女士中有多少是护士? 一个也没有Which of the boys plays football well ? None of them does. 这些男孩中哪一个足球踢的好? 一个也没有How much oil is left in the bottle ? None ( of it is left). 瓶子里还剩多少油? 一点儿也没剩.

九、idea, concept, conception, thought, notion, impression 这些名词均有“思想、观点、观念”之意。

idea: 最普通常用词,几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。concept: 指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的概念或看法。conception: 通常指个人或一些人所持有的具体概念或念头,也可指概念的形成过程,含一定的想象和感情色彩意味。thought: 指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结果。notion: 指的是一种模糊的,变化的莫测的想法,无可靠的基础,未经深思熟虑的观点。impression: 指外部刺激在思想中所产生的印象。

十、identify, recognize, make out 这些动词均含“认出,识别”之意。

identify:指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等。recognize:指所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。make out: 通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物。

十一、idle, lazy 这两个形容词均有“闲散,懒惰”之意。

idle: 通常指不忙,无事可干,一般不含应责备之意。lazy:指好逸恶劳,贪闲偷懒,或不愿学习或工作等,常含应受责备之意。

十二、if, whether 这两个连接词均含“是否”之意。

if: 作“是否”解时,多用于口语,引出宾语从句,不能直接跟or not连用。whether:多用于书面语中,可与or或or not连用,除引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或与不定式连用。

十三、ignorant, illiterate 这两个形容词均可表示“无知的”之意。

ignorant:指一般的无知或指不知道某个具体的事。illiterate:指不识字的人或没有文化的人。

十四、ill, sick 这两个形容词均有“生病的”之意。

ill: 在英国较常用,指“生病”时,通常作表语,不可作定语。在美国,ill用作表语时可与sick换用。sick多用于美国,作“生病”解时,既可作表语,也可作定语。在英国,sick作表语,不指生病,而指“恶心、呕吐”。

十五、illness, sickness, disease, complaint 这些名词均有“疾病”之意。

illness: 不具体指,而是泛指一切疾病,强调生病的时间或状语,语体较sickness正式一些。

sickness:较口语化,可与illness换用,但还可表示“恶心”。disease: 指具体的疾病,且通常较严重,发病时间也较长。complaint:现代英语中,既可指症状,也可指疾病。

十六、imagination, fancy, fantasy 这些名词均含有“想象,幻想”之意。

imagination:含义广,一般不含贬义。可指认真、带有启发性的想象,也可指凭记忆的想象或凭空想象事物的能力。

fancy:指脱离实际的幻想或幻想力,常暗含所想象的东西近乎怪诞的意味。fantasy: 指与现实完全脱节,荒诞离谱、稀奇古怪的想象。

十七、immediately, instantly, presently, directly, shortly, soon, at once, right away 这些副词或副词词组均有“立刻,马上”之意。

immediately:指做完一件事后,立即就做另一件事,中间一般没有明显的时间间隔。instantly:指恰恰就在此刻,一秒钟也没耽误。presently:指不久、即将。directly和immediately同义,指毫无迟疑。shortly和soon同义,指动作发生或完成的速度之快。soon:常用词,指行动快,完成速度快。at once:

口语中常用,语气强烈,指时间紧迫,一刻也不能耽误。right away:主要用于美国英语,语气稍弱于at once,

强调动作迅速。

十八、immerse, dip, duck, plunge, submerge 这些动词均有“沉浸,浸入”之意。

immerse: 侧重全部被液体所覆盖,也可用于比喻意义。dip:指部分地、暂时地或轻微地放进液体,多暗示一种谨慎或试探性的动作。duck:指把头伸进水中,或指游泳时开玩笑地把一个人的头按入水中。plunge:暗示迅速而有力的动作,但浸入不一定很深。submerge:指长时间的完全浸入、潜入,强调浸入液体深层。

impartial, just, fair, neutral, objective 这些形容词均有“公正的,公平的,不偏不倚的”之意。

impartial:侧重对任何人或任何一方没有成见或偏袒。just: 多用于庄重场合,指不受个人利益得失或感情倾向的影响,侧重按照公认的准则或标准处理问题。fair: 普通常用词,指不偏不倚地对待人和物,侧重不受个人感情、偏见或利益所影响。neutral:强调持中立态度,不偏袒任何一方,甚至不作最后的裁决。objective:着重客观、真实,不为个人偏见、兴趣、感情或看法所左右。

十九、improve, better, perfect, refine 这些动词均有“改进,改善”之意。

improve:最常用词,多指状态或性质上的深刻或重要改进,也可指自身能力的提高。better:多用于口语,指适当地改善原来并非很差的状态或性质,也指社会地位、经济状况的改善。perfect:语义强,通常指使方法、技术等达到完善美好的境地。refine:侧重指使语言、仪态等变得文雅、优美,也可指技艺等的提高。

二十、indeed, really, truly, actually 这些副词均有“确实地,真正地”之意。

indeed:一般用于肯定或证实对方所说的话,多承接前言,也用来加强或肯定自己说话的语气。really:主要用于强调与事实或现实不相违背,也可表示不快、惊奇或某种含蓄的怀疑。truly: 强调客观存在的真实性,没有任何虚假。actually:侧重于实际的事,而不是凭空想象或推测的事。

二十一、indispensable, essential, necessary, requisite 这些形容词均有“必不可少的,必需的”之意。

indispensable:语气强,侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。essential: 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性,暗含不可缺少,否则便无法存在。necessary:最常用词,侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要,强调不可避免,但并非绝不可缺少。requisite:正式用词,特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要,有时可与necessary换用。

二十二、induce, persuade, urge, convince, counsel, coax 这些动词均有“劝说,劝导,劝诱”之意。

induce:指用讲道理来使某人做某事。persuade:普通用词,指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。urge: 语气强,指不断地热情地规劝诱导。convince: 指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。counsel:较正式用词,指对一些较重大事情所提出的劝告。有时也用于非正式场合,但仍强调严肃的一面。coax:指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。

1. feel like:想要做某事,句型是feel like doing something 。would like:想要做某事,句型是would like to do something 。

2. much too :修饰形容词或副词。too much :修饰不可数名词。too many :修饰可数名词。

3. few :修饰可数名词表示没有。a few :修饰可数名词表示有几个。

4. little :修饰不可数名词表示没有。a little :修饰不可数名词表示有点。

5.复合词:1)数词+ 名词

2)数词+ 名词+ 形容词不管前面的数字是多少,名词均用单数。这些复合词只能修饰名词,不能单独使用。

例如:the 500-metre race ; an 800-word letter ; a 10-year-old boy 我们可以说The bridge is 200 meters long 。或者说This is a 200-meter-long bridge . 但我们不能说This is a 200-meters-long bridge . The bridge is 200-meter-long .

6. both , all 在句中的位置和谓语动词连用时,应放在be动词的后面,助动词will , shall , 和情态动词must , can 等的后面,实义动词的前面。注意:在简略回答以及感叹句中,它们不能位于句尾,要放在be,助动词或

情态动词之前。例如:Are you parents workers ? Yes , they both are . How busy they all are !

7. enough 的用法:3)修饰形容词或副词时,必须位于其后,不能位于其前;4)修饰名词时,一般位于其前,也可位于其后。例如:The question is easy enough . We have enough tickets for all of you .

8.形容词修饰不定代词(something , anything , nothing , somebody , anybody , nobody „ )时,应放在后面。例如:nothing serious ; something wrong anyone else 等

9.英语中词的种类是非常重要的,有些词类是可以相互转换的。例如,形容词变副词;通常是在词尾加ly 。辅音加y结尾的要把y变i加ly .也有一些特殊情况例如:good---well lucky ---luckily careful ----- carefully ; polite ---- politely ; true ----- truly ; terrible ---- terribly

1)形容词用在名词前,修饰限定这个名词;

2)形容词用在系动词后面,表状态;

3)副词放在实意动词后;

例如:a lucky man , an interesting boy , turn green , look young , is good , smell good , laugh happily , run slowly

10. used to do sth :过去总做某事(现在不做了)只用于过去时态。be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事,可用于现在,过去,将来的多种时态,be可用get ,become来代替。be used to do sth . 被用于做某事,不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态。Used to do sth 过去常常做某事

11. look for : 意思是“寻找”是有目的的找,强调“寻找”这一动作。find: 意思是“找到”“发现”是经过一番努力之后“找到”丢失的东西或人,强调“找”的结果。find out : 意思是“找出”“查明”用作及物动词短语,常表达找出答案,弄明真相,查明情况等意思。

We looked for him everywhereyesterday,but didn`t find him .Finally we found out that he was in his friend`s.

12. borrow : 借进。词组有borrow sth from sb 从….借进来lend: 借出。词组有lend sth to 把…借

给13. have ( has ) been to : 表示曾经到过某处,但目前人未在。have ( has ) gone to : 意思为“去了”表示人已经走了(至少目前不在说话的地方,在去的路上或者已经到达了目的地。

14. nobody : 代词,“没人”,不能用于of 结构中。

none :一个都没有,可指人,也可指物,可用于none of 结构中,none of

后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词,当接可数名词时,谓语可用单数也可用复数;当接不可数名词时,只用单数形式。no one : = no body 没人。

15. a number of : “许多…”后接复数名词,句中真正的主语是这个复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数形式。the number of : “…的总数”number指“数目”“人数”是句中真正的主语,由介词of 引出的短语是修饰主语的定语,故动词须用单数形式。

16. between : “在…中”一般只两者之间。among : “在…中”指三者(或三者以上)之中。

17. across : “穿过,通过”介词,指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边,它和on 有关表示从“面上”穿过。through : “穿过通过”介词,指从…中通过,着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头,含义与in有关cross : “穿过,通过”动词,相当于一个动词加across的用法。Over 从…上方通过

18. cost : “值…钱,需要花费…钱”它的主语一般为表示东西的名词不能表示人的名词。

spend :的主语经常是人,用来表示花钱买东西,常用的句型有:人+spend +时间/金钱+on sth ;人+ spend + 时间/金钱+ ( in ) doing sth

pay:意思为“支付,花费”主语只能是人,且只用于花费金钱,其结构为“pay + sb + some money + for sth .”意思是“为…付给某人多少钱”其中的人钱事,可以根据具体情况取舍。

take :用于“花费时间和金钱”其常用于结构It + take (根据需要用不同的时态) + sb + time (money ) + to do sth .

19. give up 和give in 相同点:意思都是放弃,让步。形式上都可作不及物动词使用。不同点是:give up 指行为者碰到某种原因或困难而自己主动放弃;give in 指不再坚持而按别人的要求去做,侧重于屈服。形式上give up 可作及物动词,后接名词或动名词。而give in 只作不及物动词,后不接宾语。

20. such + a/an + 形容词+名词单数

so +形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+形容词或副词+形容词+a/an + 名词单数+many 或

few + 名词复数+much 或little +不可数名词

21. alone :用作形容词,通常只作表语和宾语补足语,意思是单独的、独自一人的,描写一种客观事实。有时放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面,其强调作用,意思是仅仅只有,相当于only。它也可以用作副词,位于谓语之后,意思是单独地,相当于by oneself . lonely :只用作形容词,作表语时通常指人,意思是孤独的、寂寞的,强调主观孤独的感情色彩,表似渴望有伴侣,lonely 可以充当定语,修饰人事物或地点;而alone不能作定语。

22. good短语:be good ( bad ) for :对…有好处(坏处)后面接表示人或物的名词或代词;be good ( bad ) to :待…好、和善(不好),to 后面一般接表示人格化的代词或名词。Be good at 擅长、善于;在…(方面)做得好,后面接表示事物的名词、代词或动名词。Xu Beihong was good at drawing horses..be good with“与…相处得好”,后面接表示人的名词或代词。

23. feel like :想要做某事,句型是feel like doing something 。would like :想要做某事,句型是would like to do something 。

24. later :放在一段时间的后面after :放在一段时间的前面

25. quite : quite a + adj + n very : a very + adj + n

26. much too :修饰形容词或副词。too much :修饰不可数名词。too many :修饰可数名词。

27. arrive :后面接小地点时用at ,接大地点用in ,接副词时不用介词。get to :加地点名词,接副词时to省略。reach :直接加地点名词。

28.all:修饰不可数名词或复数名词,位于冠词、物主代词或别的限定词之前。whole :修饰单数可数名词位于冠词、物主代词或别的限定词之后。All the family=the whole family 全家all the money所有的钱all the food all the children the whole village整个村庄

29. another :放在数词之前。more:放在数词之后。Another two=two more再两个

30. few :修饰可数名词表示没有。a few :修饰可数名词表示有几个。little :修饰不可数名词表示没有。 a little :修饰不可数名词表示有点。

31. turn on :打开电器。turn off :关上电器。turn down:把电器的声音调小。turn up:把电器的声音调大。get on:上车。get off :下车。

32. in bed:因病卧床,指躺在床上。in hospital :因病住院。on the bed:指东西放在床上。in the hospital :在医院工作。

33. sports :修饰名词,不论单数还是复数,sports 均用复数。例如:a sports meeting sports shoes a sports car .

34.复合词:a)数词+ 名词

b)数词+ 名词+ 形容词不管前面的数字是多少,名词均用单数。这些复合词只能修饰名词,不能单独使用。例如:the 500-metre race ; an 800-word letter ; a 10-year-old boy 我们可以说The bridge is 200 meters long 。或者说This is a 200-meter-long bridge . 但我们不能说This is a 200-meters-long bridge . The bridge is 200-meter-long .在最高级中,of 指人或事物的范围; in 指地方或单位。如of all the students ; in her class

35. bad luck good luck have good ( bad ) luck in doing something good ( bad ) luck with something good ( bad ) luck to somebody

36. in front ( of ) in the front ( of ) in front of 反义词是behind ,强调的是外部的前方;in the front of 反义词是at the back of ,指在某一范围以内的前方。

37. class family , team强调集体成员时,谓语动词用复数;强调整体时,谓语动词用单数。

38. at the end of 在…结束时;在…尽头;即可已指时间,也可以指地点。

39. both , all 在句中的位置和谓语动词连用时,应放在be动词的后面,助动词will , shall , 和情态动词must , can 等的后面,实义动词的前面。注意:在简略回答以及感叹句中,它们不能位于句尾,要放在be,助动词或情态动词之前。例如:Are you parents workers ? Yes , they both are . How busy they all are !

40. enough 的用法:

1)修饰形容词或副词时,必须位于其后,不能位于其前;

2)修饰名词时,一般位于其前,也可位于其后。例如:The question is easy enough . We have enough tickets

for all of you .

41.形容词修饰不定代词(something , anything , nothing , somebody , anybody , nobody „ )时,应放在后面。例如:nothing serious ; something wrong anyone else 等

42. nearly , almost 几乎

1)许多时候通用而没多大区别,通常almost 要比nearly 在程度上更为接近。

2)almost 可以修饰all , every , never , no , nothing , nobody , none这些表示全肯定或全否定的词,而nearly 不能。

43. it , one , that 均可代替上文提到的某物。it :代替上文提到的同一个东西即同名同物;one :代替上文提到的人或同类事物中的一个。One代替可数名词单数,复数形式为ones;that :代替与上文提到的在性质上相同的东西,一般为不可数名词。

如:I bought a pen yesterday , but I lost it this morning .

I have lost my pen , so I have to buy a new one .

The weather in Beijing is quite different from that in Shanghai .

44. 在类似interest , excite , surprise , please , disappoint 这类表示情感的词后面加ed ,表示人感到…;在词后加ing ,表示(事物或人)另人感到…。前者总是指人,后者大多指事物,有时也指人。如:We find Jack an ---------------------( interest ) man . She was -------------------( please ) at the ----------------------( please ) I found the story really -----------------------( interest )

45.介词after 有模仿,仿照之意,可用于动词之后,也可用于名词之后。

Please read after me . Make as many sentence as you can after the model .

That’s a grammar book after Bobbin .

46. sell , buy 可与介词短语for 连用,for 后面接价钱或消费数额。我们可以说sell something to somebody , sell somebody something 或者说buy something for somebody ,buy somebody something 另外sell out 有销售一空的意思。

47. carry 运载、搬运、提、扛、抱、抬。carry不强调方向,强调负重。而take,bring不具有负重含义。强调方向

48. cause 引起,可加名词或代词作宾语。可构成cause somebody to do something句型,意思是使某人做某事。

49. too , very , so + adj 表程度,但too 含有过分而不恰当之意

50. crowd 聚集,形容词是crowded,形容词的反义词是uncrowded . crowd round somebody 围在某人的周围。be crowded with = be full of

51. as …as one can = as …as possible 尽可能的,中间加形容词或副词的原级。

52. hurry off = go off in a hurry通常构成句型hurry off to do something

53. happen 主语经常是物,不能是人。经常构成句型something happen to somebody .

https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316521920.html,e to oneself 意思是苏醒恢复知觉。

55. rob用做及物动词,做抢劫剥夺解.rob的宾语不能是被抢的东西,而是被抢的人或场所。通常说:rob somebody of something 或rob a place ( a bank , a house , a shop ) of something 不能说rob something 而steal

表示偷,其宾语是被偷的东西,而不是人或场所。通常说steal something from somebody/place

1)set off 出发,也可说成start off , set off for a place 表示离开去某地。等同于leave for a place

2)lose one’s life = die .

56.英语中词的种类是非常重要的,有些词类是可以相互转换的。例如,形容词变副词;通常是在词尾加ly 。辅音加y结尾的要把y变i加ly .也有一些特殊情况例如:good---well lucky ---luckily careful ----- carefully ; polite ---- politely ; true ----- truly ; terrible ---- terribly

形容词用在名词前,修饰限定这个名词;形容词用在系动词后面,表状态;副词放在实意动词后;例如:a lucky man , an interesting boy , turn green , look young , is good , smell good , laugh happily , run slowly 。

56\cut短语:cut down 砍倒cut off切除cut out删除cut up切碎

57,maybe 与may be maybe做副词,意为“也许、可能”,在句中做状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首。Maybe she`ll come this afternoon .may be中,may是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,意为“也许是、可能是”。It may be in your pocket. He may be a soldier. Maybe和may be可相互转换。He may be in the office.=Maybe he is in the office.You may be right.=Maybe you are right.

58,be made of与be made from be made of“由…制成”,指从制成品上能够看出原材料,或制作过程中发生的是物理变化。This table is made of wood. Be made from“由…制成”,指从制成品上不能够看出原材料,或制作过程中发生的是化学变化。The paper is made from wood.(拓展)①be made in 意为“产于…”,后接表示地点的名词。This TV is made in Shanghai.②be made into意为“被制成为…”,This piece of wood will be made into a small bench.③be made up of意为“由…构成”,后跟组成部分。Water was made up of oxygrn and hydrogen.水是由氧气和氢构成。④be made by意为“由…制造”,后接动作的执行者。This machine is made by the workers in the factory.

59,voice,sound.noise voice一般指人的声音,说话、唱歌的声音。Voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外,很少表示动物的声音。The girl has a beautiful voice.sound泛指自然界的各种声音。Light travels much faster than sound. Noise意为“噪音、喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。Don`t make any noise.

60,lie与lay的区别 lie ①躺、位于…、在于…lie-lay-lain-lying②说谎 lie-lied-lied-lying,③n.谎言,tell a lie说谎;lay放、下蛋、产卵 lay-laid-laid-laying,

61,rise与raise :rise“升起、增加”,做不及物动词,主语常为物,The sun is rising.raise“升起、增加、募捐”,做及物动词,主语常为人,The girl raised the box to the truck.

62,see/hear sb doing与see sb do see/hear sb doing sth意为“看见/听到某人正在做某事”强调动作正在进行;We saw him crossing the road.我们看见他正在过马路。see/hear sb do sth意为“看到/听到某人做了某事”或“经常看到或听到某人做某事”强调动作的全过程,表示经常做或动作已经完成。We saw him cross the road.我们看见他过了马路。

63,get短语:get off意为下(汽车、火车、飞机等);get on意为“登上(汽车、火车等)“后面车、常跟较大的交通工具,反义词是get off;get into意为”进入(小汽车、出租车、电梯等)“,后常跟较小的交通工具,反义词是get out of;另有“陷入…”之意,get into trouble,get out of意为“从…出来、下来” She get out of the car and went into the hall.

64,have to与need :①have to强调客观上的需要;need强调主观上的必要性。②have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must无人称、数、时态的变化③它们的否定形式表示的意思不同,don`t have to表示“不必要,不需要”;mustn`t表示“禁止、不许可、不应该”。You don`t have to help him.你不需要帮助他。You mustn`t help him.你不准帮助他。

65、agree with/agree to/agree on:agree with后面接“人’或“意见”I agree with you我同意你的看法。Agree to后面接“计划、建议”Iagree to your plan.我同意你的计划。Agree on后面接“日期、条款。They agree on these iterms.他们同意了这些条款。

66、thanks to与thanks for:thanks to意为“由于、多亏、因为、幸亏”;thanks for意为“感谢你…”也可以用“thank you (very much/a lot) for”.

67.in time 与on time: in time及时on time意为“准时、不迟到、不早不晚”,指按计划做某事。

68、put on/wear/dress/be in :put on“穿(衣);带(帽),表动作,Put on your warm clothes.wear “穿(衣物)”及物动词,表状态The children are wearing nice clothes today.dress“(给…)穿衣服”,作及物动词,宾语只能为人。I dress him every morning.be in介词,“穿着”,后面接表衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词,表状态。Be in=be dressed in. The girl in red is his sister.

69.interested/tired/excited等ed形容词与interesting/tiring/exciting等ing形容词:ed形容词,意为“感到…的”,主语为人;ing形容词意为“令人…的”,作表语或定语,修饰物。如:He became interested in fishing.The catoon is very interesting.This is an interesting book.

70.because与because of:because of“因为”介词短语,后面接名词或代词。Because“因为”,连词,引导原因状语从句。如:I didn`t come to school because he was ill.He didn`t come to school because of illness.

71.put短语;put away将…收起来;put on穿上、上演;put down放下、记下;put off推迟;put out 熄灭、伸出;put back放回原处;put up张贴、搭建。

72、look like/be like/take after意为“像…”。Look like“看上去像”多指外貌;You look like my brother.你与我的弟弟长得像。Take after“像;与…相像”,指由于血缘关系而(在外貌、性格等方面)相似;相当于be similar to,其中after是介词,其后常跟名词或代词。Your daughter doesn`t take after you at all.be like意为“像…”,可指外貌,也可指性格。What is your sister like?你妹妹的性格怎样?

73、repair mend fix修理:repair比fix 或mend正式,常用来表示修补破损或有洞的东西。Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.mend着重指修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等。My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.fix侧重于“安装”,有时也用作“修理”,常用来修理机器、车辆等。The workers are fixing the machine.

74.Miss小姐,对未婚女士的称呼;Mr.先生,对男士的称呼;Mrs.夫人、太太,对已婚女士的称呼;Ms女士,对已婚或未婚女士的称呼。

75、open/turn on打开:open指将原来关着或合着的东西打开,不旋转,直接打开;turn on指转动或推上开关等打开,如水龙头、电器等。

76、carry,bring,take,fetch:carry不表示动作的方向,一般指随身携带,如“扛、提、运”等;bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方;take指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去;fetch指导别处去吧某人或某物带来或拿来,强调来回。She has gone to fetch water.他去打水了。

77、problem与question:problem指客观存在的等待解决的“问题”。着重困难。The students areworking on a math problem.question指对某事怀疑因而提出等待回答的“问题”,着重疑惑和不能断定。He students are asking the teacher some questions.

78.borrow,lend,keep: lend“借给;借出”,延续性动词。强调主语把自己的东西借出去。John lent his book to Mary last week.borrow“借进;借入”,非延续性动词。强调以主语为中心,主语从别人那里吧借来供自己使用。Mary borrowed the book from John last week. Keep“保持;保存”,延续性动词。Mary may keep the book for two week.

79.fall ill 与be ill:fall“生病”,指一时的动作,后面不能接延续性时间状语。He fell ill last week.be ill“生病”,指生病的状态,后面可以接一段时间状语。He has been ill for a week.

80.drop与fall:drop“下降、降落”,常作不及物动词,也可作及物动词;指物体由于重力从高处往下落。He dropped the cup.他吧杯子弄掉了。Fall“下降、落下”,只作不及物动词;指物体由于不明原因或物体本身失去平衡而向下降落,有自然下落的意思。Leaves fall in autumn.

81.sleep/go to sleep/go to bed/fall asleep: sleep“睡觉”,不及物动词,强调谁的全过程,为延续性动词She sleeps for just six hours.go to sleep“去睡觉;入睡”,强调动作。He went to sleep early,for he was very tired.go to bed“去睡觉”,表示上床去睡这个动作,与get up 相对。He often goes to bed at nine.fall asleep入睡,睡着。Finally he fell asleep at four a.m.

82.like与as:like“像…一样”,作介词,用于说明相似关系,指两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处。He works like a worker.他像工人一样工作。As“作为;看作”,作介词,用于说明同一关系,指身份、资格等。He works as a worker.他作为一名工人而工作。

83.older/elder:older年龄较大的,较老的,较旧的,可指人,也可指物。在句中可作定语,也可作表语。Elder年纪教长的,只可指人,用来比较年龄长幼,尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,只能作定语。My elder sister is three years older than I.我姐姐比我大三岁。

84、provide与offer: provide为做好准备而“提供;供给”,常用于provide sb with sth或provide sth for sb.结构。The school provided food for the students=The school provided the students with food.offer “愿意给予;主动提出”,常用于offer sb sth=offer sth to sb结构。She offered me a job.=She offered

a jo

b to me.

85.forget 与leave:forget“忘记”,指由于记忆上的忽略而忘记了某人或某事。I forgot her address.leave “遗留;落下”,指把某物忘在了某地。She left her keys in the room.

86、afraid短语:be afraid of sb/sth害怕某人或某物the boa is afraid of his mother/the dark.

那个男孩怕他妈妈/黑。Be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事,侧重主语“担心、害怕”某事发生。She is afraid of making mistakes/flying.她害怕犯错误/坐飞机。Be afraid to do sth“不敢或害怕做某事”侧重主语“不敢做某事”She is afraid to dive/fly.她不敢跳水/坐飞机。Be afraid +that-从句,“恐怕”,多用于客气的提出个人意见或看法。I`m afraid that I can`t go today.

87,but与 however: however比but转折意味弱,连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛,后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。However常以插入语形式出现在句子中,前后用逗号分开,也可置于句首或句末。He disagreed at first,however,he changed his mind later.but连接两个分句或有关部分,表示转折关系,使用最广,口语中更为常见。I`d love to go ,but I`m too busy.

88,compare短语: compare…with…“把…与…比较”常用于两个同类事物之间,着重区别。She compares me with my brother.她把我和我哥哥进行比较。compare…to…“把…比作…”,常用于两个不同性质的事物比较。We often compare children to flowers.我们常把孩子比作花朵。

89、push与pull:push推,指施加给某人或某物一个向前或向后的力,反义词是pull拉。Push the door open 推开门。Pull“拉、拖”,指用手把某物用力地向自己的方向拉开使其移动。Pull the box into the room.把箱子拖进房间。

90、join参加:join“参加、加入”,普通名词,指加入党派、团体、人群或游戏活动等,成为其中一员。He joined the Party at the age of 18.入党。Join in :join sb in表示“和某人一起做某事”;join in+某活动,表示“参加某活动”,相当于take part in .Won`t you join us in the party?你不愿同我们一起玩吗?take part in“参加”,侧重参加群众性、集体性活动并在其中起积极作用。Students took active part in the sports meeting.积极参加运动会。

90、allow sb to st h允许某人做某事;allow doing sth允许做某事。

91、continue/stop to do sth继续/停下来去做另一件事;continue doing sth继续/停止做同一件事。

92、either,also,too,as well“也”:either用于否定句,一般放在句末。I didn`t come to school yesterday,either.also一般用于肯定句和疑问句,常放在句中。She speaks English and she also writes English.她说英语,也写英语。Too一般用于肯定句和疑问句,常放在句末。Are you going to work, too?你也去上班吗?as well“也,还”,做副词,只用于疑问句或肯定句,常放在句末。Are they coming as well?他们也来吗?She speaks Japanese as well.她也说日语。As well as“既…又…;不仅…而且…”,作并列连词。She grows flowers as well as vegetables.她既种菜叶种花。

93、while与when:while“当…的时候,在…期间”,其谓语必须为延续性动词,常用于过去进行时态中。While he was walking in the park, the accident happened.when“当…的时候”,其谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可是非延续性动词。The sun was rising when we got to the top of the mountain.while与when 在过去进行时中位置可以转换,While John was playing the piano,Mary left the house.= John was playing the piano when Mary left the house.

94,try to do sth“努力去做;试图去做”,但不一定成功。Try doing sth“试着(用某种方法或手段)做某事。

95、sleepy, asleep,sleeping :sleepy“要睡的;困倦的;寂静的“,可作表语和定语。I feel sleepy. I`m going to bed.我感到困了,我要去睡觉了。Asleep”睡着“,常作表语He is(fall) asleep on the sofa.他在沙发上睡着了。Sleeping”睡着的“,作表语,还可表示与睡有关的东西如sleeping bag睡袋,sleeping car 卧铺车厢,sleeping pill安眠药。A young woman with a sleeping baby in her arms got on the bus.一个年轻的妇女,怀里抱着一个睡着的孩子,上了公共汽车。

96、表示天气的词:ice冰—icy结冰的;cloud云—cloudy多云的;snow雪—snowy下雪的;sun阳光—sunny 有阳光的;frost霜—frosty结霜的;rain雨—rainy下雨的;wind风—windy有风的;fog雾—foggy有雾的。

97、hard与hardly: hard作形容词,意为“难的;硬的”;做副词,意为“努力地;猛烈地”,hard work 艰难的工作。Work hard努力工作。Hardly副词,意为“几乎不”He hardly watches TV.他几乎不看电视。

98、only与alone“只有、仅仅”:alone要放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。She did the work for money alone.她做这份工作仅仅为了钱。Onl y要放在所修饰的名词或代词之前。Only he knows the truth.只有他知道真相。

99、shoot与shoot at:shoot意为“打死(某人或某物)”(强调结果)I`ll shoot anybody who moves.谁动我就打死谁。Shoot at意为“向(某人或某物)开火/射击”(强调动作)A hunter is shooting at a bird.猎人正在瞄准一只鸟射击。

100、只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词及短语:enjoy,keep,keep on,be busy doing,feel like doing,can`t help(stop) doing禁不住做某事,practice doing,mind doing,have fun doing,have difficulty(problem,trouble)doing,look foeward to doing,be used to doing,spend doing,allow doing,finish doing,like doing,consider doing ;succeed(in)doing;助记:“喜欢错过别介意,完成愉快勤练习,禁不住考虑想放弃”。

101,instead与instead of:instead“代替;反而;却”,做副词,修饰整个句子,位于句首或句末。I didn`t have breskfast so I ate an apple instead.吃个苹果来代替。Instead of“代替,而不是”,后面跟名词、代词或动名词Let`s play chess instead of watching TV.我们来下棋,不看电视了。

102、opinion与advice:opinion做可数名词,意为“意见、看法、观点”,指对某一事物的看法、意见You should ask the opinion of the doctor.你应当征求医生的意见。Advice作不可数名词,意为“忠告、意见、建议”,指提出善意的或建设性的忠告或意见;亦指向有经验的人征求意见。He gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.对于如何学习外语,他提出了一些建议。

103、out短语:go ou t出去;come out出来、发行、出版;run out用完;look ou t当心;give ou t分发,

104、sound等连系动词,其后通常跟形容词作表语。“一是一感一保持起来四个好像变了三”。“是”be;“感”feel;“保持”keep;“起来四”指look看起来 sound听起来 taste尝起来 smell闻起来;“好像”指seem;“变了三”是指get,turn,become.

104,whole与all:whole常修饰单数可数名词,位于冠词、单数物主代词或所有格之后。All the family/the whole family全家,the whole building was burning.整座楼都在燃烧。All修饰可数名词或复数名词,位于定冠词the、单数或复数物主代词或所有格之前。All the children所有的孩子

105、across,through,over,along: across意为“横过,穿过”,主要表示从某物的表面横过。He walked across the road carefully.他小心地走过马路。Through意为“横过,穿过”,表示从某个空间或内部穿过。He walked through the forest alone.他独自走过森林。Over意为“横过,穿过”,表示从某物上方穿过。The plane is flying over the forest,飞机正飞过森林。Along意为“沿着”,指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。I saw him running along the road.我看见他正沿着这条路跑。

106、what与how引导感叹句的类型:①what+a/an+adj+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)What an interesting book it is!②What+adj+复数名词/不可数名词+(主语+谓语)What beautiful flowerd they are!What fine weather it is today!今天天气多好啊!how:①How+adj/adv+主语+谓语.How careful she is!②How+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。How beautiful a girl she is!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!③How+主语+谓语How time flies!时光飞逝!

107、wake 与awake awake形容词,作表语,意思是“醒着的”Is he awake or asleep?他是醒着的还是睡着?wake动词,“醒;叫醒;唤醒”,常与副词up连用。What time do you usually wake(up)?.

108,die from与die of die from“因…而死”;其宾语表示死亡的原因,当因病而死时,可与die of通用;具体使用时常用于由于外部创伤或间接地原因致死,如由于衰弱、饮食过度、劳累或不明原因致死。He died from an accident/a wound/disease/overwork/polluted air.他死于事故、受伤、疾病、过度劳累、污染的空气。Die of“因…而死”;其宾语表示死亡的原因,当因病而死时,可与die from通用;具体使用时die of 一般用于害病,疲劳,寒冷,饥饿,年老,失望,悲伤等感情原因等造成死亡。He died of fear/disappointment/disease/old age/hunger/cold.他死于恐惧、失望、疾病、年老、饥饿、寒冷。

109、big/large与huge big“大的“,指具体事务,多指体积、重量之大,还可表示”巨大、伟大、重要“等意思。Big box;big man大人物。Large”大的“,多指面积之大。有广阔和众多的含义。China is a large country.中国是个大国。Huge“巨大的”,强调体型而非重量。A large animal巨大的动物。

110、fill与full full形容词,“满的”,与of组成be full of短语,后跟名词,侧重于状态。The classroom is full of students.挤满了学生。Fill不及物动词“装满”,常与with连用,be filled with意为“用…装

满/充满”;fill…with…意为“将/使…装满/ 充满…”。侧重于动作和装的东西。The basket is filled with apples by the old man.篮子被这位老人装满了苹果。He filled the glass with water.她将玻璃杯盛满水。

111、lost与missing lost指“(永远)遗失的”;“失而找不到的”;“迷路的”the lost ring一时的戒指the lost child迷路的小孩。missing指“(暂时性)不见了的“;”应有而缺少的“。The book had two pages missing/two missing pages.那本书缺两页。

112、cut短语:cut sb sth=cut sth for sb为某人切某物;cut sth into sth把某物切成某物Cut the meat into small pieces. 把肉切成小片。Cut in插入、插话、插队、超车Don`t cue in when others are talking.别人说话时别插话。He cut in at the head of the line.他在队伍的前面插队。Cut off切除、切断、隔断、断绝The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the world.洪水切断了村民们与外界的联系。Cut up 切碎Cut the meat up.把肉切碎。

113、learn短语:learn to do sth学习做某事;learn from向…学习learn by oneself自学learn of/about 得知;获悉、了解。She learns about his plan.她获悉了他的计划。

114、how疑问词短语:how soon用于提问“in+短时间“;how often用于提问频率how long用于提问“for+短时间”;how much用于提问“数量(不可数名词)、价格”;how much表用于表达一种程度:You`ll come to realize how much your parents have done for you.你会逐渐意识到父母为你付出了多少。You never hnow how much I miss you.你永远不知道我是多么的想你。how mang用于提问可数名词的”多少“;how heavy提问“多重”;how far提问“距离”。

115、other 的用法:one…the other用于两个之间,意为“一个…另一个…“。He has two sons.One is a doctor,and thr other is a student.some…the others用于三者或三者以上,意为”一些…其余的…“。Boys are on the playground.Some are playing basketball,the others are playing football.others用作代词,泛指其他的人或物,some…others…意为“有的…有的…”another意为“另一个”,泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,后接单数名词,也儿科用作代词;the others特指在一个整体中的其他的人或物,相当于the other+复数名词;other只作定语,常与复数名词连用,相当于others.

116、all of与none of都用于三者或三者以上。All of用于肯定句,“所有的人(或物)都…”,做主语时,谓语动词用复数。两个都是both;none of用于否定句,“所有的人(物)都不…”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。两个都不用neither谓语动词用单数。None of these cars is/are new.这些车没有一辆是新的。Neither of the cars is new.两辆车都不是新的。

117、such as与for example :such as用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或物,其之前一般用逗号和主句隔开,之后没有逗号,直接加名词或名词性短语。I have lots of friends,such as A,B and C.for example是列举整体中的一个,在句子中多用作插入语,位置可以在句首、句中或句末,用逗号与主句隔开,之后也有逗号。Noise,for example,is a kind of pollution as well,噪音,打个比方,也是一种污染。

118、search research search for :research作不及物动词时,意为“作学术研究,调查、探究”,常与接触in/on/into连用。He is researching into the causesof cancer.他正在研究癌症的起因。Search为及物动词,后接搜寻的地点或三天后时,是指:扫查某处或某物”,后面跟sb时,是指“搜某人的身”。He searched his pockets,but found nothing.他搜遍了自己的全身,但什么也没有找到。Search fo r后ie搜寻的东西,search sb/sp for则指“搜查某人或某地以寻找…”。We are the way searching for the truth.我们在探求真理的路上。We searched the whole forest for the girl.我们搜遍了整个森林找那个女孩。

119、hundred thousand million等词的用法:模糊数字两有(有s,有 of),具体数字两无(无s,无of).

120、hope与wish hope to do sth希望做某事;hope+tha t从句,表示可以实现或能达到的“希望”。We hope that we can see you again.①wish to do sth;②wish sb to do st h希望某人做某事;③wish+that从句,表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”。I wish I could fly like a bird.④表示良好的“祝愿”,后接“宾语+宾补(形容词或名词)”。I wish yo happy. I wish you a pleasant journey.祝你旅途愉快。

121、since yu for: since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句(过去时);也可以接“一段时间+ago”,常用于完成时态;还用于句型“It`s +时间段+since+一般过去时的句子。“表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。FOR其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语,可用于多种时态。“表示动作或状态持续的时间长短。He has lived here for 14 years.= He has lived here since he moved here.= He has lived here

since 14years ago.= He has lived here since 2000.=It`s 14 years since he moved here.

122,not…anymore(any more)/no more与not…any longer/no longer : not…anymore(any more)/no more 表示次数上的“不再”,常修饰非延续性动词,多用于将来时态,有时也用于过去时态。Please don`t go there any more.请别再去那里了。not…any longer/no longer表示时间上的“不再”,常修饰延续性动词。We are no longer young.=We are not young ang longer.

123,care for 与care about :care about关心、计较、在乎,一般多用于否定句中。Care for关心、照料、喜欢、愿意。He doesn`t care about his clothes,I don`t care for movies.

124,one,that,it的区别:一、it代替前面的事物本身。它可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时,复数形式为they/ them.没有增加语义,所以不能带有任何定语。Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose it .

二、 one 可以代替与前面同类不同一的事物;可以代替某类事物中的任何一个;可以做同位语,重复指代前面的事物,其后有定语从句用以进一步说明前面的名词。

one只能代替可数名词,其复数形式是ones. one可以根据语义在它的前面或后面加上一些定语。

one前面不能直接加不定冠词(a / an)或物主代词,one前已经有形容词时,则可以加不定冠词或物主代词;one前加the与否,取决于是否特指,如果特指就加the。Do you haven`t an English-Chinese dictionary? --- Yes, I have one.

三、 that 代替与前面同类不同一的事物。它可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时,复数形式为those。that可以根据语义在它的后面加上一些定语,多数是of短语;它的前面不能存在任何定语。The language used in advertisements differs from that used in ordinary readings. The colour of his jacket is better than that of mine. The environment in this faraway town is as pleasant as that in the coastal city.

初中英语 常用同义词辨析(31)

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Heisbusydoinghishomework.=Heisbusywithhis homework. 10.bepleased=beglad=behappy Thecoachwaspleasedwiththeirperformance.=The coachwasgladwiththeirperformance.=Thecoachwas happywiththeirpe rformance. 11.buysb.Sth.=buysth.for sb Mymotherbuysmeabook.=Mymotherbuysabookfor me. 12.beup=getup Beup,Tom!=Getup,Tom. 13.catchupwith=keepupwith Icancatchupwithothers.=Icankeepupwithothers. 14.catchabus=takeabus CanIcatchabus?/CanItakeabus? 15.catchacold=haveacold Oh,no!You’vecaughtacold.=Oh,no!You’vehada cold. https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316521920.html,einto=stepinto Hecameintotheclassroom.=Hesteppedintothe classroom

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初中英语同义词辨析

.初中英语同义词辨析

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关于这一点,她什么也没有对我讲。 *speak 当及物动词用时,宾语一般是语言或词语之类的词。如: does anyone speak english here? 这儿有人会说英语吗? 2、good well nice good 形容词,好的,合适的,新鲜的,擅长的。 well 作形容词时,指"(身体)健康的”;还可用作副词,修饰动词。nice形容词,美好的,令人愉快的,可爱的,特指取悦感官的事物。she is good at english.她擅长英语。 this cake tastes good.这蛋糕好吃。 his mother is very well.他妈妈很健康。 she is a nice little girl.她是个可爱的小姑娘。 3、look see watch read 看 look通常为不及物动词,强调“看”的动作,指“认真看”,强调看的对象时,后须接介词at才能带宾语,即look at。 see是及物动词侧重于看的结果“看见,看到” watch 作动词,意为“观看,注视”,多指观看运动着的事物,如电视、比赛、表演等。 read 主要强调“读,阅读,朗读”,汉语中常译成“看”,多指看书、报、杂志。 look!the man is coming!看!那个男的来了。 look at the map .看这张地图。 can you see the dog over there?你能看见那儿的狗吗?

初中英语近义词辨析专项练习题

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2 Please _______ the blackboard, can you ___ anything? 3 She doesn’t like ____ TV,but she likes _____ football game. .sound listen to hear sound 听起来(系动词,接形容词作表语) listen to 听强调听的动作与方向 hear 听见强调听的结果 1 ____ the radio, it says the flood is coming soon. 2 I can’t ____ you , because there’s something wrong with my ears. 3 What you said ____ interesting. .hear from hear of hear from 收到…的来信 hear of 听说…的消息 1 After ____ her sister, she read and soon wrote back. 2 Have you _____ the place called Shenglong? .receive accept

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