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实用英语语音

实用英语语音
实用英语语音

实用英语语音

I. 音节:

英语单词是由字母组成的。字母构成音节。有的词只包含一个音节,有的词包含两个、三个或更多的音节,分别称为单音节词、双音节词和多音节词。

单音节词单独存在的时候,一般都是重读的。双音节词和多音节词一般只有一个音节重读的,多音节词除重读音节之外,有时候还有一个次重读音节。

音节的核心是元音,由一个或几个元音字母代表。少数辅音字母,如l、n 可以构成非重读音节。一个音节里可以只有一个元音字母而没有其他的字母,如I、a。元音字母或字母组合的前面或后面可以有一个或几个辅音字母,或前后都有辅音字母。如we、she、at、ask、box、them、desk。

注:

1.元音字母a、e、i、o、u。

2.音节还可以通过元音音素来划分。

3.辅音单独不能构成音节,但辅音中的响音[ l ] [ m ] [ n ] [ ]在词尾和另一辅音中的爆破音或摩擦音相结合,可构成音节。这种响音叫“成音节”。成音节常位于词尾,非重读音节。

1. 开音节:

1.以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节,称为开音节或称绝对开音节。这个元音字母读它名称音(也就是它在字母表中的读音),既所谓“长音”。

Eg: be no table student

2.包含一个元音字母的重读音节中,在元音字母后面有一个辅音字母(r除外),还有一个不发音的字母e,这种重读音节叫相对开音节。这个元音也叫“长音”。

Eg: name these bike rose tube

2.闭音节:

包括一个元音字母,而以辅音字母(r,w去外)为结尾的重读音节,称为闭音节。这种音节中的元音字母读它的“短音”,即a 读[ ] ,e读[ e ] ,i或y读[ i ] ,o读[ ] ,u读[ ] 。

3.r音节:

元音字母与辅音字母r结合构成的音节。Eg: car, term, first, sport, nurse

4.音节的划分:

音节的划分对判断单词读音以及书写移动等都很重要。一般情况可用一句话来帮助记忆:“一归后,二分手。”

1)音节间只有一个辅音字母(或组合)时,常可归入后一音节。但常有例外,还应

借助读音或多查词典来判定。

Eg: further (fur-ther) pardon (par-don) student (stu-dent)

但: seven (sev-en) manage (man-age) study (stud-y)

2)音节间有两个辅音字母,则一个归前,一个归后,但不要将字母组合拆开;词缀

也要与原词分开划音节。

Eg: apple (ap-ple) letter (let-ter) mirror (mir-ror) father (fa-ther)

teacher (teach-er) whenever (when-ev-er) neighbour (neigh-bour)

address (ad-dress) Atlantic (At-lan-tic)

3)注意移行:

①要按音节移,连字符“-”位于行末(eg: picture)

②单个字母的音节不能单独留在上行,(eg: unit)或单独移至下行首(eg:city)

③有连字符的在连字符处断开(eg: picture-book)

III.单词重音:

英语的双音节词或多音节词中,有一个读得特别响亮的音节,叫做重读音节。其他不特别响亮的音节叫做非重读音节。

1.重读音节:

双音节词和多音节词的重音或是在第一个音节上或是在其他任何一个音节上。Eg: Sunday [ ] because [ ]

多音节词,有时除了重读音节外,还有一个次重读音节。Eg: supermarket[ ]

除了一些复合词外,一般说来,每一个词只有一个重读音节,重读音节,重读音节用重音符号“’”来表示。

2.非重读音节:

在双音节词或多音节词中,重读音节之外的音节称为非重读音节。

字母a, o, u在非重读音节中一般读[ ]或[ i ]。

Eg: a-bout Eng-land to-day vil-lage

字母e, i, y在非重读音节中一般读[ ]或[ i ]或不发音。

Eg: e-le-ven be-gin bas-ket mu-sic of-fice ti-dy

3.单词的重读:

单音节词单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。例如:

bag [b?] book [buk] club [kl b]

bird [b:d] snail [ sne l]

fish [f]

pitch [p] fridge [fr d] school [sku:l]

双音节词双音节词通常第一个音节重读。例如:

borrow → bor-row letter → let-ter daughter → daugh-ter window → win-dow toilet → toi-let manage → man-age student → stu-dent teache r → teach-er level → lev-el

注: teacher 一词中的 ch 划分到前一个音节中,主要是为了保留主干词 teach 的完整性。

双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节(规则编号0-06a)

student 学生China 中国second 秒autumn 秋天stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn

多音节词多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节上重读。在多音节单词中有时还要使用次重读符号“” ,用来说明其中的元字组要按重读音节中的读音规则发音。例如:

barbecue e conomy ca pacity possi bility integrate chry santhemum uni versity oppor tunity mo notonous cinema IV.句子重音和语调:

在一个句子中,常常只有一部分单词是重读的,其余的虽然在单独读时有重音,但在句子中却不重读,这种现象叫句子重音。

1.十种词类中,名词、动词(助动词和be动词有时例外)形容词、副词、数词、感叹词一般要重读,而代词(指示代词、疑问代词例外)、介词、冠词、连接词

一般都不重读。句子重音用重音符号“’”表示,打在重读音节的左上方。升

调或降调用语调符号“↗”“↘”表示,它后面的音节既是重读音节,又是语调

升降的地方,不另打重音符号。

Eg: ′This is a ↘jeep. It’s ↘green.

′What’s in the ↘picture? ′How ↘old are you?

I’m ′thir↘teen. We ′like ↘maths.

We ′work ′hard for the ↘people. ′Sit ↘down.

He’s ′good at ′maths and ↘English.

Is he ′good at ↗maths or ↘English.

2.动词be的各种形式,即使是作为主要动词,一般也不重读,但如果出现在词尾,一般要重读。

′This is a ↘pencil. Is ′that a ′new ↗book? ↘Yes, it ↘is.

There are ′four ′weeks in a ↘month.

3.动词be和not相结合的时候,如isn’t和aren’t要重读。

′This ′isn’t ↘my book. They ′aren’t in ′Grade ↘One.

4.单音节的介词一般不重读,双音节的介词一般要重读。

The ′book is on the ↘desk.

The ′chair is beside the ↘desk.

The ′old ′man is ′looking ′after the ↘ducks.

5.在上句中使用过的一个词,在下一句紧接着再度出现,这个词往往不再重读。

A: ′How many ′minutes are there in an ↘hour?

B: There are ↘sixty minutes in an hour.

A: Is there a ′young ′woman in the ↗picture?

B: ↘Yes, there ↘is.

A: ↘Where is the young woman?

6.如果为了对照而强调句中某一个单词,这个单词要特别重读,而句中其余单词的重音减弱或失去重音。

1)′Look at the ′young ↘man.

2)Look at the ↘young man.

分析:第1)句没有特别强调任何一个词,因此使用的是一般的句子重音。

第2)句有“看那个年轻人,而不要看那个老年人”的意思。由于特别强调young这个词,所以look和man

都失去了重音。

多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节上重读。(规则编号0-07a)

ability America capital con-grat-u la-tion development el-e-phant environment parameter 参(变)量pedestrian 行人 peninsula 半岛

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英语语音语调作业

1.For English phonemes, how many consonants are there? And how many vowels? What are pure vowels? Speech sounds are generally divided into vowels and consonants.There are twenty-one letters of consonants and twenty-four consonant phonemes.Meanwhile,There are five letters of vowels and twenty vowels phonemes A monophthong is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation. 2.How can people articulate sounds like /?/, /?/, /t?/, /d?/? Is there any difference among them? What about /k/, /g/, and /?/? Both /?/ and /?/ are fricatives.Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.So they are sounds very short.But / T?/ and / D?/ belong to affricates.It means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence. /n/’s manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose. /g/’s manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a stop. The different from /n/ and /?/ is that /?/ is a velar nasal,but /n/ is a alveolar nasal.Actually it’s position is same to /g/.When you pronunce /?/ ,you have to be clear and forceful 3.please write down 8 words containing 8 different diphthongs. 1.House 2.dear, 3.play, 4.Grow 5.oil, 6.There 7.File 8.Great [e] is a dorsal vowel and pure vowels.When you pronunce [e ],your tongue should be placed in the middle of the oral cavity.The tip of your tpngue should rest light against the back of yur loxer front teeth. [ei] is a diphthong from [e] to [i],besides,it also is a long vowel.[ei] is read the letter A‘s pronunciation.The first element of the sound is the same as [e] and the only difference between the two is that in the pronunciation of [e],you have to stick to your tongue position throughout,while in the pronunciation of [ei],you have to change your tongue position to [i],making it a diphthong.

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Chapter 3 Liaison If we want to speak English fluently, we must try to avoid pronouncing each word as if it were isolated. We must try to link words together smoothly and naturally. In English one word is not separated from another by pausing or hesitating; the end of one word flows straight on to the beginning of the next, e.g. First of all /'f?:st??v ? '?:l/ Some of us /'sΛm??v??s/ The linking of words in connected speech may be divided into the following types: 1)when the final sound of the word before is a consonant you must link the final consonant to the initial vowel sound of the next word. It will help if you treat the final consonant as if it were transferred to the next words. Examples: put it on /'puti't? n/ look at it /'luk?tit/ think of it /'θi?k?vit / 2)When the final sound of the word before is a vowel you must link the vowel sound to the initial vowel should of the next word. Here a short and gentle /j/ or /w/ is used. a)after /i:/, /i/ and the diphthongs(双元音) /ei, ai, ? i/,which end in /i/,we can use a very gentle /j/ as the link. Examples: the other /ei?j?'Λe?/ he is my uncle. /hi:?j? iz mai?j?'Λ?kl/ she ate some./? i:?j??t s?m/ However, we do distinguish between “my ears” and “my years”, etc. “years”/ji?z/ has a longer and stronger/j/ than the shorter and gentle link /j/ before “ears”. b)After /u:/, /u/ and the diphthongs /?u, au/, which end in /u/, we can use a gentle /w/ as the link. Examples: two others /'tu:?w?'Λe?z/ do it /'du: ?w?it/ how old /'hau?w?'?uld/ Again we distinguish between “two-eyed” and “too wide”: /'tu:?w?'aid/, /'tu:'waid/ 3)When a word ending with “r” or “re” goes before a word beginning with a vowel sound /r/ is usually pronounced as a link.

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英语论文之英语发音困难音:/l/音和/n/音的研究 英语发音困难音:/l/音和/n/音的研究曹敏青岛农业大学山东青岛 266109 摘要:对于英语中的两个音/l/音和/n/音,本文就英语/l/的发音及其与汉语/l/音的比较、英语/n/的发音及其与汉语/n/音的比较,以及汉语/l/音与/n/音的混淆及其对英语发音的影响三方面进行阐述比较,希望对英语语音教学起到一定积极作用。关键词:/l/音 /n/音发音比较在英语发音教学中,/l/音和/n/音是两个困难音。/l/音和/n/音在中国不同地区的方言中经常被混淆(特别是南方),英语中两个音的发音与汉语中相对应的发音也存在很大不同,给英语语音教学带来难度。在发音过程中,这两个音是每个学生都面临的挑战,从事英语语音教学的老师应该予以注意。1 英语/l/的发音,及其与汉语/l/音的比较1.1英语/l/的发音在英语发音中,/l/音被称为边音,因为在发音时舌尖要顶在上牙齿的后面即上齿龈处,舌头的两边下降,以使气流通过。气流通过时无阻碍,边音/l/属于辅音。英语发音中,/l/音被分为两个音,即:清晰音/l/和模糊音/l/。清晰音发音时,舌尖顶在上牙齿的后面,硬腭处相对应的舌前部上抬,至短元音/i/的位置,气流从舌两边送出。清晰音/l/只在英音发音中出现,美语发音不存在这个音。而且该音在英音发音中只出现于元音前,如“late”,或半元音前,如/j/。模糊音/l/发

音时,舌尖顶在上牙齿的后面,舌前部下降,舌后部上抬至短元音/u/的位置,气流从舌两边送出。在英音发音中,该音出现在辅音前,如field,或音节末,如fill。美语发音中所有的/l/音都为模糊音。1.2与汉语/l/发音的比较汉语中的/l/音只出现于音节开始位置,如“亮liang”,不会像英语发音一样出现于音节末,如“little”。因为中国的学生没有在词末发/l/音的习惯,所以通常会以其他音取代/l/音,如把“little”发成类似汉语拼音“leitou(r)”的音。笔者在英语教学中发现,因与母语发音习惯相关,这样的错音比较难纠正。在发音教学中应该要求学生发音时,舌尖一定要接触到上齿龈处,不可离开,也不可向后卷发卷舌音。汉语中的/l/音,相对来说,会更像清晰音/l/,与模糊音/l/没有相似之处。1.3发音技巧若将此音发对,首先要考虑的是发音时找准舌尖的位置,发成清晰音或是模糊音是次要考虑的问题。怎样在汉语发音基础上把此音发对呢?汉语拼音中发/l/的单音时,舌尖先与上齿龈处接触,后又分开,气流主要不是由舌两边发出,而是沿着舌中,向外发出。声音似汉字“了”的发音。发英语音标/l/时,可以取与汉语拼音/l/相同的舌位,只是要注意舌尖保持与上齿龈的接触,不可分开,气流由舌两边发出。如此发音,基本上可以找准发音位置,特别是舌尖的位置。若要准确地发出清晰音或模糊音,要在此基础上参看上述的相对发音舌位,找准舌后部上抬的位置,反复练习揣摩。有的学者指出,/l/在元音后可以发成类似汉语拼音“ou”或汉

初中英语语音的知识点

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b.特殊问句,如:How are you? c.祈使句,如:Come in! d.感叹句,如:What a hot day! 2.升调,由于一般疑问句,如:Have you finished your homework? 3.先升后降,由于选择问句,如:Are you a student or a teacher? 4.先降后升,用于反意疑问句,如:He won't come home for lunch, will he? 英语语音导论 A 1. 学习语音的意义 2. 发音器官说明 3. 英语元音和辅音的特点: 4. 学习英语元音和辅音的方法: 5. 音素、音标、字母、读音规则: 6. 学习语音应该注意什么: A1. 学习语音的意义: 语言首先是以声音来作为交流思想的工具。对于汉语来说,我们学习的时候往 往先从拼音字母的语音开始,学习一种外语也同样应该从语音着手。学习语音是学习外语的基础。 在英语中,语音和语法、构词法、拼法都有关系。很好地掌握语音不但有利于 正确地从声音方面表达意思,而且对语法和词汇的学习也有帮助。可以这么说,要将一种语言真正学得比较巩固,必须有声地来掌握该种语言,因此,就首先应该掌握语音。 此外,语音的每个音素都有区别的作用,发音上的错误也会引起意义上的误 解,如leave [li:v] 是“离开”的意思,live [liv] 是“住”、“生活”的意

英语语音教程(整理版)

1 音节(Syllables ) 英语中一个元音构成一个音节,一个元音加上一个或一个以上的辅音也只构成一个音节。 如:I /ai/ , it /it/, ,bite /bait/, thrift/ θrift / 2 重读音节Stressed syllables 单音节词都有一个重读音节,但不标出重音符号。 双音节或多音节词有一个音节的元音比其它音节的元音长而响亮,这个长而响亮的音节称为重读音节.有些多音节词中除了主重音(Primary Stress),还可以有次重音(Secondary Stress)。重音符号表在重读音节的左上角,次重音符号标在左下角。 3.元音字母在重读开音节和重读闭音节中读法: (1)、开音节:有两种开音节。一种叫做绝对开音节,就是元音字母后没有辅音字母,例如no,me.另一种叫做相对开音节,就是在元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)还有一个无声的字母e,note use face等,在重读开音节中元音字母都读他们字母表的音 (2)闭音节:元音字母后面有辅音字母(r除外)时,这个元音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节。 bad lamp thank yes sit hot mother sun (3)-r音节: 元音字母与辅音字母-r结合,构ar, or, ir, er, ur音节。 car horse girl her nurse (4)-re:元音字母与-re结合,构成are ere ire ore ure音节。 are读作/??/ care dare ere读作/??/, /??/ here there ire读作/a??/ fire tire(疲倦) ore读作/?:/ more wore ure读作/j??/ pure(纯碎) cure(医治) 4 英语单词重音可遵循以下规律: 1 )双音节词作为名词,重音在第一个音节;作为动词,重音在第二个音节。 ?名词动词 'Record ['rek??d] re'cord[ri'k?:d] 'Object ['?bd?ikt] ob'ject [?b'd?ekt] 2) 复合名词重音一般在第一个音节上 'Blackboard 'Handbag 'Bookstore 'classroom 复合动词重音一般在第二个音节上 Short'change ill-'treat 3 )有些复合词有双重重音 'Arm'chair 'kind'hearted 'four-'footed 'Second-'handed 4 )少数复合词重音在第二音节 What'ever who'ever your'self through'out

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