中文2415字
The Construction of The location Model of Logistics Distribution Center under the Electronic Commerce Environment
Shu Wang, Xiao mei Zhang
（From：College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030,China）
Abstract: Although the logistics distribution center under the E-Commerce Environment grows out of the development and maturity of the traditional logistics distribution center. However, the location selection of Logistics distribution center under the E-Commerce Environment makes a natural distinction with the Address-Select of the traditional logistics distribution center. Applying the common location model of logistics distribution center to the environment of E-Business does not work. Therefore, in this text, we analyze the feature of logistics distribution center under the E-Commerce Environment and primary factors which will affect the Location-Select, with regard to the problems exist in the common Address-Select methods of logistics distribution and the specificity of logistics distribution center Location-Select in the environment of E-Commerce Construct logistics distribution center Location-Select model which is suitable under the E-Commerce Environment Keywords: E-Commerce, logistics distribution, distribution center Location-Select
1. INTRODUCTION
Logistics distribution center Location-Select under the E-Commerce Environment means making an optimization of crucial nodes in the logistics network system, such as the quantity ,location, size of storage, sell, distribution DCS network node and so on, to achieve the optimization on the efficiency of the whole logistics network system. Logistics distribution center plays a leader role in the logistics network system. It attaches the suppliers and the customers, impacts the cost of the every economic activity and simultaneously makes an impact on the running and development of the distribution center. The logistics distribution center Location-Select must get the certification of external conditions, receive the
.
prediction of internal business amount, and finish the address selection, as Figure1 displays. Logistics distribution center Location-Select is very important, and how to choose the logistics distribution center reasonably will be the key problem of the development of the logistics enterprise under the E-Commerce Environment
2. THE FEATURE OF LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER UNDER THE E-COMMERCE
ENVIRONMENT AND PRIMARY FACTORS WHICH WILL AFFECT THE LOCATION-SELECT
2.1The feature of logistics distribution center under the e-commerce environment
With the development of the internet and modern information technology, E-Commerce gradually becomes the most competitive business mode in the 21st century. Its operating concept and mode is distinctly different
from traditional business model, so logistics distribution center is different from traditional model to some extent. The main differences display as Table 1.
Table 1 The main differences between logistics distribution center under the
From Table1, compared to the traditional distribution center, the development proposes the more strict demand: only faster distribution rate and better distribution quality can make us keep pace with the trends of E-business and improve the satisfaction of users and the competitiveness capacity of the enterprise. It is very important to choose the right distribution center.
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2.2 The primary factors which will affect the location-select under e-commerce environment.
To choose distribution center under E-commerce environment properly, we should consider the market, money, natural environment, economic environment, invest environment and other factors which are related to
affect distribution. According to the conclusion based on a lot of research in this area, the factors which we must mainly consider when we select logistics distribution center are as follow:
Table 2 The primary factors which should affect the location-select in the environment of e-business
3. THE PROBLEMS EXIST IN THE COMMON LOCATION-
SELECT AND THE METHODS OFLOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION
3.1 Unary node location-selection
focus method Unary node location-selection means only set one logistics facilities arrangement. The focus method regards the requirement point and the resources point as a logistics system which is located in the range of a plane, the requirement quantity and the resource quantity as the weight of the objects, object system focus as the best set point of logistics network node. It solves object system focus to fix the location of the logistics network node. Mathematical model is:
2
3
111
1
n
n
j j j
j j
j j n
n j j j
j j j j x c w x c w
y c w y c w ======∑∑∑∑
3.2 The mixed integer planning method of the network node to be elected Aiming at social economic benefit, Logistics network node arrangement considers the situations of materials demands, transport conditions, natural environment with a systemic method comprehensively, design
and research on the amount, location, size, supply area of logistics network node, and establish a high efficiency logistics network system. The mathematical model of logistics network node arrangement is:
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q
q
m
n
m
n
m
ik ik kj kj ij ij k k k ik i k k j i j k i MinF c x c y c z F w c x ++++========??
= ??
?∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑
Constraint equation is:
1
1
q n
ik ij
i k j x z
a +==≤∑∑ i=1,2,…….,m
1
1
q m
kj ij
j k i y z
b +==≥∑∑ j=1,2,……..,n
11
m n
ik ij
i j x y
+==∑∑ k=1,2,……..,q
1
0m
i k k i x
M w -
=≤∑ k=1,2,……..,q
,,0ik kj ij x y z ≥
3.3 Multiple network node address-selections: CFLP method
CFLP(capacity facility location problem) method proposes to solve the situation of
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the limit of the network node to be elected. This method fixes the market share and distribution area center with the transport planning
method, and fixes the network location with integer planning method. Its mathematical model is:
kj kj i i k
j
i
MinF c y F w =+∑∑∑
Constraint equation is:
kj
j k
y
b ≤∑ j=1,2,………n kj
k k j
y
d w ≤∑ k=1,2,………m
k
k
w
E ≤∑
,0kj k y w ≥
5
4. THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION-SELECT MODEL
UNDER
THE
E-COMMERCE
ENVIRONMENT
Suppose there are” m” resource spots which supply services to distribution center, “n” users which receive the service of the distribution center, ”p” candidate distribution centers. Among them, resource and num of the users are fixed, besides the users’ location. Then the commodity demand and flowing situation form the network structure of whole logistics network system .The model is as follow:
1111
1
11
11
m n m m m
ij ij i i ki ki i ki i j i k i k i MinZ c x f y h w u w ========+++∑∑∑∑∑∑∑
Constraint equation is:
1m
ij j i X
a ≥
=∑ j=1,2,………n(1-2)
1
1
ki i i k w
b y ≤
=∑ i=1,2,……..m(1-3)
1m
i i y
p ≤
=∑ (1-4)
1
1
1
n ij ki
j k x w
=
==∑∑ i=1,2,…….m(1-5)
1
m
ki k i w
c ≤
=∑ k=1,2,………l(1-6)
ij jk k t T f +≤ i=1,2,….m, j=1,2,….n, k=1,2,……l(1-7) 0,0ij kj X w ≥≥i=1,2,….m j=1,2,….n k=1,2,…..l(1-8)
i y 为0-1变量（1-9）
In the sub report, ij X is the transportation amount between distribution center “i” and user “j”, ki w is the transportation amount between factory “k” and distribution c enter “i”, ij C is the transportation price between distribution center “i” and user “j”, ki h is the transportation price between factory “k” and distribution center “i”, i u is the commodity flow price of distribution center i f is the fix fees for the operating of distribution center “i”, ij t is the transportation time between factory “i” and distribution center “j”, jk T is the transportation time between distribution center “j” user “k”, k f is the limitation of distribution time by user “k”, j a is the demand of user “j”, i b is the capacity of the distribution center “i”, k c is the supply amount of factory “k”, m is the num of candidate distribution center, n is the num of users, p is the largest num of distribution center which can be chose, l is the num of factory. Constraints condition (1—2) shows that the distribution center can meet the users’ need, Constraints condition (1—3) shows that the purchase should be less than the capacity of the distribution center “i”,Constraints condition (1—4) shows that the num of distribution center we choose should be less than “p”, Constraints condition (1—5) shows that the purchase of the distribution center equal to the sell , Constraints condition (1—6) shows that the commodity factory send to the distribution center should be in the product ability, Constraints condition (1—7) shows that the transportation time summation from factory to distribution center and from distribution center to factory should be no more than the time limitation of the distribution by the users.
5. CONCLUSION
Under the E-Commerce environment, choosing the reasonable distribution center location is prerequisite of constructing high efficient Distribution system, reducing the cost of distribution, improving the rate of delivering goods and ensuring the quality of service. This text does not only analyze the features and the Influencing factors of the logistics distribution center location-selection under E-commerce environment, but also make more analysis on the traditional location-selection model of logistics distribution center, point out the existing problems in it, amend the model appropriately according to the actual situation, and thereby construct the distribution model adjusting to the development of E-commerce to adapt the reality of
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E-commerce, and relieve the bottleneck of logistics.
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电子商务环境下的物流配送中心选址模型的构建摘要：尽管物流配送中心在电子商务环境下得到增长，传统的物流配送中心也发展和成熟。然而，在电子商务环境下物流配送中心的选址与传统的物流配送中心的地址选择有着本质的区别。应用物流配送中心在电子商务环境的共同位置模式是行不通的。因此，在这段文字中，我们分析一下电子商务环境会影响位置选择的主要因素的物流配送中心的功能方面的问题，存在着共同的地址选择的方法，物流配送和特异性选择在电子商务环境下建设物流配送中心的位置选择的模式，适合电子商务环境下物流配送中心的位置。
关键词：电子商贸，物流配送，配送中心位置的选择
1．引言
电子商务环境下的物流配送中心位置的选择意味着制作优化的关键节点在物流网络系统，如数量、位置、大小的存储，卖出，分布区议会网络节点，等等，实现全程物流效率优化的网络系统。物流配送中心扮演着物流网络系统的领导角色，它重视供应商和客户，影响到每一项经济活动的成本，同时影响着配送中心的运行和发展。物流配送中心位置的选择必须得到外部条件的认证，接收内部业务预测的款额，并完成地址选择。物流配送中心位置的选择和如何选择物流配送中心是非常重要的，电子商务环境下物流企业如何合理地的发展将是关键问题。
2.在电子商务环境下物流配送中心的功能环境，这是影响位置选择的主要因素2.1 电子商务环境下物流配送中心的功能
在21 世纪，随着互联网和现代信息技术的发展，电子商务逐渐成为最具竞争力的商业模式，与传统的商业模式经营的概念和模式明显不同，所以物流配送中心在一些方面不同于传统模式的。表 1 显示的主要区别。
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从表1来看，相比于传统的配送中心，对电子商务环境下的物流配送中心发展提出更严格要求：只有更快的配送速度和更好地配送质量才可以让我们跟上电子商务的发展趋势和提高企业的竞争能力同时做到让用户满意。选择最合适的集散地是非常必要的。
2.2影响电子商务环境下的位置选择的主要因素
若要正确选择电子商务环境下的配送中心，我们应考虑市场，资金，自然环境、经济环境、投资环境和有关的其他因素。基于很多这方面的因素，选择物流配送中心时我们必须考虑的研究结论主要包括如下：
3.物流配送方法和位置选择常见的问题
3.1 一元节点的位置选择
一元节点的位置选择是指只设置一个物流设施的焦点方法。把焦点方法方面的需求点和资源点作为一个物流系统，将品种平面、需求数量和资源量为对象，分量物流网络节点的对象系统焦点的最佳设置点。它重点解决了对象系统
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物流的位置网络节点。数学模型是：
111
1
n
n
j j j
j j
j j n
n j j j
j j j j x c w x c w
y c w y c w ======∑∑∑∑
3.2 混合的整数规划将选出网络节点的方法
针对社会经济效益安排物流网络节点认为的情况在材料需求的运输条件下，以一种系统性的方法与全面自然环境、 设计研究的数量、 位置、 大小、 供水区的物流网络节点建立高效率物流网络系统。安排物流网络节点的数学模型是：
11111111q
q
q
m
n
m
n
m
ik ik kj kj ij ij k k k ik i k k j i j k i MinF c x c y c z F w c x ++++========??
= ??
?∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑
11q n
ik ij
i k j x z
a +==≤∑∑ i=1,2,…….,m
1
1
q
m
kj ij
j k i y z
b +==≥∑∑ j=1,2,……..,n
1
1
m n
ik ij
i j x y
+==∑∑ k=1,2,……..,q
1
0m
ik k i x
Mw -
=≤∑ k=1,2,……..,q
,,0ik kj ij x y z ≥
3.3 多个网络节点地址选择： 物流采购联合会方法
物流与采购联合会（容量设施选址问题）的方法建议，以解决当选的节点
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网络限制的情况。此方法用于修复市场份额和分布区中心的交通规划，并修复了整数规划方法的网络位置。其数学模型是：
kj kj i i k
j
i
MinF c y F w =+∑∑∑
Constraint equation is:
kj
j k
y
b ≤∑ j=1,2,………n
kj
k k j
y
d w ≤∑ k=1,2,………m
k
k
w
E ≤∑
,0kj k y w ≥
3.4 这三个方法中存在的问题
4.电子商务环境下的物流配送中心位置选择模型的构建
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假设有"m"个资源点，提供服务配送中心，"n"个用户接受配送中心的服务，"p"个候选配送中心。其中，除了用户的位置，用户资源和数量是固定的。然后，对商品的需求和流动情况形成网络，整个物流网络体系结构模型如下：
1111
1
11
11
m n m m m
ij ij i i ki ki i ki i j i k i k i MinZ c x f y h w u w ========+++∑∑∑∑∑∑∑
Constraint equation is:
1m
ij j i X
a ≥
=∑ j=1,2,………n(1-2)
1
1
ki i i k w
b y ≤
=∑ i=1,2,……..m(1-3)
1m
i i y
p ≤
=∑ (1-4)
1
1
1
n ij ki
j k x w
=
==∑∑ i=1,2,…….m(1-5)
1
m
ki k i w
c ≤
=∑ k=1,2,………l(1-6)
ij jk k t T f +≤ i =1,2,….m, j=1,2,….n, k=1,2,……l(1-7) 0,0ij kj X w ≥≥ i=1,2,….m j=1,2,….n k=1,2,…..l(1-8)
i y 为0-1变量（1-9）
在子报表中，Xij 是配送中心的“i”和用户“J”之间的交通量，wki 是 工厂“K”和配送中心的“i ”之间的交通量，C ij 是配送中心“i”和用户“J”之间的运输价格，hki 是工厂“K”和“i ”分配之间的运输价格， ui 是配送中心的商品流的价格fi 与配送中心的“i ”为经营的修复费用，Tij 是工厂 “k ”和配送中心“i ”之间的交通时
间， T JK是配送中心“i”与用户“j”之间的运输时间，fK是由用户“j”的时间分布限制，aJ是用户“J”的需求，bi是配送中心“i”的能力，Ck是工厂“K”的供应量，“m”是候选配送中心的数量，“n”是用户数量，“p”是人数最多的可以选择的配送中心，“l”是工厂的数量。
约束条件（1-2）显示，配送中心可满足用户的需要，约束条件（1-3）显示，购买应小于配送中心“i”的能力，约束条件（1-4）显示，我们选择了配送中心的数量应少于“P”，约束条件（1-5）表明，配送中心的采购，等于卖出，约束条件（1-6）显示，商品工厂应具备将产品发送到配送中心的能力，约束条件（1-7）显示，从工厂到配送中心，从配送中心到工厂的运输时间的总和应不超过用户分配的时间限制。
5.结论
在电子商务环境下，选择合理的配送中心选址是建设高效率的分配制度，降低流通成本，提高运送货物，并确保服务质量的速度的前提。本文不仅分析电子商务环境下的物流配送中心的功能、位置选择的影响因素，而且也对传统的物流配送中心的位置选择模型进行分析，指出它存在的问题，根据实际情况适当修正模型，从而构建适应电子商务的发展的分销模式，以适应电子商务的现实，缓解物流瓶颈。
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指导教师评阅意见
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我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入
外文翻译 原文 The development of e-commerce Material Source:The Economist, 2003 Author:Laudon, K.C When the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dot-cons are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true. The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America’s Departme nt of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “brick s-and-mortar” world. But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail industry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of https://www.doczj.com/doc/075461402.html, and https://www.doczj.com/doc/075461402.html,, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online. Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada. And there is more. The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned
外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . " Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance. Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company. According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.
中英文对照外文翻译文 电子商务时代企业文化的再造 随着网络时代电子商务大规模发展，电子商务企业文化随之产生，它在一个企业在产生的一种新的价值观，使企业内部资源得到从新整合，在为企业带来降低交易成本，提高效率，缩短生产周期等诸多好处的同时，也对已有的企业文化发起了挑战。电子商务的兴起是一场由技术手段飞速发展而引发的商业运作模式的变革，传统经济活动的生存基础、运作方式和管理机制均发生了彻底改变，传统的企业文化也面临着巨大的冲击。 一、企业文化对企业价值的贡献 文化现象是一个国家和民族文明的主要见证。广义的文化，包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。作为“亚文化”的企业文化，对企业的生存与发展亦起着举足轻重的作用。企业文化是商品经济和市场经济的产物，符合市场经济的客观规律，体现企业的竞争实务、竞争精神和整体形象。所谓企业文化就是企业的经营管理哲学，企业面对所处的社会和商业环境，在长期的生产经营活动中，形成全体员工所接受和认同信守的、为争取事业成功的一套非正式规则。它表明企业奉行何种管理哲学，以及企业通过管理要达到一个什么样的目标。是经济管理的重要内容之一。企业文化意味着一个公司的价值观，而这些价值观成为公司员工活动和行为的规范。 企业文化的本源问题是如何增加企业利润，降低企业的成本和费用。它的要义就是怎么使企业能够有效的整合资源，以达到对外部的适应性，使公司在竞争中生存，进而实现持续发展。企业文化建设为企业开展文化管理指出一个明确的方向。企业文化建设的根本目的是建设能够对外竞争环境具有高度适应性，并能根据环境变换做出迅速反应的行为方式能力，这种能力其实就是企业所拥有的根据外部竞争的环境需要而对内部资源进行整合运用的能力。企业文化建设应促进这一能力系统的形成，并维持好这一能力系统。中国的许多企业例如海尔、联想等企业成功的秘诀之一就是发展了一整套公司理念、经营哲学，形成了自己独特的企业文化。 1、企业文化体现企业的形象和精神。树立良好的企业形象，需要企业文化的支撑。现
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. , a . , , o? . 基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统 N. ，. 化工学院，国立技术大学，15780雅典，希腊 收到2003年9月13日，在经修订的形式收到的2003年12月20号，接受 2004年1月27日 可在线二〇〇四年十二月十日 翻译曹蓝 发展基于互联网的应用工具 服务提供的商业景观的新机会，促进全球市场在业务快速推出创新的产品
和客户提供更好的服务。无论是企业需要的是，服务可以灵活地满足需求，并允许加速外包。反过来，开发人员可以专注于构建核心竞争力，创造客户和股东价值。应用程序开发，也更有效，因为现有的服务，无论他们在那里开发的，可以很容易地重用。 对网络服务的技术要求，很多今天存在的，如营业标准，业务应用，关键任务交易平台和安全的一体化和信息产品。不过，为使强大和动态系统的综合应用，行业标准和工具，扩大天的业务能力，对企业的互操作性是必需的。在采取了充分利用网络服务的关键是要了解什么是服务，以及如何在市场可能发生变化。人们需要能够在今天的平台和应用的投资，使开发人员快速而有效地实现这些好处，也能够满足特定需求，提高企业的生产力。 通常，有两种实施处理时，互联网的应用程序，即基于服务器和基本技术，基于客户的。这两种技术 有自己的长处对代码的发展和它们所提供的设施。服务器的应用程序涉及的动态创建的网页的发展。这些网页传送给客户端的网络浏览器和包含在和语言形式的代码。部分的的网页，其中包含形式和用户需求和的部分控制部分是静态页面的动态部分。通常情况下，代码的结构完全可以通过干预机制的服务器上的改变增加 传动部分和服务器实现基于如，，和语言等，这涉及到一个综合的动态网页应用程序开发的用户希望有关问题的特殊性（计算最短路径，执行路由算法，处理与数据库，等）是通过适当援引这些网页的动态内容的不同部分。在基于服务器的所有应用 计算在服务器上执行。在客户端的应用程序，小程序为准。用户的通信保障由著名的的机制，充当用户的代码。 一切都执行在客户端。在这种情况下的数据必须被检索，一次，这可能是费时的交易的一部分。在服务器的应用程序，服务器资源是所有计算中，这就要求有关的硬件和软件功能强大的服务器设施。基于客户端的应用程序与数据传输负担（主要是与道路网络数据）。有一个该补救方法，即缓存。一旦加载，他们留在浏览器的快取档案将在需要时立即召回。 就我们而言，客户端的应用程序的开发。主要的原因是从有关个人资料的
物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文 北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文 外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 logistics distribution center location factors: (1) the goods distribution and quantity. This is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. Distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. The quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. Goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and reducing conveying process unnecessary waste. (2) transportation conditions. The location of logistics distribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. In the conditional, distribution center should be as close to the railway station, port and highway. (3) land conditions. Logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. Is the use of the existing land or land again? Land price? Whether to
1. The Definition of Logistics After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. Three major functions of logistics (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods. (2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing within logistics create added value for goods. 2. Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:
跨境电商外文文献综述 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 译文: 本地化跨境电子商务的模型 摘要 通过对国际供应链的B2B电子商务交易量的快速增长和伊朗快速增加的跨境交易业务，跨境电商过程的有效管理对B2B电子商务系统十分重要。本文对局部模型的结构是基于B2B电子商务的基础设施三大层，消息层、业务流程层和内容层。由于伊朗的电子商务的要求，每一层的需要适当的标准和合适的方案的选择。当电子文件需要移动顺利向伊朗，建议文件的标准为文件内容支持纸质和电子文件阅读。验证提出的模型是通过案例研究方法呈现一到四阶段的情景。本文试图通过交换商业文件在贸易过程中这一局部模型，实现在全球电子贸易供应链更接近区域单一窗口建设的关键目标。 关键词：电子商务;跨境贸易;电子文档管理;国际供应链
1.简介 电子商务是关于在互联网或其他网络电子系统购买和销售产品或服务。术语B2B（企业对企业），描述了企业间的电子商务交易，如制造商和批发商，或批发商和零售商之间。本文的研究目标是上两个不同国家贸易商之间的通信。今天的世界贸易组织的主要目标之一是建立区域单一窗口，可以提高世界各地的贸易便利化。建立区域单一窗口需要跨境海关，可以有效地交换贸易文件。因此，首先，简化跨境贸易文件的关键在于朝着国家单一窗口移动。然后，区域单一窗口可以授权国家之间的通信。电子商务模型是基于三个主要逻辑层的研究。这三个层消息传输层，业务处理层和内容层。本文的局部模型是一种能够自动交换读取文件的过程。通过与东亚和中东国家的建立区域单一窗口可以在将来得到改善的更多的互操作性，从而建立伊朗国家单一窗口 在本文的第二部分讨论引进国际供应链中的跨境B2B模式所需的基本概念和标准。第三部分介绍在大的模型中引入的组件功能和范围。第四部分讨论了B2B交易层模型的定位，最后结束本文。 2.背景 在本节中，除了了解B2B电子商务在伊朗的情况，还有参考模型的背景等概念以及讨论B2B电子商务跨境模式的本土化。 2.1 B2B电子商务在伊朗 如今伊朗在贸易进程的变现是一个关键的贸易成功点。伊朗和许多其他国家接壤，它的进口和出口过程可以通过公路，铁路，海上和空中的方式来完成。因此，这个国家的中部和战略作用，使得它在亚洲和中东地区货物运输的主要贸易点。今天，在伊朗海关几乎所有的贸易过程通过纸质表格完成，由商务部提供的电子服务仅限于谁该国境内交易的商人。今天，伊朗海关几乎所有的贸易流程都是通过纸质表格来完成的，商务部给出的电子服务只限于该国的商人。介绍了模型试图简化在伊朗交易的跨境电子商务供应链交换电子文件的过程。这里提到的一些系统，由商务部在伊朗的电子服务被提及：进口订单管理系统。贸易统计制度。伊朗法典伊朗。这些电子系统的主要使用，以促进在伊朗贸易过程。这里提到的系统作为独立的贸易者可与建议本文模型在未来的作用。在亚洲的区域性单
文献出处：Croxton K.LThe research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24. 原文 The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode Croxton K L Abstract With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce，due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products，it is for the logistics service quality and time put forward higher requirements，delivery is not yet mature，distribution costs are high，low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee，fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them. Keywords: fresh food e-commerce，distribution pattern，cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 Introduction Farmers1markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase，’’workers?’ due to the limitation of working hours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh prod uce，even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products，especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C，C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.
跨境电商外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
译文： 跨境电子商务在欧盟的发展动力和壁垒 摘要 互联网的兴起，往往是与“距离的消亡”或至少减少相关的地理距离在供应信息相关。我们研究距离 事宜仍在实物商品的网上交易是否。我们使用的数据从一个网络消费者调查小组对网上跨境货物贸易中的 一个语言支离破碎的欧盟市场。分析结果表明，相比线下交易在同一商品的距离相关的交易成本大大降低。然而，语言相关的交易成本的增加。此外，网上交易介绍新能源贸易成本如包裹递送和在线支付系统。在 平衡，没有迹象显示在线贸易不偏向于国内市场的产品比线下交易支持。我们提供给政策制定者推动欧盟数 字单一市场的跨境电子商务的选项。在高效灵活的跨境支付系统的使用增加1%可以增加多达7%的跨境电子 商务。我们还表明，在线交易给英语语言输出国家的比较优势。 关键词电子商务/引力方程/欧盟 1.介绍 本文实证研究的在线电子商务跨境贸易模式的影响。互联网的兴起，更一般地，数字通信技术，具有LED许多观察家宣布，距离“死”（Cairncross，1997）。在这方面，它不在乎信息所在的位臵因为它只是一个鼠标点击和信息成本不再是物理距 离有关。在传统的线下实物商品贸易，证据却指向距离成本增加（disdier和头，2008）。贸易相结合的基础上的信息和物理的货物运输。问题是是否将贸易从线 下到线上平台是一个足够大的凹痕在信息成本改变贸易总成本因此货物贸易模式。Blum 和Goldfarb（2006）表明，即使是纯粹的信息产品，距离仍然起着重要的 作用。他们认为这是文化上的差异，随着物理距离的增加。除了信息成本的影响， 可能会有副作用，对贸易模式的影响。网上贸易开辟了一个潜在的更大的地理汇水 面积，为供应商和消费者，在产品品种和价格竞争的增加。这两
外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Electronic Commerce 外文文献： Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce, or Electronic trade, or electronic business as a newly rising mode of commerce will have far-reaching influence on social economy and play an important role in social development worldwide. It represents the trend of world trade in the 21st century and beyond. 1. What is Electronic Commerce? Electronic commerce refers to commercial data exchange in digital form through electronic transmission means and commercial activities conducted on-line. Usually, electronic commerce can be divided into two levels: One is low-level electronic commerce that is, electronic commercial intelligence, electronic trade, and electronic contracts. Another is high-level electronic commerce which includes all commercial activities done via Internet, ranging from searching for clients, commercial negotia-tion, making orders, on-line payment, releasing electronic invoice, to electronic dec-laration to Customs, electronic tax-payment, all conducted on Internet. Electronic commerce means electrification of all trade transactions. It is featured by these characters: ①fairness and freedom, ②high efficiency, ③globalization, ④virtualization, ⑤interactivity, ⑥autonomy, ⑦personalized service. With electronic commerce, clients and
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 电子商务战略 电子商务战略也许有益于发展组织在倡议一项电子商务活动实施之前考虑很多问题，其中涉及到该组织的任务，发展目标和组织结构。涉及的主要问题包括：资源扩张 - 主要目标是通过网上销售商品和提供服务产生的收入以抵销营运成本吗？如果是这样，组织期望或希望生成的收入是多少？这些战略问题将允许该组织把多少资金用于电子商务活动。如果该组织是以一个接近电子商务为主要手段不仅包括生产商品的总费用、服务成本和宣传开发新产品，而且希望扩大其收入基础，以支持其他项目的花费，那么它可能需要建立一个电子商务平台和制定策略以吸引顾客。该组织可能把运用电子商务活动作为资源的一种扩张，并使用经营策略和完整的营销手段。这导致了一个问题，该组织是否适应这种发展方式，并符合其慈善组织的地位的问题。将把电子商务活动置于扭曲的免税地位的发展组织吗？该组织在与法律冲突的情况下承担责任吗？如果他们出售的出版物和其他意味着“传统”的产品那么大多数开发组织已经面临的这些问题。 资本成本 - 是指该组织愿意把多少资金用于电子商务活动？电子商务平台可以是高价，这取决于复杂的程度。一个发展组织开展电子商务活动应考虑是否要承担比预期的要高的费用和预期销售水平可能的成本回收。这项活动收到来自捐助机构或合作伙伴组织的财政援助的可能是什么？发展组织根据其财政能力追求电子商务活动的多种选择可能决定他们的网上销售活动。这些选项可以分为1）技术的硬件和2）网站设计和维护。该组织将根据其组织的规模和计算需求决定是否要投资建立自己的内部服务器，或者寻找一个第三方愿意在其服务器托管网站。是把第三方作为组织发展的重点，还是把它作为私有公司/ ISP吗？关于设计和电子商务网站的维护，是组织聘请内部的技术人员来处理设计，开发和维护，还是聘用比较划算的外部人处理这些任务呢？开发一个电子商务网站产生的高水平的收入将响应商界的电子商务平台上的变化。开发组织可能要考虑使用信用卡安全加密软件进行付款，某种程度上的成本的增长还受益于增加顾客在事务处理过程中建立的信心。该网站设置醒目,希望吸引客户，可能增加更高级别的图形和设计网站开发成本吗？淘金的合作伙伴目前没有承担上述所有资金成本，但可能
文献出处: Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34. 原文 The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness Mahpula A Abstract At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness. Keywords : Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 Introduction The rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and 物流外文文献及翻译范文 【最新资料，WORD 文档，可编辑修改】