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图书馆学专业英语词表

图书馆学专业英语词表
图书馆学专业英语词表

AACR 英美编目条例专英词汇表

A detailed set of standardized rules for cataloging various types of library materials that had its origin in Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries, published in 1908 under the auspices of the American Library Association and the Library Association (UK), and the A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries (1949), with its companion volume Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress.

academic library 高校图书馆; 学术图书馆A library that is an integral part of a college, university, or other institution of postsecondary education, administered to meet the information and research needs of its students, faculty, and staff. In the United States, the professional association for academic libraries and librarians is the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), which publishes Standards for Libraries in Higher Education. Compare with research library. See also: college library, departmental library, graduate library, undergraduate library, and university library.

accession 登录;登录文献T o record in an accession list the addition of a bibliographic item to a library collection, whether acquired by purchase or exchange or as a gift. In automated libraries, the addition is usually recorded by enhancing a brief order record that is expanded in cataloging to become the full bibliographic record entered permanently in the catalog. Also refers to the material added. The process of making additions to a collection is known as accessions. The opposite of deaccession. Compare with acquisitions.

acquisitions 采访(部);采购(部);收集The process of selecting, ordering, and receiving materials for library or archival collections by purchase, exchange, or gift, which may include budgeting and negotiating with outside agencies, such as publishers, dealers, and vendors, to obtain resources to meet the needs of the institution's clientele in the most economical and expeditious manner. Also refers to the department within a library responsible for selecting, ordering, and receiving new materials and for maintaining accurate records of such transactions,

usually managed by an acquisitions librarian. In small libraries, the acquisitions librarian may also be responsible for collection development, but in most public and academic libraries, this responsibility is shared by all the librarians who have an active interest in collection building, usually on the basis of expertise and subject specialization. Compare with accession.

almanac 年鉴;年历;历书Originally, a book introduced by the Moors to Spain, listing the days, weeks, and months of the year and providing information about festivals, holidays, astronomical phenomena, etc. In modern usage, an annual compendium of practical dates, facts, and statistics, current and/or retrospective, often arranged in tables to facilitate comparison. Almanacs can be general (example: World Almanac and Book of Facts) or related to a specific subject or academic discipline (Almanac of American Politics). Information Please is an example of a modern online almanac.

American Library Association (ALA) 美国图书馆协会he leading professional association of public and academic libraries and librarians in the United States, the ALA was founded in Philadelphia in October 1876 by a group of library leaders (90 men and 13 women) that included Melvil Dewey. An "association of associations," the ALA is organized in divisions, each with its own officers, budget, and programs, and is closely tied to over 50 state and regional chapters. The Association also sponsors round tables on specific issues and topics and is affiliated with other independent library-related organizations. Its imprint is ALA Editions. The most widely read periodicals published by the ALA are the professional journal American Libraries and the review publication Booklist. The ALA is a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).

American Society for Information Science and T echnology (ASIS&T)美国信息科学与技术学会An affiliate of the American Library Association, ASIS&T is a nonprofit association established in 1937 to provide opportunities for professionals in the information science field to communicate across the disciplines of library science, computer science, linguistics, mathematics, and the physical sciences. Formerly the American Society for Information Science (ASIS).

annotated bibliography 提要式目A bibliography in which a brief explanatory or evaluative note is added to each reference or citation.

录An annotation can be helpful to the researcher in

evaluating whether the source is relevant to a given

topic or line of inquiry.

archives 档案(资料);档案馆An organized collection of the noncurrent records of the activities of a business, government, organization, institution, or other corporate body, or the personal papers of one or more individuals, families, or groups, retained permanently (or for a designated or indeterminate period of time) by their originator or a successor for their permanent historical, informational, evidential, legal, administrative, or monetary value, usually in a repository managed and maintained by a trained archivist. Also refers to the office or organization responsible for appraising, selecting, preserving, and providing access to archival materials.

audiovisual (AV) 视听资料; 声像资料A work in a medium that combines sound and visual images, for example, a motion picture or videorecording with a sound track, or a slide presentation synchronized with audiotape. Also spelled audio-visual and abbreviated a-v.

Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA) 澳大利图书情报协会The professional association for the Australian library and information services sector, ALIA seeks to empower the library profession in the development, promotion, and delivery of quality services to all Australians, through leadership, advocacy, and mutual support. ALIA sponsors a biennial national conference, presents national and regional awards, and publishes Australian Library Journal (ALJ).

auxiliary schedule 辅助分类表;辅表;复分表In library classification, a separate list of classes (with their notations) that serves only to subdivide the classes listed in the main schedules.

B

back issue 过刊Any issue of a periodical that precedes the current issue. Back issues are usually retained in a back file, which may be stored in a different location in the periodicals section of a library, sometimes converted to a more compact format, such as microfilm or microfiche. In the catalog record, the extent of the back file is indicated in the holdings statement. Synonymous with back number.

Banned Books Week 禁书周An annual event observed in the United States since 1981 during the last week of September, Banned Books Week is sponsored by the American Booksellers Association, American Booksellers

Foundation for Free Expression, American Library Association, Association of American Publishers, American Society of Journalists and Authors, and National Association of College Stores and endorsed by the Center for the Book at the Library of Congress. Libraries and bookstores throughout the country celebrate the freedom to read by displaying recently banned books and books that have been banned throughout history.

bibliographic instruction (BI) 图书馆指导; 文献检索教育Instructional programs designed to teach library users how to locate the information they need quickly and effectively. BI usually covers the library's system of organizing materials, the structure of the literature of the field, research methodologies appropriate to the discipline, and specific resources and finding tools (catalogs, indexes and abstracting services, bibliographic databases, etc.). Synonymous with library instruction and library orientation. Compare with user education.

bibliography 书目Strictly speaking, a systematic list or enumeration of written works by a specific author or on a given subject, or that share one or more common characteristics (language, form, period, place of publication, etc.). A bibliography may be comprehensive or selective. Long bibliographies may be published serially or in book form. The person responsible for compiling a bibliography is the bibliographer. Compare with catalog.

bibliotheca 藏书楼;藏书目录;文库From the Greek biblion ("book") and theke ("to place").

A library or collection of books. Also refers to a list or catalog of books, especially one prepared by a bibliographer.

bibliotherapy 阅读疗法The use of books selected on the basis of content in a planned reading program designed to facilitate the recovery of patients suffering from mental i llness or emotional disturbance. Ideally, the process occurs in three phases: personal identification of the reader with a particular character in the recommended work, resulting in psychological catharsis, which leads to rational insight concerning the relevance of the solution suggested in the text to the reader's own experience. Assistance of a trained psychotherapist is advised. See also: readers' advisory.

branch library 图书分An auxiliary service outlet in a library system, housed

馆in a facility separate from the central library, which has

at least a basic collection of materials, a regular staff,

and established hours, with a budget and policies

determined by the central library.

British National Bibliography (BNB) 英国国家书目The most comprehensive record of books and first issues of serials published since 1950 in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland, the BNB has been the responsibility of the British Library since the library's inception in 1973. Since 1990, bibliographic records created in accordance with international cataloging standards have been contributed by all the legal depository libraries in the UK, with CIP data on forthcoming titles provided by the Bibliographic Data Services. Coverage is selective, with emphasis on mainstream monographs available through regular book-buying channels. Research reports and non-trade monographs are recorded separately in the British National Bibliography for Report Literature. The BNB is available weekly in print, monthly on CD-ROM, and online.

C

call number 索书号A unique code printed on a label affixed to the outside of an item in a library collection, usually to the lower spine of a book or videocassette, also handwritten or printed on a label inside the item. Assigned by the cataloger, the call number is also displayed in the bibliographic record that represents the item in the library catalog, to identify the specific copy of the work and give its relative location on the shelf. In most collections, a call number is composed of a classification number followed by additional notation to make the call number unique.

card catalog(ue) 卡片目录A list of the holdings of a library, printed, typed, or handwritten on catalog cards, each representing a single bibliographic item in the collection. Catalog cards are normally filed in a single alphabetical sequence (dictionary catalog), or in separate sections by author, title, and subject (divided catalog), in the long narrow drawers of a specially designed filing cabinet, usually constructed of wood.

cataloging-in-publicati on (CIP) 在版编目A prepublication cataloging program in which participating publishers complete a standardized data sheet and submit it with the front matter or entire text of a new book (usually still in galleys) to the Library of

Congress for use in assigning an LCCN and preparing a bibliographic record, which is sent back to the publisher within 10 days to be printed on the verso of the title page. The Library of Congress distributes CIP records to large libraries, bibliographic utilities, and book vendors on a weekly basis to facilitate book processing. If incomplete, the initial record may be amended by the Library of Congress after the U.S. Copyright Office receives the deposit copy of the published work. The CIP Program began at the Library of Congress in 1971 and is used throughout the world. British spelling is cataloguing-in-publication.

catalog 目录A comprehensive list of the books, periodicals, maps, and other materials in a given collection, arranged in systematic order to facilitate retrieval (usually alphabetically by author, title, and/or subject). In most modern libraries, the card catalog has been converted to machine-readable bibliographic records and is available online. The preparation of entries for a library catalog (called cataloging) is performed by a librarian known as a cataloger. British spelling is catalogue. Abbreviated cat. Compare with bibliography and index.

central library 图书总馆The administrative center of a library system where system-wide management decisions are made, centralized technical processing is conducted, and principal collections are located. Synonymous with main library. See also: branch library.

Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) 英国特许图书情报专业人员协会A new professional association formed in April 2002 by the union of the Institute of Information Scientists (IIS) and the Library Association (UK), CILIP is now is the leading professional body for librarians, information specialists, and knowledge managers in the UK, with nearly 23,000 members working in all sectors, including business and industry, science and technology, education, local and central government, health services, national and public libraries, and the voluntary sector.

chief information officer (CIO) 首席信息官The title of the person in a commercial company or nonprofit organization who is responsible for managing the flow of official information, including computing and any library services - a relatively new position in companies and organizations that recognize the need for such a management function.

children's librarian 儿 A librarian who specializes in services and collections

童图书馆员for children up to the age of 12-13. Most children's

librarians have extensive knowledge of children's

literature and are trained in the art of storytelling.

church library 教会图书馆A library maintained on the premises of a house of worship, containing books, pamphlets, and other materials related to its faith and to the history of the institution. Very old church libraries often have rare books and manuscripts in their collections, for example, the Hereford Cathedral Library in England which owns a historical collection of chained books. Cathedral libraries may restrict the use of all or a portion of their holdings to readers who have a research interest in their collections (example: Canterbury Cathedral Library in England). Most synagogues also have a library, with some materials in Hebrew.

circulating library 租借图书馆;租书处A type of library established by booksellers and other businessmen in Britain in the early 18th century that provided popular reading material to the general public for a limited period of time in exchange for payment of a modest fee (usually no more than a shilling per month), comparable to a modern rental collection. With the introduction of inexpensive paperback editions and the growth of public libraries in the early 20th century, interest in circulating libraries declined. Synonymous with two-penny library. Compare with subscription library.

circulation 流通The process of checking books and other materials in and out of a library. Also refers to the total number of items checked out by library borrowers over a designated period of time and to the number of times a given item is checked out during a fixed period of time, usually one year.

classification schedule 分类表The names assigned to the classes and subdivisions of a classification system, listed in the order of their symbolic notation. In a hierarchical classification system, the arrangement of the schedule(s) indicates logical subordination. For example, in Dewey Decimal Classification the schedules consist of the class numbers 000-999, the associated headings, and notes concerning use, with logical hierarchy indicated by indention and length of notation.

classification scheme

分类法; 分类系统

See: classification system.

classification system 分类系统; 分类法A list of classes arranged according to a set of pre-established principles for the purpose of organizing items in a collection, or entries in an index, bibliography, or catalog, into groups based on their similarities and differences, to facilitate access and retrieval. In the United States, most library collections are classified by subject. In the United States, most public libraries use Dewey Decimal Classification, but academic and research libraries prefer Library of Congress Classification.

classification 分类The process of dividing objects or concepts into logically hierarchical classes, subclasses, and sub-subclasses based on the characteristics they have in common and those that distinguish them. Also used as a shortened form of the term classification system or classification scheme.

class 类;类别;等级A grouping of objects or concepts based on one or more characteristics, attributes, properties, qualities, etc., that they have in common, for the purpose of classifying them according to an established system, represented in library classification systems by a symbolic notation. In hierarchical classification systems, the members of a class (example: books) are divided into subclasses (children's books), which are in turn subdivided into more specific subclasses (picture books), and so on.

In human resources management, a group of positions within an organization for which the qualifications, duties, responsibilities, evaluation procedures, etc., are comparable and which share the same scale of rank and pay. In library employment, positions are typically classified as follows: library director, librarian, library technician, library technical assistant, and clerical assistant.

closed reserve 闭架保存资料;闭架保存馆藏An item on reserve that may be checked out by a registered borrower but may not be removed from library premises. Also, a reserve collection shelved in a closed stack from which requested items must be retrieved by a member of the library staff. Compare with open reserve.

closed stacks 闭架A shelving area in a library to which only members of the library staff have access, established to protect the collection or conserve space by using aisles narrower than the width that is standard in open stacks.

Materials are retrieved from closed stacks by staff members upon request.

collaborative reference 协作参考咨询A mode of digital reference in which reference questions are routed to reference librarians at different institutions, based on such criteria as expertise, availability, etc. The QuestionPoint service developed by OCLC and the Library of Congress, with input from participating members of the Global Reference Network, is an example of such a service. Compare with cooperative reference.

college library 学院图书馆A type of academic library maintained by an independent four-year college, or by one of several colleges within a larger university, for the use of students and faculty. The Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) has established Standards for Libraries in Higher Education (June 2004). Compare with undergraduate library.

community information system (CIS) 社区信息系统A centralized source providing government, business, historical, and geographic information about a local community or small group of communities, intended primarily for the use of local residents, prospective residents, and visitors.

community information 社区信息;社区信息格式A format in MARC 21 designed to carry descriptions of non-bibliographic resources that fulfill the information needs of a community, including programs, services, events, organizations, and individuals (storytellers, civic leaders, etc.).

compact disc (CD) 激光唱盘;激光唱片A digital audiorecording medium introduced in 1982 capable of storing up to 74 minutes of high-fidelity stereophonic sound in a single spiral track on one side of a 4.75-inch disc, similar to the track on a phonograph record. Designed to be read by a laser beam and decoded inside a device called a CD player, compact discs not only provide clearer sound than phonograph records and audiotape but are capable of recording a much wider range of volume.

In libraries, CDs are usually shelved separately, often in specially designed display cases. Some libraries provide listening equipment on the premises. In AACR2, the term "sound disc" is used in the physical description area of the bibliographic record representing a compact disc, with "digital" given as type of recording. See also: optical disk.

conservation (文献)Physical or chemical intervention to ensure the survival

修复;(文献)保护of manuscripts, books, and other documents, for

example, the storage of materials under controlled

environmental conditions or the treatment of

mildew-infected paper with a chemical inhibitor.

Non-invasive techniques are preferred as a means of

preserving items in their original condition. In a more

general sense, any measures taken to protect archival

or library collections from damage or deterioration,

including initial examination, documentation, treatment,

and preventive care supported by research. Current

ethical standards require respect for the historical

integrity of the item. A person educated, trained, and

experienced in such procedures is a conservator.

consortium (图书馆)联盟An association of independent libraries and/or library systems established by formal agreement, usually for the purpose of resource sharing. Membership may be restricted to a specific geographic region, type of library (public, academic, special), or subject specialization. In the United States, two leading examples are the Orbis Cascade Alliance, serving member colleges, universities, and community colleges in Oregon and Washington, and OhioLINK, serving the college and university libraries of Ohio and the Ohio State Library. Plural: consortia.

cooperative reference 合作参考咨询Reference services provided by referring the user or the user's question(s) to library or information personnel at another institution, according to a formally established system of protocols, rather than on an informal case-by-case basis. When such services are provided digitally, the service is known as collaborative reference. The Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) of the American Library Association (ALA) has developed Guidelines for Cooperative Reference Service Policy Manuals (1998) to assist libraries in establishing and evaluating cooperative reference service.

copyright 著作权;版权The exclusive legal rights granted by a government to an author, editor, compiler, composer, playwright, publisher, or distributor to publish, produce, sell, or distribute copies of a literary, musical, dramatic, artistic, or other work, within certain limitations (fair use and first sale). Copyright law also governs the right to prepare derivative works, reproduce a work or portions of it, and display or perform a work in public.

corporate library 企业图书馆; 公司图书馆A type of special library established and maintained as a unit within an incorporated company or organization to meet the information needs of its employees and facilitate the achievement of its mission and goals. Some corporate libraries also serve as the repository for the official records of the organization. For internal security reasons, most corporate libraries are closed to the public except by special appointment. Synonymous with corporation library or company library.

current awareness service 新书通报;最新资料通报;新知通报A service or publication designed to alert scholars, researchers, readers, customers, or employees to recently published literature in their field(s) of specialization, usually available in special libraries serving companies, organizations, and institutions in which access to current information is essential. Such services can be tailored to fit the interest profile of a specific individual or group. Synonymous with selective dissemination of information.

current issue 现刊The latest number of a serial publication, bearing the most recent issue date. In some libraries, current issues are displayed with the front cover facing forward on sloping shelves or on a periodical stand to facilitate browsing. Back files are typically stored in a different location, sometimes on microfilm or microfiche to conserve space. Synonymous with current number. Compare with back issue.

cybrarian 网络图书馆员A shortened form of cyberlibrarian, coined from the terms "cyberspace" and "librarian" to refer to a librarian whose work routinely involves information retrieval and dissemination via the Internet and the use of other online resources. Despite its catchy sound, the appellation has not been widely adopted within the library profession.

D

deaccession 注销馆藏(记录)The process of deleting from an accession record documents and other materials that are to be removed from a library collection. Also refers to any item so removed. The opposite of accession.

departmental library 系资料室;系图书馆A type of academic library that serves the information and research needs of the faculty members of a department within an institution of higher learning, usually a large university. Departmental libraries are also used by students enrolled in courses in the discipline(s) taught by the department, especially

graduate students. If acquisitions are funded through the department, selection is usually the responsibility of the teaching faculty in collaboration with the departmental librarian.

deposit copy 呈缴本A copy of a new publication sent without charge to a copyright depository or other designated library by the author or publisher in compliance with national copyright law. In the United States, the deposit copy is sent with the completed copyright application form and copyright fee to the U.S. Copyright Office of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Synonymous with statutory copy.

depository library 储存图书馆A library legally designated to receive without charge all or a portion of the government documents provided by the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) and other federal agencies to the Superintendent of Documents for distribution through the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), having made a legal commitment to comply with federal regulations concerning maintenance and accessibility. Some federal depositories also collect publications issued by state government agencies. A regional depository library receives and retains permanently at least one copy of all the documents distributed through the FDLP, but a selective depository library receives only a percentage of the available publications and is required to retain them for a minimum of 5 years. Depository libraries are required to complete a self-study and/or undergo inspection at intervals of 6-7 years to assure compliance with FDLP rules and regulations. Compare with repository.

descriptive cataloging 描述性编目The part of the library cataloging process concerned with identifying and describing the physical and bibliographic characteristics of the item, and with determining the name(s) and title(s) to be used as access points in the catalog, but not with the assignment of subject and form headings. In the United States, Great Britain, and Canada, descriptive cataloging is governed by Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2).

Dewey, Melvil (1851-1931) 麦威尔?杜威One of the founders of the American Library Association, Melvil Dewey served as editor of Library Journal from 1876 to 1881, published the Dewey Decimal Classification system in 1876, and served as

librarian at Columbia University from 1883 to 1888, where he founded the first professional library school in 1887. He became the director of the New Y ork State Library in Albany in 1888, taking the library school with him. Dewey was also a spokesman for professionalism in librarianship, for library education, and for equality of opportunity for women in the profession. A dynamic man, he also advocated standardization of library education, methods, tools, equipment, and supplies and was an advocate of spelling reform.

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) 杜威十进分类法A hierarchical system for classifying books and other library materials by subject, first published in 1876 by the librarian and educator Melvil Dewey, who divided human knowledge into 10 main classes, each of which is divided into 10 divisions, and so on. Developed and updated continuously for the past 125 years, most recently by a 10-member international Editorial Policy Committee (EPC), DDC is the most widely used classification system in the world. According to OCLC, it has been translated into 30 languages and is used by 200,000 libraries in 135 countries. The national bibliographies of 60 countries are organized according to DDC.

digital divide 数字鸿沟A term coined by former Assistant Secretary of Commerce for T elecommunication and Communication Larry Irving, Jr., to focus public awareness on the gap in access to information resources and services between those with the means to purchase the computer hardware and software and necessary to connect to the Internet and low-income families and communities that cannot afford network access. Public libraries are helping to bridge the gap between information "haves" and "have-nots" with the assistance of substantial grants from industry leaders such as Bill Gates of Microsoft. The E-rate established by the T elecommunications Act of 1996 (TCA) has helped schools, public libraries, and rural health care institutions bridge the gap. Synonymous with information gap.

Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI) 数字图书馆研究计划;数字图书馆工程A multi-agency interdisciplinary research program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) that provides grants to facilitate the creation of large knowledge bases, develop the information technology to access them effectively, and improve their usability in a wide

range of contexts.

Digital Library Federation (DLF) 数字图书馆联盟A consortium of major libraries and library-related agencies dedicated to promoting the use of electronic technologies to extend collections and services, DLF is committed to identifying standards and best practices for digital collections and network access, coordinating research and development in the use of information technology by libraries, and assisting in the initiation of projects and services that individual libraries lack the means to develop on their own.

digital library 数字图书馆A library in which a significant proportion of the resources are available in machine-readable format (as opposed to print or microform), accessible by means of computers. The digital content may be locally held or accessed remotely via computer networks. For a distributed example, see the Mountain West Digital Library established by the Utah Academic Library Consortium. In libraries, the process of digitization began with the catalog, moved to periodical indexes and abstracting services, then to periodicals and large reference works, and finally to book publishing. Abbreviated d-lib. Compare with virtual library.

digital reference 数字参考咨询Reference services requested and provided over the Internet, usually via e-mail, instant messaging ("chat"), or Web-based submission forms, usually answered by librarians in the reference department of a library, sometimes by the participants in a collaborative reference system serving more than one institution. Synonymous with chat reference, e-reference, online reference, and virtual reference.

documentation center 文献中心An organization or agency that specializes in receiving, processing, preserving, abstracting, and indexing publications, usually within a scholarly discipline or field of research and study (example: ERIC). Documentation centers also issue bulletins on the progress of such work for distribution to interested parties and may also prepare bibliographies on special topics, make copies or translations, and engage in bibliographic research.

documentation 文献工作;文献活动The process of systematically collecting, organizing, storing, retrieving, and disseminating specialized documents, especially of a scientific, technical, or legal nature, usually to facilitate research or preserve institutional memory. Also refers to a collection of

documents pertaining to a specific subject, especially when used to substantiate a point of fact. See also: documentation center.

document delivery service (DDS) (全文)文献提供服务The provision of published or unpublished documents in hard copy, microform, or digital format, usually for a fixed fee upon request. In most libraries, document delivery service is provided by the interlibrary loan office on a cost-recovery basis. The patron is usually required to pick up printed material at the library, but electronic full-text may be forwarded via e-mail. Also refers to the physical or electronic delivery of documents from a library collection to the residence or place of business of a library user, upon request.

document 文献;公文;文件;档案A generic term for a physical entity consisting of any substance on which is recorded all or a portion of one or more works for the purpose of conveying or preserving knowledge. In the words of the communication theorist Marshall McLuhan, a document is the "medium" in which a "message" (information) is communicated. Document formats include manuscripts, print publications (books, pamphlets, periodicals, reports, maps, prints, etc.), microforms, nonprint media, electronic resources, etc. Abbreviated doc. Also, any form printed on paper, once it has been filled in, especially one that has legal significance or is supplied by a government agency, for example, an application for copyright protection.

E

electronic book 电子图书A digital version of a traditional print book designed to be read on a personal computer or an e-book reader (a software application for use on a standard-sized computer or a book-sized computer used solely as a reading device). Although the first hypertext novel was published in 1987 (Afternoon, A Story by Michael Joyce), electronic books did not capture public attention until the online publication of Stephen King's novella Riding the Bullet in March 2000. Within 24 hours, the text had been downloaded by 400,000 computer users. Synonymous with e-book, ebook, and online book.

electronic journal 电子期刊A digital version of a print journal, or a journal-like electronic publication with no print counterpart (example: EJournal), made available via the Web, e-mail, or other means of Internet access.

Synonymous with e-journal. Compare with electronic magazine.

electronic magazine 电子杂志A digital version of a print magazine, or a magazine-like electronic publication with no print counterpart, made available via the Web, e-mail, or other means of Internet access. Synonymous with e-zine and Webzine. Compare with electronic journal.

enumerative classification 列举式分类法A classification system in which each subject is developed to the point of indivisibility and a notation assigned for every subdivision (example: Library of Congress Classification). Compare with synthetic classification. See also: hierarchical classification.

F

facet analysis 分面分析法;层面分析法Examination of the various aspects of a subject to identify the basic characteristics by which it can be divided into subclasses, the first step in developing a faceted classification system.

finding aid (档案馆)检索工具;查询指南A published or unpublished guide, inventory, index, register, calendar, list, or other system for retrieving archival primary source materials that provides more detailed description of each item than is customary in a library catalog record. Finding aids also exist in nonprint formats (ASCII, HTML, etc.). In partnership with the Society of American Archivists, the Library of Congress maintains a standard called Encoded Archival Description (EAD) for encoding archival finding aids in Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and/or Extensible Markup Language (XML). Compare with finding tool.

finding tool (图书馆)检索工具A general term for a resource designed to be used in a library to locate sources of information, usually in a search by author, title, subject, or keywords. The category includes catalogs, bibliographies, indexes, abstracting services, bibliographic databases, etc. The corresponding term in archives is finding aid.

G

graduate library (高校)研究生图书馆The academic library at a university that maintains separate collections (and usually facilities) for undergraduates and graduate students, containing the major research collections, staffed and equipped to meet the information needs of graduate students and faculty but also open to undergraduates.

H

hardcover 精装书 A book bound in an inflexible board case or cover,

usually covered in cloth, paper, plastic, leather, or some other durable material, as distinct from a book bound in a cover made of flexible material. In modern publishing, a new trade title is usually issued first in hardcover, then in a paperback edition after sales in hardcover decline. Synonymous with cloth bound, hardback, and hard bound.

hierarchical classification 等级分类法;层累制分类法A classification system in which the classes are subdivided on the principle of logical subordination, from the most general subjects to the most specific. Hierarchical classification can be broad or close. Click here to explore hierarchy in Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Synonymous with analytic classification. See also: enumerative classification, synthetic classification, and tree structure.

hospital library 医院图书馆A medical library maintained within the walls of a hospital, containing a collection of print and online resources on medicine and allied health to serve the information and research needs of doctors, nurses, patients, and staff, usually managed by a medical librarian. Hospital librarians are organized in the Hospital Libraries Section of the Medical Library Association.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 超文本标记语言;超文本置标语言Used to create the hypertext documents accessible via the World Wide Web and intranets, HTML script is a cross-platform presentation markup language that allows the author to incorporate into a Web page text, frames, graphics, audio, video, and links to other documents and applications. Formatting is controlled by "tags" embedded in the text.

I

incunabula 摇篮书;摇篮期刊本;古版书From the Latin word cunae, meaning "cradle." Books, pamphlets, calendars, and indulgences printed from movable type in Europe prior to 1501, during the earliest years (infancy) of printing. The earliest example is the Gutenberg Bible believed to have been printed before 1456 in Mainz, Germany, by Johann Gutenberg, who is credited with the invention of modern printing. Singular: incunabulum. Synonymous with cradle books and incunables.

index 索引An alphabetically arranged list of headings consisting of the personal names, places, and subjects treated in a written work, with page numbers to refer the reader to the point in the text at which information pertaining to

the heading is found. In single-volume works of reference and nonfiction, any indexes appear at the end of the back matter. In a multivolume work, they are found at the end of the last volume. In very large multivolume reference works, the last volume may be devoted entirely to indexes. Works of fiction are rarely indexed. The publisher of a periodical may provide an index to each volume at the end of the last issue of the publication year. For best results, indexing should be done by a professional indexer. Alternate plural: indices.

information and referral 信息与引荐(服务) A service available at no charge, usually from a public library or other public service agency, providing contact information about other organizations, agencies, and individuals qualified to offer specific information and services, both free and fee-based, usually within the local community.

information broker 信息经纪人A self-employed professional, skilled in information retrieval and delivery who markets his or her research services commercially, usually on a freelance basis. Information brokers are organized in the Association of Independent Information Professionals (AIIP) and Independent Librarian's Exchange (ILEX).

information commons (IC) 信息共享空间A new type of technology-enhanced collaborative facility on college and university campuses that integrates library and computer application services (information, technology, and learning) in a single floor plan, often equipped with a wireless network and, in some cases, equipment for multimedia production. Most ICs are designed to support librarians engaged in assisting individual students and in teaching research skills to groups, teaching assistants helping individuals and groups of students with class assignments, and individual students and groups independently accessing information in print and online. Some ICs are open 24/7. Synonymous with integrated learning center.

information overload 信息超载A condition in which too much information is available on a topic, a common occurrence in online searching, particularly when the query is expressed in terms that are too general. Systems that facilitate the retrieval of relevant resources, sifting out the chaff, are badly needed. In the meantime, consumers of information must develop their own analytical and critical skills.

information studies 信息研究(课程)An umbrella term used at some universities for a curricular division that includes library and information science (LIS) and allied fields (informatics, information management, etc.), for example, the School of Information Studies at Syracuse University and the iSchool, a new incarnation of the former Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Washington.

information system 信息系统A computer hardware and software system designed to accept, store, manipulate, and analyze data and to report results, usually on a regular, ongoing basis. An IS usually consists of a data input subsystem, a data storage and retrieval subsystem, a data analysis and manipulation subsystem, and a reporting subsystem. Widely used in scientific research, business management, medicine and health, resource management, and other fields that require statistical reporting, information systems can be broadly classified as spatial or nonspatial, depending on whether the data refers to a system of spatial coordinates.

integrated library

system (ILS) 集成图

书馆系统

See: library management system.

intellectual property 知识产权T angible products of the human mind and intelligence entitled to the legal status of personal property, especially works protected by copyright, inventions that have been patented, and registered trademarks. An idea is considered the intellectual property of its creator only after it has been recorded or made manifest in specific form.

interlibrary loan (ILL) 馆际互借When a book or other item needed by a registered borrower is checked out, unavailable for some other reason, or not owned by the library, a patron may request that it be borrowed from another library by filling out a printed interlibrary loan request form at a service desk, or electronically via the library's Web site. Some libraries also accept ILL requests via e-mail or by telephone, usually under exceptional circumstances. Materials borrowed on interlibrary loan may usually be renewed on or before the due date. Interlibrary loan is a form of resource sharing that depends on the maintenance of union catalogs. The largest interlibrary loan network in the world is maintained by OCLC,

which uses the WorldCat database as its union catalog. The Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) of the American Library Association (ALA) has developed an Interlibrary Loan Code for the United States.

International Council on Archives (ICA) 国际档案理事会Founded in 1948, ICA seeks to (1) encourage the development of archives in all countries, (2) facilitate the training of new archivists and conservators and the continuing education of working archivists and conservators, (3) promote implementation of a professional code of ethical conduct, (4) develop relations between archivists of all countries and between institutions concerned with the administration or preservation of records and archives and the professional training of archivists, and (5) facilitate the use of archival documents by making their contents widely known and by promoting ease of access. ICA sponsors an International Congress on Archives and publishes the quarterly journal Comma: International Journal on Archives (formerly Archivum) and a newsletter three times per year.

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) 国际图书馆协会联合会;国际图联An independent international nongovernmental association of library associations, libraries and related institutions, sponsors, and individuals, IFLA was founded in 1927 by 15 countries as the International Library and Bibliographical Committee to promote global cooperation, communication, and research in library science and librarianship. With association and institutional members in over 130 countries, IFLA has a democratic structure in which a general assembly of members (the Council) is the highest governing organ. The organization maintains a Secretariat headed by a Secretary-General in The Hague and sponsors an annual conference, the World Library and Information Congress, in a different member country each year.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 国际标准化组织A name derived from the Greek word isos, meaning "equal." Founded in London in 1947 with headquarters in Geneva, ISO is a nongovernmental federation of national standardization organizations in 130 countries, dedicated to establishing international standards to facilitate commerce and cooperation in scientific, technical, and economic endeavors. The United States is represented in ISO by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ISO operates through

图书馆学基础题库

图书馆学概论题库 第二章 图书馆学:性质、方法与趋势 1.图书馆学的相关学科 ? 有间接关联的学科 2.图书馆学的研究方法可以分为三个层次:哲学方法、一般科学方法、专门研究方法。 图书馆学研究方法 ) 术,创造学科发展新优势。⑶重视对知识的组织与控制,强化管理学科色彩。⑷积累与创 新相结合,探索新的学科生长点。 4. 图书馆学研究中可能出现的学科生长点 有⑴文献建构研究⑵ 元数据研究⑶搜索引擎研 究⑷数字图书馆研究⑸知识管理研究。 相关学科 同族关系 应用关系 哲学 情报学 — ------------ f 文献学 Jf f —E 交叉关系 P 教育学 社会学 管理学 心理学 数学 信息论 目录学 经济学 控制论 档案学 计算机科学、通信 系统论 直接关联的学科 哲学 一般研究方法 专门研究方法 逻辑方法 系统方法 % 数学方法 移植法 比较法 3.图书馆学的发展趋势 有:⑴调杳研究对象, 立足于更广阔的实践基础。 ⑵融合理论和技 1 读者调查法 图书馆统计方法

5. 图书馆是社会记忆的外存装置和传递装置。换句话说图书馆是社会知识、信息、文化的 记忆装置和扩散装置。 6. 图书馆的构成要素,主要包括①文献信息资源②用户③工作人员④技术方法⑤建筑与_______________ 备等基本要素。 7. 图书馆是人类社会发展到一定阶段的产物,人类社会信息交流的需要是图书馆产生的前提,文献的出 现是图书馆产生的直接原因, 科学技术的发展是图书馆事业发展的根本动力。 8. 影响图书馆发展的因素有⑴国家的经济实力和文化水平;⑵工业城市的出现和国家实现 强制教育;⑶科学技术的发展是图书馆发展的根本动力;⑷国家扶持和保护也是图书馆发 展的不可缺少的条件;⑸?国际间图书馆界的交流。 9. 图书馆发展的特点:⑴就世界范围来看,图书馆的发展具有不平衡性:⑵在一个国家内 部不同地区内,图书馆的发展也具有不平衡性;⑶图书馆由封闭式向开放式发展;⑷图书 _ 馆的职能在不断扩大;⑸图书馆的发展,始终与人类文明的发展同步进行。 10. 图书馆的一般属性有社会性、依辅性、学术性。中介性是图书馆的本质属性。 11. 图书馆工作的实质,就是转换文献信息,实现文献的使用价值和部分价值。 12. 图书馆的社会职能有:⑴社会文献信息流整序的职能⑵传递文献信息的职能⑶开发智_____________ 力资源与进行社会教育的职能⑷搜集和保存文献遗产的职能⑸满足社会 _____________________________ 乐消遣的职能。 第四章图书馆的类型 13. 国际标准化组织颁布的ISO2789-1974 (E)国际图书馆统计标准把图书馆分为六大类型,它们是国家 图书馆、高等院校图书馆、其他主要的非专门图书馆、学校图书馆、专门—图书馆、公共图书馆。通常认为公共图书馆、科学图书馆、高等院校图书馆是我国整个图 书馆事业的三大支柱。 14. 高等院校图书馆是为教学和科学研究服务的学术性机构,具有学术性和服务性_____________ 15. 我国军事图书馆大致可以分为三类:军事科学图书馆、军事院校图书馆、连队图书馆。 第五章图书馆事业 16. 图书馆事业建设的原则:⑴图书馆事业建设应与国民经济和科学文化教育事业的发展水平相适应;⑵国 家办馆和社会办馆相结合;⑶全面规划,统筹安排,分工协作,密切联系:⑷发展图书馆学教育,加强图书馆学研究。 2

图书借阅调查研究报告

图书借阅调查研究报告

2014年寒假实践周 调查报告题目:图书借阅调查报告 学生姓名:张蓉夏颖任李茹王磊薛嘉豪 学号: 10 18 28 42 41 专业:统计学 班级:统计1202 1302 指导教师:李林梅 完成日期:2014年 12月 23 日

摘要 此次,我们运用问卷调查的方式分析了西安财经学院大学生对书籍借阅频繁程度,借阅书籍类型,图书阅读情况,以及各年级对图书馆藏书的满意程度,各院系与过去一年图书借阅量的关系,各院系与图书借阅类型,各年级对管理制度的满意度。调查结果发现,我校大学生图书的借阅数量呈下降趋势。具体体现在以下三个方面: 大学生图书借阅比例不高。就我校而言,在校生有很多学生其图书借阅记录为零,这类人从数据上看,所占比例较大,不可小觑,这也导致了图书馆的资源未能充分利用,成为了一个潜在的隐患。不同年级学生对图书馆藏书的满意度明显不同。大部分同学对我校图书馆的满意度还是相对较好的,但同时也存在着不同学院借阅图书数量不等,且同个学院学生层次存在较大差异。年级的不同导致出现许多不同的结果。就不同年级来说,分析资源丰富满意度度与书籍借阅频繁程度时就会出现不同的结果,不过都存在着相关关系。 关键字:书籍年级满意度

大学生的阅读时间是整个学习生活的主体部分之一,通过大量的书籍阅读,不仅可以增加学生自己的眼界,同时还能很好的锻炼自我认识能力。我校图书馆越来越重视学生们对图书的利用情况和图书阅读情况,大学生在校期间获取知识的主要途径就是从图书馆借阅书籍。因此,信心123小组针对大学生校园借书情况进行一次详细的调查。 一、调查目的 通过调查,了解学生们的图书利用情况以及影响其借阅的各种因素;了解大学生学习状态;了解学生对图书馆的意见,为有关部门提供信息,以便更好地营造学习氛围。 二、调查对象 西安财经学院在校大学生。 三、调查内容 1.个人信息 2.学生借书情况:频次、类别、阅读情况 3.对图书馆藏书是否满意 4.图书馆数字化利用程度 5.图书馆的管理制度是否满意 6.图书馆哪些地方需要改进 四、调查方法 本次调查采取问卷调查方法,对西安财经学院在校大学生进行面谈访问。样本量为每个学生调查10份问卷。采用excel或spss对问卷进行处理与分析。 五、调查时间 2014年12月12日——2014年12月20日。 六、调查组织 1.调查设计:于斌、李林梅、王蕾 2.调查访问:西安财经学院统计学专业在校大学生 2.数据处理:西安财经学院统计学专业在校大学生 3.报告撰写:西安财经学院统计学专业在校大学生

图书馆学专业硕士研究生阅读书目

图书馆学专业硕士研究生阅读书目(2007-11-28 00:24:52) 标签:知识/探索图书馆学硕士推荐书目分类:图海情天翩然心 同学晨阳出海前段时间传给我一份张怀涛老师给图书馆学专业硕士研究生的推荐书目,如下: 图书馆学专业硕士研究生阅读书目 (仅供参考;带﹡号者有电子版) 一、补读(本科为非图书馆学专业者阅读) 1. ﹡吴慰慈,董焱.图书馆学概论(修订本). 北京图书馆出版社,2002 2. ﹡严怡民.情报学概论(修订版).武汉大学出版社,1994 3. ﹡张琪玉.情报语言学基础(增订2版).武汉大学出版社,1997 4. ﹡杨玉麟.信息描述. 高等教育出版社,2004 5. ﹡沈固朝.信息检索(多媒体)教程. 高等教育出版社,2002 二、必读部分 1. ﹡王子舟.图书馆学基础教程.武汉大学出版社,2003 2. ﹡于良芝.图书馆学导论.科学出版社,2003 3. ﹡徐引篪.现代图书馆学理论.北京图书馆出版社,1999 4. ﹡周文骏.文献交流引论.书目文献出版社,1986 5. ﹡刘昭东.信息工作理论与实践.科学技术文献出版社,1995

6. ﹡马费成.信息管理学基础.武汉大学出版社,2002 7. ﹡袁咏秋.外国图书馆学名著选读.北京大学出版社,1988 8. ﹡(印)阮冈纳赞著;夏云等译.图书馆学五定律.书目文献出版社,1988 9. ﹡米哈依诺夫. 科学交流与情报学. 科技文献出版社,1980 10. ﹡谢灼华.中国图书和图书馆史.武汉大学出版社,1987 11. ﹡吴建中.21世纪图书馆新论(第二版).上海科技文献出版社,2003 12. ﹡杨子竞.外国图书馆史简编.南开大学出版社,1990 13. ﹡范并思.20世纪西方与中国的图书馆学.北京图书馆出版社,2004 14. ﹡吴慰慈.当代图书馆学情报学前沿探寻.北京图书馆出版社,2002 15. ﹡王崇德.图书情报学方法论.科学技术文献出版社,1988 16. ﹡付立宏.图书馆管理教程.武汉大学出版社,2005 17. ﹡程焕文.信息资源共享.高等教育出版社,2004 18. 胡昌平,柯平.信息服务与用户研究.科技文献出版社,2005 19. ﹡申静. 咨询理论与实务.中国电力出版社出,2000

出版专业词汇

16-mo 十六开本 32-mo 三十二开本 64-mo 六十四开本 A format 大众市场纸皮书版式(178x111mm) AAA Association of Authors′ Agents 作者代理商协会 AAP Association of American Publishers 美国出版商协会ABA American Booksellers Association 美国书商协会abbreviations dictionary 缩略语词典 ABC book 启蒙读物 ABC 入门 abecedary 入门书 abridged edition 简易本,节本 abridgement 摘要 abstract bulletin 文摘通报 abstract journal 文摘杂志 abstract 摘要,提要 abstracts volume 文摘本 academic dissertation 学位论文 academic thesis 学术论文 accompanying diagram 附图 accordion fold 折页 accordion pleat 折页 account 报道,报导 acquiring editor 组稿编辑 acquisition 组稿 active series 在版丛书 active titles 热门书 adaption 编译 addendum 补遗 Addison-Wesley Publishing Company 艾迪生-韦斯利出版公司additive process 加色法 adhesive binding line 胶粘装订联动线 adhesive binding 胶粘装订 adolescence literature 青少年读物 adult book 成人读物(以别于儿童读物) advance against royalty 预付版税 advance contract 预签合同 advance copy 样书 advance of royalties 预付版税 advance payment of royalty 预付版税 advance payments to the author 给作者预付款 advance payments to the paper merchant 给造纸商预付款advance payments to the printer 给印刷厂预付款 advance payments 预付款

图书馆学基础

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助人们查找信息和解决问题;图书出版编辑在出版社从事图书编辑;图书馆员、档案管理员在图书馆或人事部、档案部(公务员)管理资料。 目前,图书馆事业随着社会文化事业的发展,正处于一个大发展的时期。因信息化技术的深入影响,图书馆建设面临着数字化、网络化的发展前景,因此对相关从业人员提出了更高的要求。图书馆学专业领域所需求的人员除必须具备一定水平的图书馆学知识外,更应该掌握一定的计算机、网络知识,及软件编制等技能。该专业对从业人员的要求必将以多学科人才、交叉学科人才为主。单纯掌握传统图书馆学知识的人员就业领域被进一步缩小,相反一些其他学科而又为图书馆建设所需求的人才会介入这一行业。可以预见,随着社会的发展,这一趋势会进一步显现。图书馆学从业人员需求的工作岗位是各类图书、资料、文献馆所。其工作任务是在信息资料和社会使用人员之间起沟通作用。其工作主要是对图书等各类信息加以提取、分类、组织、保存、管理,并有效地被使用者获得。工作性质属于社会公共服务范畴。部分人员从事教学、科研工作,以促进图书馆学的发展,适应社会对图书馆学建设的需求。毕业生就业时应根据本人所学知识类别,自身素质条件,选择相关用人单位,以发挥自己的专业特长。部分地区对于本专业毕业生的需求趋于饱和,这些地区的学生可根据自身条件尽可能选择发挥自己知识

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学科类英语单词

学科类英语单词 学科类英语单词 1、Chinese语文 2、English英语 3、Japanese日语 4、mathematics数学 5、science理科 6、gymnastics体育 7、history历史 8、algebra代数 9、geometry几何 10、geography地理 11、biology生物 12、chemistry化学 13、biochemistry生物化学 14、physics物理 15、physicalgeography地球物理 16、literature文学 17、sociology社会学 18、linguistics语言学 19、psycology心理学

20、philosophy哲学 21、engineering工程学 22、mechanicalengineering机械工程学 23、electronicengineering电子工程学 24、medicine医学 25、socialscience社会科学 26、agriculture农学 27、astronomy天文学 28、economics经济学 29、politics政治学 30、comercialscience商学 31、biochemistry生物化学 32、anthropology人类学 33、languistics语言学 34、accounting会计学 35、law,jurisprdence法学 36、banking银行学 37、metallurgy冶金学 38、finance财政学 39、mass-communication大众传播学 40、journalism新闻学 41、atomicenergy原子能学 42、civilengineering土木工程

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