Industrial Pressure Switches
CATALOG CONTENTS
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page Class 9012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 Class 9016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-18 Class 9025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-20 Type XML, T ype XMLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-60
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Description DESCRIPTION
The Class 9012 T ype G pressure switches are UL Listed and CSA Certi?ed as industrial control equipment. They are used to interface pneumatic or hydraulic systems with electrical control systems by opening or closing electrical contacts in response to pressure changes in the system. They have outstanding repeatability and drift performance. Their ef?cient design uses durable, low mass components for excellent performance under heavy duty vibration and shock conditions.
The T ype G pressure switches includes diaphragm and piston actuated devices with a variety of
modi?cations (see page 14).
T ype G diaphragm switches range from 0.2-675 psi falling pressure. Buna-N diaphragms and zinc plated steel ?anges are standard. Diaphragms of Viton? and ethylene propylene are available as well as stainless steel ?anges.
T ype G piston actuated switches range from 20-9,000 psi falling pressure. They have sealed pistons and can be used on air, water, oil, or any media compatible with the actuator material. Piston actuated switches come standard with stainless steel pistons and housings, VITON? diaphragms and o-ring seals, and T e?on? retaining rings. Ethylene propylene diaphragms and o-ring seals are also available.
Features for both diaphragm and piston actuated pressure switches include:
?High shock resistance
?Dual numerical range scale (psi and kPa)
?High set point stability
?SPDT or DPDT double break contacts
?Adjustable or nonadjustable differential
?Internal or external range adjustment
?No drain line required
?Single stage operation
?Dual stage operation
?Differential pressure operation
T ype G industrial switches are available as open type or in NEMA Type 1 enclosures. The backplate is steel with a plastic cover. Open type devices in pressure ranges up to 250 psi are available with internal or external threaded pressure connectors making them ideally suited for panel mounting.
T ype G machine tool switches have NEMA Type 4, 4X, or 13 (IEC IP66) cast aluminum enclosures. These devices are UL Listed and CSA Certi?ed as industrial control equipment. They are UL Listed for use in Class II, Division 2, Group G and Class III hazardous locations. They are also UL Marine Listed for use on vessels greater than 65 feet long where ignition protection is not required.
T ype G machine tool switches are also available in NEMA T ype 7 & 9 cast iron enclosures. These are UL Listed for use in Class I, Divisions 1 and 2, Groups C and D, and Class II, Divisions 1 and 2, Groups E, F, G hazardous locations.
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Application and General Information
APPLICATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Pressure switches are used in a wide variety of applications such as:
?compressors
?HVAC equipment
?chillers
?pumping systems
?machine tools
?stamping presses
?automatic grinders
?welders
?process equipment
?molding machines
Generally, Class 9012 pressure switches can be used in any application where electrical contacts must
open or close in response to a system pressure change, within the electrical and pressure ratings of the
switch.
T wo typical functions of a pressure switch are to:
?Monitor the pressure in the system. The switch can be used as either an interlock that will sequence operations in an automatic system, or to give an audio or visual signal, typically an alarm of an
undesired condition, at predetermined pressures.
?Control the pressure in the system by starting and stopping a pump or a compressor at
predetermined pressures.
Normally a switch with a nonadjustable differential is used in applications that monitor the pressure. An
adjustable differential switch is usually necessary in applications that require the switch to control the
pressure.
Bellows vs. Diaphragm
The three factors that affect bellows life are the compatibility of the pressure medium with the bellows
and bellows housing material, the amount of pressure change during each operating cycle, and the
speed of operation.
On wide pressure change applications, the bellows is ?exed over a wide portion of the range on each
operating cycle causing the metal to fatigue faster than if it ?exes over a small portion such as between
the operating points only. This will reduce life. The T ype G is offered with either diaphragm or piston
actuators only — for maximum versatility, speed of operation, and life.
Diaphragm life, like bellows life, is affected by pressure medium compatibility. Standard diaphragms on
Class 9012 T ype G devices are nitrile (Buna-N) in zinc plated steel ?anges. Fluorocarbon (VITON?) and
ethylene propylene diaphragms as well as Type 316 stainless steel ?anges are also available.
The elastomer diaphragms used on Class 9012 switches are capable of withstanding high speed cycling
and wide pressure changes. Operating speeds up to 200 cycles per minute are not detrimental to the
life of the diaphragm.
Surges which exceed the maximum range value may occasionally occur, especially on start-up of the
machine (see section on surges). The switch will withstand these occasional surges if they are within
the maximum allowable pressure rating of the switch. However, frequently applying this higher pressure
will greatly reduce the life of the switch.
Although the diaphragm will withstand wide pressure changes on each operating cycle, the pressure
applied to the diaphragm during the normal operating cycle should never exceed the maximum value
listed in the “Range” column in the catalog listing. Life will be considerably reduced if regularly cycled
above this pressure. If signi?cant surges are common or if pressures are higher than listed in the
“Range” column, consider the use of a piston device.
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Application and General Information Surges
One of the most destructive elements to a pressure switch is the hydraulic surge. A surge is a high rate of rise in pressure, normally of short duration, caused by starting a pump or opening and closing a valve. Extremely high rates of rise in pressure can be damaging even though they are within the limits of the maximum allowable pressure.
T o limit the effect of surges, the switch should be mounted as close to an accumulator and as far from the pump or quick acting valve as possible. Type G piston actuated switches are supplied with a 0.020" pressure ori?ce to help reduce the effects of minor surges. T ype G diaphragm actuated switches are supplied with a 0.060" pressure ori?ce. A restrictor with a small ori?ce placed in the line between the switch and pump or valve will further help to protect the switch. Using a surge snubber such as the Class 9049 T ypes A26 or A26S will also protect the switch.
Vibration
Among other things, excessive vibration can cause contact bounce, chatter or premature contact transfer especially when system pressure is near the operating point of the switch. Remote mounting of the switch is the best way to avoid problems.
Use On Steam
Switches should not be applied directly on steam exceeding 15 psig. However, with the installation of a Class 9049 T ype A7A steam capillary tubing kit between the pressure connection and the switch, steam pressure up to 250 psig may be applied provided this does not exceed the maximum allowable pressure rating of the switch or the maximum temperature rating at the actuator.
Piston vs. Diaphragm
Selecting between piston and diaphragm devices depends on several criteria: 1) maximum allowable pressure, 2) range and differential, 3) surges and 4) media, whether hydraulic or pneumatic.
Maximum allowable pressures for piston devices are much higher than for diaphragm devices. Most diaphragm devices have a maximum allowable pressure of 850 psi or less, where all piston devices have a maximum allowable pressure of 10,000 psi or more.
Range and differential for diaphragm devices are lower than for piston devices. Many applications call for a low differential, ie: 20 psi, which may exclude piston devices which have a minimum differential of 60 psi or more.
Surges are a part of every hydraulic system, and while many are small and have only a small effect on the switch, some are signi?cant and can potentially destroy a pressure switch. Diaphragm devices are the most sensitive to surges and will be damaged most easily. Piston devices are more tolerant of surges and will last longer in the same application.
Hydraulic systems, which typically use oil based media, are more demanding on a system because they are usually at higher pressures, have wider pressure variations and produce more surges since the media does not compress. Pneumatic systems, which are typically air, are less demanding on a system since they are usually at lower pressures and the medium can compress itself to cushion the effects of surges.
As a guide, follow these basic steps:
High maximum allowable pressures:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . piston Lower maximum allowable pressures: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . diaphragm Low differentials or pressures:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . diaphragm High pressures: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . piston Minimal surges: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . diaphragm or piston Constant surges: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . piston Hydraulic systems:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . piston Pneumatic systems: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . diaphragm
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Application and General Information
Piston Life
For long piston life, the pressure medium should be ?ltered to keep foreign matter such as dirt and chips out of the piston assembly. Type G sealed piston devices are not recommended for use on dry gas media since there could be some leakage past the seal. The amount of leakage will depend on the gas, media pressure and rate of operation. It is possible the switch would be inoperative. Dual Stage Pressure Switches
The T ype G is available with dual stage switches and provide two distinct levels of control from one device. These switches are most commonly used where dual functions are required or in sequencing applications such as alarm-shutdowns. Differential Pressure Switches
The T ype G is also available as a differential switch. These devices are used to monitor the change in the difference between two pressures. They are unidirectional devices and used in applications to signal that a predetermined pressure difference has been reached as a result of a widening or increasing difference between the pressures. They can also be used in applications to signal that a predetermined difference has been reached as a result of a narrowing or decreasing pressure difference between the two pressures. Summary
While a pressure switch may perform satisfactorily in one application, it may prove to be unsatisfactory in a different application. Therefore, the deciding factor in the selection of a pressure switch should be based on the requirements of the application being considered.When specifying a pressure switch, note the following:
?T o ensure repeatability and minimize setting drift, pressure settings should fall within the middle 80% of the pressure range. When the pressure settings approach 10% of the minimum or maximum end of the pressure range, select a switch with a lower or higher pressure range, respectively.
?When switches are required to be factory set and only one setting is identi?ed, specify whether this setting is on increasing or decreasing pressure.
?The pressure applied to a diaphragm actuated switch during a normal cycle should never exceed the maximum range value listed for the switch. The life of the switch will be reduced if the switch is regularly cycled above the maximum range value.
?Ensure the switch is rated to withstand any pressure surges that may occur at the switch location in the system. Any anticipated pressure surges should be less than the maximum allowable pressure listed for the switch.
?Ensure the wetted parts of the switch are compatible with the system ?uid.
?If system response time is critical, select a switch with a volumetric displacement that is compatible with the overall system. See table 1. Table 1:
Volumetric Displacement of Class 9012 Type Pressure Switches
Class 9012 Type
Volumetric Displacement (1)
(in 3 )
Volumetric Displacement (1)
(cm 3 )
GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW-1& 210.20774 3.40422GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW-2 & 220.07040 1.15385GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW-4 & 240.043200.70805GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW-5 & 250.021440.35140GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW-6 & 260.013760.22553GBR, GBW, GER, GEW-1 & 210.002000.13112GBR, GBW, GER, GEW-2 & 220.005120.08392GCR, GCW, GFR, GFW-1 & 210.003200.05245GCR, GCW, GFR, GFW-2 & 220.001170.01922GCR, GCW, GFR, GFW-3 & 230.000600.00924GCR, GCW, GFR, GFW-4 & 240.00037
0.00612
(1)
Figures shown are total displacement. When switch is operated between settings only, displacement will be 1/3 of values shown.
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Technical Overview TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
Operating Points (Settings)
Every pressure switch has two operating points; one on rising pressure and one of falling pressure. The operating point on rising pressure is referred to as the TRIP POINT and the operating point on falling pressure is referred to as the RESET POINT. These operating points are called the SETTINGS of the switch.
—TRIP POINT (rising pressure)
—RESET POINT (falling pressure)
Differential
The differential is the difference in pressure between the trip point and the reset point. It can be adjustable or nonadjustable (?xed).
Range
The range is the pressure limits within which the operating points (settings) can be adjusted. The range of the Class 9012 pressure switch is referenced to the operating point on falling pressure (reset point). The differential adds to the reset point setting and determines the operating point on rising pressure (trip point).
T o determine the operating range on rising pressure for a nonadjustable (?xed) differential type switch, the differential is added to both the low end of the range and the high end of the range.
For example, to determine the range on rising pressure for a Class 9012 Type GDW5:
1.Range on falling pressure = 3 to 150 psi
2.Nonadjustable differential = 6.0 ± 0.8 psi
3.Range on rising pressure = 9 ± 0.8 to 156 ± 0.8 psi
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Technical Overview
For adjustable differential type switches, add the minimum differential to the low end of the range and
the maximum differential to the high end of the range.
For example, to determine the range on rising pressure for a Class 9012 T ype GAW5:
1.Range on falling pressure = 3 to 150 psi
2.Adjustable differential = 6.0 to 30 psi
3.Range on rising pressure = 9 to 180
During the normal operating cycle, system pressure should never exceed the upper limit of the range
when using a diaphragm actuated switch. This will greatly reduce the life of the diaphragm.
Maximum Allowable Pressure
Maximum allowable pressure is the pressure to which a switch can be subjected without causing a
change in operating characteristics, shift in settings, or damage to the device.
Pressure surges may occur in a system during the start up of a machine or from valve operation. Surges
are not normally detrimental to the life of a switch if the surge is within the maximum allowable pressure
rating of the switch. Diaphragm actuated switches should not be subjected to more than 10 surges per
day. More frequent surges will greatly reduce the life of the diaphragm.
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Contact Arrangement
Snap switch contains two (2) double break contact elements (1 N.O. – and 1 N.C.) that must be used on circuits of same polarity.
contains two double break contact elements (1 N.O. and 1 N.C.) that must be used on circuits of same polarity.
electrically separate and can not be used on opposite polarities.
Circuit Ratings
a 600 volt DC rating does not apply.
Acceptable Wire Sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .#12-22 AWG Recommended T erminal Clamp Torque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 in-lbs Temperature Ratings
Type G Machine Tool, Temperature & Vacuum (except GVG)
Type G Industrial
Contacts
AC – 50 or 60 Hz DC
AC or DC
Volts
Inductive
35% Power Factor
Resistive 75% Power Factor Volts
Inductive and Resistive
Continuous Carrying Amperes
Make Break
Make and Break Amperes
Make and Break
Amperes Amps.
VA
Amps.
VA
Single Throw
Double Throw
SPDT
120
607200672061250.550.2210240307200372032500.270.1110480157200 1.5720 1.5600 a 0.10. . . .10600127200 1.2720 1.2. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .DPDT
120
607200672061250.220.2210240307200372032500.110.1110480157200 1.5720 1.5600. . . .. . . .10600
12
7200
1.2
720
1.2
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
Actuator
Minimum
Maximum
Ambient All -23 ° C (-10 ?F)+85 ° C (+185 ° F)
Media
Diaphragm -40 ° C (-40 ?F)+120 ° C (+250 ° F)
Piston
-26 ° C (-15 ?F) All with Forms Q4 and Q14
-26 °
C (-15 ?F)
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Dimensions
DIMENSIONS
Types GNG, GPG, GQG, GRG, GSG, and GTG Industrial Pressure Switches
Types GAW, GBW, GCW, GDW, GEW, GFW, GKW, GLW, and GMW Machine Tool Switches
Type
A Dimension, in(mm)
GNG, GRG - 3, 4, 5, 6 1.41 (36)GPG, GSG - 1, 2, 3 1.31 (33)GQG, GTG - 1, 2, 3, 4
2.24 (57)
Type
A Dimension, in(mm)
GAW, GDW, GKW - 2, 4, 5, 6
22, 24, 25, 26 2.33 (59)GBW, GEW, GLW -
1, 2, 21
2.23 (57)GCW, GFW, GMW - 1, 2, 3, 4
21, 22, 23, 24
3.15 (80)
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Selection and Modifications
SELECTION & MODIFICATIONS
Type G Machine Tool Switches
Class 9012 single stage pressure switches are control circuit rated devices. These switches are used in pneumatic or hydraulic systems on a wide variety of machine and process applications to protect the equipment. They either control or monitor the system pressure. h For metric threads, add M after the W on all types.
c UL Marine Liste
d for us
e on ships/vessels greater than 65 feet long where ignition protection is not required. Also UL Listed for use in Class II , Division 2, Group G and Class III hazardous locations.
a UL Marine Listed for use on vessels greater than 65 feet long where ignition protection is required. q Differential adds to range setting and determines operating point on rising pressure.
NOTE: When switches are required to be factory set and only one setting is identi?ed, specify whether this setting is on increasing or decreasing pressure.
Nonadjustable Differential h
NEMA Type 4, 4X, 13 Enclosure
UL Listed And CSA Certi?ed As Industrial Control Equipment
c
Range On Decreasing
Pressure PSIG
q Approximate Differential At
Mid Range — PSIG Maximum Allowable Pressure PSIG
Single Pole Double Throw
Double Pole Double Throw
Type
Type
Diaphragm Actuated – Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
.2-10.6 ± .1100GDW1GDW211-40 1.6 ± .4100GDW2GDW221.5-75 3.0 ± .5240GDW4GDW243-150 6.0 ± .8475GDW5GDW255-25010.0 ± 1.5750GDW6GDW2613-42516 ± 3.5850GEW1GEW2120-675
27 ± 52000GEW2
GEW22
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ? ) Diaphragm and O-ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring
20-100059 ± 910000GFW1GFW2190-2900170 ± 1515000GFW2GFW22170-5600289 ± 5520000GFW3GFW23270-9000495 ± 7025000GFW4GFW24
Nonadjustable Differential
NEMA Type 7 & 9 Enclosure
Class I & II , Division 1 & 2, Groups C, D, E, F, G UL Listed As Industrial Control Equipment a
Range On Decreasing
Pressure PSIG
q Approximate Differential At
Mid Range - PSIG Maximum Allowable Pressure PSIG
Single Pole Double Throw
Double Pole Double Throw
Type
Type
Diaphragm Actuated – Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
.2 - 10 1.0 ± .1100GDR1GDR211 - 40 2.4 ± .8100GDR2GDR221.5 - 75 4.5 ± 1240GDR4GDR243 - 1509 ± 1.5475GDR5GDR255 - 25015 ± 3750GDR6GDR2613 - 42525 ± 7850GER1GER2120 - 675
41 ± 102000GER2
GER22
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ? ) Diaphragm and O-ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring
20-100089 ± 1810000GFR1GFR2190-2900255 ± 3015000GFR2GFR22170-5600578 ± 11020000GFR3GFR23270-9000
788 ± 140
25000
GFR4
GFR24
Marking
Complies with IEC 957.5.1, 5C8.3.4 when protected with a Bussman Class CC KTK-R-10 fuse.
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Selection and Modifications
h For metric threads, add M after the W on all types.
c
UL Marine Listed for use on ships/vessels greater than 65 feet long where ignition protection is not required. Also UL Listed for use
in Class
II
, Division 2, Group G and Class
III hazardous locations.
a UL Marine Listed for use on vessels greater than 65 feet long where ignition protection is required.q Differential adds to range setting and determines operating point on rising pressure.
NOTE: When switches are required to be factory set and only one setting is identi?ed, specify whether this setting is on increasing or decreasing pressure.
Adjustable Differential h
NEMA Type 4, 4X, 13 Enclosure
UL Listed And CSA Certi?ed As Industrial Control Equipment c
Range On Decreasing
Pressure PSIG
q Adjustable Differential Approximate at Mid Range Maximum Allowable Pressure PSIG
Single Pole Double Throw
Double Pole Double Throw
Type
Type
Diaphragm Actuated - Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
.2 - 10.6 - 2100GAW1GAW211 - 40 1.6 - 8100GAW2GAW221.5 - 75 3.5 - 15240GAW4GAW243 - 150 6.0 - 30475GAW5GAW255 - 25010.0 - 49750GAW6GAW2613 - 42516 - 90850GBW1GBW2120 - 675
27 - 1302000GBW2
GBW22
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) Diaphragm and O-ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring
20 - 100059 - 20010000GCW1GCW2190 - 2900170 - 56015000GCW2GCW22170 - 5600289 - 126020000GCW3GCW23270 - 9000495 - 190025000GCW4GCW24
Adjustable Differential
NEMA Type 7 & 9 Enclosure
Class I & II , Division 1 & 2, Groups C, D, E, F, G UL Listed As Industrial Control Equipment a
Range On Decreasing
Pressure PSIG
q Adjustable Differential Approximate at Mid Range Maximum Allowable Pressure PSIG
Single Pole Double Throw
Double Pole Double Throw
Type
Type
Diaphragm Actuated – Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
.2 - 10 1.0 - 2100GAR1GAR211 - 40 2.4 - 8100GAR2GAR221.5 - 75 4.5 - 15240GAR4GAR243 - 1509 - 35475GAR5GAR255 - 25015 - 49750GAR6GAR2613 - 42525 - 90850GBR1GBR2120 - 675
41 - 1302000GBR2
GBR22
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) Diaphragm and O-ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring
20 -100089 - 20010000GCR1GCR2190 - 2900255 - 56015000GCR2GCR22170 - 5600578 - 126020000GCR3GCR23270 - 9000788 - 190025000GCR4GCR24
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Selection and Modifications
Differential Pressure Switch
Differential pressure switches are used to monitor the change in the difference between two pressures. T ype G differential pressure switches are unidirectional devices and are used in applications to signal that a predetermined pressure difference has been reached as a result of a widening or increasing difference between the two pressures. They can also be used in applications to signal that a predetermined pressure difference has been reached as a result of a narrowing or decreasing difference between the two pressures.
c UL Liste
d for us
e in Class II , Division 2, Group G and Class III hazardous locations. Also, UL Marine Listed for use on vessels
greater than 65 feet long where ignition protection is not required.
Dual Stage Pressure Switch
Class 9012 T ype G dual stage pressure switches are designed for use in applications where two
separate pressure operations must be controlled by a single pressure monitoring device. These controls are most commonly used where dual functions are required or in sequencing applications such as alarm shutdowns.
c UL Liste
d for us
e in Class II, Division 2, Group G and Class III hazardous locations. Also UL Marine Listed for use on vessels
greater than 65 feet long where ignition protection is not required.
NEMA Type 4, 4X, 13 Enclosures
UL Listed And CSA Certi?ed As Industrial Control Equipment c
Working Pressure
Range on Decreasing
X (upper) Actuator
Adjustable Difference on Decreasing Pressure (adds to working pressure) Y (lower) Actuator
Adjustable Differential
Actuates on Increasing
Pressure (adds to
adjustable difference)
Maximum Allowable Pressure
Single Pole Double Throw Double Pole Double Throw
Type
Type
Diaphragm Actuated – Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
0 - 75
.25 - 10.8 - 2100GGW1GGW210 - 175.5 - 36 5 - 15240GGW4GGW240 - 500
3 - 17522 - 90850GHW1GHW21
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) Diaphragm and O-ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring 0 - 5000
15 - 82580-2007500GJW1GJW21
Dual Stage Pressure Switch NEMA Type 4, 4X, 13 Enclosure
UL Listed And CSA Certi?ed As Industrial Control Equipment c
Range Setting Limits of Pressure Between Which Stage 1 can be Adjusted to Operate on Decreasing Pressure Adjustable Spread Adds to
Range Setting to Obtain
Decreasing Operating Point
of Stage 2
Fixed Differential — Add to Low
(decreasing) Operating Point to Obtain Approximate High (rising) Operating Point of Each Stage Maximum
Allowable
Pressure
SPDT
each Stage Stage 1Stage 2
Type
Diaphragm Actuated – Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
.2 - 10 1 - 5 1.0 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.4100GKW11 - 40 4 - 20 4.0 ± 1.0 6.0 ± 1.5100GKW21.5 - 75 6 - 30 5.0 ± 1.58.0 ± 2.0240GKW43 - 15012 - 758.0 ± 2.012 ± 3475GKW55 - 25022 - 11014 ± 321 ± 5750GKW613 - 42540 - 18020 ± 430 ± 7.5850GLW120 - 67545 - 25030 ± 645 ± 112000GLW2
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) Diaphragm and O-ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring
20 - 100050 - 30050 ± 1075 ± 1910000GMW190 - 2900140 - 800140 ± 30210 ± 5215000GMW2170 - 5600300 - 1700275 ± 60400 ± 10020000GMW3270 - 9000500 - 2500400 ± 80800 ± 15025000GMW4
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Selection and Modifications
Class 9012, Type G, Machine Tool Modi?cations
Modi?cation
Applies To:
Form
Side conduit hub not available separately nor as a replacement.Standard on GAW, GAWM, GDW, GDWM, GGW, GKW1, 21 only. Available on all other GAW thru GMW, GAWM thru GFWM.
B2Removable conduit hub
Standard with Forms E2, E3, E4, K, K1, M14. Available on all GAW thru GMW and GAWM thru GFWM except T ypes 1 and 21. Standard on Types GGW4 & 24, GHW & GJW.
B4Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) Enclosure Gaskets All T ypes except NEMA 7 and 8.
D6Pull-to-test button
GAW thru GFW and GAWM thru GFWM only.
E2Lock on rising pressure, manual reset only Available on GDW, GDWM, GEW, GEWM, GFW, GFWM only.E3Lock on falling pressure, manual reset only Available on GDW, GDWM, GEW, GEWM, GFW, GFWM only.E4Mounting feet (factory installed only)GAW, GAWM, GDW, GDWM, GGW, GKW1, 21 only.F 120 Volt AC or DC neon pilot light with clear lens
with red lens
Available on all GAW thru GMW, GAWM thru GFWM.G17G18240 Volt AC or DC neon pilot light with clear lens
with red lens For replacement pilot lights:
See 9998 PC-303 through 305.G19G2024 Volt DC only LED
with clear lens with red lens
For pilot light conversion kits:
See 9998 PC-306 through 308.
Complete Class and T ype information required.
G21G22SPDT snap switch rated 1.1 Amp at 125 VDC (minimum differential doubles)
Available on GAR thru GFR, GAW thru GJW, GAWM thru GFWM.H3Prewired 5 pin Brad Harrison male receptacle #41310 or
interchangeable Crouse-Hinds receptacle at our convenience. For use with Brad Harrison female portable plug #41306, 41307, 41308 or equal
Available on GAW thru GJW single pole devices only. See diagrams below.
H10or H11External range adjustment (includes knob and range scale window)GAW thru GFW, GAWM thru GFWM, GKW thru GMW.K External range adjustment slotted for screwdriver (includes range scale window)
GAW thru GFW, GAWM thru GFWM, GKW thru GMW.
K1Pg 13.5 conduit thread and 1/4 - 19 BSP pressure connection.GAW thru GFW, GKW thru GMW M12G 1/4" BS2779 parallel pipe thread on pressure connection.
GGW, GHW, GJW
M14GAW thru GFW, GKW thru GMW M14Actuator prepared for oxygen service GGW, GHW
O1GAR, GBR, GDR, GER, GAW, GBW, GDW, GEW, GAWM, GBWM,
GDWM, GEWM, GKW, GLW O1Standard Nitrile (Buna-N) diaphragm in #316 stainless steel ?ange GGW-1, 21 only.
Q1All other GGW, GHW only.
Q1GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW, GAWM, GDWM, GKW1, 21 only.
Q1All other GAR, GBR, GDR, GER, GAW, GBW, GDW, GEW, GAWM, GBWM, GDWM, GEWM, GKW, GLW
Q1Ethylene propylene diaphragm in #316 stainless steel ?ange Available on all GGW, GHW except GGW-1, 21.
Q3Available on all GAR, GBR, GDR, GER, GAW, GBW, GDW, GEW, GAWM,
GBWM, GDWM, GEWM, GKW, GLW except T ypes 1 and 21.Q3Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) diaphragm in #316 stainless steel ?ange GGW1, 21 only.
Q4All other GGW, GHW.
Q4GAR, GAW, GBR, GBW, GDR, GDW, GER, GEW, GAWM, GBWM,
GDWM, GEWM, GKW-1, 21 only.
Q4All other GAR, GAW, GBR, GBW, GDR, GDW, GER, GEW, GAWM, GBWM, GDWM, GEWM, GKW, GLW.Q4Ethylene propylene diaphragm and O-ring
GJW only.
Q5GCR, GCW, GFR, GFW, GCWM, GFWM, GMW Q5Ethylene propylene diaphragm in standard zinc plated steel ?ange Available on all GGW, GHW except GGW1, 21.
Q13Available on all GAR, GBR, GDR, GER, GAW, GBW, GDW, GEW, GAWM,
GBWM, GDWM, GEWM, GKW, GLW except T ypes 1 and 21.Q13Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) diaphragm in standard zinc plated steel ?ange GGW1, 21 only.
Q14All other GGW, GHW.
Q14GAR, GAW, GBR, GBW, GDR, GDW, GER, GEW, GAWM, GBWM, GDWM, GEWM, GKW1, 21 only
Q14All other GAR, GAW, GBR, GBW, GDR, GDW, GER, GEW, GAWM, GBWM, GDWM, GEWM, GKW, GLW
Q14Range scale window (standard with Forms K and K1)GAW thru GMW, GAWM thru GFWM.
V11/4
"-18 NPT external thread pressure connection
GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW, GGW, GKW. Not available in combination with Forms Q1, Q3, Q4.
Z Fungus proo?ng per MIL-T -152B with varnishes per MIL-V-173A All T ypes.
Z121/2"-14 NPT external thread, 1/4"-18 NPTF internal thread pressure connection GAR, GAW, GDR, GDW, GGW, GKW. Not available in combination with Forms Q1, Q3, Q4.
Z167/16
"-20 UNF-2B internal thread pressure connection
GAR thru GFR; GAW thru GMW. Not available in combination with Forms Q1, Q3, Q4.
Z18
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Selection and Modifications
q Determines operating point on rising pressure.
q Determines operating point on rising pressure
Nonadjustable Differential
Open Type, NEMA Type 1 Enclosure
UL Listed And CSA Certi?ed As Industrial Control Equipment
Range On Decreasing
Pressure PSIG
q Approximate Differential At Mid Range – PSIG Maximum Allowable Pressure PSIG Open Type
NEMA Type 1
Type
Type
Diaphragm Actuated – Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
.2 - 10.4 ± 1100GRO1GRG11 - 40 1.2 ± .3100GRO3GRG31.5 - 75 2.2 ± .4240GRO4GRG43 - 150 4.2 ± 1475GRO5GRG55 - 2507.4 ± 2750GRO6GRG613 - 42513 ± 3850GSO1GSG120 - 675
19 ± 52000GSO2GSG2
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) Diaphragm and O-Ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring.
20 - 100049 ± 1010000GTO1GTG190 - 2900141 ± 1515000GTO2GTG2170 - 5600200 ± 4020000GTO3GTG3270 - 9000350 ± 4525000GTO4GTG4
Adjustable Differential
Open Type, NEMA Type 1 Enclosure
UL Listed And CSA Certi?ed As Industrial Control Equipment
Range On Decreasing
Pressure PSIG
q Approximate Mid Range Differential Adds To Decreasing Set Point
Maximum Allowable Pressure PSIG
Open Type NEMA Type 1
Type
Type
Diaphragm Actuated - Nitrile (Buna-N) Diaphragm, Zinc Plated Steel Housing
.2 - 10.4 - 1.5100GNO1GNG11 - 40 1.2 - 6100GNO3GNG31.5 - 75 2.2 - 11240GNO4GNG43 - 150 4.2 - 22475GNO5GNG55 - 2507.4 - 56750GNO6GNG613 - 42513 - 62850GPO1GPG120 - 67519 - 982000GPO2GPG2
Piston Actuated – #440 Stainless Steel Piston.
#303 Stainless Steel Housing, Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) Diaphragm and O-Ring, TEFLON ? Retaining Ring.
20 - 100049 - 15010000GQO1GQG190 - 2900141 - 45515000GQO2GQG2170 - 5600200 - 95020000GQO3GQG3270 - 9000350 - 140025000GQO4GQG4
NEMA Type 1
Open Type
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9012, Type G–Selection and Modifications
.
Available Modi?cations for Class 9012 Type G Open Type, NEMA Type 1 Enclosure
UL Listed And CSA Certi?ed As Industrial Control Equipment
Modi?cation
Applies to:
Form
Actuator prepared for oxygen service
GNG, GNO, GPG, GPO, GRG, GRO, GSG, GSO O1Standard Nitrile (Buna-N) diaphragm in #316 stainless steel housing
GNG, GNO, GRG, GRO1 only
Q1All other GNG, GNO, GPG, GPO, GRG, GRO, GSG, GSO
Q1Ethylene propylene diaphragm in #316 stainless steel housing Not available on GNG, GNO, GRG, GRO1. Available on all other GNG, GNO, GPG, GPO, GRG, GRO, GSG, GSO
Q3Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) diaphragm in #316 stainless steel housing.GNG, GNO, GRG, GRO1 only
Q4All other GNG, GNO, GPG, GPO, GRG, GRO, GSG, GSO
Q4Ethylene propylene diaphragm & O-ring
GQG, GQO, GTG, GTO
Q5Ethylene propylene diaphragm in standard zinc plated steel housing Not available on GNG, GNO, GRG, GRO1. Available on all other GNG, GNO, GPG, GPO, GRG, GRO, GSG, GSO
Q13Fluorocarbon (VITON ?) diaphragm in standard zinc plated steel housing.
GNG, GNO, GRG, GRO1 only
Q14All other GNG, GNO, GPG, GPO, GRG, GRO, GSG, GSO
Q141?4 - 18 NPT external thread pressure connection
GNG, GNO, GRG, GRO Z 1?
2 - 14 NPT external thread, 1
?4 - 18 NPTF internal thread pressure connection.
Standard actuator only.
GNG, GNO, GRG, GRO
Z167?
16-20 UNF-2B internal thread pressure connection
GNG, GNO, GPG, GPO, GQG, GQO, GRG, GRO, GSG, GSO, GTG, GTO
Z18
File E12158CCN NKPZ File LR 25490Class 3211 03
Industrial Vacuum Switches
Class 9016, Type GAW
TYPE GAW
Sensitive Control Applications
GAW types are provided with double throw contacts; normally open and normally closed circuits allow these controls to be used for standard or reverse action applications.
Standard Controls can be mounted from the front with the bracket provided. T wo mounting screws will be required for a ?rm attachment to any smooth, ?at surface. Allowance must be made for ?ange projection. Controls with Form F modi?cation include two mounting feet wih 9/32" mounting holes on 33/4" centers. Range and Differential adjustments are internal and exposed by removal of the front cover.
Maximum allowable positive pressure: 100 PSIG.
Diaphragms are oil resisting, nitrile butadiene rubber (BUNA N).
Electrical Ratings and T emperature Limitations – See page 9 for T ype G machine tool pressure switches.
a Add Differential to Range to obtain operating point on increasing vacuum (within vacuum limitations). Differential increases linearly over range.
q Min. differential doubles with NEMA Type 7 & 9 enclosures.
File
E12443
CCN
NOWT File Class LR 25490
3211 06
T ype GAW Only
Class 9016 Diaphragm Actuated
Range on
Decreasing Vacuum
(Ins. of Hg.)
Adjustable Differential Adds to Range a (Ins. of Hg.)
Contact Arrangement
Pipe Tap (NPTF)
NEMA Type
4, 4X & 13
Encl.
NEMA Type
7 & 9 q
Type
Type
0-28.7At Minimum Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8-9At Mid Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-7.4
1 N.O.-1 N.C.1/4-18GAW1GAR10-255-20
1 N.O.-1 N.C.1/4-18GAW2N/A 0-28.3At Minimum Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9At Mid Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7-7.4
2 N.O.-2 N.C.1/4-18GAW21GAR210-25
5-20
2 N.O.-2 N.C.
1/4-18
GAW22
N/A
Available Modi?cations
Modi?cations Description
Form
Side conduit hub
B2
Removable conduit hub
B4Mounting feet (GAW 1+21 Only)F VITON ? diaphragm Q14Range scale window
V11/4
-18 NPT external thread pressure connection Z Fungus proo?ng per MIL-T -152B with varnishes per MIL-V-173A
Z121/2-14 NPT external thread, 1/4
-18 NPTF internal thread pressure connection (standard actuator only) Z16
Industrial Vacuum Switches
Class 9016, Type GVG
TYPE GVG
The Class 9016 T ype GVG1 is designed as a companion to the Class 9036 T ype GG and the Class 9037 T ype GG ?oat switches in common use on vacuum heating pumps. Electrical ratings of ?oat and vacuum switch types are equal.
Maximum allowable positive pressure: 150 PSIG.
CONTROL CIRCUIT RATING: A600
For other ratings and speci?cations see page 9.Dimensions
Class 9016 Contacts Open On Increasing Vacuum Cut-Out Range
Approximate Adjustable
Differential
Cut-In Range
Poles
Pressure Connection
NEMA Type 1 Encl.
Type
5-25 In. Hg.
5-10 In. Hg.
0-20 In. Hg.
2
1/
4-18 NPSF
GVG1
File E12158CCN
NKPZ File Class LR 25490
3211 06
Special Features
Description
Form Letter
3-Way Lever - Nameplate marked: Float only - Vacuum and Float - Continuous (Factory Modi?cation Only)Form E Mounting Bracket (For Retro?t Order Class 9049 T ype A-53 Bracket Kit) Form F Reverse action - Normally open contacts
Form R 1/
4 Inch Male Pipe Connection (1/4"-18 NPT , External Thread) (For Retro?t, Use 1
/4" Pipe Nipple)
Form Z
Electrical Ratings - 9016 GVG Types
Voltage
Single Phase AC Polyphase AC DC
110 V 1 HP 220 V 2 HP 3 HP 1 HP
440-550V 3 HP 5 HP 32 V
5 HP
5 HP
1/2 HP
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9025, Types GXW and GYW
TYPES GXW AND GYW
For the Automatic Control of Temperature Maintaining Equipment In Industrial and General Duty Applications.
Industrial T ype Enclosures are Die Cast Aluminum, Water-tight, Oil Resistant, and Corrosion Resistant Heating T ypes - These temperature controllers are recommended for heating applications where the temperature to be controlled is higher than the normal or ambient temperature. IMPORT ANT: Where the ambient temperature may vary from a value below the control point to a value above it, the use of a universal or cross ambient bulb would be required. The 9025 GXW and GYW are not intended for this service.
Applications - Controlling the temperature of liquid baths, bearings, internal combustion engines, large air compressors, etc., are possible applications for these devices.Ambient T emperature Range:
Minimum: -56 °C (-70 °F) Maximum: +85 °C (+185 °F).
j Maximum bulb pressure is 3000 psi.
q For a 9025GXW switch in a NEMA T ype 7 & 9 enclosure, change the type to 9025GXR. Minimum differentials double for G t R devices.
Class 9025 Non Cross Ambient Heating Controls NEMA Type 4, 4X, 13 Enclosures v
Range on
Decreasing Temp. °F (at sea level)
Adjustable Differential ± Adds
to Range Maximum Allowable Temp. j °F
Single Pole Double Throw
Double Pole Double Throw
Decreasing Set Point
Single Pole
Type
Type
Capillary (6 Feet) And Bulb T
ype — Vertical Or Horizontal Immersion
85-145
Min Range 8-55190GXW2GXW22125-240
Mid Range 7-40260
GXW3
GXW23
Max Range 7-25180-280
Min Range 19-55330
GXW4
GXW24
Mid Range 18-40Max Range 17-25210-355 Min Range
21-35450
GXW5
GXW25
Mid Range 15-25Max Range
8-16
Direct Connection T ype — Vertical Immersion
85-145Min Range 8-55190GYW2GYW22125-240
Mid Range 7-40260
GYW3
GYW23
Max Range
6-25
File E132998CCN XBDV File LR 25490Class 4813 02
Type GXW
Bellows Housing (Plated Steel)Capillary (Plated Copper)
Cylinder (#304 Stainless Steel)
End Plug (Brass)Type GYW
Industrial Pressure Switches
Class 9025, Types GXW and GYW
Acceptable Wire Sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .#12-22 AWG Recommended T erminal Clamp Torque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 in-lbs For other ratings and speci?cations see page 9.Accessories
Modi?cation
Form
Substitute 6' of armored capillary tubing for standard capillary A6Substitute 12' of armored capillary tubing for standard capillary A12Substitute 16' of armored capillary tubing for standard capillary
A16Side conduit hub. Not available seperately nor as a replacement. Standard on GYW. Available on GXW B2Removable conduit hub. GXW only B4Push button - push-to-test
E2Push button - lock out or in on rising temperature, manual reset only E3Push button - lock out or in on falling temperature, manual reset only E4120 Volt AC or DC Neon Pilot Light
with clear lens with red lens G17G18240 Volt AC or DC Neon Pilot Light
with clear lens with red lens G19G2024 Volt DC ONL Y LED Pilot Light
with clear lens with red lens
G21G22SPDT Snap Switch Rated 1.1 AMP at 125 VDC
H3Prewired 5-pin Brad Harrison male receptacle 41310 or interchangeable Crouse-Hinds Receptacle at our convenience. For use with Brad Harrison female portable plug #41306, 41307, 41308 or equal. See Diagrams on page 14.
H10or H11External range adjustment (includes range scale window and knob)
K External range adjustment slotted for screwdriver (includes range scale window)K1Substitute 12' of capillary tubing for standard capilllary L12Substitute 16' of capillary tubing for standard capillary L16Range scale window (standard with Forms K and K1
V1Fungus proo?ng per MIL-T -1528 with varnishes per MIL-V-173A
Z12
Type
Description
Applies to Class
A8B T ank ?tting, 400 psi maximum pressure, 3/4" O.P .T .9025GXW A30Brass Well
9025GYW A31Stainless Steel Well 9025GYW A34Brass Well
9025GXW A35
Stainless Steel Well
9025GXW
第一部分Concept HDL第二部分Allegro 菜单栏 文件、编辑、察看、器件、连线、文本、模块、组、显示、PSpice、工具、窗口、帮助1．文件菜单 原菜单中文菜单说明 新建 打开 关闭 保存 另存为 保存所有 保存层 转换 恢复 移动 编辑页和符号下一层菜单见下表 编辑层同上 返回 改变组件设置启动的工具 察看搜索栈 物理输出进行封装并输出 物理输入从Allegro导入 IFF输入导入IFF文件 打印设置 打印预览 打印输出可输出原理图 退出 注：若菜单中的说明项为空，则表示不不需要说明或说明项与中文菜单相似。以下相 下一页 前一页 转向 加入新页 下一层 上一层
撤销 重做 移动 复制 复制所有 重复复制 排列 删除 颜色 分割 镜像 翻转 旋转 模块顺序 画弧 画圆 3．察看菜单 放大矩形范围 放大到满屏 放大 缩小 按比例放大 上移 下移 左移 右移 预览 网格设定 状态条 错误信息条 控制窗口 数据栏 工具栏
添加器件 替换器件 改变版本可改变器件符号的显示类 型 修改 部分可设置器件在封装中的位 置 交换针脚 删除 5．连线菜单 连线需要从一点画到另一点 连线点击两点自动连线 添加信号名 添加总线名 连结总线 设定总线参数 画点 连线加粗 连线减细 设置连线的图案 6．文本菜单 特性设置 习惯设置 器件赋值可对电阻电容等进行赋值 理性文本 设置端点的名称 添加注释 打开文本文档 设置字体大小 放大 缩小 交换 重新连结 特性显示下一层菜单如下
显示名称 显示值 两样都显示 不可见 7．模块菜单 添加 重命名 扩展 连线 连线 添加针脚 重命名针 删除针脚 移动针脚 输入针脚 输出针脚 双向针脚 8．组菜单 创建组下一层菜单在下表 设定当前组 显示组的内容 移动 复制 复制全部 设置复制个数 设置文字大小 改变注释 删除 设定颜色 激活 器件 特性显示 矩形框内创建为一组 多边形框内创建为一组 用表达式创建 下一个
第八章Allegro PCB设计 本章主要讲解如何使用Cadence公司的PCB Editor软件来进行印制电路板（PCB）的设计。由于前面已经讲述了焊盘以及PCB封装的制作，本章主要讲解如何创建PCB外形框图符号、PCB Editor的使用、PCB设计的规则设置以及PCB设计的布局、布线等几个方面。 对于一个项目的设计，如果把原理图的设计看作设计的前端，那么PCB设计就是这个项目的后端，PCB设计是由原理图设计来约束、决定的，一个项目的PCB设计是从原理图输出到PCB设计环境开始的。 一、PCB Editor软件介绍 1、PCB Editor软件的打开 在前面的学习过程当中，我们一直是从项目界面中点击“Layout”按钮来启动PCB Editor软件，另一种方法就是直接启动“开始菜单/程序/Allegro SPB 15.5.1/PCB Editor”。 2、Allegro界面 Allegro是Cadence公司的PCB设计工具，提供了一个完整、易操作的PCB 设计环境，其用户界面包括、标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、编辑窗口、控制面板、状态栏、命令栏及视窗栏组成，如图8_1所示。 8_1
下面详细介绍一下各栏： 1）标题栏 标题栏是显示当前打开的界面的位置及所选的模块信息。 2）菜单栏 Allegro的菜单栏共由File（文件类）、Edit（编辑类）、View（查看类）、Add （添加类）、Display（显示类）、Setup（设置类）、Shape（敷铜类）、Logic（逻辑类）、Place（布局类）、Route（布线类）、Analyze（分析类）、Manufacture（制造类）、Tools（工具类）以及Help（在线帮助）等14个下拉菜单组成。 （1）File 文件类的下拉菜单中的命令主要包括：新建、打开、查看最近的设计及保存文件，输入、输出一些文件信息，查看一些临时文件，打印设置、打印预览、打印、设定文件属性、更改产品模块，录制scr文件及退出命令。 （2）Edit 编辑栏的下拉菜单中主要包括：移动、复制、镜像、选装、更改、删除、敷铜（Z-copy）、负片层处理、调整线、编辑字符、编辑组、编辑属性、编辑网名的属性、前进及返回上一步命令。 （3）View 查看栏的下拉菜单主要是有关界面的操作，如放大显示、缩小、适中显示、颜色的设置、更新及用户自定义界面等命令。 （4）Add 添加栏的下拉菜单主要包括：添加一条线、添加一个圆弧、添加一个圆、添加矩形、添加字符等命令。 （5）Display 显示栏的下拉菜单中包括：各条目颜色的设置、查看信息、测量、查看各属性、高亮显示、取消高亮显示、显示特定的飞线、不显示飞线等命令。 （6）Setup 设置栏的下拉菜单主要是对Allegro的属性进行设置，如制图参数设置、制图状态设置、字号的设置、设置子层、设置叠层结构及材料、设置过孔、设置规则、定义属性、定义列表、设置特定的区域、设置边框及用户自定义的设置等命令。 （7）Shape 敷铜栏的下拉菜单主要是有关正片敷铜的一些命令，这里的敷铜不仅仅是信号层的敷铜，也包括一些区域和禁止布线区域等。此下拉菜单主要包括：敷铜、选中一个敷铜或避让、手动避让、编辑敷铜的边界、删除孤立的铜、改变敷铜的类型、合并敷铜、检查及动态敷铜的设置等。 （8）Logic 逻辑栏的下拉菜单主要是有关逻辑类的操作，如更改网名、定义网络拓扑、定义差分对、定义直流变量、更改位号、定义分部分、终端分配等命令。 （9）Place 布局栏的下拉菜单基本上都是与布局相关的操作，如手动添加元件、自动添加元件、自动布局、调整引脚映射、更新库、更新设置文件等。 （10）Route
Cadence allegro菜单解释——file 已有320 次阅读2009-8-16 19:17 | 个人分类: | 关键词 :Cadence allegro file 菜单解释 每一款软件几乎都有File 菜单，接下来详细解释一下allegro 与其他软件不同的菜单。 new 新建 PCB文件，点 new 菜单进入对话框后， drawing type 里面包含有 9 个选项， 一般我们如果设计 PCB就选择默认第一个 board 即可。 如果我们要建封装库选 package symbol即可，其他 7 个选项一般很少用，大家可 以理解字面意思就可以知道什么意思了。 open 打开你所要设计的PCB文件，或者封装库文件。 recent designs 打开你所设计的PCB文件，一般是指近期所设计的或者打开过的PCB文件。 save 保存 save as 另存为，重命名。 import import 菜单包含许多项，下面详细解释一下我们经常用到的命令。 logic 导入网表，详细介绍在 allegro 基础教程连载已经有介绍，在此不再详细介 绍。 artwork 导入从其他 PCB文件导出的 .art 的文件。一般很少用词命令。 命令 IPF和 stream 很少用，略。 DXF导入结构要素图或者其他DXF的文件。 导入方法如下： 点import/DXF 后，在弹出的对话框选择，在DXF file里选择你要导入的DXF的路径， DXF units选择 MM ，然后勾选 use default text table 和 incremental addition ，其他默认即可。再点 edit/view layers 弹出对话框，勾选 select all，DXF layer filter 选择 all，即为导入所有层的信息，然后在下面的 class里选择 board geometry，subclass选择 assembly_notes，因为一般导入结构要素图都是导入这一层，然后 点ok，进入了点 import/DXF 后弹出的对话框，然后点 import 即可将结构要素图导入。 IDF IFF Router PCAD这四个命令也很少用，略。 PADS一般建库的时候导入焊盘。 sub-drawing 命令功能非常强大，也是我们在 PCB设计中经常用的命令，如果能 够非常合理的应用 sub-drawing 命令会提高我们设计 PCB的效率。
C a d e n c e a l l e g r o菜单解释——f i l e 已有320次阅读2009-8-1619:17|个人分类:|关键词:Cadenceallegrofile菜单解释每一款软件几乎都有File菜单，接下来详细解释一下allegro与其他软件 不同的菜单。 new 新建PCB文件，点new菜单进入对话框后，drawingtype里面包含有9 个选项，一般我们如果设计PCB就选择默认第一个board即可。 如果我们要建封装库选packagesymbol即可，其他7个选项一般很少用，大家可以理解字面意思就可以知道什么意思了。 open 打开你所要设计的PCB文件，或者封装库文件。 recentdesigns 打开你所设计的PCB文件，一般是指近期所设计的或者打开过的PCB文件。 save 保存 saveas 另存为，重命名。 import import菜单包含许多项，下面详细解释一下我们经常用到的命令。 logic导入网表，详细介绍在allegro基础教程连载已经有介绍，在此不 再详细介绍。
artwork导入从其他PCB文件导出的.art的文件。一般很少用词命令。 命令IPF和stream很少用，略。 DXF导入结构要素图或者其他DXF的文件。 导入方法如下： 点import/DXF后，在弹出的对话框选择，在DXFfile里选择你要导入的DXF的路径，DXFunits选择MM，然后勾选usedefaulttexttable和incrementaladdition，其他默认即可。再点edit/viewlayers弹出对话框， 勾选selectall，DXFlayerfilter选择all，即为导入所有层的信息，然后在 下面的class里选择boardgeometry，subclass选择assembly_notes，因 为一般导入结构要素图都是导入这一层，然后点ok，进入了点 import/DXF后弹出的对话框，然后点import即可将结构要素图导入。IDFIFFRouterPCAD这四个命令也很少用，略。 PADS一般建库的时候导入焊盘。 sub-drawing命令功能非常强大，也是我们在PCB设计中经常用的命令，如果能够非常合理的应用sub-drawing命令会提高我们设计PCB的效率。导入sub-drawing命令一般是将我们所导出sub-drawing的组建导入，包 括线孔等等。例如我们在合作的过程中，将其他人画的线导入你所设计 的PCB中，一般导入和导出的文件都是相同的PCB文件，也就是说板框outline和相对坐标零点时一样的，这样我们无论在导入还是导出的的时
1.平移：按住鼠标滚轮拖动。 2.缩放：滚轮向上放大，滚轮向下缩小；按下滚轮，出现双圈，向左上或右上移动鼠标， 出线矩形框，再按下滚轮，放大到矩形区域；按下滚轮，出现双圈，向下移动鼠标，出线矩形框，再按下滚轮，缩小到矩形区域。 3.光标处定为中心点：按下滚轮，出现双圈，再按下滚轮或左键。 4.层叠结构与特征阻抗设置：Setup—>Cross Section（横截面）或Setup—>Subclasses（子 类）—>Etch（蚀刻）；或点工具栏上的图标，三种方法都可以打开。 5.颜色管理：点工具栏上的图标。 6.PLANE用正片还是负片：单打独斗，无专人负责管理封装库的，用正片；团队作战， 有专人管理封装库的，用负片。刘佰川做的库只能用正片。 7.常用快捷键： F2 全屏显示 F9 取消命令，也可右键菜单-》Cancel SF8 高亮（先按shift+F8，然后点需高亮的对象；另一种方法是输入文字SF8回车，然后点需高亮的对象） SF7 取消高亮 SF4 测量间距，也可点工具栏上的图标，测量命令下，右键菜单可选择Snap元素类型 8.过滤：右键菜单-》Super filter 9.看线宽：过滤选Off，点某线段，右键-》show element 10.看焊盘或过孔尺寸：过滤选Off，点某焊盘或过孔，右键-》Modify design padstack-》Single instance 11.过孔定义：Constraint Manager-->Physical -->Physical Constraint Set-->All layers，点 击Vias列的单元格可编辑所需使用的过孔种类。 新增过孔：tools-》padstack-》modify library padstack，选择一种编辑，编辑完了另存一个名字。 12.查找器件：菜单Display—>element 或Display—>Highlight，然后窗口右侧，FIND，find by name选symbol（or pin），按回车键。 13.显示设置：setup-》design parameters-》display-》enhanced display modes上面六个全选 上。另外，在颜色管理里面，display-》global transparency拉到100%，shadow mode 设为on，brightness拉到100%，dim active layer方框选上。 14.看布局：窗口右侧，Visibility-》Views下拉列表选Film：A或Film：B。 如果Visibility-》Views下拉列表里什么都没有怎么办？ 点菜单manufacture-》artwork，点OK就有了。 15.正片电源层铺铜技巧：先行用ANTI ETCH将区域画好，然后自动铺铜，铺好后再把 ANTI ETCH删除掉。（另一种说法：先在电源层和地层整体铺一块大铜皮，然后用Anti ETCH, 把这些平面分割开来。因为用的是正片，所以分割好之后需把Anti ETCH删除。）16.为什么右键菜单super filter菜单里没有line、shape等元素? 如下图所示，左上角工具栏有3个绿色的按钮，分别为generaledit、etchedit、
Cade nceallegro 菜单解释一一file 已有320次阅读2009-8-1619:17 |个人分类：|关键词:Cadenceallegrofile 菜单解释每一款软件几乎都有File菜单，接下来详细解释一下allegro与其他软件不同的菜单。 new 新建PCB文件，点n ew菜单进入对话框后，draw in gtype里面包含有9 个选项，一般我们如果设计PCB就选择默认第一个board即可。 如果我们要建封装库选packagesymbol即可，其他7个选项一般很少用，大家可以理解字面意思就可以知道什么意思了。 ope n 打开你所要设计的PCB文件，或者封装库文件。 rece ntdesig ns 打开你所设计的PCB文件，一般是指近期所设计的或者打开过的PCB文件。 save 保存 saveas 另存为，重命名。 import import菜单包含许多项，下面详细解释一下我们经常用到的命令。 logic导入网表，详细介绍在allegro基础教程连载已经有介绍，在此不再详细介绍。
artwork导入从其他PCB文件导出的.art的文件。一般很少用词命令。 命令IPF和stream很少用，略。 DXF导入结构要素图或者其他DXF的文件。 导入方法如下： 点import/DXF后，在弹出的对话框选择，在DXFfile里选择你要导入的 DXF的路径，DXFunits选择MM，然后勾选usedefaulttexttable 和 in creme ntaladditi on，其他默认即可。再点edit/viewlayers弹出对话框，勾选selectall，DXFlayerfilter选择all，即为导入所有层的信息，然后在下面的class 里选择boardgeometry，subclass选择assembly.notes,因为一般导入结构要素图都是导入这一层，然后点ok，进入了点 import/DXF后弹出的对话框，然后点import即可将结构要素图导入。IDFIFFRouterPCA这四个命令也很少用，略。 PADS —般建库的时候导入焊盘。 sub-drawing命令功能非常强大，也是我们在PCB设计中经常用的命令， 如果能够非常合理的应用sub-drawing命令会提高我们设计PCB的效率。导入sub-drawing命令一般是将我们所导出sub-drawing的组建导入，包括线孔等等。例如我们在合作的过程中，将其他人画的线导入你所设计的PCB中，一般导入和导出的文件都是相同的PCB文件，也就是说板框outline和相对坐标零点时一样的，这样我们无论在导入还是导出的的时候总会输
學習了一段時間allegro，你是不是也對SKILL函數有了一定的認識，也收集了不少skill 函數吧，但是不是又對函數的應用感到麻煩和被動。現在就說一下怎樣把函數載入到應用功能表，利用滑鼠點擊輕鬆執行。因為好多人不知道怎麼使用，我也是摸索出來的，供大家參考，獨樂樂，與人樂樂，孰樂？！ 1、設定環境變數： 首先建立SKILL和SUTENV（這個檔案名可以隨意起，）兩個資料夾，位置可以隨意放置，不過我是放在了candence資料夾下，這樣感覺比較整齊。然後添加環境變數系統變數和使用者HOME 變數，如下圖。 系統變數 HOME變數 2、設定allegro.ilinit文件： 在SUTENV 檔下建一個PCBENV 資料夾，接著在PCBENV 下面建一個名為allegro尾碼為ilinit的文檔，可以用寫字板或者像UE 程式編譯之類的軟體，設置語法如下setSkillPath(buildString(append1(getSkillPath() "D:/Cadence/SPB_15.7/skill"))); load("xxx.il"); load("xxx.il"); … … … “D:/Cadence/SPB_15.7/skill”就是設定好的SKILL 資料夾的位置，注意“/”而不是“”，“xxx.il”代表著所要載入的函數。現在可以把所需的skill函數全部放在SKILL資料夾裡吧。 3、修改allegro中的功能表： 可以選擇把設定的功能表放在HELP之前，名子自己定，內容自己添加。設置的代碼如下： POPUP "&Sutee" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Align Symbol", "align_sym"
ALLEGRO使用教程 一． PCB窗口介面介绍 运行PCB EDIT 出现对话框 注：不同的选项能实现的功能有所不同，一般P C B画板时选择A l l e g r o E x p e r t 1.P C B介面 2.工具栏 其中工具栏的图标在相应的菜单栏中都可以找到，其对应关系如下：红色的文字对应菜单栏的选项。
如果工具栏图标太多或者太少，可以通过菜单View=>Customization=>Toolbar 自己增加或者减少一些不常用的图标 3．控制栏说明 控制栏主要有三大选择项：Option、Find 和Visibility通过控制面板的Option 标签可选择被激活的类或子类，在Allegro 数据库中，所有元素都有一个类属性 （CLASS）或子类属性（SUBCLASS）。通过控制面板的Find 标签，可以选择各种元素，如Nets、Lines、Vias等，当执行各种命令时，都需要在Find 标签中选择好相应的元素。以移动命令为例，说明一下“Find”选项含义。选择菜单Edit=>Move，再看“Find”选项如图所示， 其中有多个复选框可供选择，想移动什么东西，一定要将其对应的复选框钩上“√”，比如，如果想要移动元件， 首先点击一下“All Off”按钮，关闭所有的复选框，然后再将复选框“Symbols”钩上“√”，就可以对元件进 行移动了。
如果要查看某个元件的信息，可以通过Display->Element，或单击图标，然后在 Find 标签中选择好相应的元素。通过控制面板的Visibility 标签，可以选择Etch 、Pin、Via、DRC 的各个子类的可视性。“Visibility”下的“Views”可以用于快速切换窗口显示，其中的列表项内容是在进行过光绘的输出设置之后，就可以显示出来。 “Visibility”下的“layer”的意思就是对各层进行打开或者关闭显示，将小方框里打上“√”表示打开这层的显示，取消“√”表示不显示该层。 4. 缩略图和状态栏说明
自定义Allegro菜单的方法 很简单的方法就是修改原始的菜单文件，这样不太保险，下面的方法是通过自定义菜单位置来修改的，不会影响系统原始的菜单文件，随时可以还原。有三个步骤。修改有风险，新手须谨慎 1,首先到C:CadenceSPB_15.2sharepcb extcuimenus目录下，将allegro.men 文件复制到环境变量pcbevn目录下面(当然其它地方也可以)。例如d:pcbenv 2.用写字板打开allegro.men文件，这一步要非常小心的进行操作。给出一个自定义弹出菜单模板供大家参考： （） POPUP "MyTools" BEGIN MENUITEM "RatComp", "rats component" MENUITEM "UnRatComp", "unrats component" END 说明:这是一个完整的菜单项模板，Mytools可以改为自己想要的名字，不可用中文，MENUITEM "RatComp", "rats component"代表一个子菜单项，RatComp 是菜单显示的名字，后面的就是执行的命令，只要是在命令行可以输入运行的命令都可以在这里设置，这个例子设定的是显示零件Rat功能，大家可以把常用的Skill加到这里面。把修改好的自定义菜单模板复制，在allegro.men文件中搜索POPUP "&Help"，在这句前前面加一个空行，将刚才修改好的模板文件粘贴，并保存。 3.修改环境变量，使菜单生效。打开环境变量设置，UI_paths,在Menupath 项把刚才修改的allegro.men文件存放的目录，建立为一个路径，并且提到最上端。然后Ok.重新打开Allegro即可。注意添加的内容位置必须正确，如果错误，打开ALLGRO时菜单会无法显示，这时可以通过修改环境变量文件来恢复。
Cadence Allegro自定义菜单栏 Document revision history Date Revision Changes 2015‐01‐11 1.0 第一次撰稿 isMain elec tech studio All rights reserved Date：2015‐01‐11 Revision：1.0 Author：eco E‐mai：zhongweidianzikeji@https://www.doczj.com/doc/076760018.html, QQ：2970904654
Cadence在EDA工具行业里是数一数二的，它能够定义自己的快捷键、能加载自己的Skill、能定制自己的菜单栏等，使用它可以减少我们的设计开发时间，另外它强大的仿真功能，更能减少我们的犯错几率，学会该工具，吃遍EDA。 为了提高Layout效率，大家开发了很多Skill程序，Skill程序太多了，用快捷键调用有点捉襟见肘，毕竟记忆大量的快捷键有一点点小难，那么我们该如何解决这个问题，其实很简单，就把它们加载到菜单栏吧，基于此，本文教你如何定义自己的菜单栏，让开发无局限。另外，之前工作室曾写过《Cadence Allegro自定义快捷键》和《Cadence Allegro加载SKILL》，与今天的《Cadence Allegro自定义菜单栏》文章，并称三步曲吧，三招让你搞定Allegro！ 操作环境：WIN7系统 Cadence 16.5 首先找到Cadence Allegro系统自带的菜单栏，笔者路径如下：D:\Program Files\Cadence\SPB_16.5\share\pcb\text\cuimenus，如图1所示，找到该文件并复制，然后粘贴到其他路径下，笔者新建了一个文件夹，路径如下：D:\Program Files\Cadence\SPB_Data\menus，如图2所示。切记不要轻易动原装的Allegro.men文件，搞坏了甚至需要重装开发环境哦。 图1 系统菜单栏路径 图2 用户菜单栏路径 用写字板（推荐）打开用户路径下的菜单栏文件，一睹其真容了吧，自己仔细看看，按照原有代码格式添加自己的菜单就好。注意所有菜单栏是以【POPUP "&关键字"】开始的，以【END】结束。图3介绍了，菜单栏和程序的对应关系，这里是以view为例的。复制view 菜单栏的这段代码，然后粘贴到help菜单之前（不是绝对的，但这个决定了自定义菜单栏的位置），修改本段代码，笔者修改后的代码如图4所示，这里的代码是调用笔者的skill文件，想了解更多，请看《Cadence Allegro加载SKILL》文档，最后保存会弹出提示，点击“是”，如图5。
Allegro学习笔记 Cadence psd15.1是一个很强的PCB板图制作工具，我根据这段时间我使用psd15.1的过程，总结了使用的具体的流程以及比较重要的注意点。 在psd中，强调先确定器件的物理封装，然后再画原理图封装，然后绘制原理图，最后绘制PCB 图。这是很重要的一点，贯穿整个设计过程。当然也可以先建立原理图封装，然后将原理图封装和物理封装通过在attribute…中添加jedec type属性的办法联系起来。 在这个软件包中，原理图绘制工具是Concept-HDL，这是psd中自带的原理图工具，和Allegro 的接口应该是最好的，但是由于Orcad被Cadence公司收购，相信Orcad也是值得期待的。 开始做原理图封装。 第一步，得到物理封装的准确尺寸，建立焊盘文件.pad，这里就要涉及到负片，正片和Flash，Thermal-Pad和Anti-pad的概念，这个由专门的参考资料。 打开工具包中的pad designer，这是一个制作焊盘的工具，主要界面如下两图所示
through:表示这个焊盘是带钻孔的。 blind/buried：表示使用的是埋孔。 single：表示这个焊盘是贴面型的，没有钻孔。 Fixed表示内部的各层是固定的一旦定义了就不能改变了。 Optional表示内部的层是可以选择的，这个便于以后对各层的调整，而且不用详细的定义这是什么层，只要设定好一个Default internal层就可以随意的添减内部的层。 在定义焊盘的时候，可以只定义三层，即top层，default internal层和bottom层，而对这三层的定义都加上Flash和anti-pad，可以使得这个焊盘可以通用，无论这个焊盘连接的是内部的那两层都可以使用。Flash可以在Allegro中选择add然后输入参数来建立，只要文件只要文件后缀名定为.fsm，然后存到cadence\share\pcb\pcb_lib\symbol目录下，这样才能在pad designer中看到这个Flash文件。但是要注意的是因为钻孔存在3mil的误差，所以flash的内径要比钻孔大10-20mil，以防止钻孔时钻断。在15.0以前的Allegro版本的Flash在编辑完成后是不能再看到的，但是在psd15.1中，就算你没有将文件后缀定为.fsm直接是.dra后缀也没有关系，都可以在Allegro中看到。Anti-pad的尺寸只要校钻孔大一定数量就可以了。在做完了这些设置后，将焊盘文件存盘，存到和Flash同样的目录下。 第二步，打开Allegro，new—>package symbol(wizard)这是由向导帮助的物理封装工具，如图所示：
设置Allegro差分线的方法 1）pair 名称：Allegro 菜单点击logic--Assign differential pair，在net filter 中选择所要设的net1,net2, 或直接在board file 中点选net,在Rule Name 中key 入pair 名称o 点右下方的Add 后会自动增加到上方的Rule Selection Area 中 o 可以点Modify 或Delete 来修改或删除所设的pair. 2）设置差分线规则类型给pair 定义一个net spacing type property(规则类型), 如CLK-CLK：点Attach property, net...,注意find 窗口中选property 而非net,再 点more...,从左边选取先前设的pair,如CK0R-CK0R,点applyo 在弹出的对话框 中点net_spacing_typeo 在右边的value 值中输入CLK-CLK。 3）设置差分线规则参数set net spacing constrains values , 设定走线线距规则 参数值：点constraints 窗口的spacing rule set 下的set values,在出现的对话框 中右边空格输入CLK-CLK, 点add 增加到constraint set name 栏。然后按guideline 设定各项spacing.¯ line to line 指的是此对pair 和其它线的间距。 注1：Length Tolerance indicates the amount of tolerance allowed between the total length or delay of the two nets. (两net 之间的误差范围)注2：Primary Max Sep indicates the maximum edge to edge spacing between a differential pair. (指该pair 本身的间距)注3：Secondary Max Sep indicates an edge to edge spacing that is greater that the Primary Max Sep value. This allows an increase in thespacing between the differential pair when necessary. The total amount of etch/conductor on a net can not exceed this amount.(必要时允许增大该pair 本身的间距到此值)4）布 线技巧route differential pair 时的技巧：routing 时发现本身的两根net 没有按 规则挤线会弹的很开。原因可能是设rule 时o 选的不是property,而是net 。如 果选的是property 仍然不行o 可以在setup user