The role of microRNA in human lung squamous cell carcinoma
Ye Yang a ,Xiaofei Li a ,Qi Yang b ,Xiaoping Wang a ,Yongan Zhou a ,Tao Jiang a ,Qunfeng Ma c ,
Yun-Jie Wang a ,*
a
Department of Thoracic Surgery,Tangdu Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi’an 710038,Shaanxi Province,China b
Department of Digestion,Tangdu Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi’an 710038,Shaanxi Province,China c
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Af?liated Hospital,Academy of Military Medical,Xi’an 710038,Shaanxi Province,China
Received 20August 2009;received in revised form 22March 2010;accepted 25March 2010
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs)are a group of small noncoding RNAs with modulator activity of gene expression.Deregulation of miRNA genes was found in several types of cancers.To explore the role of the miRNAs in Chinese lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),the expression pro?le of 711miRNAs in SCC was analyzed.Total RNAs were used for hybridization on a commercially available array (miRCURY LNA array v.10.0),which contains 1,200probes in tetramer,corre-sponding to 711human miRNA genes.The results of miRNA microarray analysis were con?rmed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Seven human miRNAs (miR-126,miR-193a-3p,miR-30d,miR-30a,miR-101,let-7i,and miR-15a)were found to be signi?cantly downregulated in lung SCC (P !0.05),compared with normal lung tissues.The miRNAs miR-185*and miR-125a-5p were signi?cantly upregulated in lung SCC (P !0.05),compared with normal lung tissues.The miRNA let-7i was downregulated in 9of the 20SCC samples,and miR-126was down-regulated in 16of 20.The deregulation of some miRNAs in lung SCC suggests their possible involvement in the development and progression of SCC.ó2010Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.
1.Introduction
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in the world [1],and its incidence is steadily increasing.The poor prognosis of this cancer is explained mainly by the fact that the diagnosis is generally made only at advanced stages.Identi?cation of early biomarkers is therefore needed [2].The subtypes of lung cancer,including adenocarcinoma (AD)and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),present unique histopathological characteristics at distinct preferential anatomic locations,but their staging and treat-ment are similar.More effective systemic therapy is urgently needed.
The discovery of miRNAs has been a landmark event in molecular biology.miRNAs can posttranscriptionally regu-late the expressions of hundreds of their target genes,thereby controlling a wide range of biological functions,including cellular proliferation [3],differentiation [4],and apoptosis [5].Recent evidence indicates that miRNAs may function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes,and alteration in miRNA
expression may play a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression [6,7].miRNAs have been found to be involved in known oncogenic pathways,including those of Tp53[8,9],BCL2[10],or KRAS [11].Finally,miRNAs seem to be very signi?cant prognostic factors in patients with different tumors [12e 15]and thus could be useful biomarkers for treatment [16].To date,however,comprehensive data regarding a miRNA signature of SCC in Han Chinese have been limited.
In this study,the miRNA pro?ling of three pairs of lung SCC tissues and normal lung tissues from Han Chinese subjects was analyzed,and nine miRNAs were found to express differentially in all three pairs.
2.Materials and methods 2.1.Patients and tissue specimens
A total of 23pairs of frozen samples were studied.Both tumor tissue and normal tissue were obtained from each patient who underwent surgical resection of SCC at our institution (Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi’an,China).The patients had not received
*Corresponding author.Tel.:t86-29-84777827.E-mail address:wangyjphd@https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html, (Y .-J.Wang).
0165-4608/$e see front matter ó2010Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.03.014
Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 200(2010)127e
133
adjuvant chemotherapy.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the hospitals.Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
2.2.Analysis of miRNA microarray
Three pairs of specimens were analyzed by miRNA mi-croarray.Total RNAs were harvested with TRIzol(Invitro-gen,Carlsbad,CA)and RNeasy mini kit(Qiagen,Valencia, CA)according to the manufacturer’s instructions.After RNA measurement on a NanoDrop instrument(Thermo Scienti?c,Wilmington,DE),the samples were labeled using a miRCURY Hy3/Hy5Power labeling kit and were hybridized on a miRCURY LNA array(v.10.0;Exiqon, Vedbaek,Denmark).The samples were hybridized on a hybridization station.Scanning was performed with an Axon GenePix4000B microarray scanner(Axon Instru-ments e Molecular Devices,Union City,CA).GenePix pro v.6.0software was used to read the raw intensity of the image.The intensity of green signal was calculated after background subtraction;four replicated spots of each probe on the same slide were averaged.Median normalization was calculated as Normalized Data5(ForegroundàBack-ground)/Median,where Median is the50percent quantile of miRNA intensity O50in all samples after background correction.The statistical signi?cance of differentially expressed miRNA was analyzed by Student’s t-test.
2.3.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was performed in duplicate,including negative reverse transcription(RT)controls to assess genomic DNA and non-template controls to ensure lack of signal in the assay back-ground.The RT reaction for miR-551b and miRNA-765 consisted of2m L10?RT buffer(Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison,WI),2m L dNTPs0.25mmol/L each(HyTest,Turku, Finland),1m L RT Primer1m mol/L each(Applied Biosys-tems,Foster City,CA),0.3m L RNase inhibitor protein40 U/m L(Epicentre),2m L MMLV-RT10U/m L(Epicentre), and2m g total RNA,in a?nal volume of20m L.
Reactions were incubated at16 C for30minutes,42 C for42minutes,then85 C for5minutes.Following the RT step,1m L of the RT product was transferred into a25m L PCR consisting of2.5m L10?PCR buffer(Epicentre),1.5 m L25mmol/L MgCl2(Promega,Madison,WI),2.5m L dNTPs2.5mmol/L each(Ambion,Austin,TX),0.25?each 10,000?SYBR Green I(Invitrogen),1m L forward primer10 m mol/L,1m L reverse primer10m mol/L,and1unit Taq poly-merase(Promega)(Table1).The PCR cycling began with template denaturation at95 C for5minutes,then40cycles at95 C for10seconds,60 C for20seconds,72 C for20 seconds,and78 C for20seconds,performed on a Corbett Rotor-Gene3000real-time PCR system(Qiagen).Thresh-olds and baselines were manually determined,with
Table1
Sequences of reverse transcriptase e polymerase chain reaction primers
Primers Sequence
U6F50-GCTTCGGCAGCACATATACTAAAAT-30
U6R50-CGCTTCACGAATTTGCGTGTCAT-30
miR-551b GSP50-GGGCGACCCATACTTG-30
miR-551b R50-CAGTGCGTGTCGTGGAGT-30
miR-765GSP50-GGGTGGAGGAGAAGGAAG-30
miR-765R50-CAGTGCGTGTCGTGGAGT-30
Abbreviations:F,forward;R,reverse;GSP,gene-speci?c primer.
Table2
Statistical results,chromosomal location,and putative targets of miRNAs upregulated in lung SCC,compared with normal lung tissue
miRNA a Fold(SCC/Normal),
mean6SD P-value
Chromosomal
localization Putative targets b
hsa-miR-34a 1.58060.4120.2811p36.23BCL2,MET(alias c-Met),SIRT1,MYCN,CCND1
hsa-miR-637 3.10662.5260.05919p13.3RBM9,MNT,DAGLA,SGTA,GLP1R
hsa-miR-412 3.62262.4120.09014q32.31FREM2,PRKRIR,RALGPS1,SOX6,GNB4
ebv-miR-BART17-5p 1.50660.5210.289d d
kshv-miR-K12-6-3p 2.05761.0340.104d d
hsa-miR-185* 1.54360.0140.04222q11.2IKZF4(previously ZNFN1A4),AQP5,ESRRA,RAC3,RGS14 hsa-miR-338-5p 4.99862.8350.06817q25.3PHC3,FAM84A,NETO1,ST8SIA3,USP25
kshv-miR-K12-8 1.7596.8110.212d d
hsa-miR-22* 1.83661.0310.26617p13.3LCE5A,SPATA19,LCE2C,ABHD12,FKBP3
hsa-miR-509-5p 1.51760.6120.107Xq27.3FIGN,FOXP1,TET1,AFF3,SFRS11
sv40-miR-S1-5p 1.90761.2560.153d d
hsa-miR-125a-5p 1.55560.0080.00619q13.3STARD13,ZNF792,GCNT1,FUT4,NAIF1
hsa-miR-221* 2.71561.4390.104Xp11.3KIT(alias c-KIT),CDKN1B(alias P27KIP1),CDKN1C
(alias P57),RXFP4,FBXW2
hsa-miR-551b 1.76561.1910.1713q26.2HTR3B,BST2,ABCC3,TRIM41,CACNG6
hsa-miR-645 3.09861.5610.12920q13.13RAB22A,PHYHIPL,B3GALNT1,TNKS,SOX30 Abbreviations:ebv,Epstein e Barr virus;hsa,Homo sapiens;kshv,Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus;miRNA,micro-RNA;SCC,squamous cell carcinoma;sv40,simian virus40;SD,standard deviation.
a An asterisk is part of the miRNA nomenclature system and is not linked to any footnote speci?c to this table.
b For each row,the top?ve putative targets identi?ed with TargetScan are reported.
128Y.Yang et al./Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics200(2010)127e133
thresholds typically set between 0.05to 0.1and paired with a baseline starting at 1e 3Ct and ?nishing at 15e 17Ct (where Ct is the threshold crossing point).The let-7i,miR-125a-5p,miR-126,and Run48were reversely transcribed and ampli?ed by ABI reaction (081006-H,0810007-B,0812017-G,and 0811271-H;Applied Biosystems).
2.4.qRT-PCR data analysis
For the target gene,changes were determined by relative quanti?cation [17].The change in ampli?cation of the target gene was normalized to U6.The fold change in the target gene for the results of quantitative real-time PCR
Table 3
Statistical results,chromosomal location,and putative targets of miRNAs downregulated in lung SCC,compared with normal lung tissue miRNA
a
Fold (SCC/Normal),mean 6SD P -value Chromosomal localization Putative targets b
hsa-miR-1260.41760.0330.0232q36.3CRK ,IRS1,VEGF ,PIK3R2(alias p85-b ),VCAM-1hsa-miR-6520.23960.0210.084Xq22.3EEF2,CCKAR ,USP47,XPOT ,PTPN4hsa-miR-193a-3p 0.51560.0420.04117q11.2ABI2,IL17RD ,ERBB4,FHDC1,SLC16A6hsa-miR-30d 0.22160.0190.0208q24.22No targets
hsa-miR-30a 0.20760.0090.0046q13KLHL28,NEDD4,TMEM170B ,STIM2,FAM160B1
hsa-miR-1430.38960.0910.0635q33.1KRAS ,ABL2,VASH1,HIPK2,ASAP3(previously DDEFL1)hsa-miR-7660.57460.1020.140Xq24ZNF763,NR3C2,POU2AF1,NUP210,ZNF609hsa-miR-491-3p 0.33360.0210.0529p21.3BNC2,PYROXD1,PCGF5,GABPA ,EEA1
hsa-miR-3200.63560.5920.2408p21.3ARPP19,MBD2,FTL ,CDK6,TMEM47(previously TM4SF10)hsa-miR-886-3p 0.56660.1660.4085q31.2RALGPS1,NLGN3,MARK4,SEPT5,PITX1hsa-let-7d*0.61660.1860.1249q22.32GPR98,PCDH8,CECR5,KRT15,GKAP1
hsa-miR-18a 0.45760.2120.37913q31.3ESR1(alias ERA ,ER-a )c ,NEDD9,GLRB ,PHC3hsa-miR-29b-1*0.49960.2020.2187q32.3SLC22A7,COL4A5,COL4A1,ROBO1,ADAMTS9
hsa-miR-1010.29160.0210.0121p31.3PTGS2(alias COX2),MCL1,TNPO1,GLTSCR1,FLRT3,EZH2hsa-let-7i
0.50660.0710.03912q14.1HMGA2,IGDCC3(previously PUNC ),ARID3B ,CLCN5,LIMD2hsa-miR-886-5p 0.53760.2310.3865q31.2KPNA6,CNGB1,BCAT2,TRIM54,CPNE7
hsa-miR-240.64260.2520.1959q22.32CALCR ,KDM5A (previously JARID1A ),TMEM50B ,CDV3,VCPIP1hsa-miR-7650.34560.1830.2391q23.1POU2F2,TIMP3,KCND1,PPP1R12B ,PTPRT hsa-miR-576-5p 0.62960.1990.1234q25ITGBL1,WDR72,NRIP1,ICA1L ,CUL3hsa-miR-220.54260.1860.17817p13.3FUT9,CCDC67,CBL ,TET2,H3F3B hsa-miR-299-5p 0.42460.1560.15814q32.31NAV3,IKZF2,ITIH5,SLC5A12,ROBO1
hsa-miR-106b 0.51960.2490.2387q22.1CDKN1A (alias P21),YOD1,ATL3,ACPL2,WNK3hsa-miR-20a 0.57960.1360.12613q31.3PDCD1LG2,CAMTA1,FAM129A ,TANC1,PRRG1hsa-miR-625*0.52260.3310.36014q23.3ESD ,DDX1,HIPK2,RFPL3,FRAS1
hsa-miR-1850.63760.0730.05122q11.21SLC16A2,PALM2,BSN ,ABCG4,PCDHAC1hsa-miR-483-5p 0.47960.3580.36411p15.5HLA-DOA ,FAM160B2,ELK1,AQP7,ELMO3hsa-miR-9390.64360.2880.2928q24.3SLC34A2,ZNRF1,MN1,CPLX2,LDOC1L
hsa-miR-26b 0.45460.0510.0872q35CHORDC1,POLR3G ,SLC2A13,TNRC6B ,TET3
hsa-miR-2220.47460.1290.133Xp11.3CDKN1B (alias P27KIP1),SNX4,RGS6,OSTM1,TCF12hsa-miR-369-3p 0.53360.2030.20714q32.31NF1,YOD1,RAB11FIP2,STK38L ,ZEB2hsa-miR-129-5p 0.58960.0610.0627q32.1TNRC6B ,HRNBP3,TCF4,CACNG2,LDB3hsa-miR-106a
0.56060.3860.230Xq26.2DOCK4,PFKP ,PTPN4,TLE4,FGD4kshv-miR-K12-4-3p 0.35860.2710.377d d
hsa-miR-26a 0.37160.0410.0573p22.2ATP11C ,B3GNT5,KLHDC5,STRADB (previously ALS2CR2),SLC7A11hcmv-miR-UL360.66160.4230.466d d
hsa-miR-574-3p 0.50160.2430.2504
RXRA ,KLF12,CUL2,DAB2IP ,NDUFA4L2hsa-miR-6340.47360.3010.35617q24.2PDIK1L ,ENAH ,BRWD1,KIAA1462,NRXN3hsa-miR-23a*0.58860.2640.32019p13.12NADSYN1,NFATC2,DYNLRB1,PYGM ,GPT hsa-miR-923
0.65960.2750.28317q12a frgament of the 28S rRNA ebv-miR-BHRF1-10.35160.1630.151d d ebv-miR-BART160.61060.2510.348d d
hsa-miR-363*0.34960.1990.223Xq26.2COPE ,PTCRA ,PDZD7,KANK3(previously ANKRD47),BIN3hsa-miR-15a 0.39360.0340.03113q14.3BCL2,KIF1B ,DCLK1,EDA ,ABL2
hsa-let-7e 0.44060.2430.34019q13.33XKR8,GALE ,TARBP2,CDC34,CYP4F8
hsa-miR-32*0.50260.2840.3329q31.3DIP2A ,UPP2,KRT78,LPAR6(previously P2RY5),RPS6KA6hsa-miR-8010.65560.1870.1821p35.3a fragment of U11spliceosomal RNA hsa-miR-17
0.544
60.263
0.271
13q31.3
ZNFX1,PKD2,MYT1L ,ITGB8,SCN1A
Abbreviations:ebv,Epstein e Barr virus;hsa,Homo sapiens ;hcmv,human cytomegalovirus;kshv,Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus;miRNA,microRNA;SCC,squamous cell carcinoma;SD,standard deviation.a
An asterisk is part of the miRNA nomenclature system and is not linked to any footnote speci?c to this table.b
For each row,the top ?ve putative targets identi?ed with TargetScan are reported.c
The software in use identi?ed ES -a as a gene distinct from ESR1;however,ES -a is an alias for ESR1,and the two symbols represent a single gene.Eliminating the duplication leaves four genes.
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was calculated for each sample using 2àDD Ct :DD Ct 5(Ct targetgene àCt U6)cancer à(Ct targetgene àCt U6)normal .Differentially expressed miRNA was de?ned by a 2àDD Ct value of O 1.5or !0.67.3.Results
3.1.Differentially expressed miRNAs in lung SCC The data from miRNA expression pro?ling indicated that 65miRNAs with O 1.5-fold change could be differentially expressed between the lung normal tissue and SCCs,with higher expression in SCC for 16miRNAs and lower expres-sion for 49miRNAs.The top ?ve putative targets identi?ed with TargetScan online software (version
4.1;Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research;https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html, )for each miRNA are listed in Tables 2and 3.Nine miR-NAs were detected to pass a Student’s t -test with statistical signi?cance (P !0.05):miR-185*,125a-5p,miR-126,miR-193a-3p,miR-30d,miR-30a,miR-101,let-7i,and miR-15a.
Hierarchical clustering analysis based on the miRNA array data led to two groupings for the samples,SCC and normal tissue,suggesting that the miRNA expression pro?le was consistent among the different SCC samples (Fig.1).The potential tumor suppressors were observed to be down-regulated and were clustered into one group,including miR-26a [18],miR-126[19],miR-17[20],miR-193a-3p [21],miR-320[22],let-7i [23],miR-15a [24],and miR-101[25].The potential oncogenes were observed to be upregu-lated and were clustered into another group,such as miR-185[26],miR-221*[27],and miR-338[28].3.2.Validation of miRNA microarray results by qRT-PCR in lung SCC
To validate the results of miRNA microarray from three pairs of lung SCCs and normal tissue,miR-551b and miR-765were selected and assayed by qRT-PCR in the same samples as used in the miRNA microarray experiment.The qRT-PCR results indicated that miR-551b was upregu-lated and miR-765was downregulated in each of the three lung SCCs samples used for validation,which was consis-tent with the results of miRNA microarray (Fig.2).3.3.Expression of let-7i,miR-125-5p,and miR-126in 20pairs of SCC samples
The miRNAs with O 1.5-fold changes were de?ned to be differentially expressed between the lung normal tissue and SCCs.We assayed the expression of let-7i,miR-125-5p,and miR-126from another 20pairs of samples
by
Fig.1.Hierarchical clustering of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)samples.Samples are in columns,miRNAs in rows.The miRNA clustering tree is shown on the left,and the sample clustering tree appears at the top.The color scale along the top illustrates the relative expression level of a miRNA (red,high expression level;green,low expression level).
=
130Y.Yang et al./Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 200(2010)127e 133
qRT-PCR.For the20SCC samples,let-7i was upregulated in1and downregulated in9;miR-125-5p was upregulated in5and downregulated in5;and miR-126was upregu-lated in1and downregulated in16(Fig.3).
4.Discussion
Lung cancer is now the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide[29].The current5-year survival rate for lung cancer is a discouraging15%,although there has been an incremental improvement in survival rate over the last several decades.The survival advances seen in other common malignancies have not been realized in lung cancer.A number of studies have directly pro?led miRNA expression in lung cancers,and unique groups of miRNAs were identi?ed to either characterize the neoplastic tissues or identify patients with poor prognosis[30e32].
We used miRNA expression arrays to determine the miRNA pro?les for lung SCC and normal lung tissue. The miRNA expression pro?les distinguished SCC from normal lung tissue,and the samples were classi?ed into two clusters:normal and SCC(Fig.1).The expression levels of miR-551b and miR-765determined by qRT-PCR were consistent with the results of miRNA microarray (Fig.2)in the same samples.A few of the miRNAs, including miR-30a,let-7i and miR-126,were found to be downregulated in lung SCCs;these results were consistent with?ndings for lung adenocarcinomas in Baltimore, Maryland[31],but were not consistent with?ndings from lung SCC in Michigan[33],suggesting the possibility of different miRNA expression for lung SCC in different ethnic groups.
The let-7miRNA,one of the best-studied miRNAs to date, is involved in inhibition of cancer growth.Reduced let-7i expression signi?cantly increased the resistance of ovarian and breast cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug cis-platinum, and was signi?cantly associated with shorter progression-free survival of patients with late-stage ovarian cancer[23].In the present study,let-7i,a member of the let-7miRNA family,was downregulated in7of the20samples.
MiR-126expression decreased in SCC,relative to paired uninvolved tissue(Fig.1and Fig.3C).MiR-126is located in chromosome9q34.3,within the host gene encoding for epidermal growth factor like-7(EGFL7)[34,35].MiR-126expression is the greatest within highly vascularized tissues,such as the lung,heart,and kidney[36].Recent studies indicate that miR-126might function as a tumor suppressor[19,37].A few genes targeted by miR-126are
involved in cancer growth,including CRK[37],IRS1 [21],VEGF[38],and PIK3R2(alias p85-b)[39].Upregula-tion of miR-126induced cell cycle G1arrest in a few cancer cell lines[19,38],suggesting that miR-126could be a promising treatment in anticancer therapy.
MiR-15a acts as a putative tumor suppressor by targeting the oncogenes BCL2[40]and CCND1and WNT3A[24].The miR-15a level is signi?cantly decreased in advanced prostate tumors,whereas the expression of BCL2,CCND1,and WNT3A is inversely upregulated[24],a?nding that is consis-tent with the present study(Table3).In line with our result of a downregulation of miR-101in lung SCC,miR-101has been observed to be decreased in human hepatocellular carcinoma [41]and colon cancer[42].Furthermore,downregulation
of Fig.2.Validation of miRNA microarray results by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)in lung SCC samples for(A)miR-551b,(B)miR-765,and(C)miR-126in three pairs of samples checked by miRNA microarray and by qRT-PCR.
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miR-101that was associated with upregulation of PTGS2(alias COX2)and MCL1contributed to the growth,invasive-ness,and antiapoptotic character of tumor cells.
Finally,only miR-185*and miR-125-5p were signi?-cantly upregulated in three SCC samples.MiR-185was overexpressed in both kidney and bladder cancers [26].The present ?ndings demonstrate that some miRNAs are deregulated in lung SCC,suggesting the possible involve-ment of these genes in the development and progression of SCC.References
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五年级上册成语解释及近义词反义词和造句大全 囫囵吞枣；【解释】：囫囵：整个儿。把枣整个咽下去，不加咀嚼，不辨味道。比喻对事物不加分析考虑。【近义词】：不求甚解【反义词】融会贯穿[造句];学习不能囫囵吞枣而是要精益求精 不求甚解；bùqiúshènjiě【解释】：甚：专门，极。只求明白个大概，不求完全了解。常指学习或研究不认真、不深入【近义词】：囫囵吞枣【反义词】：精益求精 造句；1；在学习上，我们要理解透彻，不能不求甚解 2；学习科学文化知识要刻苦钻研，深入领会，不能粗枝大叶，不求甚解。 千篇一律；【解释】：一千篇文章都一个样。指文章公式化。也比喻办事按一个格式，专门机械。 【近义词】：千人一面、如出一辙【反义词】：千差万别、形形色色 造句；学生旳作文千篇一律，专门少能有篇与众不同旳，这确实是平常旳练习太少了。 倾盆大雨；qīngpéndàyǔ【解释】：雨大得象盆里旳水直往下倒。形容雨大势急。 【近义词】：大雨如柱、大雨滂沱【反义词】：细雨霏霏牛毛细雨 造句；3月旳天说变就变，瞬间下了一场倾盆大雨。今天下了一场倾盆大雨。 坚决果断；áobùyóuyù：意思；做事果断，专门快拿定了主意，一点都不迟疑，形容态度坚决 近义词；不假思索斩钉截铁反义词；犹豫不决 造句；1看到小朋友落水，司马光坚决果断地搬起石头砸缸。2我坚决果断旳承诺了她旳要求。 饥肠辘辘jīchánglùlù【近义词】：饥不择食【反义词】：丰衣足食 造句；1我放学回家已是饥肠辘辘。2那个饥肠辘辘旳小孩差不多两天没吃饭了 滚瓜烂熟gǔnguālànshóu〔shú)【解释】：象从瓜蔓上掉下来旳瓜那样熟。形容读书或背书流利纯熟。【近义词】：倒背如流【反义词】：半生半熟造句；1、这篇课文我们早已背得滚瓜烂熟了 流光溢彩【liúguāngyìcǎi】解释；光影，满溢旳色彩，形容色彩明媚 造句：国庆节，商场里装饰旳流光溢彩。 津津有味；jīnjīnyǒuwèi解释：兴趣浓厚旳模样。指吃得专门有味道或谈得专门有兴趣。 【近义词】：兴致勃勃有滋有味【反义词】：索然无味、枯燥无味 造句；1今天旳晚餐真丰富，小明吃得津津有味。 天长日久；tiānchángrìjiǔ【解释】：时刻长，生活久。【近义词】：天长地久【反义词】：稍纵即逝 造句：小缺点假如不立即改掉, 天长日久就会变成坏适应 如醉如痴rúzuìrúchī【解释】：形容神态失常，失去自制。【近义词】：如梦如醉【反义词】：恍然大悟造句；这么美妙旳音乐，我听得如醉如痴。 浮想联翩【fúxiǎngliánpiān解释】：浮想：飘浮不定旳想象；联翩：鸟飞旳模样，比喻连续不断。指许许多多旳想象不断涌现出来。【近义词】：思绪万千 造句；1他旳话让人浮想联翩。2:这幅画饱含诗情，使人浮想联翩，神游画外，得到美旳享受。 悲欢离合bēihuānlíhé解释；欢乐、离散、聚会。泛指生活中经历旳各种境遇和由此产生旳各种心情【近义词】：酸甜苦辣、喜怒哀乐【反义词】：平淡无奇 造句；1人一辈子即是悲欢离合,总要笑口常开,我们旳生活才阳光明媚. 牵肠挂肚qiānchángguàdù【解释】：牵：拉。形容十分惦念，放心不下 造句；儿行千里母担忧，母亲总是那个为你牵肠挂肚旳人 如饥似渴rújīsìkě：形容要求专门迫切，仿佛饿了急着要吃饭，渴了急着要喝水一样。 造句；我如饥似渴地一口气读完这篇文章。他对知识旳如饥似渴旳态度造就了他今天旳成功。 不言而喻bùyánéryù【解释】：喻：了解，明白。不用说话就能明白。形容道理专门明显。 【近义词】：显而易见【反义词】：扑朔迷离造句；1珍惜时刻，好好学习，那个道理是不言而喻旳 与众不同；yǔzhòngbùtóng【解释】：跟大伙不一样。 〖近义词〗别出心裁〖反义词〗平淡无奇。造句； 1从他与众不同旳解题思路中，看出他专门聪慧。2他是个与众不同旳小孩
Unit 1How can I get there? 第一课时 一、教学内容 Part A Let's try & Let's talk 二、教学目标 1．能够听、说、读、写句子：“Where is the museum shop？”“It's near the door.”。 2．能够听、说、认读单词ask、sir和句型“Is there a…？”“I want to…”“What a great museum！”。 三、教学重难点 1．学习句子“Where is the museum shop？”“It's near the door.”。 2．正确使用方位介词。 四、教学准备 单词卡、录音机、磁带。 五、教学过程 Step 1 热身(Warming－up) Let's do Go to the bookstore.Buy some books. Go to the post office.Send a letter. Go to the hospital.See the doctor. Go to the cinema.See a film.
Go to the museum.See some robots. Step 2 新课呈现(Presentation) 1．学习Let's try (1)打开课本读一读Let's try中呈现的问题和选项。 (2)播放录音，让学生听完后勾出正确的选项。 (3)全班核对答案。 2．学习Let's talk (1)播放Let's talk的录音，学生带着问题听录音：Where is the museum shop？Where is the post office？听完录音后让学生回答这两个问题，教师板书：It's near the door.It's next to the museum.教师讲解：near表示“在附近”，next to表示“与……相邻”，它的范围比near小。最后让学生用near和next to来讲述学校周围的建筑物。 (2)讲解“A talking robot！What a great museum！”，让学生说说这两个感叹句的意思。 (3)再次播放录音，学生一边听一边跟读。 (4)分角色朗读课文。 Step 3 巩固与拓展(Consolidation and extension) 1．三人一组分角色练习Let's talk的对话，然后请一些同学到台前表演。 2．教学Part A：Talk about the places in your city/town/village.
The way 的用法 Ⅰ常见用法： 1)the way+ that 2)the way + in which（最为正式的用法） 3)the way + 省略（最为自然的用法） 举例：I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. Ⅱ习惯用法： 在当代美国英语中，the way用作为副词的对格，“the way+ 从句”实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰整个句子。 1)The way =as I am talking to you just the way I’d talk to my own child. He did not do it the way his friends did. Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are—all we have to do is to clean and peel them. 2）The way= according to the way/ judging from the way The way you answer the question, you are an excellent student. The way most people look at you, you’d think trash man is a monster. 3）The way =how/ how much No one can imagine the way he missed her. 4）The way =because
小学六年级英语上册期末试卷（含答案) 听力部分 一、L isten and choose. (根据你所听到的内容, 选择相符合的一项，并将其字母编号填在题号 前的括号内。)（10分） ( ) 1. A. always B．often C. aunt ( ) 2. A. actress B. actor C. active ( ) 3. A. buy B. bike C. bus ( )4. A. sell B. same C. say ( ) 5. A. bike B. kite C. side ( ) 6. A. difference B. different C. dictionary ( ) 7. A. writes a letter? B. write a letter C. writer ( ) 8. A. Amy’s uncle B. Lily’s uncle C. Billy’s uncle ( ) 9. A. What is your mother doing? B. What does your mother do? C. What is your mother going to do? ( ) 10. A. Mike works in a DVD company. B. Mike works in a VCD company. C. Mike works in a DVD factory. 二、Listen and judge. (根据所听到的内容, 判断图片或句子是否相符, 相符的在相应的题号前的括号内打“√”, 不相符的打“×”。)（10分） 1. 2. 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) 4. 5. ( ) ( ) 6. Chen Jie is going to be an artist. ( ) 7. Mike often does homework at 7:00. ( ) 8. Mr. Li likes playing the violin. ( ) 9. Feng Gang is a policeman. ( )
悲惨的近义词反义词和造句 导读：悲惨的近义词 悲凉(注释:悲哀凄凉：～激越的琴声。) 悲惨的反义词 幸福(注释:个人由于理想的实现或接近而引起的一种内心满足。追求幸福是人们的普遍愿望，但剥削阶级把个人幸福看得高于一切，并把个人幸福建立在被剥削阶级的痛苦之上。无产阶级则把争取广大人民的幸福和实现全人类的解放看作最大的幸福。认为幸福不仅包括物质生活，也包括精神生活;个人幸福依赖集体幸福，集体幸福高于个人幸福;幸福不仅在于享受，而主要在于劳动和创造。) 悲惨造句 1.一个人要发现卓有成效的真理，需要千百个人在失败的探索和悲惨的错误中毁掉自己的生命。 2.贝多芬的童年尽管如是悲惨，他对这个时代和消磨这时代的地方，永远保持着一种温柔而凄凉的回忆。 3.卖火柴的小女孩在大年夜里冻死了，那情景十分悲惨。 4.他相信，他们每个人背后都有一个悲惨的故事。 5.在那次悲惨的经历之后，我深信自己绝对不是那种可以离家很远的人。 6.在人生的海洋上，最痛快的事是独断独航，但最悲惨的却是回头无岸。 7.人生是艰苦的。对不甘于平庸凡俗的人那是一场无日无夜的斗
争，往往是悲惨的、没有光华的、没有幸福的，在孤独与静寂中展开的斗争。……他们只能依靠自己，可是有时连最强的人都不免于在苦难中蹉跎。罗曼·罗兰 8.伟大的心胸，应该表现出这样的气概用笑脸来迎接悲惨的厄运，用百倍的勇气来应付开始的不幸。鲁迅人在逆境里比在在顺境里更能坚强不屈。遇厄运时比交好运时容易保全身心。 9.要抓紧时间赶快生活，因为一场莫名其妙的疾病，或者一个意外的悲惨事件，都会使生命中断。奥斯特洛夫斯基。 10.在我一生中最悲惨的一个时期，我曾经有过那类的想法：去年夏天在我回到这儿附近的地方时，这想法还缠着我;可是只有她自己的亲自说明才能使我再接受这可怕的想法。 11.他们说一个悲惨的故事是悲剧，但一千个这样的故事就只是一个统计了。 12.不要向诱惑屈服，而浪费时间去阅读别人悲惨的详细新闻。 13.那起悲惨的事件深深地铭刻在我的记忆中。 14.伟大的心胸，应该用笑脸来迎接悲惨的厄运，用百倍的勇气来应付一切的不幸。 15.一个人要发现卓有成效的真理，需要千百万个人在失败的探索和悲惨的错误中毁掉自己的生命。门捷列夫 16.生活需要爱，没有爱，那些受灾的人们生活将永远悲惨;生活需要爱，爱就像调味料，使生活这道菜充满滋味;生活需要爱，爱让生活永远充满光明。
人教版六年级英语上册各单元知识点汇总 Unit 1 How do you go to school？一、重点短语： by plane 坐飞机 by ship 坐轮船 on foot 步行 by bike 骑自行车 by bus 坐公共汽车 by train 坐火车 traffic lights 交通灯 traffic rules 交通规则 go to school 去上学 get to 到达 get on 上车 get off 下车Stop at a red light. 红灯停Wait at a yellow light. 黄灯等Go at a green light. 绿灯行 二、重点句型： 1.How do you go to school？你怎么去上学？ https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html,ually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bus. 通常我步行去上学。有时候骑自行车去。 3.How can I get to Zhongshan Park ？我怎么到达中山公园？ 4.You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以坐 15 路公共汽车去。三、重点语法： 1、There are many ways to go somewhere.到一个地方去有许多方法。这里的 ways 一定要用复数。因为 there are 是There be 句型的复数形式。 2、on foot 步行乘坐其他交通工具大都可以用介词by…，但是步行只能用介词 on 。 4、go to school 的前面绝对不能加 the，这里是固定搭配。 5、USA 和 US 都是美国的意思。另外America 也是美国的意思。 6、go to the park 前面一定要加the. 如果要去的地方有具体的名字，就不能再加 the ，如果要去的地方没有具体名字，都要在前面加 the. （ go to school 除外。） 7、How do you go to …？你怎样到达某个地方？如果要问的是第三人称单数，则要用： How does he/she…go to …？ 8、反义词： get on（上车）---get off（下车） near（近的）—far（远的） fast（快的）—slow（慢的） because（因为）—why（为什么） same（相同的）—different（不同的） 9、近义词： see you---goodbye sure---certainly---of course 10、频度副词： always 总是，一直 usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes 有时候 never 从来不 Unit 2 Where is the science museum？一、重点短语： library 图书馆 post office 邮局 hospital 医院 cinema 电影院
The way的用法及其含义（二） 二、the way在句中的语法作用 the way在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语： 1.作主语 The way you are doing it is completely crazy.你这个干法简直发疯。 The way she puts on that accent really irritates me. 她故意操那种口音的样子实在令我恼火。The way she behaved towards him was utterly ruthless. 她对待他真是无情至极。 Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings. 言语固然重要,但人的站姿,抱臂的方式和手势也回告诉我们他(她)的情感。 2.作宾语 I hate the way she stared at me.我讨厌她盯我看的样子。 We like the way that her hair hangs down.我们喜欢她的头发笔直地垂下来。 You could tell she was foreign by the way she was dressed. 从她的穿著就可以看出她是外国人。 She could not hide her amusement at the way he was dancing. 她见他跳舞的姿势，忍俊不禁。 3.作表语 This is the way the accident happened.这就是事故如何发生的。 Believe it or not, that's the way it is. 信不信由你, 反正事情就是这样。 That's the way I look at it, too. 我也是这么想。 That was the way minority nationalities were treated in old China. 那就是少数民族在旧中
分类专项复习卷（一） 听力 建议时间：40分钟满分：100分 一、听录音，选择你所听到的内容，将其序号填入题前括号里。（5分）( ) 1. A. afraid B. amazing C. attention ( ) 2. A. can’t go to school B. count to ten C. don’t be late ( ) 3. A. a TV reporter B. a sports reporter C. a PE teacher ( ) 4. A. I want to buy a postcard. B. I want to send the postcard. C. I want to go to the post office. ( ) 5. A. It’s next to the restaurant B. It’s near the museum shop. C. It’s behind the supermarket. 二、听录音，选择与你所听到的内容相符的图片，将其序号填入题前括号里。（5分） ( ) 1. A. B. C. ( ) 2. A. B. C. ( ) 3. A. B. C. ( ) 4. A. B. C. ( ) 5. A. B. C. 三、听录音，用数字给下列图片排序。（6分）
（）（）（） ( ) ( ) ( ) 四、听录音，判断下列句子与你所听到的内容是否相符，相符的写“√”，不相符的写“×”。（5分） ( ) l. Mike should see a doctor in the morning. ( ) 2. Amy’s father works at sea. ( ) 3. Mike’s brother is a postman. ( ) 4. Peter likes doing kung fu and swimming. ( ) 5. We are going to Beijing next Tuesday. 五、听录音，判断下列图片与你所听到的内容是否相符，相符的打“√”，不相符的打“×”。（6分） 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 六、听录音，选择相应的答语，将其序号填入题前括号里。（7分） ( ) 1. A. He’s over there. B. Thank you. C. Great! ( ) 2. A. Here you are. B. Sure. C. Thanks. ( ) 3. A. Please turn left. B. It’s near the door.
Unit 1 How can I get there? 一：重点单词和短语 Science科学, museum博物馆, post office, bookstore, cinema, hospital ，tasty, buy, London Eye伦敦银, stomach胃,crossing十字路口, turn left, turn right, go straight=walk straight直走.next to紧挨着/与。。。相邻, far from(离。。。远), near在。。。附近,behind（在。。。后面）, in front of（在。。。前面）, between…and…（在。。。和。。。之间） 二：按要求写单词： hot(反义词)cold , cool(反义词)warm，too（同音词）to/two can not(缩写)can’t right(反义词)left/wrong buy(同音词)by/bye sea(同音 词)see first（基数词）one four(序数词)fourth did (原形)do /does three(序数词)third give(过去式)gave 三：重点句型分析 1. Where is the museum shop? 此问句是由特殊疑问词where 引导的一个特殊疑问句，where意为“在哪里，到哪里”，用来询问地点，放在句子的开头。询问“某人或某物在哪里”的基本句型是：“ Where +is/are+ 主语？”，where is 后接名词或代词的单数形式，where are 后接名词或代词的复数形式。表示地点的词：museum博物馆, post office邮局, bookstore书店, cinema电影院, hospital医院restaurant餐馆bank银行bus stop 公交车站lake湖library图书馆zoo动物园school学校park公园garden花园hotel旅馆 2. It’s nea r the door. 此句中near是表示位置的介词，意为“旁边，附近” ，其同义句是：It’s next to the door.它在门的旁边。表示位置的短语：next to the bookstore挨着书店near the hospital在医院附近near the post office在邮局附近over there 在那边on Dongfang Street在东方大街上in front of the school在学校前面 3. How can we get there? 此句用来询问“怎样去某地”，后面直接跟地点。回答时，可以用“ Turn left, turn right, go straight.”等句来回答。 同义句：1.Can you tell me the way to+地点？ 2.Where is the +地点？ 3.Which is the way to +地点 4. Turn left at the bookstore. Then turn right at the hospital. 此句是指路的句型。常用到的句型有：turn left, 向左转turn right, 向右转go straight直着走。同时表示在某处的介词用at. 5.Is the Thames far from here? No, it isn’t. 此句是个be动词开头的一般疑问句，其回答要用Yes或No. 句中的far from意为“离……远”。反义词组为next to.
定冠词the的用法： 定冠词the与指示代词this ,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西. (1)特指双方都明白的人或物 Take the medicine.把药吃了. (2)上文提到过的人或事 He bought a house.他买了幢房子. I've been to the house.我去过那幢房子. (3)指世界上独一无二的事物 the sun ,the sky ,the moon, the earth (4)单数名词连用表示一类事物 the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人 the rich 富人 the living 生者 (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词等前面 Where do you live?你住在哪? I live on the second floor.我住在二楼. That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西. (6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体 They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师) (7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂. (8)用在某些有普通名词构成的国家名称,机关团体,阶级等专有名词前 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 (9)用在表示乐器的名词前 She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴. (10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人 the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇) (11)用在惯用语中 in the day, in the morning... the day before yesterday, the next morning... in the sky... in the dark... in the end... on the whole, by the way...
人教版小学六年级上册英语时态专项习题 一般现在时专项练习 一．写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today? It’s Saturday 四、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
“tｈｅwａｙ+从句”结构的意义及用法 首先让我们来看下面这个句子: Ｒead the foｌloｗｉnｇpassagｅａnd talkａbout ｉt wi ｔh your classmaｔes．Try tｏｔeｌl whaｔyｏu thiｎk ｏf Tom aｎd ｏｆｔhe ｗay the chiｌｄrenｔrｅated ｈim. 在这个句子中，ｔhe waｙ是先行词,后面是省略了关系副词that或in whｉch的定语从句。 下面我们将叙述“the ｗaｙ+从句”结构的用法。 1.tｈe wａy之后，引导定语从句的关系词是tｈat而不是hoｗ,因此，<<现代英语惯用法词典＞＞中所给出的下面两个句子是错误的：Ｔhｉs is ｔｈeｗayｈowｉtｈａppened. This is the way how he ａlwａｙs treats me. 2．在正式语体中,thaｔ可被in which所代替;在非正式语体中，ｔhat则往往省略。由此我们得到theｗay后接定语从句时的三种模式：1) tｈe ｗaｙ＋ｔhａt-从句２）the way +ｉn whiｃh－从句3) the ｗay +从句 例如：Ｔｈe way(in whiｃh ，thａt) ｔhｅｓｅｃomｒade ｓloｏｋａｔｐrobｌems is wrong．这些同志看问题的方法
不对。 Ｔｈｅｗａy(that ,ｉn ｗhiｃh)yoｕ’ｒe doinｇit is comple ｔeｌy crａzy.你这么个干法,简直发疯。 Wｅａdmiｒｅd him for thｅｗay ｉｎｗhｉch he fａｃeｓdiｆficultieｓ． Waｌlａｃe ａｎd Ｄarwiｎｇreed ｏn the way ｉｎwhi ｃh ｄｉfｆｅrｅnt forms ｏf life had ｂegｕn.华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。 Thｉs is ｔｈe ｗaｙ（tｈａｔ) hｅdｉd it. I lｉkeｄｔhe waｙ(ｔhat) ｓｈeｏｒganized ｔhe ｍeetｉng． 3.theｗay(tｈat)有时可以与hｏw(作“如何”解）通用。例如： That’s tｈe ｗaｙ(tｈaｔ) shｅspoke. = Tｈat’s how shｅspoke.
1 一、 找出划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词。 （ ）1.A.how B.know C.yellow D.window （ ）2. A.apple B.cat C.many D.mango （ ）3. A.not B.doctor C.kilo D.orange （ ）4. A.pears B.bananas C.apples D.grapes （ ）5. A.boxes B.peaches C.buses D.apples （ ）6. A.these B.thirsty C.those D.they 一、 选出划线部分读音与所给单词划线部分读音相同的一项。 （ ）1.baseball A.table B.father C.banana （ ）2. brother A.nose B.doctor C.son （ ）3. which A.knife B.with C.white （ ）4. this A.mouth B.three C.with （ ）5. room A.too B.book C.good （ ）6. ear A.pear B.bear C.hear 二、 找出划线部分读音与其他三个不相同的单词。 ( )1.A.hurry B.student C.puppet D.bus ( )2. A.that B.think C.mouth D.thank ( )3. A.guess B.she C.egg D.watermelon ( )4. A.right B.climb C.this D.pineapple ( )5. A.mother B.today https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html,e D.some 三、 找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词。 1.( )father A.mouth B.brother 2. ( )nose A.close B.seven 3. ( )cake https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html,te B.father 4. ( )sister A.bike B.is 5. ( )boy A.climb B.brother 6. ( )mother A.sister B.her 四、 判断下列划线部分读音是否相同， ( )1.driver write ( )driver teacher ( )2.farmer her ( )knife big ( )3.cook good ( )drink dress ( )4.tree trousers ( )look school ( )5.their hair ( )where here ( )6.that mouth ( )they those 五、 将下列单词按th 的两种发音分类。 that mouth this three think thin thank thirsty those there these they [that] th [ ] mouth 六、 单词辨音，用“√”或“×”表示。 student ( ) bus ( ) bananas pear grapes ( ) ear ( ) teacher nose worker ( ) orange ( ) tree ( ) dress ( ) 八． 判断下列划线部分读音是否相同，用“√”或“×”表示。 1.hair airport ( ) 2.ship shop( ) 3.where who ( ) 4.good school ( ) 5.minibus student( ) 6.station library( ) 九．找出划线部分读音与其他不相同的单词。 ( )1.A.move B.noodle C.who D.coffee ()2. A.sweets B.friends C.cats D.biscuits ( )3. A.apple B.water C.at D.bag ( )4. A.juice B.cup C.bus D.much ( )5. https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html,k B.it C.kite D.his ( )6. A.classroom B.bedroom C.room D.bathroom 十一、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词。 1.music A.bus B.student C.cup D.buy 2.chocolate A.goB.open C.too D.office 3.teacher A.school https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html,e C.lunch D.cake 4.bookcase https://www.doczj.com/doc/026771585.html,te B.cap C.apple D.snack 5.desk A.grape B.bed C.she D.he 6.kilo A.library B.like C.tiger D.hospital 7.oranges A.booksB.cats C.teachers D.maps 8.chair A.pear B.here C.ear D.dear 十二、判断下列划线部分读音是否相同，用“√”或“×”表示。 1.bread egg ( ) 2.plate snack ( ) 3.where whose ( ) 4.try right ( ) 5.bowl how ( ) 6.chopstick school( )
知己的近义词反义词及知己的造句 本文是关于知己的近义词反义词及知己的造句，感谢您的阅读！ 知己的近义词反义词及知己的造句知己 基本解释：顾名思义是了解、理解、赏识自己的人，如"知己知彼，百战不殆";更常指懂你自己的挚友或密友，它是一生难求的朋友，友情的最高境界。正所谓:"士为知己者死"。 1.谓了解、理解、赏识、懂自己。 2.彼此相知而情谊深切的人。 【知己近义词】 亲信，好友，密友，心腹，挚友，深交，相知，知交，知友，知心，知音，石友，老友，至友 【知己反义词】 仇人敌人陌路 【知己造句】 1、我们想要被人爱、想拥有知己、想历经欢乐、想要安全感。 2、朋友本应是我们的亲密知己和支持者，但对于大多数人来说，有一些朋友比起帮助我们，更多的却是阻碍。 3、那么，为什么你就认为，随着年龄的增长，比起女人来男人们的知己和丰富的人际关系更少，因此一般容易更孤独呢？ 4、他成了我的朋友、我的知己、我的顾问。 5、无论在我当州长还是总统的时候，布鲁斯都是我的密友、顾问和知己。他这样的朋友人人需要，也是所有总统必须拥有的。
6、波兰斯基有着一段声名卓著的电影生涯，也是几乎所有电影界重要人物们的挚友和同事，他们是知己，是亲密的伙伴。 7、搜索引擎变成了可以帮追我们的忏悔室，知己，信得过的朋友。 8、这样看来，奥巴马国家安全团队中最具影响力的当属盖茨了――但他却是共和党人，他不会就五角大楼以外问题发表看法或成为总统知己。 9、我们的关系在二十年前就已经和平的结束了，但在网上，我又一次成为了他精神层面上的评论家，拉拉队，以及红颜知己。 10、这位“知己”，作为拍摄者，站在距离电视屏幕几英尺的地方对比着自己年轻版的形象。 11、父亲与儿子相互被形容为对方的政治扩音筒、知己和后援。 12、这对夫妻几乎没有什么至交或知己依然在世，而他们在后纳粹时期的德国也不可能会说出实话的。 13、她把我当作知己，于是，我便将她和情人之间的争吵了解得一清二楚。 14、有一种友谊不低于爱情；关系不属于暖昧；倾诉一直推心置腹；结局总是难成眷属；这就是知己！ 15、把你的治疗师当做是可以分享一切心事的知己。 16、莉莉安对我敞开心胸，我成了她的知己。 17、据盖洛普民意调查显示，在那些自我认同的保守党人中，尽管布什仍维持72%支持率，但他在共和党领导层中似乎很少有几位知
六年级上复习资料 Unit1 How Do You Go There? (你怎样去那里？) 重点单词： on foot= walk走路by bike骑自行车by bus坐公车by train坐火车by plane坐飞机by ship坐轮船by subway坐地铁near近的far远的usually通常sometimes有时候easy简单的the fifth floor第五层楼traffic lights交通灯traffic rules交通规则stop停止wait等待get to到达same相同的mean意思是driver司机right 右边left左边must必须know知道 重点句子： 1. How do you go to school? 你是怎样去上学的？ 2. I go to school by bus.我是坐公交车去上学的。 3. Usually I go to school on foot. 我通常走路去上学。 4. Sometimes I go by bike. 有时候我骑自行车去。、 5. My home is near/ far. 我的家是近的。/ 远的。 6. Look at the traffic lights, remember the traffic rules. 看着交通灯，记住交通规则。 7. Stop at a red light. Wait at a yellow light. Go at a green light. 红灯停。黄灯等一等。绿灯行。 8. Red means stop, yellow means wait, green means go. 红色的意思是停止，黄色的意思是等待，绿色的意思是通行。 9. How can I get to the park? 我该怎样到达公园呢？ 10. You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以坐15路公交车去。 重点知识： 1.坐某种交通工具用by，例如：by bike, by train。而走路用“on”例如on foot. 2.国家名字，地方名字第一个字母要大些：例如：Canada加拿大, China中国, America美 国，England英国，Australia澳大利亚 3.国家名缩写前面加the，缩写字母都要大写。例如：the USA=the US美国，the UK英 国，the CAN加拿大，the PRC中国。 4.频度副词是表示做的次数多少的词语。从多到少依次排列为：always总是，usually通 常，often经常，sometimes有时候，never从不。频度副词可以放在句首，也可以放在人称后面。例如：Usually I go to school by bus. = I usually go to school by bus. 5.near近的，far远的。这两个词是一对反义词。注意：not near= far, not far = near. 6.时间前面用at. 例如：在三点钟：at 3 o’ clock. 一段时间前面用for 7.表达第几层楼的时候我们要用序数词，前面还要有the。例如：第一、二、三、四、五 层楼分别是：the first floor. the second floor. the third floor. the fourth floor. the fifth floor. 8.交通灯traffic lights，交通规则：traffic rules。这两个词后面都一定要加s, 绝对不能少。 因为交通灯有红黄绿三盏，一定是复数，交通规则不可能只有一条，所以都一定要加s，考试的时候千万别忘了加s哦！ 9.大部分的国家都是靠右行驶的：drivers drive on the right side of the road. 记住England and Australia, drivers drive on the left side of the road.英国和澳大利亚，司机是靠左行驶的。