当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如：
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形
式。例如：He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助，是吗？ 4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时，反意疑问句
用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not。例如：I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作，是吗？ 5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？ 6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了，是吗？No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事，对吗？7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如：This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机，是吗？These are grapes，aren't they? 这些是葡萄，是吗？8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one 时，反意疑问句的主语可以用one，也可用you(美式英语用he。例如：One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人，是吧？9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如：He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到，是吗？10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的，其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如：It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平，是吧？11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时，其反意疑问句用肯定结构，也可以用否定结构。例如：You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到，是吗？12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如：What you need is more important, isn't it？你需要的东西更重要，是吧？
13.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...that... 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如：I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，对吗？14.have(has不是表示“有”的意思，并在句中做谓语时，其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如：
They had a meeting just now，didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会，是吗？15.陈述部分有have to 时，其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如：You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜，对吧？16.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。例如：There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过
去这儿有家医院，是吗？17.陈述部分有had better时，反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如：We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学，好吗？18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定；要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't；而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如：He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理，是吧？Tom must be at home，isn't he? 汤姆一定在家，是吧？反意疑问句的回答在回答的时候，如果是前肯后否的句子，思维和中国人相同；如果是前否后肯的句子，思维正好同中国人相反：He is a student, isn't he? (他是个学生，不是吗？）Yes, he is.(是的，他是学生）No, he isn't.(不是，他不是学生）He doesn't like playing football, does he?(他不喜欢踢球，是吗？）Yes, he does.(不是，他喜欢踢球）No, he doesn't.(是的，他不喜欢踢球）I am not a teacher, am I? (我不是一名老师，是吗? Yes, I am.(不是，我是一名老师。）No, I am not.(是的，我不是一名老师。）
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no 要译成“是”。例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. ，是他喜欢。/ 不他不喜欢。---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加若be动词后是never//few//little,后面的动词仍用肯定形式反意疑问句的几点特殊情况反意疑问句的构成有以下几点特殊情况须注意：1．当陈述句的主语是everyone,
everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的
主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如: Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they? Nobody came, did they? Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they? Nothing can stop us now, can it? 2．当陈述句是表示存在的句子时，简短问句用there 作形式主语。例如: There is n’t a book on the table, is there? There’s something wrong, isn’t there? There won’t be any trouble, will there?
3．如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing，则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈述句中仅包含有否定前缀，则简短问句中用否定形式。例如：He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he? The rules are invariable, aren’t they? He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he? He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he? 4．陈述句中是I am 时，简短问句则用aren’t I。例如: I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I?
I am late, aren’t I ? 5．陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时，正式文体中，简短问句的主语为one，而非正式文体中用you。例如: One must be honest, mustn’t one? 6．含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。例如：They agreed that the United States shouldn’t make a war on Iraq, didn’t they? I suppose (that he is serious, isn’t he? 注意：否定词移位的情况，如：I don’t suppose (that he is serious, is he? 7．如果陈述句的谓语动词是have (当“拥有”讲时, 简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如：You have a nice house, haven’t/don’t you? 但如果陈述句是否定形式时，简短问句中动词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如：He hasn’t a house of his own, has he? He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he? 如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历，遭受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动词用 do的形式。例如：You often have
headaches, don’t you? 8．当陈述句的动词是ought to时，英国英语中简短问句用ought，而美国英语中则用should。9．陈述句中的动词是used to时，简短问句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如: The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t / didn’t they? He didn’t use/used to te ll lies, did he? 10.陈述句中动词为needn’t时，简短问句通常用 need。例如: You needn’t do it if you don’t want to, need you? You needn’t have told him the news, need you? 11.陈述句中must后动词的类属和时态不同，反意疑问句也不同。例如: The food must be good, isn’t it? You must have read the book last month, didn't you?
You must see the doctor, needn’t you?（must表必要性，故用needn’t）You mustn’t do that again, must you?(must表示“不可以”）12.当陈述部分是一祈使句时，简短问句则通常为won’t you, would
you, can you, can’t you, could you等，使语气婉转、客气。如果陈述部分的祈使句中含有第一人称时，如Let’s do something, 则简短问句为 shall we?例如: Do sit down, won’t you? Shut up, can you? 在否定的祈使句后，只能用will you。例如: Don’t forget, will you? 13.当遇到宾语从句时候.一般反主句.但是以 I think I believe. Isuppose ....开头的反从句编辑本段中文中的反意疑问句概念简称反问句，是句式中的一种。表面上看，是疑问句；实际上说话者是在强调某种肯定或否定的答案,也就是明知故问。这类句式常和“难道”、“怎么”等词联接。通常答案就在句子当中. 举例 1. "难道我会不知道？"----说话者是在强调自己是知道的。 2. "（难道）我有这么笨吗？"----说话者在强调自己并不笨。这里“难道”一词也可以省略。 3."数学真的这么难么?"----说话者在强调数学不难. 4."那怎么是一样的呢？"----说话者在强调那是不一样的。 5.我们难道要浪费时间吗？——强调要珍惜时间 6.你们怎能破坏环境呢? ——强调要保护环境
7.不是应该这样的吗？——强调应该这样反问句结尾时正常用问号，而有些特殊的句子也可一用感叹号。如：“得把他们抱过来，同死人待在一起怎么行！”意思就是说同死人待在一起不行，表示极度强调。同英文中不同，回答这类问题往往是按照个人习惯如：“数学真的这么难么?” 答：“不是，数学很简单。” 问：“那怎么是一样的呢？” 答：“是啊，那明明不一样。” 真
实条件句真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系：（1）当主句为一般将来时，条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作。如：We shall go outing when you finish your holiday homework. （2）当主句为过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。如：I would not go with you if it rained the next day. (3现在进行时可在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。如：Wake me up if I am still sleeping at 7. (4当主句为一般将来时，由as soon
as,after,before,till/untill,when,if等引出的状语从句常用现在完成体表示将来完成的动作。如：I will help you as soon as I have finished my homework. 句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答
案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错 If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对 If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。编辑本段虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句------------------------------------------------------------------------ eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were
no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球
上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水 4.If I had any money with me,
I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他
听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语
+should/would/could/might+do+其他② if+主语+did/be(were+sth.+主语
+should/would/could/might+do+其他③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语
+should/would/could/might+do+其他例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的
可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy s
now next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋
动词原形"构成，should 可省略。4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件
从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。①从
句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去
问候她了。③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…., but for….等But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、有时，虚拟
条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。②省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、编辑本段虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood的其他用法 1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原
形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）(注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法） 2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中 1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。 3、虚拟语气的其他用法1、一想要(desire二宁愿(prefer三命令(order. command四建议(advice. suggest. propose五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 He suggested that we (should take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (s hould take the teacher’s advice
He demand that we (should take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should take the teacher’s advice 注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。句型：It is.......that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或只用动词原型。④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。2、在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即
使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。3、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：① may +动词原形(指现在或将来。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。② may +完成式(指过去，主句结构不限。如：You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress y ou may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去 had + 过去分词；现在过去时(be
用were 将来过去时(be 用were 如：I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿5、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。6、简单句中的虚拟语气（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语
常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。(1 提出请求或邀请。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？(2 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。(3 提出劝告或建议。如：You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。(4 提出问题。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？(5 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如：You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： ____ more attention，the trees could have grown better． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given （答案是A） 句中"．．．the trees could have grown better"是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better．"来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为"含蓄条件句"。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为if．．．not；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如：Without air，there would be no living things．（without air ＝if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（＝If I had her help），I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed．（u nder．．．＝If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position．（in that position ＝if I had been in that po sition）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for
当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形
虚拟语气(一) 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. If h e had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. If i t were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America 如果我是你，我就会努力学习 If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了 If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛． If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了． If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) ２．省略句 在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 表现在过去时 表过去过去完成时 表将来would, might, could＋动词原形 I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go.
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现， 能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气； 假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 2、注意事项： ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法： 1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助） 2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好） 3.If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你） 4.If time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许） 5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪） 6.What would I do if I were in your place?要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上） 7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急） 8. If I were you, I should buy it. (从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy) 9. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。)（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study） 10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask) 注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. (从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his ol d friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
高考虚拟语气试题 1. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 2. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 3. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 4. If I ___ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 5. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now 6. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 7. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should k now D. knew 8. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet. A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should 9. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now. A. had lis tened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 10. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow. ---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting. A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have 11. If I had hurried, I ___ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 12. If I had known that, I ___ so. A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done 13. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. we re 14. If the doctor had been available, the child ___. 教育是一项良心工程 1
iｆ引导的条件句中的虚拟语气?虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的 假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。?一、ｉｆ引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1)．真实条件句（Sentences of Real Coｎdition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。例如:?⑴、If I ｈaｖe timｅ, I wｉll help yｏｕwith ｔhisｗork.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (２)、Iｆtimｅperｍiｔs，ｗｅ＇ll go fishｉng tｏgetheｒ. (如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。) 2).虚拟条件句（Seｎtｅnces of UnrｅaｌCoｎditiｏn):当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如: ⑴、ＩfＩｗｅrｅyou ,I woｕｌd haｖe ａttenｄｅd th e meｅtiｎｇ．如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。?⑵、I f ｈe had come ｈeｒe yesterday, ｈｅwouｌd haｖe sｅen ｈis ｏlｄfriｅnd.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。?⑴、If iｔｈaｄrained yｅsｔerday, we would hａve stayｅｄaｔｈｏme．(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。)?２、．ｉf条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断?判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要
用虚拟语气。?判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法”?后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:?①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。?主句中则用情态动词wｏuld, sｈouｌd, coulｄ等加一个与从句 一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、Ｉf I had coｍe ｈeｒyestｅrdａy，Ｉｗoｕlｄhave seen hiｍ. ⑵、Ｉf Ｉwｅｒe a teaｃhｅr, I ｗｏｕｌd bｅｓtrｉct wｉth my studenｔｓ. ⑶、Ｉｆit ｓhouｌd snow ｔomorｒow,ｔheｙcoulｄn't g o out. 4、注意事项?①iｆ条件句中如有ｗere，should, haｄ,可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。?②在现代英语中ｉｆ条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用wｅrｅ。 二、虚拟语气在ｉf 引导的条件句中的用法:?(一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：?从句:if + 主语+动词的过
关于虚拟语气的完整用法
关于虚拟语气的完整用法 第一类 编辑 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法： 条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如： If I have time，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气） If I were you，I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气） 时态类型主句谓语形式 条件句的谓语 形式 例句 与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+ V 原形 动词过去式d id *be 多用wer e 1. If I were you, I should st udy English. 2. I would certainly go if I had time. 与过去事实相反would/should/could/might + h ave done 动词过去完成 式 had done 1. If you had taken my advi ce, you would not have fail ed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlie r, I would have caught the t
rain. 与将来事实相反would/should/could/might + V 原形 ①动词过去式 ②should +V 原 ③were + to do 1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ① 2. If it were to rain tomorro w, the meeting would be pu t off.③ *规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去） 注：特别说明 1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较： If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (would表结果) If you tried again，you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might表可能) If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法先看一道高考题： ___ more attention ，the trees could have grown better ． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D ．Having given (答案是A ) 句中" ．．．the trees could have grown better" 是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better ．" 来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为" 含蓄条件句" 。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下：一、介词短语常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with ，without ，in ，under ，but for 等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if 从句替换。 ( 1 ) without ，with without 表示否定的条件，意为if ．．．not ；with 与without 意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如： Without air , there would be no living things .(without air = if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help (= If I had her help )，I would do the experiment well ．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 ( 2 ) under Under the leadership of a less experienced person ，the experiment would have failed ．( u nder ．．．= If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person )假设在一个缺 少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 (3 ) in I would have lost my head in that position ．( in that position = if I had been in that po sition )我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 ( 4 ) but for
虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论： 1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形 2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句 3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest） 一．三种基本形态（1） 表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do 过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been) 将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出） 与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book. 与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should have enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟) If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见） 3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句： 1.与过去事实做相反： If…+had+done…would(should.could.might.that) 2.与现在事实相反：If+did(be-were),,,,,would(同上)+do. 3.与将来事实相反：If+did(be-would),,,were do,,,should do,,,,would+do(同上) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句： 在表示，要求，命令类的动词后面的宾语从句中用（should）+do.如：advise,suggest,propose,request,insist.suggest作暗示表明时，insist作“坚决认为”时不用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气用于主语从句： 1.It is necessary(important, natural,strange,essential,etc)that sb (should)+do 2.It is /was suggested (desired,ordered,proposed,advised)that sb(should)+do 3.It is time sb+did.做，，，时候了。 4.虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中（要是，，，就 好了） 1.must+have+过去分词（用于肯定句）一定已经…….
2.can’t (couldn’t)+have +过去分词（用于否定或疑问句）不可能…. 3.should/ought to+have+过去分词。本来不应该（却做了）… 4.needn’t+have+过去分词（本不必做） 1. 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
虚拟语气之含蓄条件句 “含蓄条件句”是指用介词短语的形式，起到代替条件句的作用。主句中的谓语动词仍可象虚拟条件句那样采用各种虚拟式。常使用的介词短语由but for, without构成。 一. 典型例句 1. Without air, human being would not be able to survive. = If there were no air, human being would not be able to survive. 如果没有空气，人类将无法生存。（与现在事实相反） 2. The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the caprain. =If it had not been the efforts of the caprain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. 要不是船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。（与过去事实相反） 注意： without, but for暗示了条件，所以相当于虚拟条件句中的从句，它们所在的句子主干相当于虚拟条件句中的主句，所以谓语动词的形式应该和虚拟条件句中的主句谓语动词形式相同。 二. 例题 1. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _________, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing cold C. can be freezing cold D. is freezing cold 2. But for the English examination, I ________________last Sunday. A.went to the concert B. would have gone to the concert C.would go to the concert D. had gone to the concert 三. 总结
虚拟语气试题和答案经典 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．----What can I do with so much money? ----If I _______ you, I _______ give it away to charity. A．am, will B．am, would C．were, would D．was, would 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意你如何处理这些钱？如果我是你，我会把它捐给慈善机构。表示对现在的虚拟，if引导的从句用一般过去时，语句用would do ,故选C项。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果天气是好的，我们的运动会就不会推迟了。这里是虚拟语气，根据wouldn’t可知这是对现在的虚拟，在条件状语中对现在的虚拟用were；put down 镇压，记下；put up提供； put off推迟。根据句意故选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning. A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
If 条件句虚拟语气 if 条件句 If it hadn’t rained ,I would have been out to play If I were to be a doctor,I would help those patients Hadn’t it rained, ,I would have been out to play 情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气： Should have done 本该做。。却没做 Shouldn’t have dong 不该做。。却做了 Needn’t have done 没必要做。。。却做了。。。 例如：I should have called me . 强化训练：虚拟语气 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we ----- all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2.-------- more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he ------me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.----------- today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 5. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 6. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he-------- our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be