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高一英语易错知识点集锦

高一英语易错知识点集锦
高一英语易错知识点集锦

高一英语易错知识点集锦

情态动词

【第一节】情态动词的特点

1.情态动词主语用来表示说话人的看法、意愿、态度等,常有“需要”、“可以”、“必须”、“应当”等意义。

2.不能单独作谓语,除ought to和used to以外,后面只能接不带to的不定式;

3.没有人称和数的变化。但can,will,dare等有一般时和过去时的变化;

4.情态动词形式不是区分时间的主要标志。

【第二节】can/could

5.表示能力,常译为“能,会”;

I can speak Japanese, but I can't write it. 我会说日语,但不会写。

6.表示允许,常译为“可以”;could还可以表示更加委婉地请求或许可;—Can/Could I have a look at your photos?—我可以看看你的照片吗?

—Of course you can.—当然可以。

7.表示对现在的推测,只用于疑问句或否定句中。

—Can she be in the classroom? —她可能在教室吗?

—No. She can't be in it.—不,她不可能在教室里。

8.用于肯定的陈述句中,表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。

Accidents can happen at any time.事故随时会发生。

9.表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信,主要用于否定句,疑问句和惊叹句。

How can you be so careless? 你怎么会这么粗心?

【第三节】can/be able to

10.can只有现在时和过去时could;can一般指自身具有的能力。be able to有更多种时态变化,在将来时,完成时和非谓语动词中用be able to;be able to表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力,相当于manage to do或succeed in doing;

【第四节】may/might

11.表示许可或请求许可。(用might比may语气更礼貌、更委婉)

—May I come in? —我可以进来吗?

—Yes, you can. /Of course you can. —是的,请进。

12.用May I...?征询对方许可,在文体上比较正式,在口语上比较客气。在日常用语中,用Can I...?征询对方意见更为常见。

13.表示可能性。主要用于陈述句,表示肯定或否定。

He might not come today. (might not较may not更不肯定) 他今天可能不会来。

14.表祝愿,固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”:May you succeed!

【第五节】must/have to

15.表示“必须,应该”。must用来表示说话人的主观看法,have to则表示客观的需要。

All the passengers must wear safety belts.

所有乘客都必须系安全带。

16.表示“不必”,用don't have to或needn't。must的否定形式表示“禁止,绝对不可”。

— Must we finish the exercise today? 我们今天必须做完这个练习吗?—Yes, you must. 是的,必须做完。

—No, you don't have to/needn't .不,不必要。

17.must表示必须。(must提出的问题,其否定回答用needn't,表示没有必要)

All the students must obey the school rules. 所有学生必须遵守校规。

18.must表示推测。(只能用在肯定句中,在否定句和疑问句中要用can或could)

You must be tired after the long journey. 长途旅行之后你一定累了。

19.must表示发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事,意思是“偏偏;偏要”;

Must you do things like that, Mallet? 马利特,小心点不行吗?(直译:偏要这么干吗?)

20. must not表示禁止,意思是“不许;不准;不可以”等。

You mustn't lend my book to others. 你不准把我的书借给别人。

【第六节】will/would

21.表示请求、建议,用于第二人称疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉;

22.表示意志、愿望和决心,有“愿;要”之意,would表示过去的意愿和决心;

I will do my best to help you. 我愿尽我最大努力帮助你。

23.will表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向;

Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水上。

24.will表示说话者的临时决定。

The telephone is ringing. I will answer it. 电话铃在响,我去接。

【第七节】shall/should

25.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示;

What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚干什么呢?

26.shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁;You shall fail if you don't work hard. 如果你不努力学习你会考试不及格。27.should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to,意为“应该”,还常用于虚拟语气中。

You shouldn't have left so soon. 你不应当走得这么早。

28.should表示推测,可能。这种推测往往有一定的根据,有“按道理应当”之意。

If the train is on time, she should arrive in Ningbo by seven.

如果火车准点的话,她应该7点之前到达宁波。

29.should还有“竟然”的意思。

【第八节】need/dare

30.need表示“需要”或“必要”,既可以作情态动词,也可以做实义动词,但他们的用法不同。作为情态动词,need通常用于否定句和疑问句中。need作为实义动词时,通常用法是:主语+need+to do (主语和to do 之间为主谓关系) ;主语+need+doing/to be done (主语和do之间为动宾关系) ;主语+need+sth.

31.dare既可作情态动词也可作实义动词;作情态动词时后跟动词原形,主要

用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。疑问句用:Dare he/they/you...? 否定句用daren't 。作实义动词时,用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等,常用结构:dare to do sth.

【第九节】情态动词+have done的用法

32.could have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。couldn't have done 表示“过去不可能做过”。

could have done表示“本来能做但却没做”。

例:The accident could have been avoided; the driver couldn't have slowed down.

33.may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”。

might have done 还可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”,含有轻微的责备语气。例:You might have given him more help, though you were busy with your work.

34.must have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定,想必做过”,语气十

分肯定。

例: It must have rained yesterday, as the ground is wet.

35.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做某事反而做了。

例:You oughtn't to have been late for the meeting, as it was very important.5.

36.needn't have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。

例:I actually needn't have bought so much food—only three people came. 37.had better have done 用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的口吻,意为“当时最

好做了某事”。

例:I had better have started earlier.

主语从句

【第一节】that引导的主语从句

38.that 只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,也无具体意义,通常不能省略。例That she will marry Joe is unlikely. 她要嫁给乔的可能性不大。

【第二节】whether/if 引导的主语从句

39.whether/if 意为“是否”,在从句中也不作成分。whether 引导主语从句时置于句首、句中均可,但if 引导的主语从句不能置于句首。

例Whether she can get that job is still unclear. 她是否能得到那份工作还不清楚。

例It's doubtful whether/if the manager knew the details of the plan. 经理是否知道计划的细节,还值得怀疑。

【第三节】连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句

40.连接代词(who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever 等)在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词(when,where,why,how)在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式等状语。例Who will take charge of the task has not been decided. 在从句中作主语谁来负责这项任务还没有决定。

例What Barbara Jones offers her fans is honesty and happiness.(北京卷)在从句中作offer 的宾语

芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。

例Why he did that wasn't quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。在从句中作原因状语

41.what 引导主句从句时,谓语动词的单复数形式遵循主谓一致原则。

例What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag.那个孩子想要的只是一个书包。

What the kid wanted were some new books.那个孩子想要的是一些新书。【第四节】用it 作形式主语的主语从句

42.It+be+形容词+that 从句

例It is not likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。

43.It+be+过去分词+that 从句

said 据说told 有人告诉heard 有人听说reported 据报道decided 做出决定suggested 有人建议advised 有人建议ordered 根据命令remembered 有人

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