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会话分析视角下汉语言语交际的性别差异研究

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction (1)

1.1 Research Background (1)

1.2Research Significance (2)

1.3 Research Method (3)

1.4 Data Collection (3)

1.5The Structure of the Thesis (4)

Chapter 2 Literature Review (6)

2.1 Studies of Language and Gender Abroad (6)

2.2 Studies of Language and Gender in China (8)

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework (11)

3.1 Conversational Structure (11)

3.2 Conversational Strategy (14)

3.2.1 Turn-taking Model (14)

3.2.2Responses of Utterance (17)

3.3 Conversational Style (19)

Chapter 4 Analyses of Gender Differences in Chinese Communication (20)

4.1 Gender Differences in Conversational Structure (20)

4.1.1 Opening Sequence (20)

4.1.2 Closing Sequence (22)

4.2 Gender Differences in Conversational Strategy (23)

4.2.1 Turn-taking (23)

4.2.2 Responses of Utterance (25)

4.3 Gender Differences in Conversational Style (31)

4.3.1 Topic Selection (31)

4.3.2 Topic Control (33)

4.3.3 Amount of Utterance (36)

4.3.4 Manner of Utterance (38)

4.4 Suggestions for Cross-gender Communications in Chinese Context (39)

4.4.1 Realizing Gender Differences in Language Use (40)

4.4.2 Finding Appropriate Topics (41)

4.4.3 Developing Mutual Understandings (41)

Chapter 5 Conclusion (43)

5.1 Major Findings (43)

5.2 Limitations and Suggestions (44)

Bibliography (46)

Appendix: Symbols of Transcription (48)

Acknowledgements (49)

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

The relationship of language and gender has been one of focuses in linguistics. As gender differences can cause language differences, men and women may have misunderstandings because of gender differences. In order to change the above situation, in which men and women can not communicate successfully, many attempts have been made to explain gender differences in language abroad and at home. At first, scholars usually make the static study on gender differences in language structure which include phonology (different intonation and pitch), lexicology (different choices of words) and grammar (different arrangements of words and sentences). And then, with the development of modern linguistics, scholars started to make the dynamic study on gender differences in language use, including verbal styles and strategies in communication, so studies of language and gender develop to conversational interaction. As the dynamic study is the new part in studies of language and gender, the present thesis aims to make the dynamic study in Chinese context with the reference of theories in English context. In this Chapter, there are five parts which are research background, research significance, research methods, data collection and the structure of the thesis.

1.1 Research Background

Language is not only a symbol system but also a social phenomenon. [1] And it is necessary for people to use language to communicate with each other in society. As men and women have to constantly contact in order to live in society, cross-gender communication becomes one of important parts in social communication, so the study of gender differences in conversation becomes important and valuable.

The topic of language and gender has been discussed since 17th century, but there were not many studies until 20th century when the pioneer scholar, Otto Jespersen, wrote Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin. And in the book, he explained the feature of women’s language in details. [1] Then, with the development of sociolinguistics and feminist

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