英语（二）模拟试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)
Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.
The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America.
The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week.
Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 .
The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y.
The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.
There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.
1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning
2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft
3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation
4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses
5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion
6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance
7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental
8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove
9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise
10. [A] despite [B] given [C] although [D] hence
11. [A] unveiled [B] discovered [C] exposed [D] revealed
12. [A] violated [B] assaulted [C] resisted [D] betrayed
13. [A] informed [B] entrust [C] imparted [D] confided
14. [A] available [B] retrievable [C] reversible [D] inaccessible
15. [A] constitute [B] correspond [C] confirm [D] conceive
16. [A] involves [B] strikes [C] embarrasses [D] attacks
17. [A] turn down [B] cut down [C] play down [D] bring down
18. [A] overshadowing [B] overlooking [C] overtaking [D] overthrowing
19. [A] expert [B] external [C] formal [D] automatic
20. [A] and [B] but [C] thus [D] despite
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions :
Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)
Text 1
Most American movies are produced in Hollywood, California. Hollywood, which is actually not a separate city but a part of Los Angeles, is an ideal spot for the movie industry. The sun shines most of the time, and the climate is mild. Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours’ drive.
Hollywood becomes the center of national attention one evening a year－Academy Award night. At the Academy Award presentation held each spring, statuettes called Oscars are given to film industry winners in dozens of categories, including best actor, best actress, and best picture. The winners are chosen by members of the industry before the ceremony, but their names are kept secret until presentation night, when they are announced in a long, nationally televised program.
Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II, when television captured much of the movie audience. Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offered much the same type of entertainment as television does. With free entertainment in their homes, many Americans simply stopped going to movies. Between 1946 and 1956, movie attendance was cut in half. At the same time, production costs zoomed. The movie industry was in trouble.
The industry adjusted itself in a number of ways. Movie companies rented sound stages to TV companies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmed many of them overseas. To lure audiences, the industry invested in new lenses, wider screens, and stereophonic sound. Studios also began producing kinds of entertainment that could not be offered by TV-films with controversial or shocking themes, films with huge casts and lavish settings. As a result of these changes, today the American motion picture industry is thriving.
21.What makes Hollywood a great place for American movie industry according to the passage?
[A] A famous part of Los Angeles
[B] Favorable natural and traffic conditions
[C] Natural scenery with mild climate and the shining sun
[D] A great industrial base of American
22.Which one about Oscars is correct according to the passage?
[A] It is the name of a great film figure
[B] It is given to World Academy Award in America each year
[C] It is a yearly honor to winners in movie industry
[D] It doesn’t produce until Academy Award night in each spring
23.Why did many Americans like entertaining in homes instead of going to cinema after World War II?
[A] Because the quality of film was becoming worse and worse
[B] Because Hollywood movies couldn’t offer entertainment similar to television
[C] Because the movie industry was in trouble for expensive production cost
[D] Because TV’s popularity made them enjoy without paying
24.What does the word “zoomed” (in the last sentence of the third paragraph) mean?
[A] Moved along very quickly
[B] Rose upward into the air
[C] Increased high in price
[D] Moved with a low humming noise
25.The movie industry tried many methods to lure audiences except__________.
[A] building commercial relationship with TV companies
[B] improving its basic equipment
[C] producing films with famous stars in low cost
[D] offering types of entertainment different from TV
Text2
The Arctic Ocean has given up tens of thousands more square kilometers of ice in a relentless summer of melt, with scientists watching through satellite eyes for a possible record low polar ice cap.
From the barren Arctic shore of a village in Canada’s far northwest, veteran observer Eddie Gruben has seen the summer ice retreating more each decade as the world has warmed. By this weekend the ice edge lay 128 kilometers at sea, but forty years ago, it was 64 kilometers out. Global average temperatures rose 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, but Arctic temperatures rose twice as much or even faster, almost certainly in large part because of manmade greenhouse gases, researchers say. In late July the mercury soared to almost 86 degrees Fahrenheit in this settlement of 900 Arctic Eskimos.
As of Thursday, the U.S. National Snow and Ice Date Center reported, the polar ice cap extended over 6.75 million square kilometers after having shrunk an average 106,000 square kilometers a day in July—equivalent to one Indiana or three Belgiums daily. The rate of melt was similar to that of July 2007, the year when the ice cap dwindled to a record minimum extent of 4.3 million square kilometers in September. In its latest analysis, NSIDC said Arctic atmospheric conditions this summer have been similar to those of the summer of 2007, including a high-pressure ridge that produced clear skies and strong melt in the Beaufort Sea, the arm of the Arctic Ocean off northern Alaska and northwestern Canada.
Scientists say the makeup of the frozen polar sea has shifted significantly the past few years,
as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctic’s dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and summer. The past few years have “signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate,” Meier said. Ironically, the summer melts since 2007 appear to have allowed disintegrating but still thick multiyear ice to drift this year into the relatively narrow channels of the Northwest Passage. Usually, impassable channels had been relatively ice-free the past two summers.
Observation satellites’remote sensors will tell researchers in September whether the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record. Then the sun will begin to slip below the horizon for several months, and temperatures plunging in the polar darkness will freeze the surface of the sea again, leaving this and other Arctic coastlines in the grip of ice. Most of the sea ice will be new, thinner and weaker annual formations, however.
At a global conference last March in Copenhagen, scientists declared that climate change is occurring faster than had been anticipated, citing the fast-dying Arctic cap as one example. A month later, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted Arctic summers could be almost ice-free within 30 years, not at the century’s end earlier predicted.
26.The word “retreating” (Line2, Paragraph2) most probably means________.
[A] withdrawing [B] moving back
[C] melting [D] treating again
27.We may infer from Paragraph 2 and 3 that____________.
[A] rising Arctic temperatures result completely from manmade greenhouse gases
[B] the summer ice edge was 192 kilometers at sea 40 years ago
[C] the polar ice cap was over 6.87million square kilometers in July
[D] the ice cap reduced to a record low minimum extent in July
28.We may know that summer melts made____________.
[A] some impassable channels covered by ice
[B] no contribution to the makeup change of polar ice
[C] thin ice become multiyear ice
[D] the world climate change its character
29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that____________.
[A] scientists predicted future climate changes accurately
[B] the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record
[C] the future ice may be annually formed thinness
[D] Arctic summers couldn’t be ice-free until next century
30.Which of the following is the best title for this text?
[A] Arctic ice lowers to its smallest size
[B] Arctic ice disappears under summer sun
[C] Why Arctic ice disappears soon
[D] Arctic ice closely relates to climate changes
Text3
The classic American identity theft scam works like this: the thief convinces some bank or credit card company he’s actually you and borrows God knows how many dollars in your name. Once you discover and report this, you’re not liable for money the bank lost, but neither are you entitled to compensation for the time and effort you spend straightening the matter out. Bear in
mind that when I say “the thief convinces the bank he’s you”, I’m not talking about a brilliant actor and master of disguise who imitates your voice and mannerisms well enough to fool your own mother. No, all that’s necessary to fool a bank is your birth date and US social security number, or just discarded credit card offer taken from your bin.
Why are lenders so careless with their money? The snarky answer is: because they know taxpayers will bail them out. But identity theft was a problem in America long before phrases like “too big to fail” entered our vocabulary. I became an identity-theft statistic nine years ago, when I opened my mail to find a bill for a maxed- out credit card I never knew I had. I spent over two weeks cleaning the mess: filing police reports, calling the company, sitting on hold, getting disconnected and calling back to sit on hold again. Considering my salary back then, I spent over a thousand dollars’ worth of my time and wasn't entitled to a penny in damages.
It all could easily have been avoided, had the company made a minimal effort to ensure they were loaning money to me rather than my dishonest doppelganger. So why didn't they? Because that would take time -at least a day or two. And if people had to wait a day between applying for and receiving credit, on-the-spot loans would be impossible. Every major retail chain in America pushes these offers: “Apply for a store credit card and receive 15% off your first purchase!” From the lenders’ perspective, writing off a few bad ID-theft debts is cheaper than losing the lucrative “impulse buyer” market.
But that would change if companies had to pay damages to identity theft victims. Should they have to? The supreme court of the state of Maine is currently pondering that question. In March 2008 the Hannaford supermarket chain announced that hackers broke into their database and stole the credit card information of over 4 million customers, some of whom sued Hannaford for damages. None of the customers lost money, of course, but they felt-as I did-that their time and effort are worth something too.
It’s too early to know how the court will rule, but I’ll make a prediction anyway: nothing will ch ange from the consumers’ perspective, and protecting lenders from their own bad habits will continue to be our unpaid job. When the worldwide economic meltdown started, I naively thought the subsequent tightening of credit lines would at least make identity theft less of a problem than before. But I was just being silly.
31.After suffering from identity theft, you_____________.
[A] should pay for money the bank lost
[B] are required to report to your bank immediately
[C] have to assume the cost of getting your identity back
[D] won’t have to take any loss caused by it
32.What’s the real meaning of “too big to fail” in para. 2?
[A] Leaders are so big that they couldn’t fail at all.
[B] Leaders won’t pay for their loaning carelessness.
[C] Leaders are big enough to pay for any large loans.
[D] America is big enough to solve any problems.
33. The 3rd paragraph mainly talks about___________.
[A] Why companies take efforts to avoid identity theft
[B] The reason of companies’ effortlessness to help avoid identity theft
[C] The reason of taking time to solve the problem of identity theft
[D] The cause of companies offering on-the-spot loans
34. The example in the 4th paragraph is cited to show that________.
[A] Companies have paid for damages to identity theft victims
[B] Customers often suffer from identity theft in America
[C]Companies should be responsible for identity theft
[D]Companies often suffer from identity theft in America
35. What’s the author’s attitude to current solutions to identity theft?
[A] Disappointed [B] Confident
[C] Complicated [D] Optimistic
Text4
Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.
That does not mean that Americans are getting the world's best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice have been compiling the “Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care”, using Medicare data to compare health-spending patterns in different regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.
Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades' experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.
That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possible—and not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope.
But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someone's life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.
Dr Byock's writing style is not everybody's cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.
36. According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from
[A] Americans' failure to admit death as part of their life
[B] doctors' inclination to overtreat the patient
[C] a culture that is obsessed with youth and health
[D] a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients
37. The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical practice to illustrate that
[A] the medical care quality differs widely from region to region
[B] there is little that hospitals can do in saving people's lives
[C] a lot of medical resources are wasted
[D] the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness
38. The central idea of Ira Byock's book is to appeal to the hospital to
[A] save every life with every possible means
[B] help people to die if that is his/her will
[C] make people feel comfortable in their remaining hours
[D] consider whether the cure is worthwhile before conducting it
39. In the author's opinion the example of the HIV-positive young man in Paragraph 5
[A] eliminates the possibility of applying gentle dying process in medicare
[B] is merely an extreme case that should not be taken as a standard
[C] emphasizes the importance of aggressive treatment even with slim hope
[D] is used as an irony of the current state of American medical system
40. According to the author, the American government will the proposal of gentle dying
[A] disapprove of [B] divide at
[C] hesitate at [D] side with
Part B
Directions:
Reading the following text and answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
[A] Convincing evidence: US is losing its appeal in the eyes of multinationals
[B] Biggest hindrance: US divided political system
[C] American future: stuck in the middle
[D] Overstated statement: US overall competitiveness is declining
[E] V oice of experts: pessimism pervades academic world
[F] Economic outlook: bad but not desperate
[G] Undisputed fact: US is losing its economic edge
41.
Is America fading? America has been gripped by worries about decline before, notably in the 1970s, only to roar back. But this time it may be serious. There is little doubt that other countries are catching up. Between 1999 and 2009 America’s share of world exports fell in almost every industry: by 36 percentage points in aerospace, nine in information technology, eight in communications equipment and three in cars. Private-sector job growth has slowed dramatically,
and come to a halt in industries that are exposed to global competition. Median annual income grew by an anemic 2% between 1990 and 2010.
42.
The March issue of the Harvard Business Review is devoted to “American competitiveness”. The Review reports that declinism is prevalent among HBS alumni: in a survey, 71% said that American competitiveness would decline in the coming years.
43.
America is losing out in the race to attract good jobs. Matthew Slaughter of Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business points out that multinational firms increased employment in America by 24% in the 1990s. But since then they have been cutting back on jobs in America. They have moved dull repetitive tasks abroad, and even some sophisticated ones, too. The proportion of the employees of American multinationals who work for subsidiaries abroad rose from 21.4% in 1989 to 32.3% in 2009. The share of research-and-development spending going to foreign subsidiaries rose from 9% in 1989 to 15.6% in 2009; that of capital investment rose from 21.8% in 1999 to 29.6% in 2009.
44.
America’s politic al system comes in for particularly harsh criticism: 60% of HBS alumni said that it was worse than those in other advanced countries. David Moss of HBS argues that such complaints are nothing new: American politicians have been squabbling about the role of government ever since Thomas Jefferson butted heads with Alexander Hamilton. But in the past this often led to fruitful compromises. But such compromises are rarer these days. Republicans and Democrats are more ideologically divided, and less inclined to make pragmatic concessions.
45.
For all this gloom, the Review’s gurus argue that, as Bill Clinton said in his first inaugural address, there is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. The country has huge strengths, from its world-beating universities to its tolerance of risk-taking. It has a highly diverse market: firms that seek cheap labour can move to Mississippi, where wages are a third lower than those in Massachusetts. Rosabeth Moss Kanter of HBS points to the extraordinary amount of innovation that is going on not just in Silicon Valley but across the country.
Yet it is difficult to read this collection of essays without a sense of foreboding. The one thing that worries the HBS alumni more than anything else—the state of American politics—is the most difficult to fix. The political pendulum swings unpredictably, making it hard to plan for the future. Should companies assume that they will have to abide by Mr Obama’s health-care law when it comes into effect in 2014, or will the Republicans have repealed it by then? No one knows.
Section III Translation
46. Direction:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)
Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is senior citizen discount.Anyone who has reached a certain age is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the
discounts have become a routine part of many businesses- as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.
People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. Perhaps the practice once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population.To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47.Directions:
John, one of your friends, failed in the last CET-6 and is upset. Write a letter to him to
1) express your pity, point out the reason for his failure,
2) encourage him, and suggest a better way to prepare the exam.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
48.Directions:
In this section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following table,in which you should
1)describe the table,
2)state your opinions drawn from it.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
Section I Use of English
1 - 5 BDBAB 6 - 10 CCBCD
11-15 AACDA 16-20 CCABB
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
21-25 B C D C C 26-30 C B A C B
31-35 C B B C A 36-40 A C C B D
Part B
41-45 GEABF
Section III Translation
在美国，年龄就是特权，其中比较突出的一项就是老年折扣。凡达到一定年龄，几乎在各类商业活动中会自动获得大量令人惊羡的减价权利。这在上一辈的时代几乎闻所未闻，而现在折扣已成为许多企业的一种惯例，普通得就像汽车旅馆里的彩电和飞机上的免费咖啡。
头发花白的人通常不用主动要求就能得到折扣。然而至今，成千上万60岁以上的美国人都是健康的。那些从不打算给大学生或30岁以下的年轻人打折扣的商店都免费给年长者提供折扣。也许这种惯例曾经是对的，但如今美国老年人这个群体的贫困率比其他任何居民都低。当然，老年人的经济状况也是多样的，很多年长的美国人是贫穷的，但他们中的大部分人并非如此。
2019年考研英语二大纲及变动情况 2019考研大纲在今天终于出来了，今天大纲有什么变化呢?下面是勤思考研的老师整理的2019英语二考研大纲对比2018年的变化。 2018英语二 2019英语二 全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)考试大纲 (非英语专业)(2019年版) I.考试性质 英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等院校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。 II.考查目标 考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能： (一)语言知识 1.语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括： (1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法; (2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法; (3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法; (4)常用连接词的词义及其用法; (5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法; (6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法; (7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法; (8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。 2.词汇 考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。 (二)语言技能 1.阅读 考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。 根据阅读材料，考生应能： (1)理解主旨要义; (2)理解文中的具体信息; (3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系; (4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义; (5)进行一定的判断和推理; (6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 2.写作
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would
英语（二）模拟试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America. The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y. The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years. There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate. 1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning 2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft 3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation 4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses 5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion 6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance 7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental 8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove 9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二） 及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12 ___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.
2018年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题 SectionⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’
2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析（完整版） ——跨考教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one,5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seve n were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more sho cks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced th is effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photograph s of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often co nsidered a good instinct-it can12new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a prof ound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,partici pants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pic
绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二） （科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡 指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须 书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂 写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写） 考生编号 考生姓名
SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously he painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will
13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence 14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive 15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist 16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict 17.A.choose B remember C.promise D.pretend 18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty 19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether 20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategies Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSH ER SHEET.(40points) Text1 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization,but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week's cover story.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain? As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a trafficked desk stuck.With generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle. But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it's for kids who can't make it academically,"he says. On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new mantra.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so. But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all--and the subtle devaluing of anything less--misses an important point:That's not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor's degree opens more doors.But even now,54percent of the jobs in the country aremiddl2-skill job,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words,at a time when the working class has numbered the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap. Kcziatek's school is wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply bec ome lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a gre at time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National Un iversity of Ireland in Galway. These days, bec ause leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.