UNIT SIX
TEXT ONE
Maintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as
forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts.
Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss.
But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them.
Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google
projects.
The price tag—or lack of one—isn't a bad sales pitch either. Ramin Sedehi, the vice dean for finance and administration at Penn, says 30 percent of Penn's students already forward their messages to outside clients, and he predicts universities will eventually be out of the E-mail hosting business altogether. Ball State University and the Indiana University Alumni Association are now on Windows Live, and Arizona State University switched to Google Apps in October 2006, already converting at least 40,000 of its 65,000 students to the new system. Penn State University and California Polytechnic State University, to name two, have been in talks, while other schools are watching and waiting.
1. The number of student complaints has grown exponentially because_____
[A] the school servers are unwieldy and unreliable.
[B] the information-technology director is not the expert in providing IT-related assistance.
[C] the internal E-mail systems are much more backward than those commercially successful email systems.
[D] there are no collaboration tools in the internal E-mail systems.
2. Microsoft and Google do not run ads on the E-mail systems for schools because_____
[A] they want to cater to the requirements of their clients.
[B] they are sponsored by schools and do not need the revenue from ads.
[C] they want to build up a unique community with life-long loyalty.
[D] they want to maintain the stability of the systems at the present.
3. Compared with the universities, the advantage of Goole and Microsoft in hosting accounts of alumni is _____
[A] that they can reserve every account with minimum charge.
[B] that they can retain every account at customers’ wish.
[C] that they can maintain every account as long as the customers want.
[D] that they can keep every account fro free in
a long term.
4. The two giants persist in providing the E-mail services though they run at a loss because_____
[A] they believe they will have good returns from the would-be lifelong users in the future.
[B] it is part of their social commitment to return the society through contributing to education.
[C] their strategy is to make profit through advertisement to university alumni. [D] they want the students to propagandize for their projects.
5. The word “relinquish” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means_____
[A] lose.
[B] abandon. [C] exchange.
[D]waste.
文章剖析：
这篇文章介绍了大学将自己的电邮系统外包给微软、谷歌等公司。第一段讲述大学自己经营电邮系统的缺陷；第二段讲述外包电邮系统的优点；第三段讲述外包商的策略；第四段讲述外包存在的一些问题；第五段讲述目前大学电邮系统外包的情况。
词汇注释:
bane n. 祸害；害人精unwieldy adj. 难操纵的, 难控制的
exponentially adv. 指数地，幂数地gizmo n. 小玩意儿，小发明
spam n. 兜售信息[邮件，广告，新闻，文章]
dividend n. 红利shuffle out of v. 笨拙地脱下
alumni n. 毕业生, 校友relinquish v.放弃
难句突破：
(1)Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of
student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like
YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer.
[主体句式] Severs are…, and the number has grown…
[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，后面分句结构比较复杂；该分句是带有as引导的原因状语从句的复杂句，前面in the past several years是状语。
[句子译文]在过去的几年中，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长，而不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。
(2) Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google projects.
[主体句式] Most university IT managers agree that… and praise has done …
[结构分析] 这是一个并列句。前面的分句以that 引导的宾语从句中，prot ecting …是现在分词结构作前面job 的定语；后面的分句to 引导的是目的状语。
[句子分析] 但是大多大学IT 负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些几乎不存在的市场预算。
[答案]C
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。文章第一段提到随着不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail 、
Gmail 不断更新电邮的服务项目，学生的抱怨越来越多，可以看出，学生抱怨数量的增多是因为相对于学校之外那些商业上非常成功的电邮系统，内部电邮系统跟不上进步。因此，选项C 最为符合题意。A 选项也有一定道理，但是不如C 选项概括精确。B
和D 选项很显然不是主要的原因。
[答案] A
[难度分析] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。文章在第二段提到这两大巨头将各自的广告项目都从该系统移除了，这是为了照顾教育家们的担忧，那么可以推断，是因为教育家担忧学校系统有广告会影响教育，因此两个公司才有这样的举措，所以他们主要是为了迎合客户的需求。因此选项中A最为符合题意。C选项有一定道理，而且在文章第三段中也有提到终生用户，但是这只是一个长远的想法，并不是本问题的直接原因。
[答案] C
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。文章第三段提到在以前大学自己的网络上，不能保存那么多学生的纪录，而这两大巨头却可以无限期地保存这些记录，只要客户需要就能以这种方式将客户保留住。可以，其优势是可以无限期地保存每一份记录。选项C中as long as the customers want就是文章中indefinitely这个词语的意思，因此为正确答案。至于是否收费还是免费、以及是否会考虑客户的需求，这在文章中都没有提及。
[答案] A
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。文章第二段提到两大巨头在亏本为高校提供电邮系统服务，第三段开头就指出它们希望，现在没有赚到的钱会在将来以终身用户的形式来给与它们回报。可见，他们这样做的目的是为了培养终生客户。因此，答案A最为符合题意。B选项在文章中并没有提及任何社会责任，属于无中生有。关于C选项，虽然文章中提到了他们的长远目标是留住大学校友客户，但是并没有提到通过向他们打广告盈利。D选项显然也是错误的，两家公司并没有计划让学生们帮忙宣传。
[答案]B
[难度分析] ☆
[分析]根据上下文，并不是所有的学校都打算外包服务，批评家也担心如果将电邮转让出去，大学可能就要放弃保证信息安全的自由。从also这个词可以看出来，relinquish和hand over应该类似，是主动的，那么答案中B最为贴切。A有被动失去的意思。
参考译文:
长期以来，维护内部电子邮件系统一直是大学信息技术主任最头疼的问题。服务器难以控制、稳定性差，在过去的几年中，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长，而不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。许多学校的解决办法就是举起白旗，将电邮交给外面的专家打理。
拥有Hotmail的微软，谷歌（Gmail）是教育电邮市场最大的玩家。外包系统除了有灵巧的辅助小工具（如收发消息、日历和协作工具），该系统更加稳定，有更好的广告过滤器, 并提供比大学传统的内部系统更大的存储空间。在宾西法尼亚大学，老电邮服务为学生提供60m的存储，是Windows Live现在提供的2G空间的3%。但是谷歌和微软都不收费，起码从金钱上或是短期来说是这样的。微软的Windows Live @ edu以及谷歌的教育应用版对于学校是免费的。这两个科技巨头还除去了另外一项收入来源，即将各自的广告服务去除，以免去教育家的担忧。微软甚至中断了这项业务（其在即时消息那样的非电邮服务上运营广告），而几乎完全靠广告获得收入的谷歌公司现在正亏损运行。
但是虽然他们现在没有赚到的钱，这些公司希望在未来通过终身用户的形式获得巨大的红利，谷歌的Jeff Kelter这样说。一旦毕业典礼结束，学生们就会看到自己的电邮转为传统的基于广告的Gmail和Hotmail了。和以前不同的是，如果大学应付不了成千上万的校友，谷歌和微软可以无限期地保留每个人的纪录，他们有需求就可以一直保留用户身份。
但是并不是所有的学校都打算将自己的技术工作外包，隐私和安全问题是他们最为关心的。批评者认为如果将电邮的职责交出去的话，学校也就放弃了以他们认为合适的方法保证信息安全的自由。即使在业界，对于诸如谷歌Apps这样的用户技术也存在很大的怀疑。但是大多大学IT负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些几乎不存在的市场预算。
价格标签——或者没有——也不是一个坏的销售方式。宾西法尼亚大学财务和管理副主任Ramin Sedehi称30%的学生已经将他们的信息转给外部委托人，他预计大学最终将完全脱离自主电邮行业。鲍尔州立大学和印第安纳大学校友会使用Windows Live，而亚利桑那州州立大学2006年10月开始使用谷歌Apps，目前已经将至少65000名学生中的40000名转移到了新系统上。宾西法尼亚州州立大学和加利福尼亚工艺州立大学已经在商谈中，而其他学校都在观望和等待。
TEXT TWO
China makes computers, but imports most of its chips. India makes drugs, but copies almost all of the compounds; it writes software, but rarely owns the result. The bolder claims made for all three industries thus have a similar, hollow ring. They have flourished, but mostly on the back of other countries' technology. “We are not at the stage of Intel Inside,” admits Arvind Atignal of Clinigene, a clinical-research firm, drawing his own analogy between desktops and drugs. “We are the keyboard, screens and peripherals.”
How much does this matter? Joseph Xie of SMIC, the Chinese chipmaker, spent seven years working inside Intel. Its strategy, he says, was simple: “get there first; make most of the money; let the second guy get the change.” That is certainly one way to run a technology firm. But competing in that race is expensive and exhausting. Few of Intel's rivals still try to keep up with it, nanometre by nanometre.
Countries of China's and India's heft and ambition cherish the idea of pushing back the limits of technology. But that push is risky, costly, frustrating work. A country shouldn't do it unless it has to. Although China and India could devote their considerable intellectual resources to solving the problems faced by economies on the technological frontier, why cross that bridge until you reach it? Seen in this light, India's generic drugmakers are models not laggards. They invest in just enough know-how to exploit the rest of the world's discoveries. Thanks to them, Indians enjoy some of the world's cheapest medicines.
Under the WTO's Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights agreement (TRIPS), India has ceded the right to free-ride foreign advances. It now grants 20 years of patent protection to inventions hatched after 1995. In return, it hopes tighter laws will inspire
Indians to new exploits in innovation, and reassure foreigners wary of inventing or making original products in the country.
The tougher laws may yet succeed. A recent study by Bruce Abramson of the World Bank expresses high hopes. A “patent chic” is already detectable in the country, he reports. He has even heard of Indian farmers calling lawyers in the hope of patenting their prize vegetables.
But, as yet, the new regime has not proved its worth. Over 17,000 patent applications were filed in India in 2004-05, almost 40% more than the year before. But only 3,500 were by Indians. Of the 49 most prolific filers in the past decade, 44 are either foreign companies or subsidiaries. Of the five Indian firms, all are either government-sponsored institutes or generic-drug companies, which did fine before TRIPS.
The new regime will be costly to run, if India takes it seriously. But the larger cost lies in the opportunities for unabashed imitation that India has now forgone. These lost opportunities might be quite big. Had Indian firms been prevented from copying fluoroquinolones, for example, the Indian public would have been worse off by the equivalent of $255m a year, reckons a study of the antibiotics market by Shubham Chaudhuri of the World Bank, Pinelopi Goldberg of Yale and Panle Jia of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1. Arvind Atignal draws an analogy between desktops and drugs because_____
[A] both of them have a similar prospect in China and India.
[B] both industries in India are still lacking core technology. [C] drug-making in India is like making peripherals for desktops.
[D] the two industries have a similar operation in India.
2. The idea maintained by countries like China and India is _____
[A] to do the best they could.
[B] to solve the technological problems to the best of their ability.
[C] to go beyond the limits of technology.
[D] to do what they have to.
3. India has ceded the right to free-ride foreign advances because_____
[A] it wants to push back the limits of technology. [B] it is in accordance with TRIPS.
[C] it wants to inspire Indians to making innovation.
[D] it wants to protect the inventions by the foreigners.
4. From the data of the sixth paragraph, it can be inferred that_____
[A] the tougher laws are not successful since it failed to r aise Indians’ enthusiasm for patents.
[B] Indians are not so inventive as the foreign counterparts measured by patent application.
[C] Indians’ inventions are negligible because most firms are funded by the government and thus lack incentive. [D] Indians are still left behind in inventions even under the system that encourage patenting. 5. Towards the future of the new regime, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____
[A] pessimistic.
[B] optimistic.
[C] dubious.
[D] objective.
文章剖析：
这篇文章介绍印度在技术发明创造方面的情况。第一、二段讲述印度在科技核心发明方面的特点；第三段讲述印度在该方面实施策略的逻辑；第四段讲述印度为改变发明专利方面现状采取的一些措施；第五段讲述严格的法律并没有明显效果；第六段讲述印度在发明专利方面还很落后；第七段讲述采取这样措施的弊端。
词汇注释：
nanometre n. 毫微米heft n. 影响
laggard n. 落后者cede v. 放弃
free-ride n. 不付出正常努力就能得到的东西
难句突破：
(1)Although China and India could devote their considerable intellectual resources to
solving the problems faced by economies on the technological frontier, why cross that bridge until you reach it?
[主体句式] Although China and India could…why cross …
[结构分析]这是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，条件状语从句中，devote…to …是一个固定结构，to后跟的是动名词；主句是一个反疑疑问句。
[句子译文] 尽管中国和印度能够投入他们可观的智力资源来解决经济在技术前沿遇到的经济问题，那为什么不在碰到问题时再跨越这座桥呢？
(2) Had Indian firms been prevented from copying fluoroquinolones, for example, the Indian public would have been worse off by the equivalent of $255m a year, reckons a study of the antibiotics market by Shubham Chaudhuri of the World Bank, Pinelopi Goldberg of Yale and Panle Jia of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
[主体句式] …, reckons a study
[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，Had…$255m a year
这是reckons的宾语从句，该宾语从句是虚拟语气；a study 是句子的主语。
[句子译文] 比如根据世界银行的Shubham Chaudhuri、耶鲁大学的Pinelopi Goldberg以及麻省理工大学的Panle
Jia 做的一项关于抗生素市场的研究，如果禁止印度公司效仿氟硅酮，那么印度公众可能一年就要损失掉2亿550万美元。
[答案] C
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析] 这是一个推理题。Arvind
Atignal 供职于临床研究公司，他做这样的类比应该是说明医药方面的情况，键盘、显示器只是外围的设备，核心是因特尔芯片。结合上文所说的印度制药业的情况，可以看出他做这样的类比是为了说明印度的制药业核心还不在自己手上，做的一些东西都是边缘化的。因此，选项C 最为符合题意。至于B
选项提到的核心技术，相应的段落没有具体集体，因此B 是干扰选项。
[答案]D
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析]推理题。文章第三段主要就是描述此类国家在技术创新方面的观点。他们认为，等到了确实需要的时候再进行研究，目前需要什么就研究什么，不要过于超前追求技术的创新。选项中，A 、B 选项正好和这个观点相反，C 选项也和限制技术极限的观点相反，D 选项符合这个观点，是正确答案。
[答案]B
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析]
推理题。文章第四段讲述印度目前采取了一些措施想要改变技术创造的现状。首先提到，依据世贸组织相关知识产权协议，放弃了借鉴外国先进技术的权利。可以看出，是这项协定作用的结果，因此，答案为B选项，而其他三个选项的内容在第四段中都没有提到。
[答案] D
[难度分析] ☆☆☆☆
[分析]推理题。文章第六段中给出的数据可以明显看出，印度人在发明创造专利申请方面比起外国人来少之又少，而结合前面谈到的情况，可以得出印度在发明创造方面还远远不如外国人。因此，答案中D最为符合。A选项不正确是因为这些数据可能是在该法律实施前的数据；C只是表面的现象，深层次来讲还是印度发明创造落后这一原因。
[答案]A
[难度分析] ☆
[分析]态度题。这篇文章介绍了目前印度为改变技术创新方面的现状作了一些努力，但从后面的描述中可以看出这些举措还未成功，而且最后谈到这样的话印度损失很大。由此可以看出，作者对此的态度并不乐观，选项A最为符合。
参考译文：
中国制造电脑，但大部分芯片都是进口的。印度制药，但所有的配方都是抄来的；印度还编软件，但最后的成果却很少归他们所有。关于这三个行业的大胆设想都有相似的、空洞的性质。这些行业都很兴盛，但是却要依仗其他国家的技术。“我们还没到因特尔内核那个层面，”临床研究公司Clinigene的Arvind Atignal说道，他将电脑和医药进行了类比。“我们只不过是键盘、显示器和一些外围设备罢了。”
那么这有什么关系呢？中国芯片制造商SMIC的Joseph Xie 在因特尔公司工作了七年。他说，因特尔的策略很简单：“先到一个地方；赚一大部分钱；让第二个人得点零头。”这当然是运营科技公司的一种方法，但是这种竞争是昂贵的，也是耗人体力的。因特尔仅有的几个对手仍在追赶它，尽管是以毫微米的速度。
在影响、抱负方面与中国、印度不相上下的国家都希望能把科技的极限推回去，但是这种作法有一定风险、耗费财力且容易落空。一个国家如果不是迫不得已就不应该这样做。尽管中国和印度能够投入他们可观的智力资源来解决经济在技术前沿遇到的经济问题，那为什么不在碰到问题时再跨越这座桥呢？要这样看的话，印度生物制药商就是典范而不是落后者了。他们只用足够的专门技术去开发世界各地的发现。正是因为他们，印度人才能够享受世界上最便宜的药物。
根据世界贸易组织的相关知识产权协议，印度已经放弃了借鉴国外先进的权利。现在印度赋予1995年后孵化的发明20年的专利保护。希望从紧的法律可以激励印度人探索新发明，也让那些一直对在这个国家的发明创造充满戒心的外国人安心。
更为从紧的法律还未成功。不过世界银行的Bruce Abramson最近的一项研究表达了较高的期望。他报道说，在这个国家已经发现了“专利chic”。他曾听说印度农民打电话给律师，希望可以为他们得奖的蔬菜申请专利。
但是，这个新兴的国家还没有证实自己的价值。2004年至2005年，印度的专利使用权申请有17000多宗，比前一年多了几乎40%。但是其中只有3500宗是印度人申请的。在过去的十年里，49个最多产的专利申请机构中有44个或是外国公司、或是外国公司子公司。而这五家印度公司要不是政府资助的研究所，要不是生物制药公司，它们在TRIPS前做得很出色。
如果印度真的要这样做的话，这个国度运作起来就太耗费钱财了。但是更大的消耗在于印度目前放弃的模仿机会。这样丢失掉的机会可能很多。比如根据世界银行的Shubham Chaudhuri、耶鲁大学的Pinelopi Goldberg以及麻省理工大学的Panle Jia做的一项关于抗生素市场的研究，如果禁止印度公司效仿氟硅酮，那么印度公众可能一年就要损失掉2亿550万美元。
TEXT THREE
Thousands of writers in Los Angeles and New York went on strike this week, risking their incomes and careers. They want more money for their work when it is used online than Hollywood studios are willing to pay. Because the strike is over matters of principle, not just dollars and cents, it could last for months. The immediate effect was to shut down late-night talk shows, including “Late Show with David Letterman” and “The Tonight Show with Jay Leno”. If the last wri ters' strike, in 1988, is any guide, the talk shows will stay silent for a couple of months before going back on air without scripts. Soaps will be next to go, in a week or two; then prime-time dramas, a few weeks later. Some say the film business is safe, because studios have stockpiled scripts. But scripts often need tweaking by writers at the last minute.
Media companies argue that the market has become increasingly competitive and uncertain for many reasons, including internet piracy and tumbling box-office receipts. They want to cut writers' income from “residuals”, which are payments made when a TV show is re-used. The writers are determined not to repeat the mistake they made in 1985, when they listened to the studios' plea that home video was an unproven new market and agreed to a residual payment of 0.3%, which translates into about four cents for each sale of a DVD—or one-tenth of what DVD-box manufacturers get. The writers now want a residual payment of 2.5% for re-use of material online and on mobile phones.
The studios say that internet delivery is the same as home video, so the old rate still applies. And they refuse to pay anything to writers when content is streamed over the internet free to viewers, supported by ads, because this is merely “promotion”. Both sides made last-minute concessions on traditional-media payments. But because
new-media rights are so critical to the future earnings of writers and studios, neither was willing to compromise.
Who will suffer the most? “The strike won't affe ct most studios unless the writers stay out three to five months,” says a senior executive at a media conglomerate. Because writers on reality and animation programmes are not unionised, the networks will be able to switch to other forms of programming; sport will fill the gaps, too. But Moody's, a credit-rating agency, reckons that a strike lasting into late 2008 would have a serious financial impact. Broadcast networks and premium-cable channels would be hurt most, because they rely most on first-run scripted shows.
Some writers, of course, are wealthy. “I'm walking the picket line with some guys who are worth millions,” says Lou DiMaggio, a reality- and game-show writer who won an Emmy award for “Win Ben Stein's Money”. But the vast majority of writers, he says, earn about $50,000-75,000 a year. Mr DiMaggio says he backed out of buying a house because of the strike; junior writers may have to go back to waiting tables. Luckily for Hollywood, however, most scribes are too devoted to their calling to be put off. Gary Goldman, a writer picketing outside Fox Studios who has worked on science-fiction thrillers such as “Minority Report”, says that many writers will spend their free time working on screenplays that they hope to sell to the studios on spec.
1.Which one of the following
statements is TRUE of the strike?
[A] The mere aim of this strike is to increase writers’ income in general.
[B] The strike is mainly relevant the issue of scripts used on TV show and primary dramas.
[C] The strike will be effective only if it last for a long time.
[D] Whether the film industry will be affected by the strike or not is open to question.
2.The writers made a mistake in the
strike of 1985 because_____
[A] the studio’s offer of payment increase was satisfactory.
[B] they readily believed the studios’ excuse out of a false judgment.
[C] the union failed to unite the majority of the writers.
[D] the market prospect of home video was not so competitive and uncertain. 3. In the end the writers and the studios made a compromise on_____
[A] the TV show payments.
[B] the payments of the online drama shows.
[C] the payments of the mobile phone shows.
[D] the payments of internet shows.
4. The word “unionised” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____
[A] united.
[B]organized.
[C] established.
[D] arranged.
5. The screenplays are written by the writers in their free time will be sold to the studios_____
[A] on a special offer.
[B] with no guarantee of profit.
[C] on special occasions.
[D] as a speculation.
这篇文章介绍了目前美国编剧罢工的一些情况。第一段讲述罢工可能带来的后果；第二段讲述罢工的编剧们所提出的要求；第三段讲述目前达成的协议；第四段讲述制片商可能会受到的损失；第五段讲述编剧可能会受到的损失。
词汇注释：
script n. 剧本tweak v. 调整
residual n. 电视片每次重映给演员[作者]的报酬
unionise v. 联合, 组合
难句突破：
(1)The writers are determined not to repeat the mistake they made in 1985, when they
listened to the studios' plea that home video was an unproven new market and agreed to a residual payment of 0.3%, which translates into about four cents for each sale of a DVD—or one-tenth of what DVD-box manufacturers get.
[主体句式] The writers are deter mined not to repeat…
[结构分析] 这是一个复合句。宾语the mistake
后面跟着一个定语从句，该从句中的时间状语in
1985后跟着一个以when引导的定语从句，该定语从句为一个并列结构，在该从句中a residual payment of 0.3%，后面跟着以which引导的非限定性定语从句。
[句子译文] 而编剧们决心这次不再犯他们1985年犯过的错误了，当时他们听信了制片商的借口，说家庭录像还是一个未知的新市场，于是最终同意收取0.3%的重映费，这相当于每卖出一张DVD他们只能得4美分，这是DVD制造商所得的1/10。
(2) Gary Goldman, a writer picketing outside Fox Studios who has worked on science-fiction thrillers such as “Minority Report”, says that many writers will spend their free time working on screenplays that they hope to sell to the studios on spec. [主体句式] Gary Goldman says that…
[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，主语带有一个同位语a
writer…，该同位语中有一个以who引导的定语从句修饰a
writer；在宾语从句中有一个以that引导的定语从句修饰screenplays。
[句子译文] Gary Goldman是在福克斯公司外工作的编剧，他曾经为科幻惊恐电影如“少数人报告”中工作过，他说许多编剧都会在业余时间里写电影剧本，他们希望可以碰碰运气看能否出售给制片商。
[答案]C
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析]
细节题。选项A，在第一段有这么一句，这次罢工不仅仅是为了美元，而且更重要的是为了一些原则。因此，A不正确。B，从全文可以看出，这次罢工主要是为编剧争取作品在网上使用时能有较高的回报，而不是电视上，因此该选项于文章不符；C，根据第四段，罢工只有延续几个月才能对制片商有一定影响，改选项符合题意。选项D,第一段最后一句提到，剧本还是需要编剧来做修改的，因此，该选项也不符合题意。正确答案为
C。
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析]
细节题。文章第二段提到，他们不会再犯1985年罢工的那次错误。那次罢工中，编剧听信了制片商的借口说家庭录像是个新市场，有待试验。最终他们同意只拿取很小的一部分利润。因此，这次错误的原因就在于他们听信了制片商的
借口，B最为符合题意。A显然与原文意思相反，C选项在原文中没有提及，而D选项显然与该题无关。
[答案] A
[难度分析] ☆☆☆
[分析]细节题。文章第三段提到他们就传统媒体节目报酬已经达成了最后的协议，而新的媒体节目报酬还没有达成。从文中其他的地方可以看出，所谓新的
为正确答案。
媒体就是指网络、手机等，传统的是电视节目，因此，选项A
[难度分析] ☆
[分析]猜词题。根据上下文意思，因为实景剧和动画片的编剧不会组织成工会，广播公司可以转向其他形式的节目，体育也可以填补空白。选项A最为切合。
[难度分析] ☆☆
[分析] 猜词题。这个题关键在于理解“on spec”这个词组的意思，该词组意思为“碰运气地，对盈利没有把握地”。再者，可以从文章来推理，现在编剧罢工，没有收入，只能利用业余时间编剧本撞撞运气。因此，答案为B选项。
参考译文：
洛杉矶、纽约成千上万的编剧不惜以他们的工资和职业作为赌注于这周举行了游行。他们希望自己作品在网上使用时，得到的报酬比好莱坞制片商愿意支付的更多一些。因为这次罢工事关原则问题，而不仅仅是金钱问题，因此可能会持续几个月。罢工的直接效应就是暂停了夜间的谈话节目，包括“David Letterman晚间谈话”和“Jay Leno夜间谈话”。如果之前那次的编剧罢工（1988年）有点示范作用的话，那么这些谈话节目得沉寂几个月才会重新回到屏幕、但却没有剧本，接下来肥皂剧会在一两周内恢复，之后几周内黄金时间剧作才会回归。有人认为电影行业是安全的，因为制片商有成堆的剧本。但是在紧要关头剧本总是需要编剧做些调整。
媒体公司认为市场竞争越来越激烈，而且因为许多原因变得更加扑朔迷离，比如因特网盗版和票房收入的下降。他们想要从给作者的电视片重映报酬中卡掉一些。而编剧们决心这次不再犯他们1985年犯过的错误了，当时他们听信了制片商的借口，说家庭录像还是一个未知的新市场，于是最终同意收取0.3%的重映费，这相当于每卖出一张DVD他们只能得4美分，这是DVD制造商所得的1/10。现在编剧希望如果在网上或移动电话上使用这些材料的话，可以支付2.5%的重映费。
制片商称因特网的传播和家庭录像是一样的，因此将执行原来的比率。如果相关内容放在网上免费给观众收看，那么他们不会向编剧支付任何费用，因为这些是靠广告支撑的，只是一种“宣传”。双方在传统媒体支付上都做出了最后的让步，但是由于新型媒体的权利对于编剧和制片商未来的收入都至关重要，因此双方都不肯做出妥协。
那么谁会损失最多？“对于制片商，这次罢工不会有什么影响，除非编剧可以离开三到五个月，” 一家媒体集团的首席执行官这样说。因为实景剧和动画片的编剧不会组织成工会，广播公司可以转向其他形式的节目，体育也可以填补空白。但是一家信贷评级机构Moody's认为如果罢工一直持续到2008年末的话，经济就会受到严峻冲击。广播网和付费频道损失最大，因为它们依赖的就是原稿节目的首轮放映。
当然有一些剧作家是很富有的。“跟我一起沿着警戒线走的是一些身价值百万的家伙们，”实景、游戏编剧Lou DiMaggio这样说，他曾因“赢掉本·斯坦的钱”而获得了艾美奖。但是他说大部分的编剧年薪为5万到7万五千美元。DiMaggio说他就是因为这次罢工打消了买房子的主意。而级别低的编剧可能得回到搁置名单中了。但是，好莱坞是幸运的，因为大多编剧都愿意响应他们的号召，不会推迟。Gary Goldman是在福克斯公司外工作的编剧，他曾经为科幻惊恐电影如“少数人报告”中工作过，他说许多编剧都会在业余时间里写电影剧本，他们希望可以碰碰运气看能否出售给制片商。
TEXT FOUR
Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.
“Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD's head of education research. Just as the OECD assesses primary and secondary education by testing randomly chosen groups of youngsters from each country in reading and mathematics, it will sample university students to see what they have learned. Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education. That may produce a fairer assessment than the two established rankings, though the British one does try to broaden its inquiry by taking opinions from academics and employers.
There is much to be said for the OECD's approach. Of course a Nobel laureate's view on where to study may be worth hearing, but dons may be so busy writing and researching that they spend little or no time teaching—a big weakness at America's famous universities. And changes in methodology can bring startling shifts. The
high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.
The OECD plan awaits approval from an education ministers' meeting in January. The first rankings are planned by 2010. They will be of interest not just as a guide for shoppers in the global market, but also as indicators of performance in domestic markets. They will help academics wondering whether to stay put or switch jobs, students choosing where to spend their time and money, and ambitious university bosses who want a sharper competitive edge for their institution.
The task the OECD has set itself is formidable. In many subjects, such as literature and history, the syllabus varies hugely from one country, and even one campus, to another. But OECD researchers think that problem can be overcome by concentrating on the transferable skills that employers value, such as critical thinking and analysis, and testing subject knowledge only in fields like economics and engineering, with a big common core.
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解 注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对 整理：凯程中传果酱老师 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】[B]for 【解析】此处考察介词的用法。it’s a necessary condition____many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。 2、【答案】[C]faith 【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition___for___many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand,putting your___in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C]faith。 3、【答案】[B]price 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand,it’s a necessary condition__for__many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your___in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”，本句应该在说信任不当的弊端，所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词，故A选项benefit和D选项hope排除，而C选项debt(债务)带入之后语义不当，故正确答案为[B]price(代价)。
2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheld on Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by
2018年考研英语（一）参考答案【凯程首发】 刚刚考完，凯程的电话瞬间变成了热线，学员兴奋地汇报他们的考试情况，提到了英语考试，都是在集训营训练的过的内容。凯程近1-2天发布真题解析视频，凯程艾老师预祝同学们考试顺利。 1.选C，for a condition for表对象，意思是“是…的条件” 2.选A，faith faith此处同义替换trust 3.选D,price carry a high price表示可能会付出很大的代价，线索为wrong place 4．选B，then 承上启下句，“那么，为什么要去信任他人呢？” 5.选D，when 并无转折，是简单的时间状语从句 6.选B，produces 与后面的trigger同意替换，产生愉悦的感觉 7.选C，connect 人之间的关系、联系用connect, 8.选D，to to表方向，暴露在这种荷尔蒙（作用）下 9.选B,mood in a mood固定搭配，心情心境 10.选A，counterparts 物主代词＋counterpart固定的搭配，表示相对应的人或物 11.选B，Lucky 从a six sense for dishonesty逻辑知道，11空为褒义词，12空也是褒义词 12.选B，protect 同11，且与主题，信任相关 13.选A,between
differentiate between在两者间区分，用between 14.选C，introduced 从后文tester would ask知道tester是人，实验人员，所以选“介绍” 15.选D,inside 同意替换上文look into the container 16.选A,discovered 同意替换found 17.选C，fooled 语义上来看，既然作出惊喜表情，盒子里面却空无一物，显然是“欺骗，wrong错怪，mock取笑，betray背叛都不合文义。此外下一段t出现了trick,是fool的同意替换18.选B,willing 没有被欺骗，所以“愿意”合作；willing与hesitant是唯一一组正反选项 19选A,in contrast, 作者要证明连小孩子都会用第六感来保护自己，所以最后的这个例子一定是第二组被欺骗的小孩子们的反应，语意上看，应该选in contrast，对比逻辑 20.选C,unreliable 由于欺骗了他们，所以实验人员是”不可信的”，此外unreliable与原文焦点相关。 阅读 21.选D，middle-class workers 简单细节定位题，并无同义替换。第二段But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice,software engineering—have aroused their interest,or soon will. 再次印证了but的重要性。 22.选C，Issues arising from automation need to be tackled 主旨题，文章以发现问题-解决问题的逻辑撰写，主旨在于应对人工智能带来的负面影响，让受影响的人做好充分准备。A，B，D中的groundless,little support和avoid都涉及极端表述，无依据。 23.选A，creative potential 简单定位题，第四段…focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication
2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about 32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.” Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.
2017考研英语一阅读答案 答案：21-25 ACDDC 21. 答案【A】explain American’s tolerance of current security checks. 解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之 前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全 检查。正确答案A的American’s tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项B 的urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围;选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰;选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。 22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers. 解析：本题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化，所以定位内容就 是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文 a rise in airline travel的同义替换。干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容;选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段;选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
英语二T e x t 1 1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 [A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对） [C] is not required for advanced courses（正反） [D] is gaining more preferences（正反） 2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的。但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。
2017年考研英语（二）真题与解析 作者：凯程陆老师，有问题找我 SectionI Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters. 1．[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring 【答案】[C]warning 2．[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work