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2017高考大题冲关秘笈高考英语短文改错:名校模拟 Word版含答案

【考纲解读】

高考短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。此题型不仅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的词汇和语法知识,还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它针对考生平时学习英语过程中,尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的,考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。

【试题特点】

一般来说,短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生文章或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短,约100词左右,10—12个句子;难度不大,基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见,通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看,历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主,兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法,句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题,错误类型有多词,缺词,和错词三种,比例一般为错词:多词:缺词=8(7):1(2):1

短文改错:近三年的对比分析

2014—2016年英语新课标全国I卷短文改错考向双向细目表

【备考启示】

(1)要学会分析句子结构,尤其是较复杂的句子,弄清词性与句子成分之间的关系,多从语法角度考虑语言运用的准确性,不要随便改变词义(行文逻辑错误除外),纠正错误要从同根词上考虑,如词性、词形变化等。

(2)把握语言运用的多样性,多从句意和语义方面考虑语言运用的正确与否。

(3)加强基础知识训练,正确把握常用词语的用法和搭配。

(4)严格按照题目指令规范答题,减少非智力因素造成的失误。

【高考预测】

根据上表可知,近三年新课标卷I短文改错的高频考点为名词单复数、连词、冠词、介词、形容词和副词、动词时态和代词。出题遵循的原则:"一删,一添,八改"。文章共8—10个句子。预计2017年高考短文改错还会延续此原则,从词法、句法、行文逻辑三个方面来出题,难度不高。

专题一错误类型:错词、多词、缺词

错词、多词和缺词三者的比例大致为:8: 1: 1。其中,错词主要针对实词,多词和缺词主要针对虚词。实词包括动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词;虚词包括冠词、介词、连词。

一、错词

1.冠词:固定搭配、序数词、最高级等。

2.名词:单复数、所有格等。

3.代词:(1)代词指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括数、格和性三方面的统一。

(2)连接代词、疑问代词、关系代词的误用等。

4.谓语动词:时态、语态、语气、情态动词、固定搭配、主谓一致等。

5.非谓语动词:现在分词与过去分词、不定式之间的用法区别,非谓语动词的时态语态误用等。

6.形容词、副词:(1)两种词性的混用。

(2)比较等级及修饰语的误用。

7.介词:固定搭配的误用。

8.连词:关联词的误用。包括并列连词(and, but, or, so, when)和从属连词(各种从句的引导词)

二、多词

1.冠词:名词前是否多了冠词。

2.谓语动词:及物动词后是否多了介词。

3.不定式:符号to是否应该省略掉。

4.形容词、副词:比较级构成是否重复。

5.介词:状语前、关系副词前、及物动词后是否多了介词。

6.连词:主从复合句中的because与so连用、although与but连用。

7.固定搭配:按照惯用法看,是否多词:如:(was)used to do

三、缺词

1.冠词:名词前是否缺冠词。

2.不及物动词:其后是否缺介词。

3.不定式:是否少了不该省的to。

4.动词:动词(如被动语态)、助动词、情态动词是否被遗漏。

5.固定搭配:按照惯用法,是否少词。

专题二实词错误规则

一、动词

关于动词,首先要根据句子的结构分清改用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要明确不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语形式,而究竟用哪种非谓语动词是由非谓语动词的句法功能决定的。

第一步:分析句子结构——做状语的非谓语动词——可以是分词,也可以是不定式;

第二步:表示目的——只能是不定式。

(一)谓语动词的常见错误类型

1. 时态语态错用;

2. and 前后动词形式不一致;

3. 第三人称单数形式错用;

4. 主谓不一致;

5. 易混动词的用法错误;

6. 缺少动词,特别是be动词;

7.主动语态和被动语态错用;

8. 动词的固定搭配错误等。

(二)非谓语动词的常见错误

1. 动词与非谓语动词混用;

2. 三类非谓语动词之间的混用;

3. 不定式符号to的有无;

4.并列结构连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);

5.介词后用了动词原形而不是动名词作宾语;

6.某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式作宾语,容易混淆。

二、名词

名词的常见错误主要是单复数及所有格的错误使用。

【解题方法】

1.区别名词的可数与不可数

2.根据名词前面的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断用单数还是复数

3.记住常考的一些不可数名词:advice, fun, progress, information, furniture, equipment…

三、代词

常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要注意它所指代的内容及在句中的作用,注意其"数"、"格"、"性"是否正确和前后是否一致。

数:I —we him —them

格:she —her my —mine

性:he —she him —her

四、形容词和副词

(一)形容词和副词的混用

1. 除了be之外,多数系动词后要用形容词作表语;

2. 词性的误用:形容词主要作定语修饰名词;副词主要做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。(二)形容词和名词等其他词类的混用。

(三)比较级最高级的误用以及一些固定搭配如as…as的误用。

五、固定搭配

固定搭配指与动词、形容词、副词等有关的短语、平时要多注意积累。

专题三破解虚词之错

一、冠词

1.误用a和an:根据单词的第一个因素来判定。

2.误用a 和the

3.多冠词或缺冠词

二、介词

主要考查介词在固定短语中的误用、多用或者漏用、这些短语包括介词与动词、形容词、名词等连用。

三、连词

为使文章结构严谨,在行文中要用到各种连词。在并列句中,我们要从上下文来判断句

与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系。在复合句中,应根据主从句之间的关系来判断连词的使用是否正确。

(一)并列连词的误用

主要涉及and, but, or, so等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格来说,这类错误主要是行文逻辑的错误。

(二)从句引导词的错误

主要涉及引导词的错用、误加与漏用,有时候将不是从句的成分吴认为是从句而误加引导词。这就需要考生弄清词性以及句子之间的关系。

另外,还要注意一些连词的固定用法:either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but 等,要注意它们的搭配。

专题四备考策略

一、把握"三""四""五",共十二个考点

三个必考点:1. 名词的单复数;2. 介词的误用、多用或少用;3. 动词时态不一致。

四个常考点:1. 连词的误用、多用或少用;2. 冠词的误用、多用或少用;3. 词语辨析;4. 词性误用。

五个考点:1. 代词;2. 非谓语动词;3. 情态动词;4. 主谓一致;5. 形容词的比较级和最高级。

二、考法

1. 8个改词1个添词1个删词,记住比例是:8:1:1;

2. 每句有0—2个错误;

3. 需要变形的词语通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词等;

4. 少词一般是添加冠词、介词、连词、不定式的to,以及物主代词;

5. 多词一般是删掉冠词、介词、助动词等。

【核心思路】根据考点找错误,又快又准高速度。

三、三个方面

1. 词法:介词、冠词、连词的多用,少用或误用,词性误用,非谓语动词,各类词缀,如否定前缀,名词、形容词、副词后缀;

2. 句法:主谓一致,时态一致,名词的单复数一致,代词的格和数一致;

3. 行文逻辑:并列句中两个简单句的关系,因果、转折、选择、并列关系等。

短文改错解题口诀

口诀一:

短文改错有妙计,完整一致看仔细。词法侧重冠名动,形副互换要留意。

分词出现多琢磨,主动被动加语气。全文一处多一词,一处少词关介词。

时态人称要统一,连词用法重逻辑。短文改错要做好, 常见类型应记牢。

口诀二:

名词爱考数与格,冠词在前"错、多、少";

动词时态和语态,非谓语搭配莫错了;

连代形副错一样,多是故意来混淆;介词多半考搭配,多漏误用想周到;

句法涉及到"一致",从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错,逻辑推理去寻找。

"811"排列是规律,回读复查敲定稿。

注 1. "一致"包括主谓一致,数、性、格等的一致。

2. 811常指:8处错误,1处多词,1处少词。

四、解题步骤

1 浏览全文,掌握大意

2 分句阅读,逐行找错

3 由易到难, 各个击破

4 检查核对,注意方法

具体解题步骤:

做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤:通读文章,了解大意;逐句分析,行中找错;再读短文,检查漏洞。即按照文章→句子→行→文章的顺序。

第一步:通读全文,了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力,必须从全篇考虑,而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局,弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中,要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。

第二步:逐句分析,行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的,但语言毕竟是以句子为完整意义单位的。所以,可以逐句分析,看看单句是否有错;如果有错,有几处错误,是什么错误,再看看错误在哪一行。把"短文改错"转化为"单句改错",然后再在行中找错,这样就会降低难度。

第三步:再读短文,检查漏洞。做完以后,再把文章阅读一遍,检查是否有遗漏情况,尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍,就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。

题组一(2016年高考真题)

Passage1(2016·新课标全国卷I)

My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.

【参考答案】 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that where

I live. Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people

even 错误!未找到引用源。had have

to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest

honesty 错误!未找到引用源。. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or

and 错误!未找

到引用源。 high quality oil are

using used

错误!未找到引用源。 for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams of 错误!未找到引用源。 becoming rich in the a 错误!未找到引用源。 short

period of time. Instead, he hopes that our

his

错误!未找到引用源。 business will grow

ste

stedy

dily

误!未找到引用源。.

【答案解析】

第一处:that→where。考查宾语从句。此处表达的是"靠近我所居住的地方",故需将that 改为where。where在此引导宾语从句,并在从句中作地点状语。

第二处:but去掉。考查连词。从属连词Though(虽然)不可与并列连词but(但是)一起使用,故需去掉but。

【归纳拓展】

在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用;连词because 不和so连用;此外,return不和back连用。

第三处:had→have。考查时态。整篇文章都是以现在时态写的,所以需将一般过去时改为一般现在时。

第四处:honest→honesty。考查名词。根据语境"我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键在于诚实"可知,此处该用名词形式作表语。

第五处:or→and。考查并列连词。根据语境可知,此处不是表示选择关系,而是表示"新鲜的蔬菜和优质的油",故把or改为and。

第六处:using→used。考查被动语态。fresh vegetables和high quality oil与use之间存在被动关系,故用被动语态。

第七处:becoming前加of。考查介词。dream of doing sth.是固定搭配,意为"梦想做某事"。第八处:the→a。考查冠词。此处表示泛指,故该用不定冠词a,in a short period of time意为"短期内"。

第九处:our→his。考查代词。由语境及主语he可知,此处指的是叔叔的生意,故将our改为his才合乎语境。

第十处:steady→steadily。考查副词。修饰动词grow该用副词,所以应用steady的副词形式steadily。

Passage2(2016·新课标全国卷II)

The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is

comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.

【参考答案】 The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about

how what 错误!未找到引用源。 to do during the holiday. We can 错误!未找到引用源。 chose choose

between staying at home and 错误!未找到引用源。take taking a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but and

there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about 错误!未找到引用源。the world. If we go on a trip abroad , we can broaden 错误!未找到引用源。your our

view and gain 错误!未找到引用源。 knowledges knowledge we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we 错误!未找到引用源。

can should 或can go to places of interest nearby. I 错误!未找到引用源。 thought think that it is a good idea. It does not cost many much

错误!未找到引用源。 , yet we can still learn a lot.

【答案解析】

第一处:how 改为what 。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,are talking about 后为宾语从句,

且从句中do 缺少宾语,故将how 改为what 。

第二处:chose 改为choose 。考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后接动词原形。

第三处:take 改为taking 。考查非谓语动词。因为and 连接两个并列的成分,且介词后接动

名词形式,所以将take 改为taking 。

第四处:but 改为and 。考查连词。前后句之间为并列关系,故将but 改为and 。

第五处:在world 前加the 。考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处表示特指,故应用定冠词the 。

第六处:your 改为our 。考查代词。因为句子的主语为"we ",故此处用our 。

第七处:knowledges 改为knowledge 。考查名词的数。knowledge 为不可数名词,只能用单数形式。

第八处:删除can 或将can 改为 should 。考查虚拟语气。suggest 意为"建议"时,其后的

宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should 可以省略。

第九处:thought改为think。考查动词的时态。全文的时态均以一般现在时为主,故此处应用一般现在时。

第十处:many改为much。考查代词。表示"钱"的多少时,要用much而不是many。【名师点睛】

高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高,就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查,而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。

一、词法改错

词法的测试包括:定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。

例如:本题中的

5.about后加the 考查定冠词

7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数

10.many改为much 考查代词

二、句法改错

句法的测试包括:主谓语在数上的一致性;名词性从句、定语从句和强调句;句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。

例如:

1.how改为what 考查特殊结构。

2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构

3.take改为taking 考查并列结构

8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气

三、语篇改错

语篇的测试包括:上下文的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词指代是否一致;上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。

4.but改为and 考查连词

6.your改为our 考查代词和逻辑关系

9.thought改为think 考查时态

Passage3(2016·新课标全国卷 III)

The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn ’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn ’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

【参考答案】

The teenage 错误!未找到引用源。year years

from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and 错误!未找到引用源。 worse worst

years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yoursef myself

错误!未找到引用源。. However, my parents didn’t seem to think 错误!未找到引用源。

such so . They always 错误!未找到引用源。 tell told

me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be 错误!未找到引用源。freely free

from them. I showed them I was independent by 错误!未找到引用源。wear wearing

strange clothes. Now I am leaving home 错误!未找到引用源。to for

college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever 错误!未找到引用源。

I

need help. 【答案解析】 第一处:year 改为years 。考查名词复数。13至19岁不止一年的年龄差,此处为复数概念,故用years 。

第二处:worse 改为worst 。考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的in my life ,同时应

与前面的best 保持一致。

第三处:删除the 。考查固定搭配。at first 表示"起初"。

第四处:yourself 改为myself 。考查反身代词的一致性。由前面的代词I 可知,此处应用myself 。

第五处:such改为so。考查固定搭配。由"I don’t think so."的固定表达可知,应将such 改为so。

第六处:tell改为told。考查语篇中时态的一致性。全文中心时态为一般过去时,故应将tell 改为told。

第七处:freely改为free。考查形容词的句法功能。系动词be后应为形容词作表语。

第八处:wear改为wearing。考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。

第九处:to改为for。考查固定搭配。leave...for...表示"离开某地去某地"。

第十处:whenever后加I。考查句子结构。whenever为时间状语从句连词,其在此引导的从句缺了主语,根据句意可知,此处应加主语I。

【名师点睛】

改错中动词、连词以及上下文语境也是出题者经常会考虑的出题知识点,其解题方法如下:1.动词错误的发现与解决

英语中有许多的短语动词,是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候,发现有动宾搭配的时候,应该考虑该动词是否是一个短语动词,并进而分析构成该短语动词的介词有无遗漏。对于短语动词的熟悉是一个长期积累的过程,需要随时总结与记忆。以下是考试中常见到的短语动词:

account for;add up to;back up;break down;break away from;bleak out;break up;break in;break off;bring about;bring up;bring out;bring down;build up;call off;call for;call on;carry out;check in;clear up;come off;come around;count on;cut down;cut off;do away with;dwell on;fall back on;fall out;get over;get out of;get at;give out;give up;give off;hang on;hold back;keep back from;keep up with;lay off;lay down;live up to;look into;look forward to;look over;make up;make out;pass away;put up with;role out;run out of;set about;take over;take up;take in;take off;turn up;turn out;work out 等。

还有一种常考的动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词,那么应该分析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。

2.连接词错误的发现与解决

例:However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.

本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的more我们就可以看出,下文的as是不恰当的,正确的答案应是比较连接词than。一般来说,比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than 的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的,我们一旦觉察到句子有比较的意思,就应考虑是否是as与than的用法混淆。

此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看2000年6月的第74题:Instead,this other person told us a story,it he said was quite well known.在这里,句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句,所以应将it改为which.非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现,应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是,凡是发现有复合句的分析对象,首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词,其次看连接词是否正确,尤其是which 与that的不同应用。

3.语言环境类错误的发现与解决

从历年的考题来看,语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单,那就是将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第54题就是属于语境错误。句意:我认为我什么都知道,可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定,根据主语I可知,应该用myself,故把yourself改为myself。

Passage4(2016·四川卷)

It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.

Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest. At dinner, we said to her, "Happy Mother’s Day!"Mom was grateful and moving.

【参考答案】

It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.

Mom has a full-time job, 错误!未找到引用源。 she has to do most of the 错误!未找到引用源。 . She is a great mother. Both Dad 错误!未找到引用源。 I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We 错误!未找到引用源。 up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in 错误!未找到引用源。 hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in 错误!未找到引用源。 kitchen.

The dishes what /错误!未找到引用源。 I cooked were Mom’s 错误!未找到引用源。 . At dinner, we said to her, "Happy Mother’s Day!"Mom was grateful and 错误!未找到引用源。 . 【答案解析】

第一处:so→but。母亲有一份全职工作,但是她还要做大部分的家务活。根据语境可知,前后分句间为转折关系,所以用连词but。

第二处:houseworks→housework。housework为不可数名词,没有复数形式。

第三处:or→and。both...and...是固定用法,故用and。

第四处:get→got。本文讲述的是在母亲节发生过的事,所以用一般过去时。

第五处:去掉on。go shopping"购物",是固定用法。go on doing sth. 意为"继续做某事",不符合语境。

第六处:her→his。此处指父亲,所以用物主代词his。

第七处:kitchen前加the。此处特指"我"家的厨房,故加the。

第八处:what→that/which或去掉what。根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为The dishes,关系词在从句中作动词cooked的宾语,所以用关系代词that/which引导,

关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可以省略。

第九处:favoritest→favorite。favorite作名词时,意为"特别喜爱的东西",该词作形容词时没有比较级和最高级。分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词favorite。

第十处:moving→moved。母亲既感激又感动。moved修饰人,moving修饰物,根据主语为Mom可知,要用moved。

【名师点睛】

表示情感的现在分词和过去分词

surprising令人惊讶的,surprised感到惊讶

frightening令人害怕的,frightened感到害怕

moving令人感动的,moved 感动

exciting 令人兴奋的,excited 感到兴奋

boring令人厌烦的,bored感到厌烦

annoying令人烦恼的,annoyed感到烦恼的

现在分词的主语通常指事物;过去分词的主语通常指人。比如第10小题moving→moved 句意:妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving改为moved。

Passage5(2016·浙江卷)

When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late. Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we ’d greet her at the door. He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. It was both excited and frightening to be up there! My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.

【参考答案】

When I was a very young 错误!未找到引用源。 , my father created a regular practice I remember well years 错误!未找到引用源。 . Every time he arrived home at the

错误!未找到引用源。 end of the day, we ’d greet 错误!未找到引用源。 at the door. He would ask who we

错误!未找到引用源。 and pretend not to 错误!未找到引用源。 us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. While they 错误!未找到引用源。 , my father would lift my sister and me up to sit 错误!未找

到引用源。 the top of the fridge. It was both 错误!未找到引用源。

and frightening to be up there! My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.

【答案解析】

第一处:children 改为child 。考查名词单复数。根据I 和a 可知,这里应用可数名词单数形式,故改为child 。

第二处:late 改为later 。根据语境可知,此处表示"很多年后",故改为later 。

第三处:end 前添加the 。考查冠词。此处at the end of 是固定词组,表示"在……的最后"。 第四处:her 改为him 。考查代词。根据上文的he 可知,此处应改为him 。

第五处:was 改为were 。考查主谓一致。根据we 可知,谓语动词应该用复数形式,故改为were 。

第六处:knowing 改为know 。考查动词。pretend (not) to do sth."假装(不)做某事",此处是

不定式,后面需要用动词原形,故改为know 。

第七处:去掉had 。考查动词。根据语境和下文的"would talk "可知,此处应该用would do 结构。

第八处:chat 改为chatted 。考查时态。根据本文的整体时态可知,应用一般过去时,故改为chatted 。

第九处:in改为on。考查介词。on the top of是固定词组,表示"在……的上面"。

第十处:excited改为exciting。考查形容词。根据语境和主语为It可知,此处表示"令人激动的",故用-ing形式的形容词。

【名师点睛】

高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高,就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查,而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。

这篇短文主要是一些词法错误,词法的测试包括:定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。

题组二(2015年高考真题)

Passage1(2015·新课标全国卷I)

When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are

green.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it. 【参考答案】

When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I 错误!未找到引用源。 I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in 错误!未找到引用源。 countryside. There the air is clean 错误!未找到引用源。 the mountains are green. Unfortunately, 错误!未找到引用源。 the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very 错误!未找到引用源。 problem. The 错误!未找到引用源。 we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 错误!未找到引用源。 rare animals are dying out. We must 错误!未找到引用源。 ways to protect 错误!未找到引用源。 environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.

【答案解析】

【语篇解读】作者是孩子的时候,梦想生活在城市。二作者现在生活在城市,却向往着家乡,因为那里更少的污染。

第一处:think→thought。前两句是回忆童年的事情,因此应用一般过去时,把think改为thought。

第二处:在countryside前加the。in the countryside "在农村",应在countryside前加上冠词the。

第三处:or→and。根据前后句之间为并列关系可知,此处应把or改为and。

第四处:on→with。随着工业化的发展,环境被污染了。这里表示伴随状况,因此把on改为with。

第五处:去掉been。很多研究表明:全球变暖是一个非常严重的问题。本句应用主动语态,因此去掉been。

第六处:seriously→serious。应用形容词serious修饰名词,因此把seriously改为serious。第七处:airs→air。air为不可数名词,因此把airs改为air。

第八处:Much→Many。Much修饰不可数名词,rare animals为复数形式,因此把Much改为Many。

第九处:found→find。在情态动词must 之后应用动词原形,因此把found改为find。

第十处:your→our或the。本句的主语为We,用了第一人称,因此把物主代词your 改为our,此处也可以改为the。

【名师点睛】

改错题整体难度适中,文章简单易懂。考点分布均匀,添、删、改比例为1:1:8。重点考查时态、名词的单复数、冠词、连词、副词以及介词的搭配等。考生解此类题型时一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则,即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思,包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正,且要小改而不大改。

Passage2(2015·新课标全国卷II)

One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.

Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said, "How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried."Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

【参考答案】

One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his 错误!未找到引用源。. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy 错误!未找到引用源。 a shop window. He liked it so v ery much that he quickly walked into the shop. After 错误!未找到引用源。 at the toy for some time, he turned around and found 错误!未找到引用源。his parents were missing. Tony was scared and 错误!未找到引用源。 to cry. A woman saw him crying and 错误!未找到引用源。 him to wait outside 错误!未找到引用源。 shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw 错误!未找到引用源。 parents. Mom said, "How nice to see you again! Dad and I were 错误!未找到引用源。 worried."Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

【答案解析】

【语篇解读】本文讲述了小男孩Tony和父母上街购物,街上人多,Tony没有告诉父母就独自进了一家商店,结果和父母走散,后来在街上又得以相见的故事。

第一处:parent→parents。结合下文的"his parents were missing"可知托尼是和爸爸妈妈一起去购物的,因此应用复数形式parents。

第二处:on→in。结合生活常识可知,这里表示在商店橱窗里摆放着一个玩具,故应用in。第三处:去掉very。这里so...that...引导结果状语从句,表示"如此……以至于……",因此very应去掉。

第四处:looks→looking。结合语境这里应用动名词作介词After的宾语,故应把looks改为looking。

第五处:where→that或者去掉where。本句中连词that引导的从句充当动词found的宾语,that不作句子成分只起连接作用,同时宾语从句又可以省略掉连词that。

第六处:begun→began。这里是对过去发生的事情的客观叙述,应用一般过去时,故应把begun改为began。

第七处:telling→told。此处and连接的两个先后发生的动作在时态上应保持一致,故应把telling改为told。

第八处:a→the。结合语境可知,同一名词第二次提到应表示特指,故应把shop前的a改为the。

第九处:parents前加his。结合语境可知,这里parents并不是表示泛指而是指托尼的爸爸妈妈,故应在parents前加his。

第十处:terrible→terribly。修饰形容词应用副词,故用terribly。

【名师点睛】

通过短短的100多个词,使考生能正确运用各类词和固定搭配,如动词、名词、副词、代词和连词,辨别并改正错误。总的说来,本题都是学生平时书面表达中常见的错误。多读多练习就能找出问题所在,也能对写作有帮助。

Passage3(2015·四川卷)

Hi, Janice,

It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.

As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time-wasting activity! In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to him?

Please help with me and give me some advice.

Grace

【参考答案】

Hi, Janice,

It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want 错误!未找到引用源。 share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.

As I 错误!未找到引用源。 you last time, I made three new 错误!未找到引用源。 here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We’ve been spending a lot of time 错误!未找到引用源。 in karaoke bars. It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me 错误!未找到引用源。. And I started to see this as a time-wasting activity! In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, 错误!未找到引用源。 I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. 错误!未找到引用源。 do you think I should do? If you 错误!未找到引用源。 me, would you talk to 错误!未找到引用源。?

Please help with me and give me some advice.

Grace

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