翻译讲解和上海历翻译真题
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翻译评分标准：
1．第1题3分，第2—4题，每题4分；第5题5分。
2．在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。
3．语法错误每处扣1分。每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。
4．译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。
高考英语翻译技巧“四步法”
翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。要在翻译题中拿到高分，除了扎实的语言基本功外，还要在平时的练习中训练一套翻译四步法，以确保准确率。
下面我们以2006年高考中的一句中译英“我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。(satisfaction)”(下文以“06例句”来指代)为例，来演示这“四步法”。
第一步：一读中文，理清结构，搭好总体框架
中文必须仔细读，尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用合适的连接词（或者介词短语，非谓语动词等）把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。在06例句中，我们就可以读出“我向她请教”是时间状语从句，为了呼应之后的“总是”，我们可选择“每当”(every time)来充当连词。在后面的主句中，“有求必应”与“解释”之间的关系是并列的，需要一个连词来连接这两个动词，即可以对应“而且”运用“not only……but also……”的结构，也可以简化为一个连词“and”。
第二步：结合中文，决定关键词的位置和用法
重视所给关键词，对其所考查的各类词的用法或特殊句型，如倒装句、It句型和There be 句型等，可以先有一个大致的预测。在此基础上，回到原文，“对症下药”，保证它与原文的契合度。同时，也要绝对忠于所给词的词性及大小写。在06例句中，结合“令我十分满意”，联想到以往常用的to my surprise/excitement,所给关键词可应用为to my full satisfaction.
第三步：二读中文，确定动词时态及语态
除了所给关键词外，句中的动词也应关注。如果句中有两个或两个以上的动词，那么除了一个做主句谓语外，剩下的不是做并列句或复合句中的谓语，就是做非谓语。对于作谓语的动词，时态往往是最容易忽视的。因此，第三步是明确动词的时态及其用法。同时，也建议学生们在平时翻译训练中，除了动词外，还可根据意群将一些涉及到词的用法、词组及成语的短语，先确定下来，然后再进行整句翻译，以确保准确率。
此外，中译英所要求的绝不是字字对应的翻译。在没有现成的固定表达可用的情况下，要化繁为简，将已有语言知识作为基础，合理地转换中文，运用知识迁移进行翻译。06例句中，我们首先根据中文知道它所叙述的是客观事实，因此确定用一般现在时。在翻译“向她请教”时，根据我们已知的词组“向某人求助”turn to sb.for help或ask sb.for help，将求“助”转换为求“建议”，译为turn to her for advice或askher for advice。至于成语“有求必应”，先要转换为“乐于助人”，即be ready to help。
第四步：整句翻译，对照中文，防止遗漏
翻译讲究的是“信、达、雅”，学生们首先要做到的是“信”，忠于原文。然而，学生在翻译时往往会出现“偷工减料”的现象，所以，第四步就是在翻译时，对照中文，切勿遗漏信息，遗漏标点。这需要考生在翻译时对句子的细节有精准的把握，翻译完后再对照一下中英文意思，看有没有遗漏重要信息。
06例句最终可以翻译为：Every time I ask her for advice,she is always ready to help and explains to my full satisfaction.学生们要注意“总是”、“十分”这类词不要遗漏。
如何备考
一、对于基本词汇和词组的掌握一定要扎实。
高考翻译考查的其实主要还是基本的词汇和词组的应用，凡是在翻译方面失分多的考生往往都是因为基本的词汇、词组掌握不牢，或者语法功底不够扎实。有些同学可能在背词汇和词组方面也花了很多功夫，但是在翻译或者写作的时候却依然不会用一些词组或者词汇以及句型等。这可能就跟英语学习的方法有关系了。
学生可以通过背例文、例句以及自己仿写的方式来积累词汇、词组、句式等。这不但对于高考写作和翻译至关重要，对于搞定词汇语法题目、阅读等也很有意义。很多同学对于部分倒装的句子的语序掌握不牢固，例如2006年中一个容易失分的翻译，即“这小孩子太调皮,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱(So)”（So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.）。
二、学生要准确无误地用英语将中文句子的意思完全表达出来，还要掌握最基本的句子结
构和各种基本句型。
Ⅰ简单句
结构例句
主语+不及物动词Money talks.
有钱能使鬼推磨。
主语+及物动词+宾语Every cloud has a silver lining.
乌云之后总有阳光。
主语+系动词+表语Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语You tell me the truth..
别拐弯抹角。
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Adversity makes a man wise.
逆境使人聪明。
Ⅱ并列句
结构例句
简单句+并列连词+简单句 A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance
is just as bad.知识浅薄是危险的，无知同样糟糕。
简单句+并列连词+副词+简单句He lied to the company and therefore he was removed from
the position.
他向公司撒了谎，因此他被解雇了。
简单句+并列副词+简单句You must redouble your efforts, or you’ll lag behind.
你必须加倍努力，否则你就要落后了。
III.复合句
定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句
Ⅳ It引导的句子
结构例句
It is +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth. It is very necessary for a university student to study
one or two foreign languages well.
It is no use/good doing sth. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It is +被强调的部分+that/who/whom It was last Sunday that we went to the Shanghai Grand
Theatre.
V.【Attention】
a. It is +adj.+for/of s
b. To do sth.这一句型非常重要，应用十分广泛，所以要特别注意for和of的用法。
① of sb.的句型一般用表示感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful等。
e.g. It is very kind of you to help me so.
② for sb.的句型一般用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, interesting等。
e.g. It is impossible for me to work out the difficult problem in such a short time.
b.it的强调结构可以用来强调时间状语和原因状语从句，不能强调让步状语从句或since , as 引导的原因状语从句。而且强调句型也可以用于特殊疑问句。
e.g. It was because the weather was too bad that we failed to get into touch with them.
When was it that you got a doctor’s degree? Master/ bachelor
V. 倒装句型。
三、.要做好“中译英”这一类型，学生除了需要掌握最基本的英语句子结构和各种基本句型，还得注意动词的正确用法，因为动词是句子的核心和灵魂。动词涉及到时态、语态、语气、主谓一致，有谓语与非谓语、及物与不及物、延续性与短暂性，陈述与虚拟之分。翻译时，要注意这些中文里少有的或根本没有的语言特征，并灵活运用。例如：
e.g. Over eight percent of the population of our country are(这里一般不用is)peasants.
The population of China is (这里一般不用are)over 1,300,000,000.
四、细做真题与模拟题。
对于做真题和模拟题的方法:
（1）做
（2）对答案
（3）找出自己的出错点以及题目的考点。所谓找考点就是找出这个句子考查的重点以及能作为一般规律应用到今后做翻译题中的地方。例如做08年第三题就总结出了it is…for sb to do…这个用法，做08年第4题就可以总结出如何翻译无主语句子。
（4）针对出错点和考点，自己造句子
五、掌握一定的翻译技巧。上海历届高考翻译真题
2011年
1.你为什么不网上订票？（why）
2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake)
3.对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)
4.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们联系了。(No longer)
5.如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever)
2010年
1.这本杂志花了我20多元。（cost）
2.雨天我总是比平时起得晚。（than）
3.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)
4.乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。（there be）
5.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）
2009春1.早睡早起有益于健康（do good to）
2.乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗？（offer）
3.就我所知，在那座小城市里购物很方便。(as far as)
4.他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret）
5.到目前为止，我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三千五百个。(add up to)
6.学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱才是真朋友。（realize）
2009夏1. 网球运动在上海越来越流行了。（popular）
2. 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as）
3. 只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep）
4. 为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。（memory）
5. 过了三天她才想起把雨衣忘在语言实验室了。（remember）
6. 尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。（despite）
2008春1.你擦一下窗好吗？（mind ）
2.有困难请向警察求助。（turn to ）
3.他一到上海就和我们取得了联系。（contact ）
4.演出还没有结束，孩子们就睡着了。(before )
5.导演得知自己的影片获奖，感到无比自豪。（award ）
6.这些十八世纪的油画保存昨这样好，使参观者大为惊叹。（so …that ）
2008夏
1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。(time)
2. 他设法把游客及时送到了机场。(manage)
3. 你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible)
4. 应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)
5. 我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)
6. 尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 2007春
1.前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order)
2.因为大雨,校运会将不得不推迟。(put off)
3.为了您的家庭幸福,务必遵守交能规则。(Do...)
4.据报道这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It...)
5.和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多关于花卉的知识。(enable)
6.遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此的埋怨,而是相互帮助。(not...but)
2007夏
1.他们的新房子离学校很远。（far）
2.不在房间的时候别让灯开着。（when）
3.我忘了提醒他面试的时间。（remind）
4.各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。（add to）
5.无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。（no matter…）
6.医生挨家挨户上门巡坊，省去了许多老年人去医院的麻烦。（save）
2006春
1.昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong)
2.为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To…)
3.躺在草地上听音乐真是惬意。(It…)
4.物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail)
5.是否在黄埔江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。(agree)
6.我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。(satisfaction)
2006夏
1. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。(believe)
2. 一本书是否畅销取决于诸多因素。(Whether. . . )
3. 我不需要买新车, 我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)
4. 这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)
5. 外出旅游时务必注意保护环境，为他人着想。(sure)
6. 这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …)
2005春1.我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式。(look forward to)
2.多参加些体育锻炼，你就不那么容易感冒了。(1f…)
3.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why)
4.直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(not...until...)
5. 虽然她孤身—人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer)
2005夏1我希望尽快收到你的照片.(hope)
2. 多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康.(good)
3. 今天下午我没空,我和牙医有约.(appointment)
4. 你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式,不然就要迟到了.(or)
5. 这款手机式样新颖,携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎.(popular)
6. 他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务,同事们对他刮目相看.(so) 2004夏1.小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help)
2.上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。(miss)
3.这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too….to)
4.你该说刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)
5.我发现很难与那些一贯固执已见的人合作。(…it…)
2003夏1.请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or）
2.那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（It…）
3.勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。（infect）
4.这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。（remote）
5.这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that）2002春1.我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。（make）
2.保护环境是每个公民的职责。（It…）
3.这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。（realize）
4.不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put off )
5.许多外国游客都想去长城一游，他们知道“不到长城非好汉”。（visit）
2002夏1.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice）
2.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur）
3.如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。（convenient）
4.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply）
5.如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。（unless）2001夏1.我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。( Never …)
2.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。(before)
3.据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗址。(discover)
4.这个地区的经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality)
5.他们应从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。(burn)
2000春1. 进入大学以后, 他对计算机很感兴。(become interested in)
2. 集邮几乎占据了他所有业余时间。(occupy)
3. 只要专心学习, 你一定能顺利通过考试。(concentrate)
4. 越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware)
5. 尽管有很多困难, 我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of)
6. 诺贝尔奖金授予那些在某一个领域作出巨大贡献的科学家。(be awarded) 2000夏1.让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游。（take advantage of ）
2.这张照片合我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。（remind）
3.假如你想从事这项工作，你必须先接受三个月的训练。（take up ）
4.你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。（once）
5.同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。（compare）
6.众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。（without）
2010年1. This magazine cost me over twenty yuan.
2. I always get up later than usual in rainy days.
3. Seeing Grandmother was sleepy, he drew the curtain together and turned down the TV.
4. There's nothing special about this watch at first sight, but actually it is a mobile phone.
5. We agreed that once the research conclusion was made, it would be made public as soon as possible.
2009春1. Going to bed early and getting up early does good to your health.
2. Do you have the habit of offering your seat to the old on the bus?
3. As far as I know, it is convenient to do shopping in that small city.
4. He regretted missing the chance of getting the scholarship.
5. The English words we have learned so far add up to about 3500.
6. The students have come to realize that friendship is more important than money and that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
2009夏1. Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai.
2. I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs.
3. Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night.
4. A film will be made/shot in memory of these brave fire fighters.
5. It was three days later that she remembered leaving /having left her raincoat in the language lad.
6. Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue.
2008春1.Do you mind /Would you mind cleaning the window?
2.(Please )Turn to the police for help when (you are )in trouble.
3.He contacted us as soon as he arrived in Shanghai .
4.The children had fallen asleep/gone to sleep before the performance ended/was over .
5.Learning that he was awarded /won an award for his film ,the director felt very proud of himself/was full of pride .
6.These eighteenth–century oil paintings have been/are preserved so well that the visitors are greatly amazed/impressed.
2008夏1. It is time for us to play basketball.
2. He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.
3. Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?
4. Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points.
5. Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind.
6. Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we don't lose heart.
2007春1.The day before yesterday we ordered twenty washing machines.
2.Beacuse of the heavy rain, the school sports meeting will be put off.
3.For the happiness of your family, Do obey traffic rules.
4.It is reported that wild plants contain rich Vitamins.
5.Working with gardeners enables us to learn a lot of knowledge about flowers.
6.In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other.
2007夏1.Their new house is far from the school.
2.Don’t leave the light on when you are not in the room.
3.I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.
4.Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.
5.No matter how hard the rain falls and the wind blows, the police keep to their posts.
6.Doctors’ door-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.
2006春1.There was something wrong with my computer yesterday.
2.To keep fit, we often take part in physical exercises.
3.It is pleasant lying on the grass and enjoying the music.
4.In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about.
5.The members of the committee / The committee can not agree on whether to build another bridge over / across the Huangpu River.
6.Every time I ask her for advice, she is always ready to help, and explains to my full satisfaction. 2006夏1. We believe that peasants'/farmers’ life will be/be getting better and better.
2. Whether a book sells well depends on many/various factors.
3. I don't need to/needn’t buy a new car as my old one is still in good condition.
4. The dishes are well cooked here and free cakes are provided.
5. Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and be considerate/think of others if/when/while traveling/doing traveling.
6. So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.
2005春1. We are looking forward to attending /taking part in next week's opening ceremony of the art festival /the opening ceremony of the art festival to be held next week.
2. If you take / have more physical exercise(s), you will not catch / are not likely to catch a cold easily.
3. The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.
4. He didn't realize the importance of observing / following / keeping / carrying out the traffic regulations/rules until he was sent into the operating room.
5. Although she lives (alone) with no relatives or friends, all the / her neighbours offer her a helping hand / offer to help her.
2005夏1. I hope (that) I can/ will receive your photo(s) as soon as possible./I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.
2. Eating/Having more vegetables and fruit(s) does good to / is good for one’s health.
3. I’m not free/ available this afternoon because I have/ have made an appointment with my dentist.
4. You’d better go to the opening ceremony of the Film Festival by taxi, or you’ll be late.
5. The mobile phone is fashionable/modern in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young/ young people/ youngsters.
6. He finished a difficult task on his own/independently soon/ shortly after he entered the company, so his colleagues looked at him differently/ with new eyes/regarded him in a totally different light. 2004夏1.Group discussion helps (to) understand the text better.
2.Because of illness/Being sick last week, I missed some lessons, but I will try to catch up with others.
3.The rules of the game are too complicated to explain/be explained in a few words.
4.You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.
07年6月 87. The finding of this study failed to _____________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我们可以合作的领域) . 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete__________________(决定退出比赛). 90.To make donations or for more information, please ________(按以下地址和我们联系). 91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________(如果你方便的话). 答案： 87. take people’s sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration 88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate 89. decided to quit the match 90. contact us at the following address 91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you 07年12月 87 __________(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88 In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________(我比以前更容易累了). 89 I am going to pursue this course, _____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ____________(它更方便和省时). 91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 答案： 87. Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions 88. I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before 89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay) 90. the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time) 91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow 08年6月 87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research______ .(能应用于新技术的开发) 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ____________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system. 89. Leaving one’s job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 90.________________________,(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.______(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill 答案
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Informati on Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this ph enomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for s tudents should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a nee d, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Inf ormation Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coff ee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discove red by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease . During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drin king spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it s pread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chine se tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或
翻译大纲样题： 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。Chinese New Year, known as Spring Festival in China, is the most important one among all traditional Chinese festival.新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始 一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。New Year celebrations start on Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month in Chinese lunar calendar, and last to the Lantern Festival, the 15th day of the first month (of the next year).各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from
place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.为驱厄运、迎 好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们 还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、发财 和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红 包和探访亲友等。People also stick the red couplets on the door which topics are health, wealth, and fortune, and do other activities such as setting off firework, sending red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends. 首先，这段关于中国春节的小文章 难词较多，比如“传统”、“庆祝活动”、“除夕”、“延续”、“习俗”、“年夜饭”、“厄运”、“大扫除”“主题”、“放鞭炮”、“发红包”等等， 这些词有的比较抽象，有的不太常见， 或者有的是中国特有的说法，英文中没
2 015年6月13日全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案 大米 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多数种植水稻，人们通常以大米为食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 In the mind of Westerners,Chinese people have the closest connection to rice,basic food for the Chinese.For a long time,rice occupies a very important position in the Chinese diet.There is even a saying that "even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice".People in south China plant and live on rice,while people in the most parts of North China cannot plant rice due to excessively dry and cold weather. The main crop there is wheat. In China, some people use flour to bake bread,while most people make steamed bread and noodles with flour. xx 中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到20年建成的一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。 快递 据报道，今年中国快递服务（courier service）将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了。
2013年12月： 段落翻译： 试卷一：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡？"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（the qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结
英语四级翻译模拟试题及解析 英语四级翻译模拟试题及解析 孙武是春秋末期(thelateSpringandAutumnPeriod)杰出的军事家(strategist)。他所著的《孙子兵法》(SunZi'sArtofWar)是中国古 代最著名的兵书，也是世界上现存最早的兵书。《孙子兵法》现存 13篇，共6000字。在这不长的篇幅中，孙武全面论述了自己对战 争的看法，提出了诸如知彼知己、集中优势兵力打败敌人等许多作 战思想。《孙子兵法》已被译为多种文字，在世界上也享有很高的 声誉。 参考译文： SunWuwasanoutstandingstrategistinthelateSpringandAutumnP eriod.Hiswork,SunZi'sArtofWar,wasthemostfamousworkofmilitar yscienceinancientChina,alsotheearliestoneexistingintheworld .SunZi'sArtofWarconsistsof13characters.Inthislimitedspace,S unWuelaboratedhiswide- rangingviewsonwar.Heputforwardmanymilitaryphilosophies,such asknowingyourselfandknowingyourenemy,andconcentratingsuperi orforcetothoroughlydefeattheenemy.SunZi'sArtofWarhasbeentra nslatedintomanydifferentlanguagesandenjoysahighinternationa lreputation. 题目解析： 1.在第2句中，两个并列的谓语部分较长，因此定语“他所著的”不宜再后置，而采用“减词”译法把“所著”省略，用hiswork也 能表达原意。翻译“是……，也是……”结构时，可以承前省略第 2个系动词be，将“也是......”的内容作为同位语，使句子更简 洁明了。
2013 年12 月： 段落翻译：试卷二：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nUtntion)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以屮餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】MOSt PeOPIe Iike Chinese food. InChina, COOking is ConSidered as not only a Skill but also an art. The WelI-PrePared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. AlthOUgh COOking methods and food ingredient Vary WiIdly in different PIaCeS Of China, it is COmmOn for good CUiSine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. SinCe food is CrUCial to health, a good Chef is inSiStentIy trying to Seek balance between Cereal) meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as WeIl as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(InfOrmatiOn Technology),正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚 至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统 的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好 【番羽译答案】AS China CitiZens attaching great importance to the rapidly development Of Infor^mation TeChnoIOgy J SOme COIIege even Set it as a COmPUlSOry course. RegarCling to this PhenOmenon, PeOPle holding Clifferent views. SOme PeOPIe think it is not necessary, for StUdentS ShOUId Iearrl the traditiOnal curriculum. AnOther Part Of PeOPle think it is a need, because China ShOUld keep PaCe With the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that InfOrmatiOn TeChnoIOgy aroused PUbliC COnCer n. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清( the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在 六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料( beverage)之二，茶是中国的 瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【番羽译答案】"Would you Iike tea Or coffee?" Thaf S a question PeOPle Often asked When having meal. MOSt WeSternerS Will ChOOSe coffee, While the Chinese WOUId Iike to ChOOSe tea. ACCOrding to Iegend, tea WaS CIiSCOVered by a ChineSe emperor five thousand years ago, and then WaS USed to CUre disease. DUring the Ming and Qingdynasties, tea houses Were all OVer the country. Tea drinking SPreacl to JaPan in the 6th century, but it WaS not Until the 18th CentUry does it SPread to EUrOPe and AmeriCa. NOWadayS) tea is One Of the most POPUlar beverage in the WOrlcI, and it is not only the treasure Of China but also an important Part Of Chinese traditiOnand culture.
真题精讲之英语四级翻译满分冲刺策略 2015年12月英语四级已经进入最后倒计时的紧张阶段，文都网校的广大童鞋们，临时抱佛脚也是需要技巧的哦，大学英语四级满分冲刺策略，赶快get！ 1. 增译法 在使用增译法时，需要注意以下原则：符合上下文的需要;符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习俗;符合英美人的思维方式。具体请看下面的例子： 例1.【试题原句】中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。(2015年6月四级真题) 【思路分析】SVO=中国+给(在线零售商)+机会;“以极具竞争力的价格”为方式状语，可译为“at a highly competitive price”，“销售商品的”为定语，修饰“机会”。 【参考译文】China provides millions of online retailers with an opportunity to sell their goods at a very competitive price. 【技巧探秘】本句的主干部分为“中国给……零售商……机会”，为了便于理解，可以进一步将原句理解为“中国给数百万在线零售商(提供了)以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会”，这种情况下，主干为“中国给……零售商(提供)……机会”，此时就可以考虑使用“provide sb with sth…”的结构译出。此外，该句还根据语义将“销售商品”补充为“销售(他们的)商品”，译为“their products”，再次强调“商品”的所有者为前面提到的“在线零售商”。 例2.【试题原句】随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引，有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。(2014年12月四级真题) 【思路分析】“随着旅行多了”作伴随状语，将其译作“with more travel”，置于句首。因其余分句的内容均独立完整，故可将其分译成三句。“年轻人……的时间少了，他们反而更为……所吸引”，两句间表对比，可用 instead连接。另外，也可以将这两句简化为“年轻人更加喜欢偏远的地方，而不是大城市和著名景点”，将其处理为“…do …, rather tha n …更喜欢……而不是……”。处理最后一个分句时，注意“甚至”表示递进，可将其译作“furthermore”，或者“even”均可。若将主语“有些人”逐字译作“some people”，则稍显笼统，可依上文，具体译作“some young tourists”。 【参考译文】With more travel experience, youngsters tend to spend more time in remote areas，rather than big cities and famous resorts. Furthermore, some young tourists would choose backpacking.
英语四级历年真题汉译英讲解 第一题（外国直接投资）： 商务部(Ministry of Commerce)最近发布的数据表明，在中国的外国直接投资(foreign Direct Investment,FDI)保持稳定增长。中国已经成为外国直接投资首选地。中央政府采取了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施，这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心。商务部正在研究措施，进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境。世界银行(World Bank)也高度评价中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的成就。 表达难点： 1.第1句中的定语“商务部最近发布的”较长，故将其处理后置定语，用分词短语 recently released by theMinistry of Commerce 来表达。 2.第3句中的“这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心”，可用 which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达，which指代前面“中央政府采用了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施”这一做法。“既……又……”在英语中的对等结构为both...and，其中both可省略。 3.第4句中的“进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境” 为表并列的两个目的，可将其译作两个不定式短语作状语 “to further improve... and (to) create...”，用and连接时后一个不定式的to可以省略。“外商投资管理机制”的中心词为管理机制 management mechanism，翻译时可在其后采用“of+名词”的形式构成名词所有格，对其进行补充说明，表示“……的”。 4.最后一句中的定语“中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的”用in引导的介词短语 in attracting Foreign DirectInvestment来表示在哪个方面所取得的成就。 而“中国”则作为形容词置于“成就”前面，这样比较符合英语的表达习惯。 资所取得的成就。 参考译文 The statistics recently released by the Ministry of Commerce showe d that Foreign DirectInvestment in China maintained steady growth . China has become the top destination for FDI.The central govern ment adopted a series of supportive measures to facilitate foreigni nvestment, which strengthened economic growth and won the co nfidence of investors athome and abroad. The Ministry of Commerc e is working on measures to further improve themanagement mech anism of foreign investment and create a transparent and fair co mpetitionenvironment. The World Bank also spoke highly of Chin a's achievements in attracting ForeignDirect Investment. 第二题（孙子兵法）： 孙武是春秋末期(the late Spring and Autumn Period)杰出的军事家（strategist）。他所著的《孙子兵法》(Sun Zi's Art of War)是中国古代最著名的兵书，也是世界上现存最早的兵书。《孙子兵法》现存13篇，共6000字。在这不长的篇幅中，孙武全面论述了自己对战争的看法，提出了诸如知彼知己、集中优势兵力打败敌人等许多作战思想。《孙子兵法》已被译为多种文字，在世界上也享有很高的声誉。 表达难点：
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历年英语四级翻译真题及答案2012年6月翻译真题 87. Those flowers looked as if they __ ___________________________(好长时间没有浇水了). 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is __________________________(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might ______________________(不妨听听音乐). 90. He left his office in a hurry, with___________________________(灯亮着门开着). 91. The famous novel is said to _____________________(已经被翻译成多种语言). 2011年12月翻译真题 87. Charity groups organized various activities to ___________________________________(为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件) otherwise, she would have replied. 89. It’s my mother _____________________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies.
87.The substance does not dissolve in water ________________(不管是否加热)。 88.Not only _______________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 89. Y our losses in trade this year are nothing ____________________(与我的相比)。 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely____________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 参考答案： 87. whether (it is) heated or not 测试点：whether引导让步状语从句；类似no matter (how/what/who/where)从句 88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me 测试点：Not only…but also 用法（倒装）；类似as, neither… nor, not until 等易产倒装结构 89. compared with mine 或in comparison with mine 测试点：固定短语搭配be compared with/ in comparison with 90. half as much(money) 测试点：结构as much/many as扩展用法；类似比较级、最高级、同级比较用法。倍数的表达“A+谓语+倍数+as+计量形容词原形+as+B, “一半”用half 表示” 91. to attribute/ascribe their children’s success to 测试点：固定短语be (more) likely to (该短语考了不下三次)；类似it is likely that…及与possible，probable区别。 06.6 87 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ______(找到去历史博物馆的路). 88 __________(为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89 The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。 90 The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂). 91 Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. 参考答案 87. finding the way to the history museum 测试点：固定短语搭配have (no) trouble (in) doing sth. 88. In order to support my university studies (或：to finance my education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees) 测试点：表示目的短语+特殊表达。 89. we(should) hand in our/the research report(s) 测试点：虚拟语气（命令要求类动词）+“上交”表达。 90. the more confused I am 测试点：特殊句型the more… the more +“糊涂”的准确表达 91. he was fired by the company 测试点：主从句判断+“解雇”表达 06.12 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to___(适应不同文化中的生活) 88. Since my childhood I have found that ___________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) 89. The victim___________ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
历年四级段落型翻译真题 Roger Li 2014 年6 月大学英语四级翻译 试卷一：中餐许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition) 。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 译文： Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is viewed as not only a skill but also a form of art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 信息技术(Information Technology) ，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。译文： As Chinese citizens are attaching increasing importance to the rapidly developing Information Technology, some colleges even set it as a compulsory course. In regard to this, people hold different opinions. Some people view it as unnecessary move, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Other thinks it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology arouses public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 " 你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties) 期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18 世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。译文： "Would you like tea or coffee?" That 's a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners would choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里