专题三名词、冠词、代词和数词
综合演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018山东德州夏津一中高三第一次月考)
Woodblock paintings(木版画)are often hung at homes during the Chinese Lunar New Year.
For many Chinese, the bright-colored paintings are quite time-limited. As soon as the festival comes to an end, these print works will be at once thrown away.1, these short-lived New Year paintings require a year of hard work by the artists, many of 2 have devoted their entire life to this traditional folk art.
Yang Luoshu, a 92-year-old man from Weifang City, Shandong Province, is3 those who have had a great love of the art. Yang has worked as 4 craftsman for 77 years, and has kept improving his carving skills with every piece of work.
Yangjiabu New Year woodblock paintings, which Yang has fallen in love with, 5(appear) in the Ming Dynasty. As a national cultural heritage, it is now one of China's three 6(representative) of traditional folk paintings for the New Year, together with Tianjin's Yangliuqing and Suzhou's Taohuawu.
7(run) a centuries-old folk art family workshop named Tongshunde, Yang has carved all kinds of images, including flowers, birds, mountains, rivers and traditional Chinese gods. But he realized that something must be changed 8 (make) sure handmade New Year paintings live on. “We are now thin king about development, allowing the paintings to be more 9(create),” he said. For him, the next thing to do is to find qualified successors to ensure that the skills 10(pass) to younger generations.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.7.8.9.10.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。文章介绍了木版画大师杨洛书的故事。
1.However考查副词。上文提到新年结束后木版画被扔掉,下文提到制作这些木版画要花费这些艺术家一年的时间,上下文是转折关系,故填However。
2.whom考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为the artists,指人,故介词of后接关系代词whom。
3.among考查介词。杨洛书是那些艺术家中的一位,故使用介词among。
4.a考查冠词。此处表示泛指,故使用不定冠词a。
5.appeared考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the Ming Dynasty可确定此处使用一般过去时。
6.representatives考查名词的数。根据数词three可确定使用名词representative 的复数形式。
7.Running考查非谓语动词。句子主语Yang与动词run是主动关系,故使用现在分词作状语。
8.to make考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语。
9.creative考查形容词。系动词be后需接形容词作表语,故答案为creative。
10.will be passed/are passed考查动词的时态和语态。从句的主语the skills与动词pass之间是被动关系,结合语境可确定答案。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018江西赣州3月模拟)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My name is Li Ming, a student studied in Ganzhou No.18 Middle School. I am eager become a volunteer in your group and I can work till my next term begins. I have a real talent on singing. I get first prize in the singing competition in our school last year. However, I can teach children how to sing songs. Besides, I play the piano
very well, that will help a lot in my work. I am warm-hearted and always be ready to help. Helping other people makes myself happy. I believe I can make friend with the children. I hope I am fortunately enough to be a member of your group.
答案
My name is Li Ming, a student ① in Ganzhou No.18 Middle School.I am eager ②∧to become a volunteer in your group and I can work till my next term
begins.I have a real talent ③ singing.I ④ first prize in the singing competition in
our school last year.⑤,I can teach children how to sing songs.Besides,I play the piano very well,⑥ will help a lot in my work.I am warm-hearted and
always ⑦
be
ready to help.Helping other people makes ⑧ happy.I believe I can make ⑨ with the children.I hope I am ⑩ enough to be a member of your group.
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:我叫李明,是一名在赣州十八中学习的学生。被修饰词student与study为逻辑上的主动关系,且此处表示正在进行,需用现在分词而非过去分词作定语,故将studied改为studying。
2.考查非谓语动词。be eager to do sth.为固定结构,意为“渴望做某事”。故在become前加to。
3.考查介词。have a talent for...为固定短语,意为“有……的天赋”。
4.考查时态。根据时间状语last year可知本句需用一般过去时,故将get改为got。
5.考查副词。错误处前后两句为因果关系,故将However改为Therefore/Thus。
6.考查定语从句。句意:此外,我钢琴弹得很好,这将会对我的工作帮助很大。先行词为I play the piano very well,指“事”,且在定语从句中作主语,故将that改为which。
7.考查谓语动词。ready与warm-hearted并列作am的表语,be多余,故将be删除。
8.考查代词。句意:帮助别人使我很幸福。错误处的myself与主语Helping other people并不是指同一人或物,故错误处不可以用反身代词,故将myself改为me。
9.考查动词短语。make friends with sb.为固定短语,意为“与……交朋友”。
10.考查形容词。句意:我希望我足够幸运能成为你们团队中的一员。错误处需用形容词而非副词作表语,故将fortunately改为fortunate。
专题二长难句突破
模拟闯关
分析下面的长难句并写出每句的译文
1.(2018课标全国卷Ⅱ)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.
本句为①。句中非谓语动词combined作②。
【译文】
答案①简单句②状语
【译文】当与浆果或者其他的水果片混合在一起时,冷冻的香蕉就会成为一种极好的用来制作浓浓的冷果昔和低脂“冰激凌”的基本材料。
2.(2018课标全国卷Ⅰ)The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
本句为①。句中Save Money: Good Food为②,which引导
③,在从句中作④;how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market作介词on的⑤。
【译文】
答案①主从复合句②同位语③定语从句④主语
⑤宾语
【译文】由八部分组成的系列节目Save Money: Good Food 跟随ITV的节目Save Money: Good Health的足迹,给观众提供了关于如何从市场上各种各样的健康产品中获得价值的建议。
3.(2018课标全国卷Ⅰ)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.
本句为①。句中In order to引导的不定式短语作②,how引导③。
【译文】
答案①主从复合句②(目的)状语③宾语从句
【译文】为了通过这门课程,在其他标准之中,我们还要写一篇论文来说明我们计划如何把将会在课堂上学到的东西运用到我们将来所从事的职业之中,并最终运用到我们的生活中。
4.Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.
本句为①。在第一个分句中before引导②;第二个分句中because引导③。
【译文】
答案①并列复合句②时间状语从句③原因状语从句
【译文】现在,在打印机使用原料前,绝大部分原料必须变成糊状物。而且打印的过程非常耗费时间,因为原料以非常复杂的方式相互作用。
5.(2018课标全国卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.
本句为①。and前的第一个分句是②,with短语作③修饰people;第二个分句中when引导④,as引导⑤。
【译文】
答案①并列复合句②简单句③定语④时间状语从句⑤比较状语从句【译文】这个城市里挤满了失望的人群,他们对定居下来没有一点兴趣。当他们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初来到这里一样快速地离开了道森城。
6.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.
本句为①。句中warned后的内容为that引导的②,worried about...和anxious about...作③,对从句中主语的状态予以说明,they follow on platforms为④,as a result of和due to引导的介词短语作⑤。
【译文】
答案①主从复合句②宾语从句③状语④定语
⑤状语
【译文】Miss Longfield提醒说这一代孩子的成长是有风险的,因为他们在社交平台上追求的不切实际的生活方式,他们很担心自己的形象,而且由于社交媒体的不断需求,他们越来越担心不被注意。
专题三名词、冠词、代词和数词
教师备用题库
单句填空
1.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before/earlier, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with(it)choking smog.
答案its考查代词。此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词smog。
2.(2015课标全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.
答案the考查冠词。该空后面是最高级标志词most,表示“最……”,故用定冠词the。
3.(2014课标全国卷Ⅰ)Now, years later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
答案the考查冠词。句意:现在,多年之后,这条河流成为了环境清理最杰出的例子之一。该空后面是最高级,所以应填定冠词the。
单句改错
1.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.
答案countryside前加the考查冠词。in the countryside“在农村/乡下”为固定表达。
2.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment.
答案your→our/the考查代词或定冠词。此处为形容词性物主代词作定语,句子的主语为we,故需用our与之相呼应。也可用定冠词the来限定。
3.(2015课标全国卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.
答案在saw后加his此处提到的父母是主人公Tony的父母,故加上代词his。
4.(2014课标全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.
答案在result前加a as a result 结果,为固定短语。
5.(2013课标全国卷Ⅱ)This custom soon became another meal of day.
答案day前加the句意:这个习惯很快成为一天中的另一顿饭了。
专题三名词、冠词、代词和数词
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
答案effects考查名词复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect表示“副作用”,为可数名词,根据such as overweight and heart disease可知,副作用有多种,故填复数形式。
2.(2016课标全国卷Ⅱ)Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
答案studies考查名词复数。根据主句中的谓语动词show可知主语应该用复数形式,故填studies。
3.The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
答案possibility考查名词。句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命的可能性一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。设空处在句中作主语,故填名词possibility。
4.(2018福建厦门期末质检)The 17th-century philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon declared that nothing had changed the world more deeply than three great (invention):gunpowder, printing and the compass.
答案inventions句意:17世纪的哲学家兼政治家弗朗西斯·培根宣称:任何东西都不如火药、印刷术和指南针这三项伟大的发明对世界造成的变化大。根据设空处前的three可知设空处填名词的复数形式。
5.(2018四川成都龙泉中学高三二诊)If you examine the language attentively, you can learn to appreciate different English writing(style).
答案styles句意:如果你认真地研究这门语言,你就能学会欣赏不同的英语写作方式。根据形容词different可判断此处使用名词的复数形式。
6.It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do.
答案both句意:这是二者择其一的局面——我们今年可以买一辆新车,或者可以去度假,但是不能二者兼顾。both用于否定句表示部分否定,意为“并非两者都”。
7.In general,third-culture kids benefit from(they)intercultural experiences and they often reach excellent academic results.
答案their句意:一般而言,第三文化的孩子受益于他们的跨文化体验,他们往往会取得优异的学业成绩。设空处作intercultural experiences的定语,故填形容词性物主代词their。
8.(2018河南中原名校五次联考)After teaching (she)to surf with one arm, in 2004, she entered a major competition and won the ESPY Award.
答案herself句意:她自学独臂冲浪之后,在2004年,她参加了一项大型比赛并获得了年度卓越体育表现奖。设空处作宾语且与主语为同一人,故用反身代词。teach oneself为固定短语,意为“自学”。
9.(2018河北五个一联盟二次联考)As you know, science plays very important role in our education.
答案a句意:正如你所知,科学在我们的教育中起着非常重要的作用。设空处后的名词role在本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词;紧挨着设空处的very的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
10.(2018陕西榆林二中三模)The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as investigative tool.
答案an句意:因特网是一种令人惊叹的信息资源。学生、老师和研究人员都将其作为一种调查工具使用。设空处后的名词tool在本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词;设空处后的investigative的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
11.(2018河北百校联盟联考)Table tennis is now a fast, high-tech sport and has most players of all sports in the world.
答案the句意:乒乓球运动现在是一项速度快、高科技的运动,拥有全世界所有体育运动中最多的运动员。根据语境可知此处表示最高级,形容词最高级前需填定冠词the。
12.(2018湖北襄阳1月调研)In Australia,which has the highest number of food advertisements in children's television in the world, there are average of 12 food ads per hour.
答案an句意:澳大利亚是世界上在儿童电视节目中插播食物广告数量最多的国家,平均每小时有12条食物广告。an average of...为固定短语,意为“平均……”。
13.(2018四川成都龙泉中学高三二诊)Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb(it)full benefit.
答案its句意:有时候为了吸收一本书的所有益处,(我们)有必要读不止一遍。修饰名词benefit应用形容词性物主代词。
14.I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an;it is indeed worth second visit.
答案a句意:我真的喜欢待在西安。它的确是值得再次参观的。“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”。
15.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
答案it句意:如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关了,你觉得怎样?表示“喜欢、热爱、憎恨”的动词后常加it再加that、if或when引导的从句。
16.I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
答案it句意:假如你提前让我知道你是否会来,我将不胜感激。考查代词。I'd appreciate it if...属于固定句式,表示“假如……我将不胜感激。”
17.Generally,(students) inner motivation is essential to their development. 答案students'分析题干可知,空格处在句中作定语,结合语境可知,空格处应该填写提示词的所有格形式。故空格处填students'。
18.At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in that magazine.
答案those句意:在我们工厂有几台机器和那本杂志里描述的那些相似。首先将题干补全为:At our factory there are a few machines similar to the machines described in that magazine.,然后考虑用those替代特指的the machines,以避免重复。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2016课标全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.
答案the→a考查冠词。in a short period of time意为“在短时间内”。
2.(2016课标全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.
答案world前加the world前需要加定冠词 the。
3.Located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, Wuzhen has a history of about 6,000 years;like many small towns in the southern area, which has a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.
答案which→it句意:乌镇位于浙江省嘉兴市,有大约6000年的历史。像许多南方的小镇那样,乌镇清澈的小溪上有许多小桥。第二个分句缺少主语,故需将which改为it,it代替前面的Wuzhen。
4.(2018河北五个一联盟二模) A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday, causing 4 death.
答案death→deaths句意:上周五,一场大暴雨毁掉了南非的两个村庄,导致4个人遇难。考查名词的数。death作“死亡事件;死亡人数”讲时为可数名词,根据错误处前的“4”可知将death改为deaths。
5.(2018山东潍坊一模)After all, helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy.
答案happy→happiness句意:毕竟,帮助有困难的人是一个获得快乐和幸福的好办法。此处应该用名词而非形容词作obtain的宾语,故将happy改为happiness。
6.(2018河南天一大联考Ⅲ)Before long, I could speak English well and at the same time I also made great progresses in my written English.
答案progresses→progress句意:不久以后,我就能很好地说英语了,同时我的书面英语也取得了很大进步。progress为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故将progresses改为progress。
7.(2018全国百校联盟一次联考)There were so many people that we had to push their way through the crowd.
答案their→our句意:人如此多以至于我们不得不挤着穿过人群。根据题干中的we可知需将their改为our。
8.When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.
答案children→child根据主语和不定冠词a可知,children使用错误,应用单数形式。
9.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
答案hurry前加a in a hurry为常用短语,意为“匆忙”,故hurry之前添加不定冠词a。
10.Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.
答案a→an average的发音以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an,故a改为an。
11.So, instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by myself whenever he puts forward questions.
答案myself→ourselves ourselves与前面的us对应。
12.We held a party last night to celebrate his twelve birthday.
答案twelve→twelfth此处表示“第12个生日”,应用序数词。
专题三名词、冠词、代词和数词 综合演练 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2018山东德州夏津一中高三第一次月考) Woodblock paintings(木版画)are often hung at homes during the Chinese Lunar New Year. For many Chinese, the bright-colored paintings are quite time-limited. As soon as the festival comes to an end, these print works will be at once thrown away.1, these short-lived New Year paintings require a year of hard work by the artists, many of 2 have devoted their entire life to this traditional folk art. Yang Luoshu, a 92-year-old man from Weifang City, Shandong Province, is3 those who have had a great love of the art. Yang has worked as 4 craftsman for 77 years, and has kept improving his carving skills with every piece of work. Yangjiabu New Year woodblock paintings, which Yang has fallen in love with, 5(appear) in the Ming Dynasty. As a national cultural heritage, it is now one of China's three 6(representative) of traditional folk paintings for the New Year, together with Tianjin's Yangliuqing and Suzhou's Taohuawu. 7(run) a centuries-old folk art family workshop named Tongshunde, Yang has carved all kinds of images, including flowers, birds, mountains, rivers and traditional Chinese gods. But he realized that something must be changed 8 (make) sure handmade New Year paintings live on. “We are now thin king about development, allowing the paintings to be more 9(create),” he said. For him, the next thing to do is to find qualified successors to ensure that the skills 10(pass) to younger generations. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7.8.9.10. 答案 [语篇解读]本文为记叙文。文章介绍了木版画大师杨洛书的故事。
第一部分语法知识专题一名词、代词和冠词 挖命题 【考情探究】 考点考向 考情分析 预测热 度高考示例 设题方式 2018-112018-062017-112017-062016-10 名词1.名词和动词、 形容词等之间 的词性转换 2.名词的单数和 复数 3.名词的所有格 women (woman) weight (weigh) dishes (dish) months (month) carrots (carrot) pages (page) performanc e (perform) 1.根据所给的相关提示词(动词、形 容词等),写出相应的名词 2.根据上下文判断名词用单数形式 还是复数形式以及复数名词的构 成形式 3.在无提示词的情况下根据语境写 出适当的名词。这类词一般都是固 定结构或在上下文有明确的提示 ★★★ 代词1.不定代词 2.物主代词 3.指示代词 4.人称代词 5.疑问代词 6.反身代词 7.it的用法 them (they) it their (they) myself(I) 1.根据上下文的语境写出合适的代 词 2.根据所给的相关提示词,一般是 同根词,写出合适的代词形式。这种 形式主要出现在人称代词、物主代 词和反身代词的相互转换方面 ★★☆ 冠词 1.定冠词an a 根据上下文的逻辑关系填写合适 的定冠词、不定冠词 ★★☆
2.不定冠词 3.零冠词 分析解读 对词性的直接考查主要集中在语篇型填空题中,而间接的考查则体现在写作中,不论是应用文写作还是读后续写或概要写作,以上三类词都起着非常重要的作用。 一、名词 1.根据上下文判断是否用名词,是否用名词的复数形式。因此考生一定要掌握名词复数形式的构成规则．．．．．．．．．．．。 2.根据所给的同根词,写出相应的名词。因此考生要掌握英语单词的基本构词法。2019年与名词有关的词性转换将是考查的热点。同时特别注意既有词性转换．．．．．,．又有复数形式的考查方式．．．．．．．．．．． 。 3.有可能在无提示词的情况下根据语境写出适当的名词。这类词一般都是固定结构或在上下文中有明确的提示。因此考生要掌握一些含有名词的固定词组。这类设题的难度较大,近年都没有涉及,但是,考生还是应当做出必要的准备。 二、代词 1.根据上下文的语境写出合适的代词。 2.根据所给的同根词,写出合适的代词形式。因此考生要掌握英语代词的各种形式之间的转换规则和形式。 三、冠词 根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的定冠词或不定冠词。在此类考查中,名词实际上起着主要的作用．．．．．．．．．．．．。所以要重点研究与设空处相关的名词。 从以上考查方式中可以看出,对这三类词的考查主要集中在对上下文的理解上．．．．．．．．,因此,读懂句子,读懂上下文,抓住上下文的主旨,是这类题目的解题关键。 破考点 【考点集训】 考点一 名词 1.Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with (patient). 答案 patience
名词、代词、冠词、数词综合练习题 1 There are ___ days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2 There are____ students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.______people visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of 4.There are two___ people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of 5.Every year ___ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people D. million of people 6.____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of 7.Look! There are ___ in the sky. A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star 8. My brother is in____. A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 9. We are going to learn___ this term. A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six 10. Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud. A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second 11. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
1.(2010全国卷一) I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and _____ half learning drawing. A another B the other C other’s D other 2. (2010北京卷) Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment. A in B at C for D to 3. (2010北京卷) First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ____ second chance to make _____ first impression. A a ; the B the ;the C a ; a D the ; a 4. (2010 重庆卷) The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ____ me. A by B for C in D with 5. (2010 重庆卷) He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _____ of them again. A neither B either C each D all 6. (2010 重庆卷) Everything comes with _____ price; there is no such ____ thing as a free lunch in the world. A a, a B the , / C the , a D a , / 7. (2010 湖北卷) This restaurant has become popular for its wide _____ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A division B area C range D circle 8. (2010 湖北卷) After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide _____ for the homeless families. A accommodation B occupation C equipment D furniture 9. (2010 湖北卷) It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them. A in preference to B in place of C in agreement with D in exchange for 10. (2010 天津卷) He telephones the travel agency to ____ three air tickets to London. A order B arrange C take D book 11. (2010 天津卷) James took the magazines off the little table to make _____ for the television. A room B area C field D position 12. (2010 天津卷) ______ in my life impressed my so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A Anything B Nothing C Everything D Something 13. (2010 天津卷) My father warned me _____ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. A by B on C for D against 14. (2010 四川卷) In ____ most countries, a university degree can give you ______ flying start in life. A the; a B the; 不填 C 不填; 不填 D 不填; a 15. (2010 四川卷) On my desk is a photo that my father took of _____ when I was a baby. A him B his C me D mine 16. (2010 山东卷) If we sit near _____ front of the bus, we’ll have _____ better view. A / ; the B / ; a C the ; a D the ; the 17 . (2010 山东卷) Those who suffer from headache will find they get _____ from this medicine.
名词名词的数 1、可数名词与不可数名词 A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点： 1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单. 2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语 eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C] A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_______ on the plate. [B] A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer 2、可数名词的复数 A、不规则变化： man—men ; woman—women ;child—children policeman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice B、规则变化 1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz] 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz] 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz] eg. knives [naivz] 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s] 5)一般加s 浊就浊[z] eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz] 但注意以下几点： ① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes ②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese ③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor — men doctors ④ reef—reefs ⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans ⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy. 3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是“……的”) A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意： 1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s” Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
高考英语代词知识点单元汇编含答案解析(3) 一、选择题 1．In the past, ____didn’t make much of a difference to your success____ you had a good family background. A．that; if B．it; whether C．that; whether D．it; if 2．With ________ mistakes, ________ is no wonder that the man got laid off only after working for several months. A．such many…there B．many such…it C．such many…it D．many such…there 3．The movie is not quite as good as the play ____ was adapted from. A．that B．which C．it D．what 4．Standard Cognition, a startup company. in California, has developed technology that works like of Amazon Go, but it seeks to sell its artificial intelligence system to businesses for use in their own stores A．the one B．those C．that D．one 5．I would like to buy a flat in the suburb and sold ______ in downtown , because I want to live near my Mom’s. A．the one B．the other C．it D．another 6．Travellers to that area can carry disease to their own countries that have never experienced_____. A．them B．it C．themselves D．itself 7．People were dressed in elegant costumes, all of _____ suitable for a multicultural parade. A．which B．whom C．them D．who 8．The old couple preferred a flat in a small town to ______ in so large a city as Chongqing．A．this B．it C．that D．one 9．The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in the newspaper. A．it B．those C．one D．that 10．The tallest girl over there is ________ who works very hard in our class . A．a girl B．the girl C．one D．the one 11．In my opinion, there’s no greater happiness than of succeeding in one’s career. A．one B．it C．that D．those 12．I would appreciate____________ if you could help me out when I am in trouble. A．that B．one C．it D．this 13．Generally speaking, the information on the Internet is faster than ______ in newspapers. A．that B．this C．it D．one 14．Located in the center of Melbourne， Australia， are two tall towers designed by building architect Phil Rowe， both of shaped like massive tree houses rather than skyscrapers. A．who B．them C．which D．whom
第三讲名词、代词、数词 考点一名词的构词法 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式： https://www.doczj.com/doc/0c13752452.html,pared with the traditional trade mode, they don't have to spend money in renting a house. However, there are still some_______(advantage) in online shopping. 【答案】disadvantages 【解析】句意：与传统的贸易模式相比，他们不必花钱租赁房屋。然而，网上购物仍然有一些缺点。由However 可知，这里与上一句形成转折，介绍网购的缺点disadvantage是可数名词，和some搭配，应用复数形式。 2 . China's industrial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year , marking the best______(perform)since 2010,because the Made in China 2025 strategy(策略）helps to raise productivity and revenue(税收）. 【答案】performance 【解析】句意：预计今年中国的工业产出将增长6.5%左右，这是自2010年以来的最佳表现，因为中国制造2025战略有助于提高生产率和税收。mark为及物动词，其后缺少宾语，空前又有形容词最高级修饰，故此处应填perform的名词形式performance。 2.Three factors have greatly contributed to the ______(grow): the depth of the story,traditional Chinese elements and emotions of the characters. 【答案】growth 【解析】空格处作介词to的宾语，空前又有定冠词the,故填grow的名词形式growth。 3.The online books will be renewed and enriched gradually according to readers' borrowing habits and ________(prefer). 【答案】preference(s) 【解析】句意：根据读者的借阅习惯和偏好，网上图书将会逐渐更新和充实。空格处与and前的borrowing habits并列，都由readers'修饰，指读者的借阅习惯和偏好，故填名词。preference在此处既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 5. When his mom couldn't afford to buy him a toy panda he badly wanted, he wrote a pitiful note on the toy's box begging other _______(stop) not to buy it . 【答案】shoppers
（一） 1、名词名词(Nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。 2、代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 3、动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类。 4、形容词 形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征 5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种 6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。 7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。 （二） 1、名词，人或事物的名称 3、代词，代替名词或者数词（比如some就是代替数目） 3、动词，动作或状态 4、数词，表示数目或顺序（比如序数词，5th就是表示顺序） 5、形容词，人或事物的性质或状态（因为形容词一般修饰名词） 6、副词，动作的特征或性状特征（因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词） 7、冠词，表示名词的泛指或特指 8、介词，表示名词或代词与其他词的关系（因为介词后面一半紧跟 名词，代词或其他名词性结构） 9、连词，连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子 10、感叹词，表示说话时的感情或语气
1.3 代词和数词（安徽专用） 【模拟提升演练】 1. (2012·芜湖模拟) Europeans made _______ clear that they did not want to take the Roma as neighbors. A. so B. this C. it D. that 2. (2012·黄山模拟)People working 10 or 11 hours a day are more likely to suffer from health problems than _______ who go off duty after eight hours. A. those B. that C. these D. them 3. (2012·铜陵模拟)—Did a letter come for me? —Yes, _______ came for you. A. that B. it C. one D. this 4.（2012·马鞍山模拟）This year we’ve produced ________we did last year. A. twice as much grain as B. as twice much grain as C. twice as more grain as D. as twice more grain as 5. (2012·南昌模拟)It is not rare in _______ that people in _______ fifties are going to university for further education. A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 6. (2012·泰安模拟)—Do you have _______ for the party, Mary?
名词和冠词第一讲 语法项目(一) 名词 [考纲解读·定方向] 语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。 如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词 [思考趋向] 1．填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。 2．填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。 3．派生为名词 [典例感悟] [典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit. 解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。 [典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. 解析：months 考查名词的数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。 ________(educate)．her with on carry to determined is 4](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She 典例[解析：education 根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰，故用educate的名词形式，education是不可数名词。 名词单数变复数的技法
中考代词数词动词副词冠词名词连词形容词介词专项练习 ( ) 1. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming, _______ like ball games. A. the others B. others C. the other D. other ( ) 2. _______ of the two girls is from Beijing. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither ( ) 3. The weather in summer here is like _______ in Beijing. A. this B. that C. it D. its ( ) 4. The room on the right is _______. A. her B. she C. Lucy’s D. Lucy ( ) 5. Where are the students? Are they in _______? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room ( ) 6. There are ________ people in the factory now. A. thousand of B. two thousands C. thousands of D. thousand ( ) 7. The man over there is my brother. _______ is a doctor. A. She B. He C. Hers D. His ( ) 8. I have two cats. One is black, and _______ is white. A. another B. some C. other D. the other ( ) 9. I’m looking for a babysister (保姆). She must be ________ too old ________ too young. A. neither; nor B. both; and C. either; or D. not only; but also ( ) 10. –What’s in your car? -- _______. A. No one B. Nothing C. Nobody D. None ( ) 11. There are quite a few old books on the shelf, but _______ of them is useful to him. A. both B. all C. neither D. none ( ) 12. –I’ve had enough bread. Would you like ________? --No, thanks. A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more ( ) 13. The film star is going to spend ________ dollars on a new dress for the coming party. A. three thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousands of ( ) 14. –Did Eric buy any vegetables in the market? -- No, he didn’t, but he thought _______ fish. A. no B. any C. some D. both ( ) 15. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’ C. three hundred’s D. three hundred ( ) 16. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, you’ll have to pay ________ $8o. A. another B. other C. each D. more ( ) 17. The place is not interesting at all. ________ of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some ( ) 18. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a ________one. A. three B. third C. forth D. / ( ) 19. I heard the sports meeting has been put off until _______, hasn’t it? A. the 3 and 4 B. the 3th and 4th C. the 3 rd and 4th D. four and five ( ) 20. _______ of the earth _______ made up of oceans. A. Two-third; is B. Two-thirds; is C. Two-third; are D. Two-thirds; are ( ) 21. Most of us don’t know _______ about how life is formed. A. many B. little C. few D. much ( ) 22. –Is this short-wave radio _______? --No. it belongs to _______. A. yours; me B. yours; his C. her; him D. yours; her ( ) 23. –Have you got any books on music? I want to borrow _______. --Yes. You can find them on the top shelf of the second bookcase. A. it B. any C. one D. them ( ) 24. –Have you read the paper?
专项强化1 名词、代词、数词和冠词 A组 1. It is perhaps human nature to love beautiful things, and universe contains many things of beauty, flowers being one of the most outstanding. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / 2. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products 3. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly . A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon 4. experiment took us five months and turned out great success. A. The; / B. /; a C. The; a D. The; the 5. As to the development, our country is working hard for a , from speed over quality to quality over speed. A. departure B. limit C. switch D. link 6. My morning includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine 7. I can’t say which wine is the best—it’s a(n) of personal taste. A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety 8. It’s reported that the students who are addicted to playing computer games are all driven by at first. A. curiosity B. benefit C. surprise D. satisfaction 9. East Coast fever kills cattle in eastern and central Africa every year. A. tens and thousands B. ten and thousands of C. hundreds and thousands D. hundreds of thousands of 10. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living . A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges 11. She went to the bookstore and bought . A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books 12. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each 13. To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or . A. neither B. some C. all D. both 14. — What about the services in this hotel? — They are at least as good as, if not superior to, in yours. A. it B. those C. that D. the one 15. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed to and then posted it at the nearby post office. A. it: her B. it; herself C. herself; her D. herself; herself