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托福综合写作词汇句型

托福综合写作词汇句型
托福综合写作词汇句型

模板素材

一、综合写作常用词汇:

1、对材料的指称:

①听力:

the speaker

the lecturer

the professor

the listening material

the lecture

the talk

②阅读:

the writer

the author

the reading material

the writing

the passage

2、表示要点间的关系的词和短语:

①质疑、驳斥关系的词或短语:

refute = rebut + n 驳倒, 反驳

disprove + n 反驳, 证明...为误

deny + n 或+ that 否定,否认

challenge sth. 或者challenge sb on sth 置疑(…的正确性) question + n 置疑(…的正确性或合理性) cast doubt on / raise doubt over + n 怀疑

doubt + n 或+ that 怀疑

oppose + n 反对

object to = disagree with + n 反对,不赞成

be opposing to / sb be opposed to 反对

be against 反对

be contrary 相反

be opposite to 相反

contradict + n 同...矛盾/抵触be contradictory to 同...矛盾/抵触conflict vi 抵触,有分歧A and B conflict 或者A conflict with B

be conflicting to 抵触,有分歧differ from + n 与.. 不同

②支持、强化关系的词或短语:

support + n 支持

back + n 支持

enhance + n 增强,强化

strengthen + n 加强

uphold + n 支持,维护

justify + n 为…辩护,证明…的是正当的

3、陈述材料内容的词和短语:say

according to the lecture (reading passage) adv.

state + that 说; 陈述

remark + that 谈起,说

make the point that + 从句

take the position that + 从句

propose + to do / + that 提议,主张

maintain + that 主张,认为

argue + that 争辩到, 认为

indicate + that 表明,指出

suggest + that 提出,表明

mention + n 提及,说起

note + n 或+ that 指出,说到

claim + that 声称,断言

assert + that 断言, 声称(formal)

affirm + that 断言;肯定(formal)

contend + that 声称,主张(formal)

allege + that 宣称, 断言(formal)

put forward + n 提出

point out + that 指出

conclude + that 断定

4、表示转折关系的词和短语:

①adv. in contrast / on the contrary / on the other hand/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless / in comparison

②conj. while / whereas / although /yet/but

5、表示转承的词和短语:

①first, first of all, the first reason / point

②second, furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more, in addition, another reason / point,additionally

③third, finally, in the end

6、其他有用的词汇:

basis n. 根据

grounds n. 理由,原因

evidence n. 证据

proof n. 证据

groundless adj. 无根据的,无依据的unwarranted adj. 无根据的,不敢保证的incorrect adj. 不正确的

improper adj. 不合适的,不恰当的inappropriate adj. 不合宜的,不适当的incomplete adj. 不完全的,不完整的exemplify + n 举例说明

illustrate + n / + that 举例说明

cast light on 使…显现

given that… 考虑到

in that …由于, 因为

regarding prep. 关于

concerning p rep. 关于

with regard / respect to p rep. 关于

in term(s) of …就…而言

in light of…就…而言

on the respect of …. 在…方面

7. 因此

As a result

As a consequence

Accordingly

Consequently

Therefore,

Hence,

Thus,

Thereby

二、综合写作黄金句型:

1、首段(稍作转换亦可用于中间段)

?The lecture…, which … the main idea in the reading that …

?The professor … . On the contrary / in contrast / however, the writer … a

different / contradictory / opposing idea that …

?Contrary to / opposed to the belief / idea / point in the passage that …, the

professor … that …

?The professor … the viewpoint showed / suggested / indicated / mentioned /

discussed / stated in the passage that … by saying that …

?The evidence / proof / points / opinion given / provided / stated in the passage

is groundless / unwarranted / somewhat inappropriate / inaccurate when compared to what is …ed in the lecture. The lecture …

2、中间段

?The professor made the point that … The reading, in contrast, held a …view

by saying that …

?As regards to / in terms of …, the listening material …the reading

material. …

?Another important point …in the reading material is that … but the

listening presents a conflicting / contradictory / opposing / negative / opposite idea that ….

?The second / third point / reason / evidence …in the reading passage is

that… . Contrary to it is the professor’s …that …

?Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage,, the lecturer ...

?The passage …but it is not the case in the lecture. The professor …

?The passage… while the lecture… . This was another part where (the … of)

the lecture … (the … in ) the passage (that…).

?Finally, the professor …. that … , which … t he standpoint made by the

writer who said that …

三、综合写作句型集

打造个性化模板模版范例:

It is …ed in the lecture that…, which …the passage. According to the passage, …

First, contrary to / opposite to / opposed to the …in the passage that…, the professor …that …

The second … in the reading / by the author is that … however, the lecture .... This is another point / part where the lecture …the passage.

Finally, the author of the passage …that …. Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage, the lecturer ...

反驳关联套句

1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.

2.This is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.

3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.

4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.

5.not as the passage puts it, ….

6.Unlike described in the passage

7.contrary to the passage, …/quite the contrary, …/quite the opposite,…/just the opposite, …/ by contraries, …/on the contrary, …/to the contrary, …

8.while/whereas the writer states…., the lecturer opposes the claim

9.actually/in fact/in deed

10.The fact is …/the point is…/it turns out that…

指代文章信息的抽象名词:

1.reason cause basis ground motive motivation

2.example instance

3.evidence date fact proof basis foundation

4.explanation account

5.definition description clarification

6.assumption premise hypothesis guess

7.conclusion belidf idea opinion judgment view notion argument theo ry

8.issue matter topic problem subject concern

9.acknowledgement observation

10.statement point detail

11.advice appeal proposal plan scheme recommendation

12.benefit advantage improvement

指代讲座信息的抽象名词

1.studies researches

2.finding discovery

3.alternative explanation theory

4.counter-example counter-evidence

5.claim assertion

6.objection refutation charge

7.remark comment

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数量词 一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多(大)的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词 过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见(opinion) 骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect 错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior 做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 归咎blam e…on ; put the blam e on … ;…is to blame 瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 不会犯错的infallible 意见不和clashes of opinion 一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. 我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to 有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit thi s… 在大家同意下by common consent of… 否定deny; withhold; negate 承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede 于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 使…受益benefit…; do good t o…; is good for…; is of great benefit t o… 成语及俗语及搭配方式 想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 想出come up with 找出come up with; find out 利用use; take advantage of

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be against 反对 be contrary 相反 be opposite to 相反 contradict + n 同...矛盾/抵触be contradictory to 同...矛盾/抵触conflict vi 抵触,有分歧A and B conflict 或者A conflict with B be conflicting to 抵触,有分歧differ from + n 与.. 不同 ②支持、强化关系的词或短语: support + n 支持 back + n 支持 enhance + n 增强,强化 strengthen + n 加强 uphold + n 支持,维护 justify + n 为…辩护,证明…的是正当的 3、陈述材料内容的词和短语:say according to the lecture (reading passage) adv. state + that 说; 陈述 remark + that 谈起,说 make the point that + 从句 take the position that + 从句 propose + to do / + that 提议,主张 maintain + that 主张,认为 argue + that 争辩到, 认为 indicate + that 表明,指出

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10. All evidence … 11. leads me to conclude that… 12. 13. fact that… A. … 2.as A is, … For one thing, it … For another, it… 3.The effect of 4.Although A advantage …, it cannot compete with B in… 5.A’s advantage when B’s advantages are

is 7. Although everyone believes that … I 8. I that … 9. Although the is that … 10. to …is , one may still wonder whether …is fair. 11. They may be right about … the fact that … 12. Although it is that … , it is unlikely to be true that … 13. but that … 14. It would be to that …, that …to believe that … 15. reason for us to that …

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二. 知识与教育 (一)知识与智能 knowledge,n.知识,学问;认识;知道 knowledge acquisition 知识获取 knowledge hierarchy 知识体系 structure of knowledge 知识结构 comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识 scope of knowledge 知识面 value of knowledge 知识价值 knowledge industry 知识产业 knowledge management 知识管理 the aging of knowledge 知识老化 spread scientific knowledge 传播科学知识 thirst for knowledge 求知欲 Knowledge is infinite./There is no limit to knowledge.学无止境(学海无涯)。 knowledgeable n.知识渊博的;有见识的 become knowledgable and professional 知识化、专业化 erudition n.博学,博识;学问;知识 erudite a.博学的,有学问的;n.博学之上,有学问的人 learned a.有学问的,博学的;精通某门学科的 a learned man 学者 learning n.知识;学问 book learning 书本知识 a man of great learning 博学之上,学问高深的人 have little learning 学识浅薄 an emergent branch of learning 一门新兴的学问 episteme n.(哲)知识 epistemic n.(哲)(关于)认识的;(关于)知识的 letters n.[用作单或复]文学;学问;文化修养 a man of letters文人 lore n.学问,知识;(有关某一学科的)全部知识 scholarship n.学术成就;学问,学识;奖学金 scholarly a.学者气质的;学者风度的

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