汉英翻译题库（一）
发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-14 11:36 共591人浏览[大] [中] [小]
汉译英
主席先生：
中国作为一个发展中国家，很自然十分关心发展中国家在世界经济中所处的困境。许多事实证明，北南关系不是朝着更好的方向发展，而是趋于进一步的恶化。因此，改善北南关系就成为所有国家的一项重要任务。目前，北南之间的差距进一步扩大，富的更富，穷的更穷。许多发展中国家人民正生活在贫困线之下，发达国家有责任给发展中国家以更多的帮助，并同意在平等互利、平等交换的基础上，建立一个新的国际经济秩序。
今天的世界各国，经济上的相互依存更加密切。如果发展中国家的困难长期得不到解决，经济得不到发展，发达国家的经济要持续保持稳定增长，也将是困难的。在商品、贸易、债务、资金、货币和金融等领域，采取有效措施，改善发展中国家面临的外部环境，以利于发展中国家恢复增长和发展，这是当前国际经济领域中的一项紧迫任务。这样做也有利于世界经济的稳定和增长。
Mr. President.
As a developing country， China is naturally concerned about the predicament of the developing countries in the world economy. Numerous facts show that the North-South relations are going to deteriorate further instead of turning for the better. Therefore， the improvement of the North-South relations has become an important task for all countries. At present the gap between the North and the South is widening， with the rich becoming richer and the poor poorer. The people of many developing countries are living below the poverty line. The developed countries have the responsibility to give more help to the developing countries， and to agree to the establishment of a new international economic order based on equality and mutual benefit and exchange of equal values.
In the present-day world， there is even more inter-dependence among countries. Developed countries will find it difficult to maintain their economic growth if developing countries long remain in difficulties and their economies cannot move ahead. It is an urgent task in the international economic sphere to improve， by effective measures， the external environment of developing countries in such fields as commodity，trade， debt， capital， currency and finance. This will contribute not only to resuming growth of developing countries， but also the stability and growth of the world economy.
桂林（2）
在1985年和1991年中国十大风景名胜和中国旅游胜地四十佳评选活动中，桂林山水均排名第二。1998年，国家旅游局授予桂林“中国优秀旅游城市”称号。
桂林在发展旅游业中，着力于风景建设，漓江的综合治理，改善和提高旅游接待能力等方面。近二十多年来，桂林旅游业有了长足的发展，基本形成了具有多功能、多层次的旅游产业结构和全方位、高质量的旅游接待服务体系，成为中外瞩目的旅游热点城市。近些年来，桂林接待入境游客数始终排在全国旅游城市的前十名之内。1998年即使受东南亚金融危机的影响，桂林接待入境游客仍达41万人次，国内游客为600万人次。
Guilin （2）
In 1985 and 1991， Guilin's mountains and river ranked second both in the top ten Places of Interest and in the Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China. （The years 1985 and 1991 saw Guilin's mountains and river attain second place among the Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China and the Top Ten Places of Interest.） In 1998， China National Tourism Administration named （declared） Guilin one of the Top Tourist Cities in China.
During the process of developing a tourist industry， Guilin attached great importance to constructing tourist attractions， maintaining the Li River， and improving its capacity to receive tourists. （In the course of expanding its tourism industry， Guilin gave close attention to increasing its tourist attractions， maintaining the purity of the Li River， and increasing its capacity to accommodate visitors.） After more than 20 years' development， Guilin has made remarkable progress in the tourist industry， basically forming a multi-functional and multi-level system as well as overall high-quality tourist reception capacity. （Over the past 20 years Guilin has made remarkable progress in the development of its tourist industry， shaping a multi-functional， multi-tier，high-quality tourist reception system.） Guilin has become a
world-renowned tourist city. （Accordingly， Guilin has gained world renown/fame as a tourist city.） In recent years， Guilin has always ranked within the top 10 in terms of international tourist arrivals. （Nowadays Guilin invariably stands among the top ten international tourist destinations.） In 1998 international tourists numbered 410，000， and domestic tourists reached 6 million， despite the effects of the financial crisis in southeastern Asian countries. （In 1998 there were 410，000 foreign tourists and 6 million domestic tourists-- all these despite the financial crisis in southeast Asia.）
为什么参加生态旅游？
在整个旅游业的发展中1，生态旅游是发展速度最快的一个旅游市场。虽然很多旅游公司都声称提供生态旅游服务，然而您却无法确保你所参加的旅游是否
真正对环境有益2。而当您选择了我们提供的任何一项生态旅游服务，通过3满足以下生态旅游设计要求，您肯定可为保护环境作贡献。
替代性的创收：当地村民可通过为社区办的生态旅游公司工作而获得急需的收入，而不用以烧炭、打猎、非法伐木及捕鱼等破坏性生产方式获取收入4。
替代性的能源和垃圾处理：沼气、太阳能、风力和水力发电的利用5可减少旅游开发可能给社区带来的对自然资源的过度压力6。另外，废弃物管理措施7也是各生态旅游公司运作的一个重要组成部分。
Why Travel With Us？
Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing markets in1 the tourism industry （The rapid growth of ecotourism is unmatched by any other aspect of the tourism industry）. But with many companies claiming to offer “ecotourism” how can you be sure that your travel experience is really helping the environment （makes a positive contribution to the environment/will benefit the environment）2？ When you choose one of our tours， you will surely contribute to conservation （the environment）through [governed by]： 3 the following ecotourism principles Alternative income generation： Through employment with community-based ecotourism companies， local villagers are able to earn much-needed income that replaces income earned through destructive activities such as charcoal-making， hunting， illegal logging and fishing.4
Alternative energy and waste management （control）： Biogas， solar panels and in some cases wind （wind mills） or hydropower5 help reduce the strain on （ease the burden on） natural resources， which is often brought by tourism [which tourism can bring to a community（waste control is） 7 also a key component of （an essential element in） the operation of our ecotourism companies.] 6. Waste management measures are
旅游的意义
旅游是一种1集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展2。20世纪中叶以来，现代3旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升4，旅游活动日益成为各国人民5交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道6，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越7广泛的影响。
古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在古代，中国先哲们8就提出了“观国之光”的思想9，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。
The Significance of Travel
Tourism is （represents） a [kind of]1popular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing， recreation and health care. With the passage of time， tourism has been developing.2 Since the middle of the 20th century， [modern]， the scale of the tourism industry has constantly been
expanding， and the importance of tourism in the economy has grown obviously.4Tourism acts （serves） gradually as an important bridge for cultural exchange and friendship6， and it exerts a steadily7broadening influence on daily life （human life） and social progress among [people of various] countries5. 3 tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has been rising
From ancient times to the present， tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge， varied experience and good health. In the distant past （In ancient times），（ancient）8 Chinese thinkers recommended [raised the idea of[9“appreciating the landscape through sightseeing.” Ancient people also proposed to “travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books，” which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers.
中国旅游业
新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游工作，旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。目前，中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列，出境旅游人数迅速增加，已经成为旅游大国
中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，也是一个充满时代生机的东方大国，拥有许多得天独厚的旅游资源。自然风光旖旎秀美，历史文化博大精深，56 个民族风情浓郁，目前已被列入世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地达29处。在改革开放的推动下，现代化建设突飞猛进，城乡面貌日新月异。古代中国的风采神韵与现代中国的蓬勃英姿交相辉映。这些都为发展国内外旅游创造了优越的条件。
China’s Tourism
After the founding of New China （Since the People's Republic of China was founded）， especially since the opening up to the outside world and the reform （since the introduction of the reform and opening in 1978），the Chinese government has given close attention to the tourism industry，which has been undergoing steady and fast growth （which has been developing steadily and fast） as a （newly） emerging dynamic and potentially strong industry. Presently （At present/Currently）， China ranks among the top destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts. The numbers of our outbound tourists are also increasing rapidly （also show a rapid growth）. China is now an important （a big） tourism country.
As a country （A country） with a long history of civilization， China is a vast oriental nation full of modern vitality， unique in the richness and variety of its tourism resources. Besides picturesque natural scenery， lengthy history and complex culture， China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities （ethnic groups）. Now， there are 29 places that （Now 29 places of China） have been listed as World
Cultural and Natural Heritages sites. As a result of opening-up and reform， China's modernization drive is surging （forging） ahead， and the cities and the country are experiencing （undergoing） daily changes. The ancient glory of China and its modern boom add radiance （glory） and charm to each other， joining to create ideal conditions for developing domestic and international tourism.
社会主义市场经济体制改革
中国在相当长时间内1曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进2，过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制，被逐步解除。这3就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。一方面4，广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放，特别是5数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落，进入城市，特别是5沿海地区，数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥；另一方面4，规模庞大的国有资产得以盘活，数万亿元的民间资本得以形成，5000亿美元的境外资本得以流入。这种资本和劳动的结合，就在中国960万平方公里的国土上，演进着6人类历史上规模极为宏大的工业化和城市化。
Restructuring toward the Socialist Market Economy
For quite some time in the past1， China had a structure of
highly-centralized planned economy. [Highly-centralized planned economy characterized China for quite some time in the past1.] With deepening restructuring toward the socialist market economy and progress in the development of democratic politics2， there was gradual lifting of the former improper restrictions （Reorganization of the economy along socialist lines and a flowering of democracy in politics2 brought a loosening of the former improper restrictions）， visible and invisible，on people’s freedom in choice of occupation， mobility， enterprise，investment， information， travel， faith and life styles. This3 has brought extensive and profound changes never seen before in China’s history. （The depth and width of those changes3 are unique in Chinese history.） On the one hand， the enthusiasm of the work force in both city and countryside has been set free. （Hitherto untapped sources of enthusiastic energy among urban and rural workforces were released.） In particular， hundreds of millions of farmers are now able to leave their old villages and move into towns and cities， especially，（Farmers by the hundreds of millions could now immigrate into the cities， in particular） Tens of millions of intellectuals are now able to bring their talent and creativity into full play. （Intellectuals by the tens of millions were now at liberty to utilize their abilities to the full.）On the other hand （At the same time）4， the massive assets owned by the state can now be revitalized， the private capital pool in the amount of trillions of yuan can take shape， and more than 500 billion US dollars worth of overseas capital can flow in. This combination of capital and labor results in （is creating） a drama of industrialization and
urbanization of a size unprecedented in human history （on a scale unparalleled in human history） being staged on the 9.6 million square kilometers of land called China （--a drama/saga being played out on the 9.6 million-square-kilometer stage called China.）6 those in coastal areas.5 in the coastal areas54
中美贸易
谈到中美贸易问题1，首先要看到一个最基本的事实，这就是25年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨大的发展。从1979年的不足25亿美元，发展到今天的1000多亿美元，增长了几十倍2。
25年前，也许谁也不曾想到，中美经贸合作能有今天3这样大的规模。今天，美国在华投资设立企业5超过4万家，实际投资4达到430亿美元。美国500强企业中，已有400多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚6。麦当劳、肯德基遍及中国大小城市。微软、英特尔、摩托罗拉、柯达、通用汽车等美国驰名品牌的商品畅销中国市场。与此同时，在美国的市场上，许多中国商品7受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立企业超过700家。
China-US trade
When talking about China-US trade1， we should not overlook （ignore/neglect） one fundamental （basic） fact； that is， in the past 25 years， two-way （reciprocal） trade has expanded enormously （experienced/undergone a tremendous expansion）. From a mere （merely）2.5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today， the increase is dozens of times2.
No one in his wildest imagination could have forecast
（predicted/expected） 25 years ago the magnitude （scope/size） of today’s3China-US trade and economic relations [of today]3. （Twenty-five years ago the scope of today’s China-US trade and economic connections would have been beyond our wildest imaginings.） With over 40，000 US-invested enterprises， the paid-in value of （the total） US investment in China （now）4， 5， and most of them are making a handsome profit6. The McDonald’s and KFC chain stores are found （chains are） in almost every Chinese city， large or small. Products bearing such famous American trademarks （brands） as Microsoft， Intel， Motorola，
Kodak and GM sell quickly on the Chinese market. At the same time， many items of Chinese merchandise（exceeded） 700.7 have become favored
choices of US consumers. The number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the US has surpassed more than 400 have come to China stands at 43 billion US dollars. Of the top 500 US companies
中美贸易互补
中美贸易之所以能迅速发展，根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性，很大程度上来自两国经济资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家，市场广阔，发展迅速，劳动力成本低，但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。美国是最大的发达国家，经济总量大，资本充足，科技发达，但劳动力成本高。这种差异性和互补性，将在今后长期存在，在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。我认为，这就是中美贸易能够持续快速发展的客观基础。
Complementary Sino-US Trade
The reason for such rapid growth in China-US trade is， in the final analysis， the high degree to which the economies complement each other （the high degree of complementarity of the two economies）. This neat fit， to a large extent， stems from （This comfortable fit arises largely from） their （big） differences in economic resources， economic structures and consumption levels. China is the world's largest developing country with a huge market， fast development and low labor costs， but short of capital and relatively backward in technology and management skills. （As the world's largest developing country， China offers a vast market， rapid development and inexpensive labor. But it is lacking in capital as well as technological and managerial sophistication.） On the other hand， the US is the world's largest developed country， big in economic size， with abundant capital （abundant in capital）， and advanced in science and technology. （In contrast is the US， the largest developed nation on earth， with a vast economy，an immense pool of capital and at the cutting edge in science and technology.） But the cost of labor in the US is high （labor is costly）. These diverse yet interlocking qualities （Such diversity and complementarity） will remain for a long time （are unlikely to change in the near future）， and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization （and will probably have a more important role in the continuing economic globalization）. This， in my view， is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade.
人民币汇率
人民币汇率改革最早起于11994年。我们当时确定的机制是以市场供求为基础，单一的、有管理的浮动汇率。有人说2，人民币汇率固定不变，这不是事实3。浮动的幅度小，这是事实。1994年到现在，人民币实际对美元升值了18.5%，对欧元升值39.4%。1997年亚洲发生金融风暴后4，我们顶住了要求人民币贬值的压力。从那个时候起5，人民币浮动幅度6小了。我认为一个国家的7汇率制度应该从这个国家的国情出发，依据它的经济和金融发展状况来决定。毋庸讳言，我们金融改革的任务还十分艰巨，我们在1996年才实行经常项目下的人民币可兑换，但8是实行资本项目下的人民币完全可兑换，还需要长时间的艰苦努力。
The Exchange Rate of Renminbi
We [first] began1 reforming our exchange rate regime （system） in 1994. It was decided at that time that we would adopt （opt for/choose）a market-based， single， regulated floating exchange rate regime. Some people claim （Critics complain that）2 the value of the renminbi （RENMINBI） is fixed and has not changed. This does not square with （is not inconformity with） the facts. （The facts prove otherwise.3） I think
it would be more accurate to say that the band of fluctuation of the renminbi is （quite） narrow. Since 1994， the renminbi has appreciated in real terms by （has registered gains of） 18.5 percent against the U.S. dollar and by 39.4 percent against the Euro. In 1997， during the Asian financial crisis，（During the Asian financial crisis of 1997） 4 we withstood （resisted） pressures for renminbi devaluation and since then5，the band of fluctuation（the value of the renminbi has fluctuated only within narrow limits）.6 of the value of the renminbi has been [quite] narrow
The exchange rate of a country’s currency （the currency of a country）7 should be set （determined） in accordance with （according to） its national conditions and the state of its economic and financial sector. There is no denying we still face very daunting （formidable） tasks in financial and banking reform. We already allowed our currency to be freely convertible in （under） the current account in 1996， but8it will take a long time（a very long period of time） and arduous （substantial） efforts before we can achieve the objective （attain the goal） of a freely convertible currency in the capital account.
金融体制改革
金融体制改革1是我们经济体制改革的重头戏2。中国金融体系存在许多问题，最主要的就是银行不良贷款比例较高，存在3着很大的金融隐患4。主要原因在于体制，必须加快对银行体制的改革。我们的目标是建立现代银行制度，使银行能够成为自主经营、自负盈亏、真正的商业银行。我们5要创造条件实行银行公司治理结构的改造，6实行股份制，具备条件的，允许上市。我们要加强金融机构对中小企业、特别是民营企业的支持。应该承认，在这方面做的是不够的。中小企业特别是民营企业对于吸纳劳动力、解决就业7问题可以发挥重要作用。我们要在加强监管、防范风险的同时加大银行对他们的扶持力度。
Financial Reform
Financial reform1is the most difficult and the most crucial part2of our overall economic reforms. （The most complex， yet the most vital2 of our broad economic reforms is financial reform1.） The financial sector in China has been plagued by3 many （numerous） problems. The biggest problem （The most serious one） is the fairly high proportion of
non-performing loans （bad debts） from banks. There exists significant risk4. The problem is caused by defects in the system. So we have to accelerate the reform of the banking system. Our aim is to put in place （establish/found/set up） a modern banking system whereby （so that）the banks will be commercial banks in a true sense， responsible for their own operation decisions and for their profits and losses. On our part，we5will help create conditions （foster an environment） that facilitate （s） corporate governance among banks through6the share-holding system.
Those that meet the conditions （comply with the requirements） can go public （be listed/be launched on the stock market）.
We must also strengthen financial assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises and privately-run enterprises
（undertakings/companies/businesses）7. We have to admit （confess） that not enough has been done in this field （too little has been done in this area）， even though the small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in creating job opportunities8. So while we step up regulation （supervision） and improve our capability to avoid financial risks （hazards）， we should make sure that the banks （would） provide them with more financing.
阿根廷债务危机对中国的警示
阿根廷的经济崩溃提供了重要的教训。首先，阿根廷惊讶地发现，流入发展中国家的大量资本主要是由国际环境决定的，而并非取决于地方经济的表现。国家可以通过合理管理其经济来增加它们分得资本的数量，但是富国的情况总是更为重要，而它们是难以预测的。由于中国目前享受着可观的外国投资流入，这是一个尤为重要的教训。
中国目前储备金丰富而外债较低，在很长时间内还不会被阿根廷的问题困扰。然而，仍存在很多理由为将来可能发生的金融危机而担忧。例如，在接下来的几年内，中国将开放其国内市场进行贸易往来，并整顿其银行。
中国进行调整，以适应新的贸易格局和资本外逃，几乎可以肯定中国的内外债务水平将迅速增长。
An Alert for China from Argentina's Debt Crisis
The Argentine economic collapse has important lessons [to teach]. （The example of Argentina's economic disaster is instructive.） First，Argentina learned to its surprise that the volume of capital flowing to developing countries is determined primarily by global conditions， not by local economic performance. （Argentina was shocked to
discover/realize/learn that global conditions rather than local economic performance determine the amounts of capital flowing to developing countries） Countries can increase their share of this capital by managing their economies well， but conditions in the rich countries will always matter more （be the decisive/deciding factor）， and these are hard to predict. Because China now enjoys significant foreign investment inflows，this is a particularly important lesson. （This lesson is critically important to China， the recipient of huge sums in foreign investment.）With its huge reserves and low external debt， China today is a long way from suffering from the problems of Argentina. （Substantial reserves and minimal external debt protect China against financial catastrophes of the kind that hit/gripped Argentina.） There are nonetheless many reasons to be concerned about the possibility of future financial crises （Nevertheless， vigilance is needed to avoid future monetary problem）.
Over the next few years， for example， China will open its domestic markets to trade and clean up its banks （reform/reorganize the banking systems）.
“三农”问题
“三农”（农业、农村、农民）问题，关系我国改革开放和现代化建设全局1，任何时候都不能忽视和放松2。近几年，农业综合生产能力3再创新高，有力地支持了国民经济发展和社会稳定。同时，也出现了农产品供过于求、价格下跌、农民收入增长缓慢等问题4。如果不改变这种状况，就会严重挫伤农民积极性，动摇农业的基础地位，甚至危及国民经济全局5。我们坚持把加强农业、发展农村经济、增加农民收入，作为经济工作的重中之重，下了很大功夫6。
我们推进了农业结构调整。通过政策支持、加强信息服务和技术服务7，引导农民按照市场需求8调整种植结构，发展畜牧业和水产养殖业，推进农业生产区域布局调整。
Agriculture， Rural areas and Farmers
Problems1facing agriculture， rural areas and farmers have a crucial bearing on the country’s reform， opening up and modernization drive，（Crucial to the nation’s reform， opening up and modernization thrust are the problems1 facing agriculture， rural areas and farmers，） and we should never overlook （ignore） them（relax） our efforts to address （solve） them2. The productive capacity3 of our agriculture has reached a new high in recent years （Agricultural production3achieved an all-time high in the last few years.）， providing powerful support for our [national] economic development （advances） and social stability. Meanwhile，problems have arisen （surfaced）4， including oversupply of agricultural products （farm produce） coupled with （along with） price drops （falling prices）and slow increases in farmers’ income. Such a state of affairs （These circumstances）， if allowed to remain unchanged （if not remedied）， would [seriously] dampen farmers’ enthusiasm （adversely affect farmers’ willingness） to produce， undermine （disrupt） the very foundations of agriculture， and may even threaten the [overall] health of the national economy （and may even weaken the national economy）5. We gave top priority to 6 agricultural development， rural economy and an increase in （increasing）farmers’ income in our economic work， and devoted a great deal of attention to them（We gave much attention and top priority to6 agricultural development， rural economy， and farm income increases.）6. or slacken
We advanced （pushed forward/moved forward） structural readjustment in agriculture. Through （By means of） policy support and improved information and technical services7， the government guided farmers to grow crops according to market demand8， develop animal husbandry and aquatic farming and readjust the location of agricultural producing areas.
汉英翻译题库（二）
发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-14 11:34 共421人浏览[大] [中] [小] 农业结构调整
我们大力推广了“公司加农户”、“订单农业”等农业产业化经营的方式1，带动千家万户农民进入市场。同时，抓住粮食供给充足的有利时机，实施退耕还林，2既促进了农业结构调整，又直接增加了农民收入。在农业结构调整3中，坚持因地制宜，不搞行政命令，尊重农民意愿。
我们还引导了农村劳动力合理有序流动。农村富余4劳动力向非农产业和城镇转移，是工业化和现代化的必然趋势。我们坚持实施城镇化战略，积极稳妥地发展小城镇5。支持农民进城务工就业，清理和纠正对农民工的歧视性政策和乱收费，6保护他们的合法权益，同时加强引导和管理7。以城市繁荣带动农村发展，促进城乡地区协调发展8，是新形势下解决“三农”问题的重要途径。
Readjusting Agricultural Structure
Energetic （Vigorous/Great） efforts were made to extend （advance/promote）“companies plus households”，“production on orders”and other methods of industrialized agricultural production1（methods of industrialized agricultural production such as “companies plus households”， and “production on orders”）1and help large numbers of farmers to enter （join） the market. At the same time， we took advantage of the abundance of grain to return more farmland to forests （to afforest more farmland）. These efforts2 have stimulated the restructuring of agriculture and [directly] increased farmers’ income. In readjusting （adjusting） [the] agricultural structure3， the government took a flexible approach in light of local conditions， refrained from dictating （issuing） orders and respected the wishes of farmers （took into consideration the far mers’ wishes）.
We also provided （gave） guidance to ensure （guarantee） a rational and orderly movement （migration） of rural labor. Surplus （Redundant/Idle）4rural labor moving to non-agricultural industries and to cities and towns is an inevitable trend in industrialization and modernization. In implementing （carrying out/executing） our urbanization strategy， we have made vigorous yet cautious efforts （brisk yet careful attempts/endeavors） to develop small cities and towns （urban centers）5. We encouraged farmers to take up temporary or permanent jobs in cities and protected （guarded） their [legitimate] rights and interests by rectifying （correcting） policy discrimination （the discriminatory policies） and unauthorized collection of dues from farmer-laborers （them） 6. At the same time （Meanwhile/In the meantime/Concurrently）， we stepped up （strengthened/intensified）
guidance and management of these matters （in those areas） 7. Given the new circumstances in the country， sweeping （widespread） rural development driven （propelled） by prosperity in cities and coordinated development of both urban and rural areas （coordinated rural-urban progress） 8may provide an important way of resolving the problems facing our agriculture， rural areas and farmers.
扶持农业发展
我们必须加大对农业的支持力度。采取符合世贸组织规则的措施，努力维护农民利益。增加对农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善生产生活条件和生态环境。重点支持节水灌溉、人畜饮水、农村沼气、农村水电、乡村道路和草场围栏等设施建设。要在农业科研、技术推广、病虫害防治、信息咨询和农民培训等方面加强对农业的支持。特别要加大对粮食主产区的支持力度。改进金融对农业的服务。深化农村信用社改革。进一步搞好农村扶贫开发，多渠道增加扶贫资金，扩大以工代赈规模。加大对灾区和特困地区的支持，减免农、牧业税，并真正落到实处。积极帮助农村特困户和优抚对象解决实际困难。
Support Agriculture
We must support agriculture more effectively. We need to adopt measures that conform to the WTO rules （We should employ methods consistent with WTO regulations） and [effectively] safeguard （protect）the interests of Chinese farmers. We should increase investment in agriculture and rural infrastructure to improve production and living conditions in the countryside and the ecological environment there. （We must spend more on agriculture and rural infrastructure to ameliorate problems in production， living conditions and the ecology.） Emphasis should be placed on （Focus should be on） support for projects of water-conserving irrigation， drinking water， production and use of marsh gas， hydroelectric power generation， rural road building， and grazing land fencing. Support for agriculture should be strengthened in the fields of （More aid for agriculture is needed in） agro-scientific research，dissemination of agricultural techniques， prevention and control of plant diseases， pest control， information consulting and farmer training. More effort should be made to aid the mainly grain-producing areas （regions）. Financial services for agriculture will be improved. We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives. We need to do a better job of poverty alleviation （We should fight poverty more effectively）by encouraging rural development， increasing funding from various sources to aid the poor， and expanding programs that provide jobs for people as an alternative to relief （creating more jobs instead of giving relief）. More efforts should be made to aid disaster-stricken and destitute areas through reduction and exemption of agricultural or stock breeding taxes， and this policy should be carried out （followed） to the letter. Positive efforts should be made to help families [living]
below the poverty line and families designated （selected） for special assistance resolve their practical difficulties （problems）.
基础设施建设
我们加强了基础设施建设。这是在加工工业生产能力过剩的情况下调整结构的必然选择1，既可以消除基础设施的“瓶颈”制约，又可以带动装备制造业等相关行业的发展。在基础设施建设中，坚持了统筹规划、突出重点、合理布局、质量第一。严格控制新上加工工业项目，2防止低水平重复建设。此外，我们大力发展高新技术产业特别是信息产业，积极推进国民经济和社会信息化3。组织实施了1000多项高新技术产业化示范工程，使一批具有自主知识产权的重大科技成果在短期内实现了产业化4。充分发挥高新技术产业开发区和工业园区的作用，积极发展高新技术产业化5服务体系。通过改革开放和加大投入，使我国信息产业实现了跨越式发展。
Infrastructure Development
We strengthened （reinforced） the infrastructure. This was an inevitable choice1in readjusting （adjusting/realigning） the industrial structure when the processing industries had surplus capacity， for （eliminated） bottlenecks but also spurred （stimulated/promoted）growth in equipment manufacturing （in the manufacture of equipment） and other related industries. In developing （shaping） the infrastructure，we followed the principles of unified planning， stress on （focus on）key projects， rational project distribution and high quality. Stringent （strict） control was exercised toblock new projects in the processing industries and （to）2 avoid （rule out） redundancy （reduplication）in low-level development.1 it has not only removed
Moreover， we energetically developed high- and new-tech industries，the IT industry in particular， and vigorously promoted IT application to （promoted the use of IT in）3 our national economy and society. We have carried out more than 1，000 demonstration projects in this regard，enabling us to bring within a short time a number of major proprietary scientific and technological achievements to industrial production4（to launch over a short time a number of proprietary scientific and technological innovations into production4）. The role of high- and new-tech industrial zones and industrial parks was fully exploited （was brought into full play/was given full play）. Vigorous efforts were made to develop service providers for industrial application of high and new technologies （for converting high and new technologies to industrial use）5. Through deeper reform and opening up and greater investment （With deeper reform， opening up and heavier investment） 6， our information industry has advanced by leaps and bounds （made giant steps forward.）.
提升传统工业
我们积极改造和提升了传统工业。采取国债贴息、改进技术改造项目审批等办法，支持重点行业、重点企业、重点产品进行大规模的技术改造和结构调整1。五年全国共完成技术改造投资2.66万亿元，比前五年增长67%2。一批大型企业走出了依靠自身力量提升技术水平、增强竞争能力3的新路子。同时，综合运用经济、法律和必要的5行政手段，以纺织行业为突破口，逐步扩大到煤炭、冶金、建材、石化、制糖等行业，关闭了一大批产品质量低劣、浪费资源、污染严重和不具备安全生产条件6的企业，淘汰了一大批落后设备、技术和工艺，压缩了部分过剩生产能力。
Upgrade Traditional Industries
We worked actively to renovate and upgrade traditional industries. We supported massive technological renovation （a huge technological overhaul） and structural readjustment （restructuring）1 in key industries， key enterprises and key product lines by allowing （granting）interest discounts on treasury bond loans and simplifying the clearance procedures （simplifying the examining and approving
procedure/streamlining paperwork） for technological transformation projects. In these five years （Over the past five years）， technological transformation projects with a total investment of 2.66 trillion yuan were completed， 67% over the figure for the previous five years （a 67% increase over the previous five years）2. Many large enterprises upgraded （modernized） their technology and increased their competitiveness （sharpened their competitive edge/enhanced their ability to compete）3through self-reliance and strenuous efforts. At the same time， starting with the textile industry and gradually moving to the coal，metallurgical， building material， petrochemical， sugar refining and other industries4（to coal mining， metallurgy， building materials，petrochemicals and sugar refining4）， we used economic， legal and [necessary]5 administrative measures to close a large number of enterprises that produced shoddy （poor-quality） goods， wasted，seriously polluted the environment （caused serious pollution） or were unsafe for production （failed to meet/ disregarded safety requirements）6. This eliminated large quantities of old equipment and many obsolete （aged/out-of-date） technologies and production processes （methods），and reduced （cut） excessive （surplus） production capacity. resources
中国软件业的长足发展
中国硬件业的发展取得了举世瞩目的成功。在过去的五年中，中国的个人电脑销售额年增长率约为40%，成为亚洲地区乃至世界的一颗耀眼的明星。
过去的五年中，中国的软件业虽然也得到了发展，但从目前正在使用的计算机数量看来，软件业并未达到预期的增长。与同一地区的其它国家相比，在中国，每台计算机的软件收入低得惊人。而这却是衡量某个市场的软件业发展健康与否的一个重要标准。
中国软件业发展的主要挑战来自盗版软件的泛滥。盗版是软件业所面临的一个全球性问题，没有一个国家能够幸免。
中国政府已经采取措施，加强法律制度、进一步明确并有效执行各种程序，为软件业的生存创造更加健康的环境。在不久的将来，中国软件业有望得到更快发展。
Toward a Robust Chinese Software Industry
The growth of the hardware industry in China is a worldwide success story. （China's thriving hardware industry is a success story recognized throughout the world.） With annual growth in PC sales of 40% over the past five years， China is the star of the Asian region and one of the bright lights around the world （and also a bright star in the global galaxy）.
While the software industry in China has also grown over the past five years， it has not seen the level of growth one would expect， given the number of PCs in use. （In the past five years growth of the Chinese software industry， though steady， has not been in proportion to the number of PCs.） Software revenue per PC， one measure of the health of the software industry in a market， is particularly （surprisingly） low in China compared to other countries in the region.
The primary challenge to the development of the software industry in China is rampant software piracy. （Unrestrained software piracy continues as the primary challenge to progress in China's software industry.） Piracy is a worldwide concern of the software industry， and no country is immune.
Fortunately， the Chinese government has taken steps to create a healthier environment for the software industry to survive， including stronger laws and regulations， clearer and more effective enforcement procedures. Thus the Chinese software industry is likely to develop faster in the near future.
解决13亿人的问题，不能靠别人，只能靠自己。中华人民共和国成立以来，我们的建设取得了很大成就，同时也走了一些弯路，失去了一些机遇。从1978年开始改革开放，我们终于找到了一条发展自己的正确道路。这就是：中国人民独立自主地建设中国特色的社会主义。
这条道路的精髓，就是调动一切积极因素，解放和发展生产力，尊重和保障中国人民追求幸福的自由。
中国的改革开放，从农村到城市，从经济领域到政治、文化、社会领域。它的每一步深入，说到底，都是为了放手让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竞相迸发，让一切创造社会财富的源泉充分涌流。
We can rely on no one except ourselves to resolve the problems facing our 1.3 billion people. Since the founding of the People’s Republic，we have achieved much in our national reconstruction； at the same time
we have made a few detours and missed some opportunities. By 1978， with the adoption of the reform and opening-up policies， we had ultimately found the right path of development - the Chinese people’s path of independently building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
The essence of this path is to mobilize all positive factors，emancipate and develop the productive forces， and respect and protect the freedom of the Chinese people to pursue happiness.
China’s reform and opening-up have spread from rural areas to the cities， from the economic field to the political， cultural and social arenas. Each and every step forward is designed， in the final analysis，to release the gushing vitality of labor， knowledge， technology，managerial expertise and capital， and allow all sources of social wealth to flow to the fullest extent.
全球变暖
科学家与环保人士担心全球变暖的问题1。使用化石燃料（如石油、煤）2
或大面积砍伐森林3，是地球大气“温室气体”不断增加的两大因素。这些气体所吸收的热能4越来越多，最终将改变天气型态、造成海平面与海洋温度的上升5，以及形成有害于植物、野生动物和人类栖息地的气候反常5。
虽然科学界对全球变暖的影响程度尚有歧见，但若人类对温室效应造成的危险置之不理，无异于玩火自焚6。为避免温室效应加剧，从个人角度来看7我们可以做的就是降低对化石燃料的依赖、减少用电，并采取最不耗损自然资源的生活方式。在政府这个层面，世界大部份的工业化国家8，已在一九九七年所签定的京都议定书中，宣誓将做到气体排放减量。
Global Warming
Scientists and environmentalists are concerned about global warming1. The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal2and the deforestation of large areas （large-scale deforestation）3 are the two major factors behind rising levels of “greenhouse gases”in the Earth’s atmosphere. As these gases retain more and more heat energy （When these gases trap more heat4）， the eventual results （consequences） will be altered weather patterns， an increase in sea levels and ocean temperatures5， and disruptive climate changes that affect the habitats of plants， wildlife and humans （climate changes， rising sea levels and temperatures5， and weather that disrupts human， wildlife and plant habitats）.
Although there is disagreement within the scientific community about the extent of global warming， humans would be playing with fire6 if we were to ignore the danger it poses （its dangers）（humans would put themselves at great risk6 if they ignored the danger it signals.）As individuals7，we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels， use less electricity and adopt lifestyles that minimize the use
（reduction/degradation） of natural resources （We can cut back on the use of fossil fuels， limit electricity consumption， and live in a way that spares natural resources.）. On the governmental level7， most of
the world’s8 industrialized nations have pledged to cut gas emissions under the Kyoto Agreement in 1997. （The governments of most industrialized nations8 are signatories to the 1997 Kyoto
Protocol/Accord， which binds them to reduce gas emissions.）
解决水资源短缺
中国与其他国家所不同的是她史无前例的发展步伐。1世界上还有哪个地方一幢幢高楼似乎几乎2在一夜间就冒了出来？此外，2008年的奥运会使北京尤其要面对更多的土建工程与人口流入问题。北京的水资源已极为紧张，3曾作为北京主要水源的密云水库水位已经很低，面临危机4，水质也有所下降，每年城市的地下水位也在明显降低。这不仅使水的储量承受更大的压力，而且会引起城市下沉，因为强度变弱的地表越来越难以支撑不断增加的城市重量。因此，无论是从经济角度还是环保角度5，我们都有充分的理由从现在开始就要矫正6北京的水短缺与污染状况，7而不要到了真的为时已晚时再行动。
Rectifying Water Shortage
What makes China different from the rest of the world （What sets China apart from other countries） is its unprecedented pace （rate） of development—1where else in the world do new highrises seem to sprout up （shoot up） [virtually]2overnight？ On top of this （Moreover）， there are the additional construction and the population influx that Beijing in particular will face because of the 2008 Olympics （and more people are coming to Beijing because of the 2008 Olympics）. Beijing’s water supply is already under grave stress （Beijing’s ability to supply water is already severely strained）：3the Miyun Reservoir， source of much of the city’s water in the past （which previously supplied much of the city’s water）， is critically low4 and the quality of its water is declining （deteriorating）. The city’s ground/underground water table also drops markedly every year （There is also a severe annual drop in the city’s ground/underground water table）. This not only puts further pressure on water quantity， but also causes the city to sink， as the weakening ground becomes less and less able to support the growing city’s weight （bear the weight of urban growth）. Thus， there are strong economic and environmental5 reasons for rectifying6Beijing’s water shortage and pollution now， before it is too late （Therefore/Accordingly， powerful economic and environmental factors recommend rectification6of pollution and water shortages in Beijing—7before it is too late）.
城市中的绿洲
走在人声鼎沸、高楼耸立的城市里，大楼帷幕玻璃在阳光里闪闪发亮。这些巨大的建筑物曾经是进步与繁荣的象征，不过在环保人士的眼里可不是如此。建筑物的玻璃窗会吸收大量的能量，进而增加室内的温度，也带来了高额的电费。随着世界各国对节约能源投以越来越多的关注，建筑师也渐渐地将环保理念融入设计中。
广泛使用集热的太阳能板，也被视为“绿色建筑”的下一波大事。太阳能板可收集太阳生成的热能，以提供灯具或其他家用电器的电力。在大家对化石燃料是否有耗尽的一天仍然争论不休之际，风力和c也被认为是很好的替代能源。
An Oasis in the City
Walking （Strolling） down the buzzing （busy） streets of a big city，with a wall of skyscrapers towering over （above） you， their all-glass facades （fronts） seem to shimmer （shine） under （in） the sun. These mammoth （massive） structures were once a symbol of （symbolized）progress and prosperity. No longer （Not any more）—at least in the eyes of environmentally conscious people. The buildings' glazed windows absorb a tremendous amount of energy， and tend to significantly raise the mercury of the interiors （soak up massive amounts of energy and raise indoor temperatures noticeably）. That translates into a fat electricity bill. （That in turn sends electricity bills higher.） With growing concern about energy conservation the world over， more and more architects have tried to incorporate environmentalism into their designs. （As the world becomes increasingly sensitive to energy saving， growing numbers of architects have sought to design with the environment in mind.）
The use of solar panels， which collect the sun's energy （capture energy from the sun） to power lights and other electrical appliances， has been widely touted （praised） as the next big thing in green buildings （environmentally-friendly buildings）. As the debate over the potential exhaustion of fossil fuels rages on， wind and thermal power are also considered good alternatives （offer viable alternatives）.
发展高新技术
高新技术是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志1，是推动人类社会发展进步的强大动力。知识的不断创新和科技的突飞猛进，不仅极大地推动了全球经济的发展，并越来越深刻地2改变和丰富了人们的生活。
中国的科技发展离不开世界，世界科技的进步也需要中国3。中国已经加入世界贸易组织，正以全方位开放的积极姿态，积极4融身于全球化浪潮之中。作为国际高科技领域的一支重要力量，中国将以其丰富的科技和知识资源，更加广泛和深入地开展5国际高新技术领域的交流与合作，6努力为世界科技发展和人类进步事业做出更大的贡献。
Developing High and New Technology
High and new technology is the main embodiment and symbol of （represents）1 cutting-edge （up-to-date） productivity and a strong driving force for the progress of human society （and provides the power behind progress in our society）. Constant innovation of knowledge and rapid progress in science and technology have substantially promoted （propelled） global economic development， and changed and enriched people’s life in a [more and more] profound （deeper）2 way.
Science and technology development in China is inseparable from that in the rest of the world， and the progress of world science and technology also needs China’s contribution （and the latter also needs the former’s contribution/ the rest of the world needs China’s contribution）3. As a WTO member （Now that China has joined the WTO/Because of its accession to the WTO）， China is actively4 moving with the tide of globalization with [a positive stance of]4all-around opening up. As an important force in the international high-tech field （area/realm）， China will bring into play its rich resources in （of） science， technology and knowledge，conduct broader and deeper exchanges and cooperation（China will bring into play its rich resources in science， technology and knowledge to expand and deepen5 exchanges in the international high-tech area， thus contributing）6further to global science and technology development7and human progress.5 in the international high-tech area and contribute6 further to the cause of world science and technology development7and human progress.
庆祝神舟五号成功发射
2003年10月15日上午9时，中国的航天计划又前进了一步：神舟五号载人飞船在全国人民万众瞩目之下升空。每个中国人都兴高采烈1，全世界聚焦甘肃酒泉2。毫无疑问，对任何中国人、亚洲人而言，神舟五号的升空都是值得欢庆的。一个亚洲的发展中国家变成了空间大国，跻身能将人发射到太空3的大国俱乐部1。我同千千万万的留学生一样为中国的这一历史4时刻充满自豪4。我们中国人为神舟五号而骄傲，这是理所当然的6。同时我们还必须指出，中国的航天事业也将促进7各国的科技交流，促进7世界和平。
In Celebration of the Launch of Shenzhou V
China took a step forward in its space programme （China’s space programme made a great leap forward） at 9 a.m. on October 15 when， with the entire nation watching， its first manned space flight （spaceship）Shenzhou V blasted into space （blasted off）. Every Chinese was elated （thrilled） 1， and Jiuquan， the Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China’s Gansu Province2， became the focus of global attention （the center of worldwide interest）. For any Chinese or Asian， the successful launch of Shenzhou V spaceship （Shenzhou V’s successful launch） is doubtless a cause for jubilation （celebration）. A developing Asian nation has become a space power and joined the elite （exclusive） club of nations that have sent a man into space 3. Like thousands of overseas Chinese students， I was flushed with pride5over this historic4moment for China. We Chinese are justifiably （rightfully）6proud of Shenzhou V. Meanwhile，we should point out that the Chinese space programme will also promote/contribute to7 scientific and technological exchanges among nations and （to） the world peace.
蝶徙千里，令人称奇
帝王蝶通常要花2个月的时间才能从美国到达墨西哥。5个月后的春天，它们又飞回北方。然而，没有一只蝴蝶能完成整个往返的旅程。它们总是在迁徙的沿路产卵，继而死去。仅仅春季返回北方的旅程就要耗费3代蝴蝶的生命。这一年的第四代即最后一代会在初秋出生，并最终到达北方的目的地。但是此后，只经过极短暂的停留，又不得不开始前往墨西哥的漫长旅程。这些蝴蝶最让人惊奇的是它们总能回到自己曾祖父母曾在墨西哥过冬时栖息的那棵树。以往的研究证明这些小昆虫把太阳当作指南针，为它们指路。但科学家仍无法确定它们怎样随着太阳位置的改变而调整自己的方向。一项最新研究表明它们其实是将自身的生理节奏钟与太阳结合起来判断方向。
Butterfly Travels Amazingly Long Distances
It usually takes the Monarch Butterflies two months to fly from America to Mexico. （Monarch Butterflies usually take two months to complete the journey from America to Mexico.） After a five-month stay，they head back north （they start their return flight north） in the spring.
But not one butterfly finishes the whole round-trip. （Not a single butterfly lives through the round trip.） They lay eggs along the way （on the way/en route） and die.
Three generations of butterflies will [live and] die during the spring journey alone. The fourth and final generation of the year is born in early autumn and will reach the north. But it hardly gets to rest before starting the long journey south to Mexico. （But it has little time for rest before the long flight south to Mexico begins.）
The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the [very] same tree in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before （occupied the previous winter）.
Past studies have shown （Research demonstrated） that the insects use the sun as （like） a compass to show them the way （to guide them）. But experts were unsure （uncertain） how the butterflies change （alter）their direction as the sun moves [in the sky]. This new study shows （proves） that the insects （butterflies） use a body “circadian” clock as part of their sun compass.
中国科学家克隆大熊猫指日可待
近日，中国一位首席科学家在华东福建省福州市宣布1，中国很快可实现成功克隆素有“地球活化石”之称的大熊猫2。据中国科学院动物研究所克隆大熊猫研究小组首席科学家3陈大元教授透露，若植入的大熊猫胚胎能够在异种动物体内4全程发育，即可实现成功地克隆珍贵的大熊猫5。成功克隆大熊猫将在拯救濒危灭绝动物方面迈出一大步。统计数据显示，现存的6野生大熊猫总数不到1000只，能排出成熟卵子的雌性大熊猫7还不到100只。专家称由于现存大熊猫种群太小8且很难获得受体卵细胞，进行同种克隆不太现实，因此有必要开展异种克隆技术研究。
1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。 2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission 译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。 3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。 4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. 译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。 6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp. 译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。 7. The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer．The more cigarettes smoked by the husband，the greater the threat faced by his non．smoking wife． 译文：这项研究表明，妻子不抽烟丈夫抽烟，妻子的肺癌的危险性比一般人大的多。丈夫抽的烟越多，妻子受到的威胁也就越大。 8. For the first time in the annals of space, a piloted ship had succeeded in launching an earth satellite. 译文：载人飞船成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星，这在航天史上尚属首次。 9. The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. 译文：家务事的第一个特点，是反反复复。几乎天天都有，而且做完之后，过一段时间又要重做一番。 10. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.
2011年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题 I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.) 1. A nations greatest wealth is the industry of its people. A.一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。 B.一个国家最大的财富就是人民的勤劳。 C.一个民族最大的财富就是人民的工业。 D.一个民族最大的财富就是民众的兴旺。 2. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. A.科学家们确实知道煤是怎样形成的，但要是问他们石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。 B.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。 C.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油是怎样形成的，似乎就不那么确信了。 D.科学家们确实知道煤的形成，但要是问他们石油的形成时，似乎就不那么有把握了。 3. I wasnt their enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was their ally. A.在事实上或感情上，我不是他们的敌人。我是他们的盟友。 B.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或感情上。我是他们的盟友。 C.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或者在感情上，而是他们的盟友。
【英语】高三英语翻译试题经典及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2．将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) 【答案】 1．I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2．It’s up to you what kind of life will lead in the future. 3．There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme. 4．Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5．While modern society, rich in material resources,has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers. 【解析】试题分析： 1．翻译这句话的时候，注意词组：be ac customed to doing“习惯于做……”。 2．这句话使用了句型：It’s up to you +从句，“做….由某人决定”。这里what kind of life will lead in the future.是主语从句，it是形式主语。 3．这句话使用了There be句型， nothing 后面是形容词做定语，因为是比较的含义用形容词的比较级more exciting，还有词组“被允许做”be allowed to ，以及词组“参加”：take part in 。 4．这句话使用了for fear that 引导目的状语从句，和词组“让某人不要做……”ask sb. not to do. 5．这句话使用了连词While 表示“尽管，虽然”。词组“富含”be rich in ，主句中使用了词组turn…. into …..“将…变成…”。 考点：考查翻译句子 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．这场因无视规则引发的事故值得我们深思。(ignore) _________________________ 2．梦想还是要有的，但不努力就不可能实现。(unless) _________________________ 3．正是这次经历才让我明白，我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐。(It) _________________________ 4．当前有一个非常令人费解的现象:一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上，也不愿
The Three New Y orks E. B. White There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuters ——the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last ——the city of final destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York's high-strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness, natives give it solidarity and continuity, but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference: each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. 三方面看纽约 大致上可以从三个方面解读纽约。首先,出生在这里的纽约的男人或女人,他们把这座城市作为理所当然的存在并认为它的规模和动荡是自然和不可避免的。第二,有纽约的上班族——这个城市每天白天像被蝗虫吞噬进去然后每天晚上吐了出来。第三,出生在其他地方的纽约人带着追求来到纽约。 这三类纽约人中,最伟大的是最后一类人——纽约是对于他们是最终归宿的城市和目标与机遇的城市。是第三类人对纽约的紧张的秉性、诗人的涵养、对艺术的执着和无与伦比的成就做出了解释。 上班族给纽约带来了潮汐般的坐立不安,当地人给它团结和连续性,但是定居者给它的激情。不管是一个来自意大利农夫为了在贫民窟开设一个杂货店,还是一个来自密西西比州的年轻姑娘为了逃避邻居的对她的偷窥,或者一个来自玉米带的男孩用手提箱带着他的手稿和内心的痛楚,情况都没有什么区别:每个与纽约的拥抱都带着初恋般的激动,每次对纽约的接纳都带着冒险家的新奇目光,每份光和热,足以令爱迪生联合电气公司相形见绌。 英本1004班 王汉朝
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
《英汉翻译》练习题一 一、Phrase Translation（句子翻译） A. Directions：Put the following phrases into Chinese（将下列词语译成汉语）． 1) rural reform （） 2) industrial revolution （） 3) non-governmental sectors （） 4) the International Court of Justice （） 5) Agriculture Department （） 6) encyclopedia （） 7) editorial （） 8) relay race （） 9) vocational school （） 10) the theory of relativity （） 11) to pick and choose ( ) 12) a drugstore ( ) 13) soda fountain ( ) 14) in this fashion ( ) 15) a part-time river ( ) 16) up the river ( ) 17) a summer resort ( ) B. Directions：Put the following phrases into English（将下列词语译成英语）． 1) 经济增长（） 2) 知识经济（） 3) 民族团结（） 4) 官僚主义（） 5) 所有制（）
6) 社会科学（） 7) 期刊（） 8) 世界纪录（） 9) 最高人民法院（） 10) 国营企业（） 11) 现代化建设( ) 12) 专属经济区( ) 13) 可再生能源( ) 14) 合法权益( ) 15) 御花园( ) 16) 故宫博物院( ) 17) 可耕地( ) 二、Multiple Choice Questions（选择题） A. Directions：This part consists of ten sentences．each followed by four different versions labeled A，B，C and D．Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness．1.He thought that directly internal confidence in the regime declines，her financial structure would be in danger．( ) A.他认为，那直接影响着园内对政府的信心下降，它的财歧体制就会出现危机了。 B.他直截了当地认为，国内对政府的信心下降，其财政结构就要出现危机了。 C.他认为，一旦国内对政府的信心下降，她的财政体制就会出现危机。 D．他当时认为，只要政府内部失去信心，其金融结构就会瓦解。 2．Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition 0f body．( ) A．日光和新鲜空气对于身体健康都是不可缺少的。 B．对于健康的身体，日光和新鲜空气一样不可缺少。 C．对于身体健康，日光如新鲜空气一样不可或缺。 D．阳光同新鲜空气一样对于身体的健康不可缺少。 3．Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded
最新七年级英语上册任务型阅读经典例题（word）1 一、七年级英语上册任务型阅读专项目练习（含答案解析） 1．根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 It's June 6. It's Jenny's birthday. She comes home and sees a card on the table. It says, "There is a present for you, Jenny. Go and look for it in your bedroom （卧室）." Jenny runs to her bedroom. She sees a red box on her bed. She opens it. There is another （又一）card in it. Jenny takes it out and reads, "Dear Jenny, I'm your present. My first letter is in 'some', but not in 'come'. My second letter is in 'have', but not in 'save'. My third letter is in 'live', but not in 'love'. My fourth letter is in 'for', but not in 'of '. My fifth letter is in 'take', but not in 'cake'. What am I?" Jenny thinks and then she says, "Aha, I know! But where is it?" Jenny finds （找到） it behind the door. （1）When is Jenny's birthday? （2）What does the card on the table say? （3）What does Jenny see on her bed? （4）What is Jenny's birthday present, do you know? （5）Where is the present? 【答案】（1）It's June 6. （2）It says, "There is a present for you, Jenny. Go and look for it in your bedroom." （3）A red box. （4）A shirt. （5）It's behind the door. 【解析】【分析】文章大意：六月六日是Jenny的生日，她回到家中找生日礼物的故事。（1）根据It's June 6. It's Jenny's birthday.可知Jenny的生日是June 6六月六日，故答案为It's June 6. （2）根据 She comes home and sees a card on the table. It says, "There is a present for you, Jenny. Go and look for it in your bedroom （卧室）." 可知桌子上的卡片上写着的内容，故答案为It says， "There is a present for you, Jenny. Go and look for it in your bedroom." （3）根据She sees a red box on her bed. 可知在她的床上有一个红色的盒子。故答案为A red box。 （4）根据 My first letter is in 'some', but not in 'come'. My second letter is in 'have', but not in 'save'. My third letter is in 'live', but not in 'love'. My fourth letter is in 'for', but not in 'of '. My fifth letter is in 'take', but not in 'cake'. 可知谜底是shirt，衬衣，故答案为A shirt。 （5）根据 Jenny finds （找到） it behind the door. 可知Jenny在门后面找到了它，故答案为It's behind the door. 【点评】考查学生的阅读理解能力，在通读全文的基础上，掌握大意，根据问题在文章中找到具体的依据，锁定答案。 2．根据短文内容，完成表格，每空一词。 John is from London. He is 8 years old this year. His father is a waiter and his mother works on a
黄山学院初等教育学院2008－2009学年度第二学期06级英语班《英语翻译》期末考试卷 班级序号姓名成绩 一、选择题。（请将答案写在序号前面）20% 1. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. A. 许多领域的成功都取决于能否得到最新消息。 B. 田里的收成在很多方面依靠获得最新的消息。 C. 从很多方面讲，成功主要依靠在最后的时刻还能得到信息。 D. 在众多领域里，成功是获得最晚信息的保障。 2. At least three persons died in the fire and 23 others were injured. A. 至少3人因这次火灾和另外23次火灾造成死亡。 B. 起码有3个人在大火中丧命，23个以外的人受伤。 C. 火灾造成至少3人死亡，23人受伤。 D. 至少有3人死于火海，23人被火海包围。 3. Not only has he a first-class brain, but he is also a tremendously hard worker. A. 在一班，他不仅是头领，而且，也是一个非常严肃的工作者。 B. 他有一流的头脑，是个非常难对付的家伙。 C. 他不仅头脑好用，而且，还喜欢做极端困难的工作。 D. 他不仅头脑非常聪明，而且，工作上也非常勤奋。 4. It is reported that some areas of Australia have had no rain for more than four years. A. 有报道说，澳大利亚地区已经4年多没下雨了。 B. 据报道，澳大利亚的部分地区有4年多没下雨了。 C. 澳大利亚的个别地方被报道说没下雨的时间已经超过了4年。 D. 报纸报道，某些澳大利亚地区已经有4年多没下雨的时间。 5. The village was named after the high mountain standing in front of it. A. 这个村庄是以矗立在它面前的那座高山命名的。 B. 这个村庄的名字是来自于它面前的那座高山。 C. 这个村庄的名字是在前面的那座高山之后起的。 D. 这个村庄的名字是以站立在它面前的那座高山起的。 6. It was officially announced that the birth rate dropped greatly in the past three years. A. 据官方宣布，出生率在过去的三年中有了大幅下降。 B. 正式宣布，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 C. 正式宣布，出生率大幅下降在过去三年。 D. 据正式声明，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 7. The introduction of the new technique reduced the cost of the product three times. A. 对新技术的介绍，使产品的成本减少到三分之一。 B. 新技术的引进使产品的成本减少了三倍。 C. 对新技术的介绍使产品的成本减少到原来的三分之二。 D. 新技术的引进使产品成本减少了三分之二。 8. If you are buying a car, you may pay for it out of savings. A. 假使你正在买一辆汽车，你也许会透支购买。 B. 如果你要买一辆汽车，你可以用自己的储蓄存款支付。 C. 假定你打算买一辆汽车，你得花掉你得全部存款。 D. 加入你买一辆汽车，你需要用你的积蓄交此款。 9. Full-service banks can offer services unavailable at smaller financial institutions. A. 全面服务的银行能提供在小财政机构所不能获得的服务。 B. 提供全方位服务的银行能提供较小的金融机构所不能提供的服务。 C. 充满了服务的银行可能提供给较小的财政机构某些无法获得的服务 D. 全面服务的银行可能提供服务，这种服务是较小的金融机构所不能提供的。 10. The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position. A. 我们要求应聘高职位的求职者需具备以下资历。 B. 应聘以上职位，需具备下列资格。 C. 候选人为了高职位要求自己具备以下资历。 D. 以下资历是对应聘此职位的候选人的要求。 二、用正反表达法翻译下列句子。20% 1. The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 2. I wonder if he is coming. 3. Your request is beyond my power. 4. You will fail unless you work harder. 5. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 6. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 7. Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 8. The doubt still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 9. Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. 10. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 三、用重复法翻译下列句子。20% 1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 2. It's our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 3. People forget your face first, then your name. 4. Each had his own business to handle. 5. Big families had their own difficulties.
高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一 （英语专业） 英汉翻译教程（三） Part One I.Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each）A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home. A.对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。 B.对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。 C.对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。 D.对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。 2.So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires. A.因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑，并投向史奎尔先生。 B.因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑，并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。 C.因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 D.因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 3. People disappear in that river every year, one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration. A. 这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 B. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 C. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 D. 年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase environmental law ” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2．将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) 【答案】 1．I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2．It’s up to you what kind of life will lead in the future. 3．There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme. 4．Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5．While modern society, rich in material resources,has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers. 【解析】试题分析： 1．翻译这句话的时候，注意词组：be ac customed to doing“习惯于做……”。 2．这句话使用了句型：It’s up to you +从句，“做….由某人决定”。这里what kind of life will lead in the future.是主语从句，it是形式主语。 3．这句话使用了There be句型， nothing 后面是形容词做定语，因为是比较的含义用形容词的比较级more exciting，还有词组“被允许做”be allowed to ，以及词组“参加”：take part in 。 4．这句话使用了for fear that 引导目的状语从句，和词组“让某人不要做……”ask sb. not to do. 5．这句话使用了连词While 表示“尽管，虽然”。词组“富含”be rich in ，主句中使用了词组turn…. into …..“将…变成…”。 考点：考查翻译句子 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy) 2．舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate) 3．经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as) 4．演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar) 5．她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)【答案】
《英汉翻译》期末练习题 Part I: Phrase Translation 01. white elephant无用而累赘的东西 02. fond dream黄粱美梦 03. happy medium 中庸之道 04. narrow escape九死一生 05. north, south, east, west东、南、西、北 06. be at a loss不知所措 07. supreme authority至高无上 08. wet paint油漆未干 09. No Thoroughfare禁止通行 10. Employees Only顾客止步 11. Please Tender Exact Fare恕不找零 12. 20% Off八折优惠 13. catch at shadows捕风捉影 14. look for a needle in a haystack大海捞针 15. between hammer and anvil腹背受敌 16. white lie善意的谎言 17. black sheep害群之马 18. carry coals to Newcastle多此一举 19. be fair and square光明正大 20. share weal and woe患难与共 21. the think tank智囊团 22. personal remark人身攻击 23. French leave不辞而别 24. fish in the air水中捞月 25. a castle in the air空中楼阁 26. shed crocodile tears猫哭耗子 27. play the lute to a cow对牛弹琴 28. hen party妇女聚会 Part II: Sentence Translation 01. She needs to find somewhere to live. 译：她需要找个住的地方。 02. My school runs a factory. 译：我的学校办了一家工厂。 03. He did not die happily. 译：他死得不安乐。 04. He is ignorant to a proverb. 译：他的无知是众所周知的。 05. It is the working people in the capitalist countries who bear the unemployment, heavy taxation and reduced standard of living which these aggressive wars entail. 译：在资本主义国家，是劳动人民忍受着这些由侵略战争所带来的失业、苛捐杂税和下降的生活水平。 06. Their skill as horsemen and archers halted Persian and Macedonian invasion. 译：他们善骑术、精弓箭，所以能够抵御波斯人和马其顿人的进攻。 07. Eczema may be found in all age groups and in both sex.
课程代码：0730090 第 1 页 共 4 页 出卷老师：万小磊 广东******学院 201*-201*学年第二学期期末考核试卷 适用年级、专业或班级：商英****班 考试科目：英汉翻译基础（汉译英） （闭卷）（C 卷） 总分：100分 考试时间：90分钟 一．Fill in the blanks （1 point for each blank ，6 points in total ） 1. 要胜任汉英翻译工作译者必须具备至少三种素养: 深厚的____________,广博的____________和高度的___________。 2. 以下各位分别提出了什么翻译标准? 刘重德___________, 傅雷________, 钱钟书___________。 二. Choose one proper word to fill in the blanks. Use its plural when necessary. （2 points for each blank, 14 points in total ） 1. 心有余而力不足 One’s ability falls short of one’s _________________. 2. 您的建议我会永远铭记在心。I will always bear your advice in_____________. 3. 如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。You’ll hurt her____________if you forget her birthday. 4. 居心叵测 to nurser evil__________________. 5. 得人心者得天下 Those who gain___________________among the people will gain the 系别 班级 学号 姓名 - --------------- ---------- ------- ------- -------- -- - --- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----- - --- - -- -- -装 订 线 - ------- ---- - -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- ----- ---- - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----------------