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常见英语修辞手法

常见英语修辞手法
常见英语修辞手法

常见英文修辞手法(Figures of Speech)

英文的修辞手法种类繁多,功能多样,但总体说来,采用修辞手法,目的是为了使表达生动、形象,有感染力,给人以美感,即实现许渊冲先生所指的的语言的三美:“音美、形美和意美”。

1. figures of comparison: simile, metaphor. (resemblance of two identities) Simile: a figure involves an expressed comparison, always introduced by “like”, “as”or “as if”.

e.g.:

a. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama)

b. Maggie?s hand is as limp as a fish. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama)

Metaphor: the substitution of one thing for another because of the resemblance between them. It is an implied comparison without “as” or “like”. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be used metaphorically.

e.g.:

a. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar)

b. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters? market lie elsewhere in the maze of the vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar)

c. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. (The Trial that Rocked the World)

d. H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him…(The Trial that Rocked the World)

2. Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility.

1)TO inanimate objects(把无生命的物体拟人化)e.g.:

a. The thirsty soil drank in the rain.

b. The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills and brings out surprises of beauty.

2) to inanimate living organisms (把有生物拟人化) e.g.

a. He (the Fox) muttered as he retreated: “Well! What does it matter! The Grapes are sour!”….

( Aesop’s Fables)

b. Stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away.

And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall there with a sigh.

(Tagore: Stray Birds)

3) To inanimate concepts or ideas (把抽象概念拟人化) e.g.:

a. Wrong cannot afford defeat but Right can. (谬误经不起失败,但真理却不怕失败)

(Tagore: Stray Birds)

b. These little thoughts are the rustle of leaves; they have their whisper of joy in my mind.

(这些微思,是绿叶的簌簌之声呀;他们在我的心里,愉快地微语着。)

(Tagore: Stray Birds) 郑振铎译c. In November, a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Over on the east side the ravager strode boldly, smiting his victims by scores. (O. Henry: The Last Leaves )

3. Metonymy: the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated

1) To substitute sb./ sth. with instrument; e.g.:

a.The pen is mightier than the sword.

b.He is too fond of the bottle. /The baby was brought up on the bottle.

c.The pot has boiled over.

2) to substitute sb./ sth. with its own typical features; e.g.:

a.The blue eyes walked into the office.

b.Led on the gray-hair’d wisdom of the east.

c.His aunt wept over him and asked him how he could go and break her old hart

so; and finally told him to go on, and ruin himself and bring her gray hairs with sorrow to the grave,for it was no use for her to try any more. ( Tom Sawyer)

3) other forms

a.On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living

thinker ceased to think.

b.Do you like Beethoven?

c.The captain had fallen in possession of a complete Shakespeare.

d.Washington has reacted cautiously to the latest peace proposals.

4. Synecdoche (: the naming of a part to mean the whole, or the whole to the part, as in “hands”for “men who do manual labor.

1) Part for the whole

a.Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。

b.Two heads are better than one.

2)The whole for the part

a.T he world knows his worth.

b.The football match was a close contest. In the end, England won.

c.This fox goes very well with your cap.

3) Material for the product

a.The little girl’s piggy bank is full of nickels.

b.He is preparing a paper on World population for our next meeting.

5. Euphemism (委婉语): the substitution of an offensive expression for one that may be disagreeable, a taboo, etc. e.g.:

a.And, it being low water, he went out with the tide. (Charles Dickens: David

Copperfield) Other euphemistic expression for death: to pass away, to be no more, to be gone, to go west, to fall asleep, to breathe one?s last, to meet one?s Maker, to go to the way of all earth, to return to dust, to join the majority, etc.

b.He fed his family on bowls of sunshine. (He had nothing to feed his family on.)

Other similar expressions: to live on air, to live on illusions

c.西方媒体常用委婉语来掩盖矛盾,粉饰太平:e.g.: “the culturally deprived, the

underprivileged or disadvantaged”for “the poor”; “ethnic neighborhood”for “slums or ghettos”, “industrial action”for “strike”, “disturbance”for “riot”, “in difficulties” for “in debts”, “a man of doubtful taste” for “a man of bad taste”, “a lady of the town” for “a prostitute”, “queer” for “homosexua l”.中文中也不乏类似的例子:“工读学校”--- “青少年罪犯劳教学校”;“待业青年”---“没有工作的或者失业的青年”

6. Allusion (引喻):这一修辞手法与汉语引用中的“暗引”相近似,它包括引用典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。E.g.:

a. Whatever economists tell them, they at any rate still believe in an England filled with good things--- an England flowing with milk and money. (An allusion to the Bible. The Old Testament: a land flowing with mild and honey)

b. “Maybe it won?t come off, there?s many a slip.”Pamela said. (English proverb: There?s many a slip between the cup and lip. 吃到嘴里才算吃成了;凡事难以十拿九稳。)

7. Hyperbole (exaggeration, overstatement)(夸张): a conscious exaggeration for the sake of emphasis, not intended to be understood literally ; e.g.:

a.He?s got acres and acres of garden. (a very big garden)

b.His terrible stories made our blood freeze.

c.I was scared to death. He put a red-hot boiled potato down my back.

d.He was nearly killed-he would not have such another walk for the three kingdoms.

(他快累坏了--- 就是给他英伦三岛,他再也不肯走一趟了。)

e.There are yellows and oranges to throw back the light of the sun.

8. Litotes(rhetorical understatement): a figure of speech which contains an understatement for emphasis, just the opposite of hyperbole. It is often used with a negative assertion, and usually with laconic or ironic intentions. (含蓄渲染:故意轻描淡写,缩小事态,从而收到加强印象的效果。)e.g.:

a.I shan’t be sorry when it?s over. (c.f.: I shall be very glad when it?s over.)

b.It?s no laughing matter. (

c.f.: It?s very serious.)

Litotes reserves two-layer significance: superficial indifference and underlying commitment. More examples:

c.We were not unprepared for the war.

d.It was not without reason that the Council decided to take such measures.

e.The Security Council should lose no time in taking up the matter and bring the

healing touch of diplomacy to bear on the situation.

9. Antithesis (对照): a figure of speech to set contrasting phrases opposite each other for emphasis. In true antithesis, the opposition between the elements is manifested through parallel grammatical structure. E.g.:

a.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or

state who marches with Hitler is our foe.

b.Man proposes, God disposes.

c.To err is human, to forgive, divine.

d.Few words and many deeds.

e.Deeds show what we are; words, what we should.

f.We find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit; reaching with magnificent

precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord on earth.

R. M. Nixon: Inaugural Address.

10. Pun (双关): a figure of speech which plays on words (用一个词,一句话,或一个语言片段同时关照两种事物,表达双重意思:一个是表面的,一个是隐含的,并以隐含意思为主。

1) Homophonic pun (谐音双关:利用词义根本不同的谐音词来构成)e.g.:

a.-Why are parliamentary reports called “Blue Books”?

-Because they are never red (read).

b.What is the most contradictory sign seen in a library?

To speak aloud is not allowed (aloud).

c.What musical instrument should we never believe?

A lyre. (liar)

2)Homographic pun(语义双关:利用一词多义的特点来构成)e.g.:

a.Why is river the richest one in the world?

Because it has two banks.

b.The diner was furious when his steak arrived too rare. “Waiter,”he barked,

“Didn?t you hear me say …Well done’?”

“I can?t thank you enough, sir,”replied the waiter. “I hardly ever get a compliment.”

11. Irony(反语): a broad term referring to the recognition of a reality different from the masking appearance. Verbal irony is a figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning. Irony differs from sarcasm in that it is usually lighter, less harsh in its wording though in effect probably more cutting because of its indirectness. (所言与所欲完全相反) e.g.:

a.After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we

are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century…

b.They, were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good humor when they were

pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited. (Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice)

12. Sarcasm (讽刺): a cutting remark, a verbal sneer. Sarcasm pretends to disguise

its meaning, but does not intend to be misunderstood. It is very much like irony and the only difference is that it is more harsh and direct in its effect than irony. (在汉语修辞手法中, sarcasm也被处理为反语)

13. Ridicule (嘲讽): a figure of speech in which an object or target is made fun of in order to make it fun or ridiculous.

a.Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted in his prosecution by his son…. (The

Trial that Rocked the World)

b.Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. (The Trial that Rocked the World)

14.Paradox (似非而是的妙语): a figure of speech that appears to be logically contradictory and yet may be true, the purpose of which is to provoke fresh thought.

E.g.:

a.One man?s terrorist is another man?s freedom fighter.

b. A lover of peace emerged as a magnificent leader of war.

15. Oxymoron(矛盾修辞): a kind of paradox or antithesis that links together two sharply contrasting items. E.g.:

a.“That damned infidel,” a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address.

b.Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat.”

c.Sweet bitterness, cheerful pessimist, the wisest fool in Christendom, etc

16. Transferred epithet( 转移修饰语,即汉语修辞的“移就”): a transferred epithet is an adjective used to limit a noun which it cannot logically modify.

a.He insisted that our assumptions were all wet.

b.His dry humor doesn?t seem intentional.

c.Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulders as we were

waiting for the court to open.

17. Synaesthesia (通感): a figure of speech in which a sensation produced in one modality is applied to another modality, e.g.: the liquid stillness of the night, noisy color, sweet voice, icy look, sharp cry, sour remark, oily-tongued

18. Climax (层递或渐进): a figure of speech in which words, phrases, and clauses are arranged to form a rising order of importance, and the item of greatest importance is called the climax. E.g.:

a. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

(Martin Luther King: I have a dream) 19. Anti-climax (突降法): a figure of speech which is just opposite to Climax in that

it places the least important item at the end which is quite beyond readers? expectation.

E.g.:

a.Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to

welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its – oysters.

b.Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given most of his life to

politics.

c.The duty of a sailor in the navy is to protect his country and to protect his ship and

to peel potatoes.

20. Parody (仿词或防调):A figure of speech which uses the words, thought, or

style of an author, but by a slight change in order to adapt them to a new purpose or ridiculously inappropriate subject. (仿拟某一作家或者作品的语言风格,或者某一成语、俗语、谚语等的句式结构或发音,而改变其中个别单词,使新获得的词语有别具一格的表达效果。)E.g.:

a.Britannia Rues the Waves (Britannia Rules the Waves: an old saying about

England?s leading power on the high seas)

b.Time In

c. says Life is coming back, and if Life returns, can Look be far behind?

(Parody to Ode to the West Wind)

21. Alliteration (头韵):a figure of speech in which several words put together begin with the same letter or sound. E.g.:

a.I see the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun Soldiery plodding on

like a swarm of crawling locusts.

b.Let us learn the lesson already taught by such cruel experience.

22. Assonance (准押韵,半谐音,元音谐音):words or poetic lines similar in vowel sounds. Assonance is popular in English ballads. E.g.:

The anchor broke, the topmast split

…T was such a deadly storm.

The waves came over the broken ship

Till all her sides were torn.

23.Rhyme (押韵):words or poetic lines similar both in vowel sounds and in consonant sounds. E.g.:

How happy is the little Stone

That rambles in the Road alone,

And doesn?t care about Careers

And Exigencies never fears---

23. Onomatopoeia(拟声词): the use of words that, when pronounced, suggest their meaning, such as “tinkling”, “banging” etc.

24.Parallelism(排比): a figure of speech in which sentences, phrases or words similar in structure, closely related in meaning and similar in grammatical functions

are put into a unit in order to achieve emphatic effect. A lot of examples can be find in Churchill?s speech of Hitler?s invasion of U.S.S.R.

25. Repetition(重复): the repeated use of either the same word, phrase or sentences or the use of their synonyms or antonyms to achieve emphatic effect. E.g.:

a.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at

all cost--- victory in spite of all terrors--- victory, however long and hard the

road may be, for without victory there is no survival.

b.Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak, for him have I

offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak, for

him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any,

speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.

26.Rhetorical question (设问): a question neither requiring nor intended to produce a reply but asked for emphasis. e.g.:

a.If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

b.Was I not at the scene of the crime?

c.… but can you doubt what our policy will be?

27. Anastrophe ( stylistic inversion倒装): a figure of speech which is the “inversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. Anastrophe is deliberate rather than accidental and is used to secure Rhythm or to gain emphasis or Euphony (pleasant in sound).

1) to prepose the object (宾语前置) e.g.:

Harry had once been a dog lover. Then his neighbors? barking dogs twice raced his flowers. Now all dogs, especially barking dogs, Harry detests.

2) to place the predicate in front of the subject (主谓倒置) e.g.:

a.Slowly climbs the summer moon.

b.Up the road came a sound of creaking axles, and then a slow cloud of dust, and

then a bull-cart bearing Ransic Bilbro and his wife.

(O. Henry: The Whirligig of Life)

3) to prepose the adverbial (which seldom appears at the beginning of a sentence) (状语前置) e.g.

Down, down, he swam till his arms and legs grew tired and hardly moved. He knew that he was deep. (Jack London: Martin Eden)

4) to prepose the predicative (表语前置) e.g.:

Tortuous as the road of struggle is, the prospects for the revolutionary people are bright.

5) to invert the logic order (颠倒逻辑顺序)e.g.:

a. Let us die, and rush into the heart of the fight.

b. Me up at does

out of the floor

quietly stare

a poisoned mouse

still who alive

is asking what

have i done that

You wouldn?t have

(E. E. Cummings: Me up at does) Reference Books:

1.《汉英辞格对比与翻译》,李定坤编著,画中师范大学出版社:

1994.

2.《高级英语》修订本(第一册),教师用书,梅仁毅,王立礼,

外语教学与研究出版社:1995.

3.《英语修辞赏析》,范家材编著,上海交通大学出版社:1992.

英语18种重要修辞手法

18种重要修辞手法 一、语义修辞 1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field. 2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。 2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。) 2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。) 3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper. 由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。 谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。 (1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如: There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体,spring of a serpen t(动态),shout of a fiend(声音),green as an emerald(颜色),它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见,多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。 (2)延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释,延喻即make a n initial c omparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s id ea(作出初次比较再扩展,以延伸作者的意图)。请看下例: A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼,产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆,难觅一成功之作,似鳕鱼产卵无数,长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod,再进一步用cod的习性比喻之,生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。 与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处,延喻不仅要注意比喻本身,还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说,延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分,不能游离于其外。 延喻的构成分以下几种: ①由动词构成

(完整版)英语中19种修辞手法和例句

1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one

大学英语常见修辞手法

浅谈大学英语中常见的修辞手法 摘要:对大学英语里常见的几个修辞方法作了说明。 关键词:明喻;暗语;转喻;夸张 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。 “Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4 夸张(the exaggeration) 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的

高考英语作文常用修辞手法

高考英语作文常用修辞手法 高考英语作文常用修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味,一篇好的作文,语言应该生动形象。而恰当 地运用修辞手法,可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真,大大增强艺术表 现力,扩大语言表达的范围;而且还可以激发读者的想象,给人留下 深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1 比喻(etaphr) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻(siile): 用lie, as, asas, as if(thugh) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如: lve’s lie a red, red rse 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The an an’t be trusted He is as slipper as an eel 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He uped as if he had been stung他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 hildhd is lie a siftl passing drea 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(etaphr): 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如: He has a heart f stne 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The rld is a stage 世界是一个大舞台。 2 换喻(etn)

用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the hite Huse 代替美国政府或者总统,用the bttle来代替ine 或者alhl,用the bar 来代替the legal prfessin,用rn代替ing等。例如: His purse uld nt all hi that luxur 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种 奢华。 The ther did her best t tae are f the radle 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He sueeded t the rn in 1848 他在1848年继承了王位。 3 提喻(snedhe) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用 一般代表特殊。例如: He earns his bread b riting 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The fars ere shrt f hands during the harvest seasn 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat anada at riet 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿 大队。 He is the Netn f this entur 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 4 拟人(persnifiatin) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如: heart as singing 我的心在歌唱。 This tie fate as siling t hi 这一次命运朝他微笑了。

英语作文中常用的修辞手法

英语作文中常用的修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味,一篇好的作文,语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法,可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真,大大增强艺术表现力,扩大语言表达的范围;而且还可以激发读者的想象,给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1.比喻(metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻(simile): 用like,as,as...as,as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如: O my love's like a red,red rose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(metaphor): 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如: He has a heart of stone.他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage.世界是一个大舞台。 2.换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House代替美国政府或者总统,用the bottle来代替wine或者alcohol,用the bar来代替the legal profession,用crown代替king等。例如: His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。

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II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile -简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor -简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1.夸张,夸大 2.夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张;夸大 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:

英语最全修辞手法

英语常用修辞 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 4>.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 5>.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 6>.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 7>.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3>.German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 4>.The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 5>.All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. 6>.Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. 7>.Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you.

英语中常见的修辞手法11928

英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 借代(metonymy) 借代是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。借代是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patien t begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4 夸张(hyperbole) 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中,马克.吐温是位伟大作家,他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。)(eternal和endless都是夸张用语,表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。) 5 拟人(personification) 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写,赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如:The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)(采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.) The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶,藤上几乎是光秃秃的。) (这里作者运用了拟人手法,将秋天比做人,秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。语言表达生动、有力,让人有身处其境的感觉)(大学英语第三册第六课课文A) 6 反语(irony) 反语就是说反话,用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如: “What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了,于是出现了上面的这句话,通过反语达到讽刺的效果,从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。)

高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法

高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味,一篇好的作文,语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法,可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真,大大增强艺术表现力,扩大语言表达的范围;而且还可以激发读者的想象,给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1、比喻 (metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻 (simile): 用like, as, as。。。as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如: O my love’s like a red, red rose。我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can’t be trusted。 He is as slippery as an eel。那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung。他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream。童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻 (metaphor): 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事

物。例如: He has a heart of stone。他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage。世界是一个大舞台。 2、换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统,用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol,用the bar 来代替the legal profession,用 crown代替 king等。例如: His purse would not allow him that luxury。他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle。母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848。他在1848年继承了王位。 3、提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如: He earns his bread by writing。他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season。在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket。澳大利亚队在板球

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见得修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile - 简明英汉词典 ['s?m?li:]?n. (使用like或as等词语得)明喻 ?明喻就是一种最简单、最常见得修辞方法,就是以两种具有共同特征得事物或现象进行对比,表明本体与喻体得关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式就是“A像B”,常用得比喻词有as, like,asif, asthough等。如果使用得当可以把深奥得道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单得事物表达得更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing amountain, westruggleup three feetand fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)?I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutishmasses of the Hun soldiery bloddingon likeaswarmofcrawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当得比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor —简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻 ?暗喻也就是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了得明喻(a compressed simile)。它就是根据两个事物间得某些共同得特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物得比喻方式。本体与喻体之间不用比喻词,只就是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言得表现力。例如:?I will do anythingI can t ohelp him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助她穿越人生得惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producingthe English languagealso nourishedthe great principlesof freedom and right of manin the modernworld、(想想吧,孕育英语得文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由与人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed fallingon a fertileheart. Aromancewas budding。(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上得种子,浪漫之花含苞待放、)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(themetonymy) ?转喻就是通过相近得联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻就是比隐喻更进一步得比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物、例如: The busesin America are on strike now.美国得公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。?“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish、But wheneve rmy patientbegins to count the carriages in herfuneral porcessionI subtract50percent from the curative powerofmedicines、"(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到得,但每当我得病人开始数自己葬礼上得马车时,药物得疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(theexaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D。J、[?g?z?d???re???n]?— exaggeration?n、 1. 夸张,夸大? 2. 夸张得言语;夸张得手法?— Exaggeration?n、夸张;夸大 ?把事物得特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”得说法,使事物得本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张得功能就是突出事物得本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发、例如:?MostAmericanremember Mark Twain as thefather of Huck Finn’s idylliccruisethrough eternal boyhood and TomSawyer’s endless summer of freed om andadventure、(在大多数美国人得心目中,马克、吐温就是位伟大作家,她描写哈克。费恩永恒得童年时代中充满诗情画意得旅程与汤姆、索亚在漫长得夏日里自由自在历险探奇得故事。)(eternal与endless都就是夸张用语,表示哈克、费恩童年时期田园般得旅游与汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇得故事都已成为永恒不朽之作、) 5 拟人(the personifjcation) ?所谓拟人就就是把无生命得事物当作有生命得事物来描写,赋予无生命之

高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解及人物简洁介绍.doc

高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解及 人物简洁介绍 高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解及人物简洁介绍 高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等. 例如: 1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

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