定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。
1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。
定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”.
（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.
→The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.
→The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45.
（3）He was the first boy who came to school.
→He was the first boy to come to school.
.2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。例：
（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.
→She wanted a room in which to do her homework.
（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.
→She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.
注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。
“He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。
3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语）
如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。
（1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？
（2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
→The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
.2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语）
如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。
（1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today.
→The report made yesterday will be discussed today.
（2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
→The di ctionary bought for me by my mother is very useful.
但以下几种情况，一般不可把定语从句转换为分词（短语）。
1.虽关系代词作定语从句的主语，但如从句的谓语中含有情态动词，则不能转换成分词（短语）。Those who must hand in their homework before 12 are studying hard now. 此句不宜转成：Those handing in their homework before 12 are studying hard now.
2.如关系代词在从句中作主语，且从句谓语是完成时的主动语态，一般不转换成分词（短语）。例：The engineer who has finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.此举不宜转化为：The engineer having finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.
3.以关系代词which或as引起的非限制性定语从句，当关系代词指的是前面整个句子，将这个非限制性定语从句转换成分词（短语），其逻辑主语是其前面或后面的整个句子，但分词在这个在句子里结果状语。
例：The boy's parents died, which left him an orphan.
→ The boy’s parents died，leaving him an orphan.
定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。 1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。 定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”. （1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei. →The plane to arrive is from Hubei。 （2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45. →The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45. （3）He was the first boy who came to school. →He was the first boy to come to school. .2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。例： （1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework. →She wanted a room in which to do her homework. （2）She had only a pen with which she can write. →She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write. 注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。 “He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。 3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语） 如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。 （1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？ （2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. →The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. .2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语） 如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。 （1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today. →The report made yesterday will be discussed today. （2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
二．定语从句： 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。 注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用whom 指物只能用which 高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面： 【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning, which makes his mother very happy. ⑧I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that (2004北京东城) 【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的用法区别。 指人时常只用who不用that的情况； 指物时只用which不用that的情况； 只用that不用which的情况； 关系代词as与which的用法区别； the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别: 1 其中that, who(whom)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧：用who 不用that 的情况 “there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。] <1>先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用who不用that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom. <2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用who不用that, 例： A new teacher will come who will teach you German. 在本句中，先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German ”分离，所以我们用who 不用that。 <3>先行词为“there be”结构的主语时，例如 There is a man who wants to see you. 在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用who不用that 2其中，that 和which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别： 用that不用which <1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，例如： I have read all the books that you gave me. <2>先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时： He did all that he could do to help us. <3>主语以who或which开头时 Who is the man that just called you just now? <4>关系代词在从句中做表语时 China is not the country that is was. <5>既指人又指物时 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况 <1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如: She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. <2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:
非谓语动词和从句的转换---- 一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.) 2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句 (1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.) 3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句 (1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding) 4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句 (1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing) (2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up) 5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句 (１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…)
定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换 非谓语做定语是定语从句的简化形式 Please replace the underlined part with relative clauses 1.The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew. 2.The Olympic Games, held in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 3.The first text books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 4.Are you going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow? 5. a developed/developing country 6.He is a student loved by all the teachers. 7.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 8.She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 9.Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in. 10.We have nothing to worry about. 11.I have a lot of things to do today. 12.Have you got anything to say at the meeting? 总结：现在分词做定语从时态上表示_______ 或_________ 从语态上表示________;若表示被动；可以用_______ 过去分词做定语从时态上表示_____或______ 从语态上表示____________ 不定式做定语从时态上表示__________ 从逻辑上可以表示动词和先行词之间的_______ 同时要注意加上相应的介词，若先行词被________________________所以修饰，定语从句部分可以用不定式替代 Replace the underlined part with ing/ ed / to do 1. The computer center which was opened last year, is very popular among the students. in the school. 2. Most of the artists who were invited to the party were from South Africa. 3. There was a terrible noise which followed he sudden burst of light. 4. Do you know the boy who is lying under the big tree? 5. Are you going to attend the meeting which will be held tomorrow? 6. I like most of the books which are published in this publishing house. 7. This is one of the questions which are being discussed at the meeting now. 8. Would you please give me a piece of paper which I can write with ? 9. The next train which will arrive is from Washington. 非谓语动词作定语练习1 1. Here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings. A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design 2. The price will save you one dollar for each dozen. A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces 3. The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding 4. A person_______ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language ___all about his own. A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D.learning, forgetting 6. Many things__________ impossible in the past are very common today. A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered 7 What's the________ language in Germany A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
高考写作一非谓语动词与从句的转换 知识讲解 知识点1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor. (=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way. (=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)
2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补) (=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语) (=That he hadn’t invited her.)
3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible. (=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding)
请看看这道选择题： Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。 请再看一个类似的例子： (1)He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that (2)He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语； 第(2)应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例： (3)He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were transla ted into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。 请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：
【定语从句】 ?Who, whom指代人，who做主语、whom做宾语; which指物，做主语或者宾语。That调节两者，既可指物，又可指人，既可做主语，又可做宾语，但只用于限制性定语从句。如果调节两者，如下只用that： 1.who/which开头的疑问句； 2.先行词有人，又有物时； 3.先行词为all, few, little, none, some, any, every, each, no, anything, everything, nothing (something除外); 4.the only / the very / the first/ the last + 先行词时； 4.“序数词/形容词最高级+先行词”时：He is the first customer that came to our supermarket today. He is one of the most excellent students that got the best results in the contest. 5. 当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时. 6. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： She admired the way （that）they solved the questions. ?介词后只能用whom表示人，用which表示物。 ?翻译和写作时，“…的某人或某物”中，“的”的前面如果发现比较长，或者有实义动词时，可以考虑用定语从句表达。如：他是每次我在困难的时候会想起的人。他是一个优秀的人。 ?非限制中只能用whom做宾语，不可以用who替代。（限制性定语从句中，有时候用who替代whom做宾语）. ?限制句中，whom, who ,that, which做宾语时（包括做介宾）都可以省略，但是于介词后(做介词的宾语)不能省略：This is the person(whom)I am looking for. This is the person with whom I talked in the street yesterday. ?非限制中，不管从句宾语whom, which 是否前面有介词，都是不可以省略的。 ?主句中的主语，宾语，介宾等都可以是先行词.先行词不一定就接在定语从句的前面：The teacher gave us an exciting speech who teaches in the Beijing University. ?The way ( in which / that ) + 定语从句:This is the way （in which/ that ）I solved the problem. ?“whose + 名词”和“the 名词of which”在名词是物时，可以互换。但是都应该紧跟在被修饰的词后面，中间可以有逗号隔开，可用于限制性、非限制性中。“介词+ whose 名词”的灵活运用如：They thanked T om, without whose support they could not have succeeded.| I want to buy the house whose window faces north. = I want to buy the house the window of which faces north. ?各种介词+which (物)/ whom(人) （without, in, on , at, by, with, over, under, above, below, beyond , against, besides, except, among, along, because of , from, to, before, after, since, for, towards…） ?形容词最高级/基数词/分数/百分比/代词如some, most/both/ most/the majority/the minority +of which (物)/ whom （人）:I like talking with my students some of whom are from abroad. ?As, which在非限制中都可以指代整个句子，但：as可以于句首句尾，但是which只能于主句后| as/ which（主语）+系动词，which(主语)+行为动词(如果接行为动词，只能用which;如果是连系动词，则两者都可以用) | as有“正如，正像”之意，which没有。| Jack is the richest man in the town, which / As is well known. As we all know, light runs fast than sound. ?…the reason why… ?when, where 和“on/in/at which”之间可以互换 ?as指物和人，做从句主、宾。限制中，such /the same + 名词as…, so + adj.+ a 可数单数名词as…；非限制中，可代表整个主句，于主句前或后。 ?one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句（动词用复数），the (only) one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句（单数谓语） ?介词+which+名词：He usually gets home at 11p.m,, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows. His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad. 就以上知识点，运用定语从句造句（只能用一句话）： 在所有的职员中，她是唯一一个有国外留学经历的人。| 李明自小在农村长大，是我碰到的学习最努力的学生。| 日本3月份发生的、遇难人数过万的福岛地震导致的核泄漏，将会导致太平洋严重受污染。| 她迟到的原因是她路上遭遇了一个上个月越狱并在全国通缉的逃犯的抢劫。| 他在很段的时间内进步神速，这真的超出我们的想象。| 一个七岁大的女孩子被关在阴冷的牢房里，寒风穿过牢房的窗户吹进来。孩子的母亲两个月前被国民党军队杀害了。| 你刚才看过的这类电视节目我从来不看。| 我对他的那种说话方式很反感。| 我从来不买和别的同事一样的东西。| 你正是我要找的人。| 他从来不干有损于人们利益的事情。| 2008年奥运会在北京举行，这在中国可是人人皆知的。| 我们坐在整洁的车厢里。透过明亮的车窗，可以看到一些被群山环绕的小村庄。| 我第一次遇到她的时候是在我1981年曾经工作过的公司。但是自那以后，我对她失去了兴趣。| 他们在热烈谈论在农村遇到的那些淳朴的村民和传统风俗。 【不定式】
非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换 非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换:英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分，也是英语学习的一个难点。非谓语动词作句子成分时与相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系，它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。 一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系 (一)不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句 不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时，要用不定式的被动式，与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作定语时，单个分词置于名词之前，分词短语置于名词之后，与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。定语从句和不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的。 例如：I have many letters to type．(动宾关系) →I have many letters which I should type． I have many letters to be typed．(被动主谓关系) →I have many letters which are to be typed by others． The standing people shouted at the dean．(主谓关系) (二)不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句 1．不定式多作目的状语和结果状语．故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 例如：Mother got up early to catch the early bus．(目的状语） →Mother got up early 80 as to (in order to) catch the early bus． →Mother got up early 80 that (in order that) she might catch the early bus． 【注意】80 as to和80 that不可放在句首。 She is too young to join the army．(结果状语) She is 80 young that she cannot join the army． 2．分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有逻辑的主语，称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联系。 例如：Seeing those pictures．he couldn't help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York．(时间状语) →When he saw those pictures．he couldn’t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk．
非谓语动词和从句 1.非谓语动词 谓语（狭义）：主要指动词，关于主语的情况，可表示动作，也可以表示状态，受主语的人称和数的限制。 Time flies. She doesn’t like the idea. You shouldn’t look down upon this kind of work. 非谓语动词：在句中不能单独作谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。它不受主语的人称和数的限制，但有语态（主动与被动）和时态（一般式；完成式；进行式）的变化；否定式一般将not 直接放在非谓语动词之前。 1.1动词不定式 肯定形式： A 主动语态 B 被动语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 否定形式：not/never to do 1.1.1不定式有两种，即带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。 I’ve come to seek your advice. What you said made me think. 大多数情况下，不定式都带to, 但在特殊情况下，动词不定式的to要省略。 1.1.2动词不定式的用法： 主语（it作形式主语）： To cheat in exams is punishable. 注意：此时，动词不定式常常放在句子后面，而用it 作形式主语。 It is punishable to cheat in exams. 宾语：动词宾语：I hope to be back in a couple of days. 介词宾语：They desire nothing but to go home. 宾补：I want him to be my assistant. I ordered him not to enter this room without permission. 表语：His wish was to be a skillful worker. 定语：Do you have anything to say? 状语：I was delighted to receive your letters. （原因） We started early to avoid being late. (目的)
非谓语动词作定语 一：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点： 一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先行词）之间的关系，主动与被动 二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生 二：做题步骤：先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系 1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do 2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done 表将来用to be done 一． 用不定式做定语的几种情况： （1）不定式表将来。如： The car to be bought is for his sister. （2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如： He is the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. （3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有： ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing. 二．分词作定语 doing 主动 进行 being done 被动 进行 done 被动 完成 The houses being built are for the teachers. Things lost never come again. I have never seen a more moving movie. 三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别 三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上 Have you read the novel witten by Dickens? Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students. The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one. （一）、-ing 形式作定语 -ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。 1. -ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表示这个名词(人或物)的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。如: These dancing girls are from my class. At 11 o ’clock ， please find the waiting bus at the entrance. We should show respect for the working people 逻辑关系 时间 主动 被动 与谓语同时发生 doing （正在做） being done （正在被做） 在谓动之前 Done （被） 将来 to do （将要做） to be done （将要被做）
非谓语动词相关从句 非谓语动词概述： 非谓语动词与名词性从句 非谓语动词与定语从句 非谓语动词与状语从句 There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English. 非谓语动词概述：动名词Ving；现在分词Ving; 过去分词ved; to do不定式 分词短语从本质上而言：是由动词派生而来的形容词。如，a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc. A baby who is sleeping. A car which is used ving形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作 Ved形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表示被动的动作或已完成的动作 The fallen leaves The falling leaves The custom fascinates me.
The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books. The baby will sleep until eight. Try not to wake a sleeping baby. Some movies are rated X. Children shouldn’t see X-rated movies. My leg was broken in three places. My broken leg is healing slowly. The sinking ship= the ship that was sinking The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken. Falling leaves= Fallen leaves= 现在分词的完成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。Having done The students had solved most of the problems without any help. Having solved most of the problems without any help, the students were exhilarated. After they have solved most of the problems without…………………………..
谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 首先你要明白在一个英语的单句中只有一个谓语，那么你就要学会怎样划分英语句子中的结构。 先说下什么是单句，单句就是只有一个完整句子结构（句号才是整个句子结束的标志）的句子，没有连词和引导词（像and，what，where，这些的词都没有）。具体的单句结构（五个）就不用我说吧。 eg： ①I love my mother.就是一个单句。 ②English is my best subject which i like.这就是一个复合句（which引导的限制性定语从句），在主语中，english是主语，is是系动词，my best subject 是表语。在从句中（引导词后边的是从句），which作宾语指代subject（subject 是从句的先行词），I作主语，like在这里是行为动词（vt.）作谓语。 给你一个划分简单句结构的例子： eg：I like playing basketball. 这个句子中，I是主语，like是谓语，playing basketball是动名词做宾语，在宾语中playing是非谓语动词，因为我刚刚说过了，一个单句中只有一个谓语，所以like做了谓语，playing就一定是非谓语动词了。
现在和你说下最简单的分辨谓语和非谓语的方法：划分句子的结构。 每个句子首先找到主语，然后是谓语，谓语一般都会和主语靠近（有特殊的情况），那么除去谓语之外的其他动词，都是非谓语动词了。 谓语动词：有以下几种分类 ①行为动词：行为动词又可分为及物（vt.）与不及物（vi.） 那么vi.和vt.的区别可以通过造句的方式来确定。 及物动词：可直接接宾语。(如果不接宾语，那么句意会不完整） 不及物动词：不可以直接接宾语，需借用介词。 eg： I go to school by bus.（go不及物动词，但是和home连接时为go home）He drinks water.（drink是及物动词，中文翻译为他喝水，如果没有宾语water，就成了他喝，那他喝什么呢？句意就不完整了。） ②系动词：be动词（is，am，are，were，was）表主语状态，感官动词（hear，look，listen，tast，sound，appear，seem等），持续性动词（keep，stay，lie，remind等），变化动词（become，go，get，turn等）... ③情态动词：could，should，can，must，may等。