名词03
30.Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest ______.
A. convenience
B. consideration
C. interruption
D. imagination
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。at one’s convenience 意思是：在某人方便的时候。句意为：你们所提供的任何帮助我们都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我们。
31.Apart from his monthly salary as a sales manager, he also gets a travel ________ that covers hotel bills.
A. insurance
B. circumstance . allowance D. competence
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。travel allowance 出差补贴。句意为：作为一名销售经理，除了他的月薪以外，他还有出差补贴。insurance 保险，. circumstance 环境，competence 能力，权限。
32. 一 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
一 Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.
A. strength
B. talent
C. ability
D.' skill
【考点】本题考查名词辨析www.
【答案】A
【解析】根据后半句的进一步解释“So it is my best choice”“这是我最好的选择”可知本空指的的是“英语是我的强项”，strength意为“优势，强项”与weakness是反义词。
33.To play better, all the players have to know their ___________ and weaknesses.
A. techniques
B. strengths
C. benefits
D. values
【答案】B strengths and weaknesses“优势和劣势”是固定搭配，直接选择B项。
34. Your ___ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A. operation
B. growth
C. performance
D. character
【考点】名词www.
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习（performance）会很棒的如果你能够养成对所
学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。
35. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of
eye disease that may not have any ________.
A. symptom
B. similarity
C. sample
D. shadow
【答案】 A
【考点】考查名词辨析。难度中等。www.
【解析】句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。A项意为“症状”，符合句意；B 项意为“类似”，C项意为“样本”，D项意为“阴影”，都与语意不符。
36. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying
for a visa.
A. pattern
B. procedure
C. program
D. perspective
【答案】 B
【考点】考查名词辨析。难度较易。
【解析】句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意；A项意为“模式”，C项意为“节目”，D项意为“远景”，都与语意不符。
37. — Can I help you with it?
— I appreciate your___ , but I can manage it myself.
A. advice
B. question
C. offer
D. idea
【考点】名词词义辨析
【答案】C
【解析】句意为：——我可以帮你吗？——我感激你的提议“offer”，但我自己能设法做的。offer意为“提议”，符合题意。A意为“建议，劝告”；B意为“问题”；D意为“想法，主意”。
38．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .
A．purpose B．reference C．progress D．memory
【答案】B
【考点】考察词义辨析www.
【解析】你最好写下这个餐馆的号码以便日后参考用。
for future reference是一个常用词组搭配，表示“以供日后参考”。
39. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of _____.
A. luck
B. value
C. time
D. fact
【答案】 C www.
【考点】本题考查名词辨析。
【解析】句意为：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。根据句意选C。
40. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city.
A. quantity
B. progress
C. production
D. demand
【答案】D
【解析】此处quantity数量；progress进步； production生产；demand要求。这里be in great demand意为：需求量很大，畅销。句意：《哈利波特》很受欢迎；在这个城市有很大的需求量。
【考点】考查名词词义辨析。
41.You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
【C】
A.promise
B. lead
C.
balance D. diary
Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their
professional _____.
A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence 答案 C
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of
global climate change.
A.result
B.cause
C.warning
D.reflection
答案 B
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result 结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。
Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.
A. emotions
B. principles
C. regulations
D. opinions
答案 B
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他—这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle 原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。
Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s
.
A.touch
B.sight
C.reach
D.distance
答案 C
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不
到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。
“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______
clearly in her voice.
A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic
答案 D
考点考查名词的辨义。www.
解析句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。
Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________, but now I
know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project
B. commitment
C. competition
D. ambition
答案 B
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision 相呼应，故选B。
When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer
to see him step aside _________ younger men.
A. in terms of
B. in need of
C. in favor of
D. in praise of
答案 C
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。
What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort
to help himself?
A.sympathy
B.theme
C.object
D.point
答案 D
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。
There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring
in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition
B. balance
C. concern
D. relationship
答案 A
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。
We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time
答案 A
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。
52.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______
A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。www.
〖解析〗hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量”； recognition意为“认出；识别；认识”； measure意为“测量；措施”。句意为“……她变得认不出来了。”
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0b19134053.html,st year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A average
B number
C amount
D quantity
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查名词。
〖解析〗a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
54.Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。
〖解析〗句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示“安全, 保险”；defense 表示“防御, 防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽, 保护”。
55.James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.
A. room
B. area
C. field
D. position
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查名词意义和用法。
〖解析〗句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是“为……让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。
56.The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗名词辨析。
〖解析〗reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。
57.This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division
B. area
C. range
D. circle
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查名词/名词短语。
〖解析〗此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。“这家餐
馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。”“a range of “强调一
个系列, 而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这
个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。“for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。
58.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation
B. occupation
C. equipment
D. furniture.
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾“earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的
一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示“住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之
一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道“occupation”表示
“占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示“家具”；“equipment”表示“设备,
器材”就能选出正确答案D了。
59.The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you
any direct ______.
A. solution
B. target
C. measure
D. function
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。
根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。
60.China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and
smooth organization.
A. reputation
B. influence
C. impression
D. knowledge
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗
61.The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the
virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay
B. effort
C. schedule
D. consideration
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：
考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不
犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。
62.Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______
building.
A. respect
B. friendship
C. reputation
D. character
〖答案〗D.
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以
增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。
63.In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal
B. chance
C. mark
D. measure
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。www.
〖解析〗根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。
64.The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s
B. girls’; Toms’
C. girls’; Tom’s
D. girl’s; Toms’ K5u
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词所有格。
〖解析〗名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错1．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 答案：The instructor kept repeating the word words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 答案：It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on of the road. 3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 答案：When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies. 4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 答案：My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest honesty. 5．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 答案：If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges knowledge we cannot get from books. 6．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 答案：The teenage year years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 7．(2016·高考四川卷)，but she has to do most of the houseworks. 答案：，but she has to do most of the houseworks housework. 8．(2016·高考浙江卷)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 答案：When I was a very young children child，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 9．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college. 答案：Now I am leaving home to for college. 10．My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案：My soccer coach retired last week.
20XX年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集（02） 名词 ▲一、考点聚焦 1.可数名词单、复数变化形式 （1）规则变化。 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。 ②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。 特例：stomach - stomachs ③以"辅音字母+ y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。如： baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。 ④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元 音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。 ⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。 如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。 特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。 ⑥改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet, woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。 ⑦复合名词的复数形式。 （A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。 如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - bookstores。 （B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。 如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women drivers。 （C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。 如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。 ⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。 如：zero - zeros 、zeroes; penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。 （2）不规则变化。 ①单、复数同形。 如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。 ②合成名词的复数。 如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。 ③有些名词通常只用作复数。 如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits 以很高热情地，give one's regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。 ④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数， 如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery; 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。 如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。 2、不可数名词的数 （1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
江西省南昌市2015-2016学年度第一学期期末试卷 （江西师大附中使用）高三理科数学分析 一、整体解读 试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。 1．回归教材，注重基础 试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。 2．适当设置题目难度与区分度 选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。 3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察 在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。 二、亮点试题分析 1．【试卷原题】11.已知,,A B C 是单位圆上互不相同的三点，且满足AB AC → → =，则A BA C →→ ?的最小值为（ ） A ．1 4- B ．12- C ．34- D ．1-
一、名词 【知识精讲】 名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 一、名词的数 在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点： 1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如： physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词，单数前面应有不定冠词。如：(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，可以有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical
knowledge of computer science. 3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词，不能加-s ，如： machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如： chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸/ papers试卷; water水/ waters水域，room空间/ rooms房间 5. 只有复数形式的名词，如： glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如： people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;（表示一类人） 7. 以复数形式出现，表达复数含义，如： belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名词看成一个整体时，谓语用单数，若侧重各个成员，则用复数，如：audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public ●The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. ●My family are going with me. 9. 单复数同形的名词，如： fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li（里）, yuan （元）, mu（亩）等 ●How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
语法部分 第二部分语法专题讲析 专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016 ·天津 ]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015 ·江苏 ]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词 have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put 等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有??意识 have a feeling of有??感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑?? take advantage of利用；趁??之机 make fun of 取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与??取得 /失去联系 get relief 得到缓解 give a solution 给出解决方案 put...into practice将??付诸行动
高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精品复合句 怎样理解名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句？ The question is when they won the game. 表语从句 When they won the game is the question. 主语从句 I have the question when they won the game. 同位语从句 I wonder when they won the game. 宾语从句 表语、主语、同位语和宾语通常由名词充当，所以表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句统称为名词性从句。 Do you know the time when they won the game? 定语从句 定语通常由形容词充当，所以定语从句也叫形容词从句 When they won the game, I had just finished my job. 状语从句 状语通常由副词充当，所以状语从句也叫副词性从句。 结论：从句的分类是依据其在主句中的句子成分而定的。 三类从句的引导词有所不同 定语从句引导词有：疑问代词和疑问副词（但不包括what和how） 名词性从句引导词：①所有定语从句使用的引导词； ②what和how； ③少量连词：whether/if, as if/though; ④以-ever结尾的疑问词：whatever, whenever等 状语从句引导词有：①所有连词； ②以-ever结尾的疑问词：whatever, however等 定语从句引导词数量最少，状语从句引导词最多。名词性从句引导词与定语从句引导词最接近（但范围更大），状语从句引导词与定语从句引导词差别最大。状语从句引导词与名词性从句引导词有部分交叉（以-ever结尾的疑问词）。另外，when 和where是这三类从句有可以使用的公共引导词。 引导词的理解 定语从句引导词没有自己的字面意义，只有指代意义：指代先行词，也就是说引导词意义等于先行词词义；但名词性从句和状语从句引导词不同，它们都具有自
动名词 语法图解 探究发现 ①Playing with fire is dangerous. ②It is no good learning a theory without practice. ③Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking a t. ④The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products. ⑤ ... a lot of money is spending on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible. ⑥His hobby is watching football games. ⑦For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” ... [我的发现] (1)句①和句②均为动名词作主语，只不过句②先用it作形式主语，真正主语动名词短语后置。 (2)句③、句④和句⑤均是动名词作宾语，句③中动名词作动词宾语，句④和句⑤中动名词作介词宾语。 (3)句⑥中动名词作表语；句⑦中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。 一、动名词的定义 动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。动名词具有名词和动词的特征。 二、动名词的基本形式 动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词具有时态和语态的变化，现以learn 为例列表如下： 主动语态被动语态 一般式learning being learned 完成式having learned having been learned 1.动名词的一般式。 结构：主动用doing；被动用being done 动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。 Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。(没有明确的时间) I don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere. 我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。(发生在谓语动词之前) Doctors advise giving up smoking. 医生建议戒烟。(发生在谓语动词之后) 2．动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
高考英语语法知识讲解 (名师详细讲解语法+配套实战练习，零基础也可以学 好英语，建议下载保存) (绝对精品文档，价值很高，值得下载打印收藏) (每天背诵提高英语语感。零基础学英语，每天进步一 点点！)
第一讲座：名词---基础篇 一、名词的复数： 1. 名词变复数的规则形式： 1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups 2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es： city-------cities family-----families 3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es： bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches 4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es： tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes 5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es： leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的： man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3. 单数和复数形式相同： deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4. 某国人的复数： 1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词： 1. 不可数名词： 1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式； 4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示； 2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词： a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格： 1. ’s 所有格：
高考高频语法复习 一、名词 对应学生用书p158 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 3．(2019·浙江卷)Other American studies showed no ________(connect) between uniforms and school performance. 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)． 5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. [答案与解析] 1．belief。考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。 2．competition。考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。 3．connection/connections。考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。
介词 介词辨析 1 【2014·安徽卷】 What we expect from you is working hard ________ hardly working. A．less than B．rather than C．as well as D．as much as 【答案】B 考查介词短语。less than少于，不及；rather than而不是；as well as也，又，像……一样；as much as和……一样，差不多。working hard和hardly working为完全相反的两个概念，显然前后为对照关系。句意：我们期待你的是努力工作，而非很少工作。故选B。 2【2014·北京卷】 Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，________ plants can spread to new places. A．so B．or C．for D．but 【答案】A 考查连词。本题前半部分讲“有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方”，所以导致“植物传播”。此为表示因果关系的并列句，故选A。 3【2014·北京卷】 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour. A．by B．in C．for D．until 【答案】B 考查介词。表示某段时间后将发生某事，一般用介词in。所以选B。 4 【2014·全国大纲卷】 September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill. A. by B. for C. with D. in 【答案】A 考查介词。句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为“截止到……日期”。根据句意选A。 5【2014·福建卷】 Our club is open to everyone ________ age, sex or educational background. A．due to B．except for C．along with D．regardless of 【答案】D 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们的俱乐部对每个人开放，不考虑年龄、性别和教育背景。【be】 due to由于，因为，到……期限；except for除了；along with和，一起；regardless of无论，不管，不考虑。根据句意可知选择D项。 6【2014·江苏卷】Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups
高考英语语法专题讲解（冠词） 冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。 一、不定冠词的用法： 1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any, 如: A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes steel. 2、泛指某人或某物。 A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk. 3、表one或every。 We work 8 hours a day.I go home twice a month. 4、表示the same 的意思。 Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a kind come together. 5、用在不可数名词前 a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份 A large coffee for me.It was a wonderful tea. b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前） It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling.There is a cold wind this morning. c)（用在抽象名词前）一种 That is a great disappointment.It’s a pleasure to work with you. 6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。 I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00.He had a Van Gogh in the dining-room. What a strange London they saw!He’s a living Lei Feng. 7、用于某些固定词组中。 a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have a cold等。 8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an, 如an apple, an English book。要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。如a university, an hour, an “h”, an X-ray examination. 二、定冠词的用法。 1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。 The boy likes the film.Shut the door, please. The old poor peasant has a son. The son is a model worker. 2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。 the earth, the moon, the stars, the sun（但space前不用）
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高考语法知识清单 词法 一、名词 1. 名词的分类 2. 名词的数 3. 名词的格 4. 名词的修饰语 5. 名词的功能 不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词 有无冠词的区别 三、代词 1. 人称代词 2. 物主代词 3. 反身代词 4. 指示代词 5. 不定代词 6. 相互代词 疑问代词 连接代词和关系代词 1. 形容词的构成 形容词的功能 形容词的位置 形容词的比较级和最高级 1. 副词的构成 副词的功能 副词的位置 副词的比较级和最高级 六、介词和介词短语 介词的分类 介词短语及其功能 3. 常见介词的用法 常见易混介词辨析 介词的固定搭配 七、数词 1. 基数词 2. 序数词 3. 数词的句法功能 4. 分数、小数、百分数 八、连词和感叹词 并列连词 从属连词 感叹词 九、动词和动词短语 1. 动词的分类 2. 情态动词的用法 1) 一般现在时 2) 一般过去时 3) 一般将来时 4) 现在进行时 5) 过去进行时 6) 将来进行时 7) 现在完成时 8) 过去完成时 9) 将来完成时 10) 现在完成进行时 11) 过去完成进行时 12) 时态的呼应 2. 语态 1) 被动语态的构成 2) 被动语态的用法 3) 主动和被动的转换 2. 虚拟语气在条件句中 3. 虚拟语气在主从、宾从、表从、同位语 从、定从和状从中的应用 4. 其他用法 动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 分词 4. 独立主格
句法 一、句子成分和句子种类 1.句子成分 2.句子种类 2.主谓一致的几种情况 2.主语从句 3.宾语从句 4.表语从句 5.同位语从句 6.直接引语和间接引语 2.定语从句的分类 3.关系代词 4.关系副词 5.介词+关系代词 6.注意事项 7.定语从句和同位语从句的区别 8.定语从句和短语的转化 2.地点状语从句 3.条件状语从句 4.目的状语从句 5.原因状语从句 6.结果状语从句 7.让步状语从句 8.比较状语从句 9.方式状语从句 10.状语从句的省略 六、特殊句式 1.there be结构 倒装 强调 省略 5.插入语 七、情景交际 1.社会交往 2.态度 3.情感
专题1 语法填空 【构建知识体系】 2015-2017年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计（新课标I卷） 动词形容词副词名词代词冠词介词连词2015年 4 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 2016年 3 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 2017年 4 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 【考纲解读】 考试大纲要求考纲解读《普通高中英语课程 标准(实验)》明确指出： 高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容(教育部)。 考查考生对 语法、词汇和语 用知识的掌握情 况。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语 法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变 形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和 语境化特征。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 1.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对 于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。 1. as 考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为，以... 身份”，故填as。 2. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some 可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。 3. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。 故填to process。 4. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉分析可知fat，salt和move之间是 被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
高考英语语法练习题精选（一）100题 1. —I put him down for a well-educated man. —___________ ?—I mean that he's a well-educated man. A. I beg your pardon B. Speak louder, will you C. What's that D. Will you repeat word for word 2. He__________ he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to took difficult.A. hopes B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped 3. —ou___________ stop me. —Even if you __________it, I won't allow you to swim across the river. A. mustn't; dare not do B. may ; dare not do C. can; dare to do D. needn't; dare do 4. ___________she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. If B. That C. When D. Because 5. She had golden hair when she was a child, but_________ she got older and older, her hair went darker and darker. A. while B. when C. after D. as 6. I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having made C. making D. to make 7. I often have conversations with John over telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by__________ letter. A. 不填;;the B. 不填;a C. the;不填 D. the; a 8. The most favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. A. where B. when C. that D. which 9. —You don't seem to be quite yourself today. What's wrong? —Oh, I'm suffering from a cold. Nothing serious, A. yet B. indeed C. though D. anyway 10.___________lessons were not difficult. A. Our few first short English B. Our first few short English C. Our few first English short D. Few our first English short 11. Mr. Smith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea 2,000,000 dollars. A. at B. for C. to D. by 12. —Which one can I take? —-You can take__________ of them; I'll keep none. A. both B. any C. either D. all 13. What a pity! He____________ the only chance of success. A. threw away B. put down C. gave in D. broke off 14. —Come in, please. Make yourself at home. —I'm glad you like it. A. Thanks. You have a nice place here. B. Oh, this picture is so beautiful! C. Thanks. What nice food you've prepared!D OK. Let me look around your new house. 15. _________ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved 16. —How much is the T-shirt ___________?—65 dollars. A. worth B. cost C worthy D. paid 17. —Glad to meet you.—____________ A. So do I. B. How are you? C. How do you do? D. The same to you. 18. —Can I drive on the free way, Mr. Green? —You can when you____________ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get 19. It is generally considered unwise to give a child___________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 20. For many Beijingers, dreams of living in ___________ green area are becoming___________ reality. A. a; a B. the; the C. 不填;不填 D. 不填;a 21. My money ___________ . I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand. A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out 22. For quite____________ students, their teacher’s advice is more important than___________ of their parents’. A. few ; one B. a few; that C. a little ; some D. a lot; many 23. __________ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 24. On the long journey, Peter ________ a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time. A. practiced B. behaved C. proved D. conducted 25. --Do you live____________ near Jim? --No, he lives in another part of the town. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. everywhere 26. This photo of mine was taken__________ stood the famous high tower. A. which B. in which C. where D. there 27. Some of the suspects(嫌疑犯) refused to answer and kept their mouths shut. A. questioning B. being questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned He had little idea that it was getting so late, ___________ ? A. didn't he B. wasn't it C. did he D. was it 29. Peter won't drive us to the station. He has___________ to take us all. A. a very small car B. too small a car C. a too small car D. such a small car 30. You____________ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. too small a car C. have always watched D. have always been watchi 31.— You must be excited about going to Japan for schooling. —__________ , but I'm afraid I can't do well because Japanese is poor. A. Never mind B. Well, I ought to C. I don’t know yet D. Certainly not 32. —What do you think of your nephew? —He__________ be very naughty but at the same time you poor. A. will ; will B. won't; can't C. may ; may D. can; can't 33. Exercise is__________ as any other to lose unwanted weight. A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way 34. —____________ you_________ the editor at the airport?