物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文
北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
外文文献原稿和译文
原稿
logistics distribution center location factors:
(1) the goods distribution and quantity. This is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. Distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. The quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. Goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and reducing conveying process unnecessary waste.
(2) transportation conditions. The location of logistics
distribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. In the conditional, distribution center should be as close to the railway station, port and highway.
(3) land conditions. Logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. Is the use of the existing land or land again? Land price? Whether to
conform to the requirements of the plan for the government, and so on,
in the construction distribution center have considered.
(4) commodities flow. Enterprise production of consumer goods as the
population shift and change, should according to enterprise's better distribution system positioning. Meanwhile, industrial products market will transfer change, in order to determine the raw materials and semi-finished products of commodities such as change of flow in the location of logistics distribution center should be considered when the flow of the specific conditions of the relevant goods.
(5) other factors. Such as labor, transportation and service convenience degree, investment restrictions, etc.
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity and
strain capacity
of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center(At present，most of the research on logistics cost concentrates off theoretical analysis of direct
factors of logistics cost, and solves the problem of over-high logistics Cost mainly by direct channel solution(This research stresses on the view of how to loeate distribution center, analyzes the
influence of locating distribution center on logistics cost(and finds one kind of simple and easy location
method by carrying on the location analysis of distribution center through computer modeling and the application of Exeel(So the location of agricultural product logistics
distribution center can be achieved scientifically and reasonably, which will attain the goal of reducing logistics cost, and have a decision(making support function to the
logisties facilities and planning of agricultural product(
The agricultural product logistics distribution center deals with dozens and even hundreds of clients every day, and transactions are made in high-frequency. If the distribution center is far away from other distribution points，the moving and
transporting of materials and the collecting of operational data is inconvenient and costly. costly(The modernization of agricultural product logistics s distribution center is a complex engineering system，not only involves logistics technology, information technology, but also logistics management ideas and its methods，in particular the
specifying of strategic location and business model is essential for the constructing of distribution center. How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity and
strain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center. The so—called logistics costs refers to the expenditure
summation of manpower, material and financial resources in the moving process of the goods(such as loading and unloading，conveying，transport，storage，circulating，
processing, information processing and other segments. In a word。
the logistics cost is
the cost of completing all logisties activities(And the
responsibility of reducing
109isties cost not only relies on the logistics section，but also on the establishment
of”business strategy”to a great extent(In chain operation(to l ower total logistics cost
of distribution center is a strong support of chain
supermarket’s”profit”. The logistics cost in chain operation occupies
a large proportion of the cost of the entire
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
circulation(The chain super market company’s logistics cost in developed countries such as The United States(Japan and Europe usually accounts for 4-6,of the
sales(The logistics cost of cold storage distribution (including frozen，chilled) is 2(5
times the logistics cost of normal temperature distribution(If the special attention is
not paid to the accounting of logistics cost of distribution center, it would like to bring the serious consequence to the enterprise( The best location of agricultural product logistics distribution
ce nter should be located nearby “River Garden” through above computer modeling analysis; it is the minimum transport cost from each of 5 points to the location. There are many uncertain factors difficult to be measured in actual applications, which can be solved by adjusting transport rat Ri. This location can basically meet the demand. he key of the model’s application is the accurate substitution of the maps, and it is not difficult
to figure out(In actual logistics practice，possibly involving tens or even hundreds of
distribution points，the use of computer methods will be very valuable。Theoretically
speaking，although its precision has certain error;compared to the traditional location
method depending on subjective imagination(it is scientific somewhat(Additionally,
the above-mentioned method is concise，and no advanced computer programming
technology is needed，as long as with certain computer knowledge and operating skills，anyone can complete it，and easily apply it to logistics practice(Experiences
from abroad shows that the correct location of agricultural product logistics distribution center will help the healthy and Orderly development of logistics industry(
The rapid industrialization and growth of many countries around the world has spurred the development of supply chains management reach around the world. Supply chain management is the management which increases the value of supply chain. It is the process of plan, moderateness and control among departments and organizations in the whole supply chain to the flow of goods, information and capital etc.
Its purpose is to maximize net value and increase operational efficiency and effectiveness to all related process through system optimization.
Supply chain management is the high stage of logistics development, which provide opportunities for manufacturers to cut costs and be closer to emerging and
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
high growth markets but it has also created new risks. As supply chains become more and more dependent on the efficient of logistics center in supply chain have great influence to the modern logistics. It play an important role in making use of logistic resources, upgrading logistics technology and logistics equipment, improving quality of service, improving logistics investment environment, promoting the growth of the third party logistics provider. In addition, the site selection of logistics distribution center is an important part of
logistics planning, and the quality of site selection program has a directly influence to service cost and scope of the whole logistics system.
Our model is a variant of the standard fixed charge capacitated facility location models with several sources; which has the same constraints but uses a non-linear objective function to capture the operational aspects of lead times and service level explicitly. As site selection of logistics distribution center is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, we discuss the use of genetic algorithms (GA) for solving the site selection problem. The advantage of GA is that their chromosomes representations depend on the constraints and not the objective function. Thus, by modifying only the fitness function, we can use a given representation to develop GA to optimize different objectives under the same constraints.
Site selection of logistics distribution centers is a kind of NP
hard
(，problem When the number of vendors and delivers creasethe complexity of the
(，problem grows in the form of exponential At the process of site selectionthis
，，paper consider the factors among vendorsdealersdistribution centers and the
optimization problems under supply chain management etc and design me solution
(，model and test the model with mat lab at last At present the theoretical study and
practical application of the optimization problem is relatively less for the system of
(，Site selection under me whole supply chain management Sothis paper proposes the
practice model of the problem and test it with GA has a center significance of research. However, this paper simplifies the cost of delivery path, the impact of certain storage management strategy and administrative measures to site selection of distribution centers are not considered too, etc. Those problems are all the focus in our future study.
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
The iron and steel industry has enormous logistics components; it is under constant pressure to shorten delivery time, improve quality, reduce cost, and improve service. Therefore, how to control the
logistics costs under the existing condition is the urgent problem for the iron and steel enterprises.
In recent years, many researchers have conducted studies on
Logistics Cost Management. For cost control of iron and steel enterprises, these studies mainly took the viewpoint of production logistics and production techniques.
As present, the logistics cost control of small and medium-sized
iron and steel enterprises mainly have the following major problems: In order to prevent interruption of the supply of raw materials, the enterprises overstock raw material and work in progress.The inventory of raw materials, semi-finished products, and purchased components is determined according to stock requirement, rather than driven by the orders books.After decades of development, production logistics
situation has become more complicated. It has brought more and more challenges to the day-to-day business operation and planning of the enterprises.
We assume that the production capacity of enterprises can fully meet the needs of the market; the location and sales volume of each wholesaler and its customers have been identified; and the location of resources and the volume of resources have been identified; the finished work to the logistics center can be ignored; and the delivery fee from the logistics center to the wholesalers and customers is constant.
The supply and distribution networks and demand volume of CW Group are as shown in Fig.1. According to the logistics center location model in (2),the longitude and latitude coordinates are calculated
as(105.7,26.5). Thus, the logistics center is to be built at Longquan in Chengdu. In 2006, CW Group Corporation has developed a complete
logistics distribution map, established a database of its distributed inventory, rationalized the c ompany’s external transportation routes, optimized the flow of goods and materials, continued to reduce the rate
of empty vehicles and improved efficiency, integrated the logistics resources in Lianjie, Zizhong, Longquan, Xichang, and Chongqing, and optimized the logistics transportation costs.
Based on the concept of a logistics center, the corporation has formed integrated logistics infrastructure using Longquan as the center, and projecting its capability to
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
as far afield as Yunnan,Guizhou,Shanxi,Chongqing and other provinces, integrating road, railway, warehousing and distribution service. It has achieved a logistics operating revenue of 277 million Yuan (RMB) and a profit of 12.5 million Yuan in 2006. The third-party logistics group has achieved a 1.75 million Yuan revenue outside the corporation.
This paper establishes a logistics center location model to optimize the enterprises logistics network and reduce inventory and
transportation costs.This paper also provides a case study, showing that this method can effectively enhance the logistics cost control of small and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises and effectively reduce the company’s transportation and logistics operating costs.
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
译文
物流配送中心选址的影响因素 :(1)货物分布和数量。这是配送中心配送的对象，如货物来源和去向的分布情况、历史和现在以及将来的预测和发展等。配送中
心应该尽可能地与生产地和配送区域形成短距离优化。货物数量是随配送规模的增长而不断增长的。货物增长率越高，越是要求配送中心选址的合理性，从而减少输送过程中不必要的浪费。(2)运输条件。物流配送中心的选址应接近交通运输枢纽，使配送中心形成物流过程中的一个恰当的结点。在有条件的情况下，配送中心应尽可能靠近铁路货运站、港口及公路。(3)用地条件。物流配送中心的占地问题在土地日益昂贵的今天显得越来越重要。是利用现有的土地，还是重新征地,地价如何,是否符合政府规划要求等等，在建设配送中心时都要进行综合考虑。 (4)商品流动。企业生产的消费品随着人口的转移而变化，应据此更好地为企业的配送系统定位。同时，工业产品市场也会转移变化，为了确定原材料和半成品等商品的流动变化情况，在进行物流配送中心的选址时，应考虑有关商品流动的具体情况。
(5)其他因素。如劳动力、运输与服务的方便程度、投资额的限制等。
如何降低物流成本，提高适应能力和应变能力是一个配送中心，农产品物流配送中心，重点研究的问题。目前，对物流的研究集中了最经济的物流成本的直接因素理论分析，解决了在高物流问题的成本主要由直接通道解决方案。这项研究对配送中心如何选址的观点来讲，分析了定位的配送中心物流成本的影响。并找到一种简单的，容易被定位的一种方法账面上，通过计算机模拟的配送中心选址分析及应用，因此对农业产品的物流配送中心的位置。才能实现科学，合理，这将达到降低物流成本的目标，并作出决定。决策支持功能到物流设施和农业产品规划。
农产品物流配送和客户有数十甚至数百个每天和交易中心的交易是在高频率。如果配送中心是远离其他经销点，移动和材料运输和业务数据采集不便，成本高。在现代化建设中的农产品物流配送中心是一个复杂的工程系统，不仅涉及具体的战略定位和商业模式指定的物流技术，信息技术，而且还物流管理理念和方法，对于构建基本的分布中心。如何降低物流成本，提高适应能力和应变能力是一个配送中心，农产品物流配送中心，重点研究的问题。所谓物流成本是指在货物移动过程中
的人力，物力，财力的支出总和。如装卸，搬运，运输，储存，流通，加工，信息处理等领域。总之，物流成本是完成所有物流活动的费用。和降低
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
物流责任成本不仅依赖于物流节，但也对“经营策略”，以一个伟大的供应链连锁经营，降低总的物流配送中心的成本是连锁超市的大力支持“利润“。连锁超市公司的物流成本在发达国家大部分费用冷库分布(包括冷藏冷冻)为2.5倍，常温储存，如果物流成本特别注意的是不支付给物流配送中心的成本会计，它会给企业带来严重的后果。
在农产品物流配送中心的最佳位置应位于通过上述计算机模拟分析附近的“河园”，它是从每题5分运输成本最低的位置。有许多不确定因素很难在实际应用中测量，它可以通过调整运输解决。这个位置可以基本满足需求。他对模型的应用程序的关键是准确的地图取代，这是不难作出的实际物流图，可能涉及数十甚至数百个分销点，电脑使用方法将是非常宝贵的。理论上讲，虽然它的精度有一定的误差相对于传统的定位方法依赖于主观意见.它是比较科学的，此外，上面提到的方法简明，没有先进的计算机编程技术是必要的，具有一定的电脑知识，只要和操作技能，任何人都可以完成它，也很容易申请到国外物流经验，实践表明，农产品物流配送中心的正确位置将有助于物流业的健康有序发展。
快速工业化和世界各地的许多国家的增长刺激了对供应链管理的发展达到世界各地。供应链管理是管理这增加了供应链的价值。这是规划，适度和部门之间以及在整个供应链的货物流通组织控制过程中，信息和资金等，其目的是最大限度地增加净值，通过系统的运作效率和效力的所有相关流程优化。
供应链管理是物流的发展，这为制造商提供机会，降低成本并更贴近新兴市场和高增长市场，而且它也创造了新的风险较高的阶段。由于供应链变得越来越多的
物流中心在供应链效率有很大的影响力依赖于现代物流业。发挥它在使后勤资源，提升物流技术和物流设备，提高服务质量，改善物流投资环境，促进第三方物流供应商发展的重要作用。此外，物流配送中心选址是物流规划的重要组成部分，而选址方案的质量有直接影响服务的成本和整个物流系统的范围。
我们的模型是一个标准的固定设施的能力受限与数位模型充电源变体;它具有同样的限制，但使用非线性目标函数来捕捉交货期和服务水平的明确的业务方面。作为站点的物流配送中心选址是一个离散组合优化问题。在本论文中，我们讨论选址问题解决了(GA)的遗传算法的使用。了遗传算法的优点是，他们的染色体陈述的约束和目标函数不依赖。因此，只有通过修改的健身功能，我们可以使用一个给定的代表性GA的发展相同的约束下，优化不同的目标。
网站的物流配送中心选址是一个NP难问题的一种。当供应商的数量和提供的折痕，这个问题的复杂性的增加的指数形式。在选址过程中，本文考虑厂商之间的因素，经销商，分销中心和供应链管理下的优化等我解决问题和设计模型和测试，最后用垫实验室模型。目前，
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
理论研究和实际应用的优化问题是相对的选址系统少在我整个供应链管理。因此，本文提出的模型和测试问题的实践与GA它有一个研究中心的意义。然而，本文简化了传递路径的成本，某些存储管理战略和行政措施的影响配送中心的工地，不考虑太多的选择，等等这些问题都是我们今后研究的重点。
钢铁行业已经部分巨大的物流，它的压力下不断缩短交货期，提高质量，降低成本，提高服务的。因此，如何控制现有条件下的物流成本是钢铁企业亟待解决的问题:
1、近年来，许多研究人员进行物流成本管理的研究。出于成本的钢铁企业的控制，这些研究主要是采取了生产物流和生产技术的观点。至于目前，小型和中小型钢铁企业的物流成本控制主要有以下主要问题:
2、为了防止原材料，企业库存积压的原材料和供应中断正在进行的工作。
3、对原材料，半成品，并购买部分库存确定是根据股票的要求，而不是由订单驱动的书籍。
经过几十年的发展，生产物流形势更加复杂。它带来了越来越多的挑战，日常的日常业务运作及企业的规划。我们假设企业的生产能力完全可以满足市场的需求，地点和销售的每个批发商和客户数量已经确定，以及对资源的位置和已查明资源量;完成的工作物流中心可以忽略;并从物流中心配送费用，批发商和客户是不变的。
供应和分销网络和需求的CW集团体积图所示。据物流中心选址模型(2)，经度和纬度坐标计算(105.7,26.5)。因此，物流中心要在成都龙泉建成。
2006年，CW集团公司已开发出完整的物流分布图，建立了其分布式库存数据库，理顺公司的对外运输通道，优化了物资流，继续减少空车和提高效率的综合，速率在资中，龙泉，西昌，重庆物流资源，优化了物流运输成本。对物流中心的概念的基础上，该公司已形成了以综合物流基础设施为中心，龙泉，和预测的能力，
尽可能云南，贵州，山西，重庆等省市，整合公路，铁路，仓储和配送更远服务。它实现了物流业务收入277万元(人民币)和2006
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北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文
年的1250万元利润。在第三方物流集团已经实现了境外公司175万元的收入。本文建立了一个物流中心，以优化企业物流网络，减少库存和运输成本选址模型。本文还提供了一个案例研究，表明该方法可以有效地提高小型和中型钢铁企业的物流成本控制，有效降低了公司的运输和物流运营成本。
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华北电力大学科技学院 毕业设计（论文）附件 外文文献翻译 学号：121912020115姓名：彭钰钊 所在系别：动力工程系专业班级：测控技术与仪器12K1指导教师：李冰 原文标题：Infrared Remote Control System Abstract 2016 年 4 月 19 日
红外遥控系统 摘要 红外数据通信技术是目前在世界范围内被广泛使用的一种无线连接技术，被众多的硬件和软件平台所支持。红外收发器产品具有成本低，小型化，传输速率快，点对点安全传输，不受电磁干扰等特点，可以实现信息在不同产品之间快速、方便、安全地交换与传送，在短距离无线传输方面拥有十分明显的优势。红外遥控收发系统的设计在具有很高的实用价值，目前红外收发器产品在可携式产品中的应用潜力很大。全世界约有1亿5千万台设备采用红外技术，在电子产品和工业设备、医疗设备等领域广泛使用。绝大多数笔记本电脑和手机都配置红外收发器接口。随着红外数据传输技术更加成熟、成本下降，红外收发器在短距离通讯领域必将得到更广泛的应用。 本系统的设计目的是用红外线作为传输媒质来传输用户的操作信息并由接收电路解调出原始信号，主要用到编码芯片和解码芯片对信号进行调制与解调，其中编码芯片用的是台湾生产的PT2262，解码芯片是PT2272。主要工作原理是：利用编码键盘可以为PT2262提供的输入信息，PT2262对输入的信息进行编码并加载到38KHZ的载波上并调制红外发射二极管并辐射到空间，然后再由接收系统接收到发射的信号并解调出原始信息，由PT2272对原信号进行解码以驱动相应的电路完成用户的操作要求。 关键字：红外线；编码；解码；LM386；红外收发器。 1 绪论
译文资料： 机器人 首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发展归功于在第二次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。另一方面它也是生产力发展的需求的必然结果，也是人类自身发展的必然结果，那么随着人类的发展，人们在不断探讨自然过程中，在认识和改造自然过程中，需要能够解放人的一种奴隶。那么这种奴隶就是代替人们去能够从事复杂和繁重的体力劳动，实现人们对不可达世界的认识和改造，这也是人们在科技发展过程中的一个客观需要。 机器人有三个发展阶段，那么也就是说，我们习惯于把机器人分成三类，一种是第一代机器人，那么也叫示教再现型机器人，它是通过一个计算机，来控制一个多自由度的一个机械，通过示教存储程序和信息，工作时把信息读取出来，然后发出指令，这样的话机器人可以重复的根据人当时示教的结果，再现出这种动作，比方说汽车的点焊机器人，它只要把这个点焊的过程示教完以后，它总是重复这样一种工作，它对于外界的环境没有感知，这个力操作力的大小，这个工件存在不存在，焊的好与坏，它并不知道，那么实际上这种从第一代机器人，也就存在它这种缺陷，因此，在20世纪70年代后期，人们开始研究第二代机器人，叫带感觉的机器人，这种带感觉的机器人是类似人在某种功能的感觉，比如说力觉、触觉、滑觉、视觉、听觉和人进行相类比，有了各种各样的感觉，比方说在机器人抓一个物体的时候，它实际上力的大小能感觉出来，它能够通过视觉，能够去感受和识别它的形状、大小、颜色。抓一个鸡蛋，它能通过一个触觉，知道它的力的大小和滑动的情况。第三代机器人，也是我们机器人学中一个理想的所追求的最高级的阶段，叫智能机器人，那么只要告诉它做什么，不用告诉它怎么去做，它就能完成运动，感知思维和人机通讯的这种功能和机能，那么这个目前的发展还是相对的只是在局部有这种智能的概念和含义，但真正完整意义的这种智能机器人实际上并没有存在，而只是随着我们不断的科学技术的发展，智能的概念越来越丰富，它内涵越来越宽。 下面我简单介绍一下我国机器人发展的基本概况。由于我们国家存在很多其
文献翻译 原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to
人工智能的形成及其发展现状分析 冯海东 （长江大学管理学院荆州434023） 摘要：人工智能的历史并不久远，故将从人工智能的出现、形成、发展现 状及前景几个方面对其进行分析，总结其发展过程中所出现的问题，以及发展现状中的不足之处，分析其今后的发展方向。 关键词：人工智能，发展过程，现状分析，前景。 一．引言 人工智能最早是在1936年被英国的科学家图灵提出，并不为多数人所认知。 当时，他编写了一个下象棋的程序，这就是最早期的人工智能的应用。也有著名的“图灵测试”，这也是最初判断是否是人工智能的方案,因此，图灵被尊称为“人工智能之父”。人工智能从产生到发展经历了一个起伏跌宕的过程，直到目前为止，人工智能的应用技术也不是很成熟，而且存在相当的缺陷。 通过搜集的资料，将详细的介绍人工智能这个领域的具体情况，剖析其面临的挑战和未来的前景。 二．人工智能的发展历程 1. 1956年前的孕育期 (1) 从公元前伟大的哲学家亚里斯多德(Aristotle)到16世纪英国哲学家培根(F. Bacon)，他们提出的形式逻辑的三段论、归纳法以及“知识就是力量”的警句，都对人类思维过程的研究产生了重要影响。 （2）17世纪德国数学家莱布尼兹(G..Leibniz)提出了万能符号和推理计算思想，为数理逻辑的产生和发展奠定了基础，播下了现代机器思维设计思想的种子。而19世纪的英国逻辑学家布尔（G. Boole）创立的布尔代数，实现了用符号语言描述人类思维活动的基本推理法则。 （3） 20世纪30年代迅速发展的数学逻辑和关于计算的新思想，使人们在计算机出现之前，就建立了计算与智能关系的概念。被誉为人工智能之父的英国天才的数学家图灵（A. Tur-ing）在1936年提出了一种理想计算机的数学模型，即图灵机之后,1946年就由美国数学家莫克利（J. Mauchly）和埃柯特（J. Echert）研制出了世界上第一台数字计算机，它为人工智能的研究奠定了不可缺少的物质基础。1950年图灵又发表了“计算机与智能”的论文，提出了著名的“图灵测试”，形象地指出什么是人工智能以及机器具有智能的标准，对人工智能的发展产生了极其深远的影响。 （4） 1934年美国神经生理学家麦克洛奇(W. McCulloch) 和匹兹(W. Pitts )建立了第一个神经网络模型，为以后的人工神经网络研究奠定了基础。 2. 1956年至1969年的诞生发育期 (1)1956年夏季，麻省理工学院（MIT)的麦卡锡（J．McCarthy）、明斯基（M. Minshy）、塞尔夫里奇（O. Selfridge)与索罗门夫(R. Solomonff)、 IBM的洛
毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程
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Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of
智能照明系统的外文文献原稿和译文
Introduction Introduction With the continuous development of our economy, rapidly rising living standards, people working and living environment have become increasingly demanding, while the lighting system requirements have become more sophisticated, the traditional lighting technology has been a strong blow. On the one hand because of information technology and computer technology changes in lighting technology, providing technical support; the other hand, due to energy shortage, the state more and more attention on energysaving lighting, new lighting control technology to develop rapidly to meet with By energy conservation, comfort, convenience requirements. Lighting control lighting control from the traditional manual method, automated lighting control to today's intelligent lighting control. Intelligent lighting control system is based on computercontrolled alldigital platform, modular, distributed bus control system, the central processor modules communicate directly through the network bus, the bus makes use of lighting, dimming, blinds, scene control to achieve intelligent, and become a complete bus system. Can be based on changes in the external environment in the device automatically adjust the status of the bus to reach safety, energy conservation, human effects, and can use in the future, in accordance with the requirements of users through the computer Way to increase or modify the system's functionality, without having to relaying of cables, intelligent lighting control system, high reliability, flexible control, lighting control is the traditional way can not be done. The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System components Intelligent lighting control system is usually dimmer module, switch module, input module, the control panel, liquid crystal display touch screen, smart sensors, PC interface, time management module, handheld programmer, monitoring computer (need to bridge a large network connection) and other components composition.
我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入
人工智能 【摘要】：人工智能是一门极富挑战性的科学，但也是一门边沿学科。它属于自然科学和社会科学的交叉。涉及的学科主要有哲学、认知科学、数学、神经生理学、心理学、计算机科学、信息论、控制论、不定性论、仿生学等。人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)，英文缩写为AI。它是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学。人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，它企图了解智能的实质，并生产出一种新的能以人类智能相似的方式做出反应的智能机器，该领域的研究包括机器人、语言识别、图像识别、自然语言处理和专家系统等1。 【关键词】：人工智能；应用领域；发展方向；人工检索。 1．人工智能描述 人工智能(Artificial Intelligence) ，英文缩写为AI。它是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学2。人工智能是计 算机科学的一个分支，它企图了解智 能的实质，并生产出一种新的能以人 类智能相似的方式作出反应的智能 机器，该领域的研究包括机器人、语 言识别、图像识别、自然语言处理和 专家系统等。“人工智能”一词最初 是在1956 年Dartmouth学会上提出 的。从那以后,研究者们发展了众多 理论和原理,人工智能的概念也随之扩展。人工智能是一门极富挑战性的科学，从事这项工作的人必须懂得计算机知识，心理学和哲学。人工智能是包括十分广泛的科学，它由不同的领域组成，如机器学习，计算机视觉等等，总的说来，人工智能研究的一个主要目标是使机器能够胜任一些通常需要人类智能才能完成的复杂工作。但不同的时代、不同的人对这种“复杂工作”的理解是不同的。例如繁重的科学和工程计算本来是要人脑来承担的，现在计算机不但能完成这种计算, 而且能够比人脑做得更快、更准确，因之当代人已不再把这种计算看作是“需要人类智能才能完成的复 1.蔡自兴，徐光祐.人工智能及其应用.北京：清华大学出版社，2010 2元慧·议当人工智能的应用领域与发展状态〖Ｊ〗．2008
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广东工业大学华立学院 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文参考文献译文及原文 系部经济学部 专业经济学 年级 2007级 班级名称 07经济学6班 学号 16020706001 学生姓名张瑜琴 指导教师陈锶 2011 年05月
目录 1挑战：小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 (1) 2什么商业银行带给小额贷款和什么把他们留在外 (2) 3 商业银行的四个模型进入小额贷款之内 (4) 3.1内在的单位 (4) 3.2财务子公司 (5) 3.3策略的同盟 (5) 3.4服务公司模型 (6) 4 合法的形式和操作的结构比较 (8) 5 服务的个案研究公司模型：厄瓜多尔和Haiti5 (9)
1 挑战：小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 商业银行已经是逐渐重要的运动员在拉丁美洲中的小额贷款服务的发展2到小额贷款市场是小额贷款的好消息客户因为银行能提供他们一完整类型的财务的服务，包括信用，储蓄和以费用为基础的服务。整体而言，它也对小额贷款重要，因为与他们广泛的身体、财务的和人类。如果商业银行变成重的运动员在小额贷款，他们能提供非常强烈的竞争到传统的小额贷款机构。资源，银行能廉宜地发射而且扩张小额贷款服务rela tively。如果商业广告银行在小额贷款中成为严重的运动员，他们能提出非常强烈的竞争给传统的小额贷款机构。然而，小额贷款社区里面有知觉哪一商业银行进入进入小额贷款将会是短命或浅的。举例来说，有知觉哪一商业银行首先可能不搬进小额贷款因为时候建立小额贷款操作到一个有利润的水平超过银行的标准投资时间地平线。或，在进入小额贷款，银行之后可能移动在－上面藉由增加贷款数量销售取利润最大值－或者更坏的事，退出如果他们是不满意与小额贷款的收益性的水平。这些知觉已经被特性加燃料商业银行的情形进入小额贷款和后来的出口之内。在最极端的，一些开业者已经甚至宣布，”降低尺度死！”而且抛弃了与主意合作的商业银行。 在最 signific 看得到的地方，蚂蚁利益商业银行可能带给小额贷款，国际的ACCION 发展发射而且扩张的和一些商业银行的关系小额贷款操作。在这些情形的大部分方面， ACCION 和它的合伙人正在使用方法，已知的当做服务公司模型，表演早答应当做一个能工作的方法克服真正的。 商业银行的障碍进入和穿越建立长命的小额贷款操作一个商业银行 这论文描述如何服务公司模型、住址商业银行中的主要议题进入进小额贷款，监定成功建立的因素动作井小额贷款服务公司，和礼物结果和小额贷款的课servic e 公司用最长的经验，在海地和审判官席 del 的 SOGEBANK│ SOGESOL 初期结果指出那这服务公司模型表现一重要的突破在促成商业银行进入和留在小额贷款。在厄瓜多尔的 Pichincha│ CREDIFE。初期结果指出服务公司模型在促成商业广告中表现一次重要的突破银行进入而且留在小额贷款。
外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 JSP JSP (JavaServer Pages) is initiated by Sun Microsystems, Inc., with many companies to participate in the establishment of a dynamic web page technical standards. JSP technology somewhat similar to ASP technology, it is in the traditional HTML web page document (*. htm, *. html) to insert the Java programming paragraph (Scriptlet) and JSP tag (tag), thus JSP documents (*. jsp). Using JSP development of the Web application is cross-platform that can run on Linux, is also available for other operating systems. JSP technology to use the Java programming language prepared by the category of XML tags and scriptlets, to produce dynamic pages package processing logic. Page also visit by tags and scriptlets exist in the services side of the resources of logic. JSP page logic and web page design and display separation, support reusable component-based design, Web-based application development is rapid and easy. Web server in the face of visits JSP page request, the first implementation of the procedures of, and then together with the results of the implementation of JSP documents in HTML code with the return to the customer. Insert the Java programming operation of the database can be re-oriented websites, in order to achieve the establishment of dynamic pages needed to function. JSP and Java Servlet, is in the implementation of the server, usually returned to the client is an HTML text, as long as the client browser will be able to visit. JSP pages from HTML code and Java code embedded in one of the components. The server was in the pages of client requests after the Java code and then will generate the HTML pages to return to the client browser. Java Servlet JSP is the technical foundation and large-scale Web application development needs of Java Servlet and JSP support to
南京工程学院 英文文献及译文 作者：邵亚雯学号：209090712 系部：经济管理学院 专业：信息管理与信息系统 题目：社区自助歌曲点播平台的开发与设计 指导者：金卫健讲师 2010 年 4 月
Information Technology Support System of Supply Chain Management HUA JIANG ，JING YANG School of Economy and Management; School of KeXin HeBei university of engeneering Han Dan 056038 CHINA Abstract: - Effective supply chain management is built on the basis of the high quality of information transmission and sharing, This will rely heavily on information technology to provide reliable support. In this paper, against the characteristics of the supply chain information flow, discuss the impact of information technology on supply chain management and support system which information technology form in the supply chain management. Key-Words: - Supply chain management; Information technology; Support System; Information flow; Supply chain; Information 1 Introduction Supply Chain Management (SCM) rise is attributed to enterprises trying to eliminate production and inventory plans misleading as information slow transmission or errors. In 1990s, some of computer manufacturers such as HP, or P & G which product household appliances begin integrate information systems of down-upstream, hope to archieve purposes for rapid responsion to the demand of market and lower inventory by correct and rapid transmission, analysis and integration of information. Therefore, effective supply chain management is built on the basis of the high quality of information transmission and sharing, This will rely heavily on information technology to provide reliable support. In today's age, information has become a key factor in the decision to the survival and development of enterprises, any business must face the issue of how to integrate information. Information is from both the vertical information of the upstream and downstream firms and the horizontal information of the internal enterprise, as well as