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同位语从句及同位语

同位语从句及同位语
同位语从句及同位语

10级A班第六组作业

同位语从句

一、同位语从句的概念在复合句中用作名词的从句叫同位语从句, 其主要用途就是对前面的名词做进一步解释说明该名词的具体内容。

可以跟同位语从句的名词通常就

是: news,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message ,suggestion,word, possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish 例句: I just got word that he is not coming this evening 、

Wehaven 't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summervacation 、The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever

There is no doubt that he is guilty 、

There is great doubt whether he did so or not 、

二.同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常就是抽象名词, 常见的有:idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability 例句:

等等。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new

clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣, 对这个问题骗子就是怎样解释的? The news that his heath is failing made us sad 、

她健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。

I have no idea where they are spending their holidays 、我不知道她们在哪里度假。

The question who should do the work requires consideration 、谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑

There is no doubt that he will come here again 、她会再来这里, 这就是毫无疑问的。He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents 、她被就是否接受她们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。

三.同位语从句的引导词

1、连词that 引导同位语从句

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong 、您认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法就是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane 她拿起了手提箱, 给人的印象就是她要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

以下名词常用于以上句型:

advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word

【注意1】 在某些名词(如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution 等)后面的同位语从

句要用虚

拟语气。如: There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team 、 有一项建议就是布朗应该离队。 The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman 、 采纳新规则的建议就是主席提出的。 The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried 、 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。 I can un dersta nd their eager ness that you should be the main sp

eaker 、 我理解她们希望您作主要发言人的殷切心情。 【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词

that 通常不省略,在非正式语体中that 可以省略。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the imp ressi on he was board ing the Tokyo plane 、 她拿起了手提箱,给人的印象就是她要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2、 连词whether 引导同位语从句 The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 、我们就是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 We are not in vestigat ing the questi on whether he is trustworthy 、 我们不就是在调查她就是否可以信任的问题。 【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句,但if 不能引导同位语从句。 whether "就是否”可以引导:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句。 if “就是否”,只能引导宾语从句与表语从句 3、 其它引导词引导的同位语从句 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 1) 、I have no idea what size shoes she wears

定语) 2) 、I have no idea which wine is best — it 'a matter of personal taste

知道哪种酒最好,这就是个人口味的问题。(which 作定语)

3) 、 The question who will take his place is still not clear 4、 连接副词引导同位语从句 连接畐y 词 when, where, how, why We have n'tyet settled the questi on where we are going to spend our summer vacation 、至U 哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。 四.同位语从句的用法 掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题 : 1、 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面 整个句子的结构显得平衡,即为分离同位语从句。例如 He got the n ews from Mary that the sports meet ing was put off 获知了运动会被推迟的消息。 // Word came that Hussein had bee n cap tured 被捕的消息传来。 2、 同位语从句与定语从句结构相似,通常位于某一名词或代词后面,但两者存在明显 区别:同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明 ,就是该名词性成分具体内容的体现 (相当于 名词的作用)。that 弓I 导的同位语从句中引导词 that 不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分 , 但不能被省略,同位语从句还可以用 whether 、how 等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。定语从 句对先行词加以限制或修饰、

说明先行词的性质或特征 (相当于形容词的作用),定语从句

,不能引导主语从

句。 引导同位语从句 、我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 、(who ,而就是被别的词隔开 (what 作 、我不 作主语) ,以使得 她从玛丽那里 、侯赛因已

的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分

(that 在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当

主语、宾语或者表语,充当定语从句中宾语的that 经常可被省略)。注意体会以下四组例 句:

(1) 第一组例句:

① We can ‘ t solve the problem how we can travel faster than

light

不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。

(how 引导的从句表示其前面的名词 the problem 的具体内容,属于同位语从句)

② I can ' t remember the problem th at they have 、我记不得她们的问题了。

(引导词that 就就是that 引导的从句中have 的宾语,the problem

的具体内容也没有

得到说明,故本句中that 引导的从句就是修饰

problem 的定语从句)

(2) 第二组例句:

① I won ‘ t believe the fact that he lied to his mother 撒谎的事实。

(that 引导同位语从句对fact 的具体内容进行说明,that 在其中不充当具体的句子成

分)

② I won ' t believe the fact (that ) he told me 、我不愿相信她告诉我的事实。

(that 引导定语从句对fact 进行限定,that 在该从句中充当宾语) (3) 第三组例句:

① The n ews that Tom would go abroad is told by him

讲的。

(that 引导同位语从句对 news 的具体内容进行说明,that 在其中不充当具体的句子成

分)

② The n ews that he told me is t 的消息就是汤姆来年将出国。

(句中的第一个that 引导定语从句限定先行词 (4) 第四组例句:

① We have no idea at all where he has

gone

(where 引导同位语从句说明idea 的具体内

② That ' s the place where he was born

(where 引导定语从句限定先行词 place )

五.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常就是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词 ,如

belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , p roblem , pro mise , proof , questi on , report , truth , risk

等。定语

从句的先行词可以指人、物等

2、 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的 that 只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子

成分。whether 与how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。 关系代词与关系副词除

了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分

,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。

、我们解决

、我不愿相信她对母亲 、汤姆将出国的消息就是她

hat Tom would go abroad n ext year 她告诉我

news,第二个that 引导表语从句)

、我们根本不知道她去哪里

了。

引导定语从句的连接词就是关系词,常见的关系代词与关系副词有that , which , who ,

whose , whom , whe n , where , why , as,tha n, but

3、从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间就是所属关系。词作进一步补充解释,就是中心词的具体内容。等。

,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,

同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心

很快下达了发起总攻的命令。

Soon came the order to start the general attack (to start the general attack 与 the order 同位)

He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where

I picked him up 她照吩咐沿某一条街走 , 我在那里接她上了车。 3、 -ing 分词用作同位语

He 's getting a job tonight driving a truck (driving a track 与 a

job 同位) She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts 位。 (ironing shirts 与 a place 同位)

The first plan , attacking at night , was turned down

了。 (attacking at night 与 the first plan

4、 形容词用作同位语

(to walk along …与 the instruction 同位) 她今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职

第一个计划就是夜袭 , 被拒绝

同位) 注:同位语从句就是对名词加以说明 , 而定语从句就是对名词加以限定修饰。 区分同位语从句与定语从句有一种简便方法 , 就就是将“名词 +that ”结构取出 , 能在名词与 that 之间加上 be 动词构成一个表语从句的 ,则就是同位语从句 ,否则就是定语从句。

I have got some news that you may not have heard 、 ( 定语从句 )

The news that Russia had solved the hostage crisis spread all over the world 、

( 同位语从句 )

上面第二句前半部分可变为 :

The news is that Russia had solved the hostage crisis 、

同位语边缘知识归纳

一、 什么叫同位语

当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时 , 若其中一个句子成分就是用于说明 或解释另一个句子成分的 , 那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位 语。如 :

Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview 、

劳拉?迈尔,BBC 的记者,要求采访。

Influenza, a common disease, has no cure 、 流行性感冒就是一种常见病 , 无特效药。 Mary , one of the most intelligent girls I know , is planning to attend the university 玛丽就是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一 ,她正准备上大学。 Who is that man , the first in the front row? 前排第一个人就是谁 ? We have two children , a boy and a girl 、 我们有

两个孩子 , 一个男孩与一个女孩。

以上所举的同位语例子都就是同位语的基本形式 于身本结构特殊 , 或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊 下。 二、 特殊同位语归纳

1、 代词 we , us , you 等后接同位语 Are you two reading? They three joined the school team

She has great concern for us students

He asked you boys to be quiet 、

We girls often go to the movies together

2、 不定式用作同位语

, 一般不会出错。但有几种同位语 , 或

由 , 往往会引起误解。 现小结并举例说明

您们二人在瞧书不 ?

、 她们 3 人参加了校队。

、 她对我们学生很关心。 她要您们男孩子安静些。

、 我们女孩子经常一起去瞧电影。

The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou 、 目前的

交易会 ,就是有史以来规模最大的 , 正在广州举行。

He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign 、 她读了很多

书 , 古今中外都有。

People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade 、 老老少少的人都来到

街头观瞧游行。

【注 】这类同位语与定语比较接近 ,可转换成定语从句。如 :

The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou 、 =The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou 、 5、 none of us 之类的结构用作同位语

We none of us said anything 、 We have none of us large appetites They neither of them wanted to go

They ' ve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence 、

她们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。

【注 】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数” ,如 : 学生每人都有一本词典。

正 :The students each have a dictionary 、 误 :The students each has a dictionary 、 请比较下面一句 ( 谓语用了单数 , 因为 each 为句子主语 ):

正:Each of the students has a dictionary 、 (from www 、yygrammar 、com )

6、 从句用作同位语 (即同位语从句 )

They were worried over the fact that you were sick

、 她们为您生病发愁。

I received a message that she would be late 、 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true 、 明天放假的消息不实。 The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong

您可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法就是错误的。

组员:萨丽娜 孙旺 (同位语从句与定语从句的区别

张新跃 张静(同位语从句的先行词与引导词 姜普宁 吕明翔 (同位语从句 概念与区别 朱慧珍 (同位语从句的用法 )

组长:付丽朴

我们谁也没说话。 、 我们谁饭量都不大。 、 她们两人都不想去。

(完整版)同位语从句和定语从句练习

同位语从句讲解与练习 1定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句,用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。 2.连接词:that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。引导同位语从句时一般都不省略。if一般不引导同位语从句that, whether不作成分,whether表示“是否” E.g. They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来? I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句,在句中作成分。 E.g. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 3.可跟同位语从句的名词或短语 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句,常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有: belief doubt explanation hope idea news opinion possibility statement thought wish truth fact question promise problem reply report suggestion advice fear warning understanding feeling rumor certainty probability on condition on the understanding with the exception in spite of the fact E.g. Daniel will be allowed to make a trip to China on condition that he gets an A in all his school subjects. 4同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1)that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 句法功能上 that引导的同位语从句that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that引导的定语从句that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 同位语从句是被修饰名词的内容。定语从句起限定作用,是定语。 如: The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句,that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句,that在从句中作的宾语,可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2)wh-类词引导的两种从句的区别 who, whom, whose, when, where, why 引导定语从句,它们分别指前面先行词所表示的人、物、时间、地点、原因,否则为同位语从句。在同位语从句中,wh-类词表示疑问。

从句归纳区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句

从句小结 从句总述: 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句(Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clause):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。 状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。 一:时态和语序 1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。 语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二:连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句: He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句: Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ③连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 例句: He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

完整word版,同位语从句讲解及练习

同位语从句 ◆◆◆辨认同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。 2. 短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 ◆◆◆同位语从句用法 一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 ①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。(承诺信息主意是事实;疑问想法与问题;希望消息建议是潜力。) I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 ②在某些名词表“建议,命令,要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形;should可省) There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 ③同位语从句前名词的数:同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来? 二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how, when, where等。(注:if, which 不能引导同位语从句。) 1. 连词that引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略) The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语) 【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句(注:if不能引导同位语从句)

定语从句与同位语从句(全)

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简单句与宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句英语语法培训教材

简单句与宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句英语语法培训教材

1简单句与宾语从句 (2) 1.1陈述句作宾语 (2) 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 (3) 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 (3) 2简单句与表语从句 (5) 2.1陈述句作表语 (5) 2.2一般疑问句作表语 (5) 3简单句与同位语从句 (6) 3.1陈述句作同位语 (6) 3.2一般疑问句作同位语 (7) 3.3特殊疑问句作同位语 (7) 本章小结 (8) 1简单句与宾语从句 名词从句的本质是用三种句子(陈述句、一般问句和特殊问句)充当四种句子成分(主语、宾语、表语和同位语)。所以,当用三种句子充当另外一个句子的宾语时,就构成了宾语从句。因此,本节内容安排如下: 1.1陈述句作宾语 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 1.1陈述句作宾语 把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句: 1We know(that) the world is round.我们知道,地球是圆的。 2I think(that) a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.我认为扎

实的语法功底对良好的写作极为重要。 需要注意的是,只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去(在不影响对句意的理解的情况下),而主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that一般不能省去。 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 把“whether/if+陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句: 1I don't know if/whether he needs my help我不知道他是否需要我的帮助。 2No one knew whether or not interest rates would rise 没有人知道利率是否会提高。 这里原来的一般问句是would interest rates rise,变成陈述句语序后成为interest rates would rise,然后为了保留疑问的意义又添加了whether or not,于是便有了whether or not interest rates would rise,在主句的谓语knew后面作宾语,即构成宾语从句。需要提醒的是,因为一般不说if or not,所以这里的连词不宜用if,而要用whether。 注意:只有宾语从句才可以用if引导,主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句一般都要用whether引导。 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 把特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序后放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句: 1I have not decided whom I should vote for我还没有决定该投谁的票。 这里的特殊疑问词whom是作vote for的宾语,所以需将原来的倒装句whom should I vote for调整为陈述句语序whom I should vote for,然后作主句谓语decided的宾语,即构成宾语从句。 2No one knows exactly how speech began没有人确切地知道语言是如何产生的。 这里的特殊疑问词how是作began的方式状语,所以需将原来的倒装句how did speech begin调整为陈述句语序how speech began,然后作主句谓语knows的宾语,即构成宾语从句。 3Could you tell me where the post office is? 你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗?

同位语从句重难点解析及习题教学文案

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同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

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从句归纳 区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句之欧阳家百创编

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同位语从句讲解及练习

同位语从句 一.同位语 同位语:跟在名词或代词后,与之表达同一内容;通常由名词、名词性短语等担任。 (A=B:两项所指相同) e.g 我知道奥巴马,美国的总统。 I know Obama, the president of United States. (Obama与the president of US同一个人)我们应该从过去当中学习,它是现在的一面镜子和将来的希望。 We should learn from the past, the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. The future belongs to you, young people. 未来是属于你们年轻人的。(you=young people) (实质是句中两个成分相等) 二.同位语从句 1.(1)概念:由一个句子来充当同位语。 e.g 我知道这个事实,奥巴马是美国的总统。 I know the fact that Obama is the president of United States. (the fact就是指的是奥巴马是美国总统) We should learn from the truth that the past is the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. (2)与从句同位的名词通常为抽象名词: fact, truth, Idea, thought, belief, hope, doubt, rumour, question, answer, reply, news, , order (有些抽象名词本身带有“疑问”的含义,如question, doubt) 2. 构成: (------先造3个简单的句子,He is a student.(陈述句) Is he a student?(一般疑问句)Who is a student?(特殊疑问句) 同位语从句(连词)不是与前面的抽象名词有关,连词取决于后面从句是什么样的形式; (I know the fact he is a student. ) (1)如果从句是陈述句,连词用that e.g I know the fact that he is a student. 我听到了这个消息,他离开了我们。 I heard the news that he left us. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令战士们应该立即过河。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hawaii. 我们非常高兴听到这个消息,我们将在夏威夷度过我们的暑假。 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 他什么都没说,这个事实让大家很吃惊。 结论:that在从句中不做成分,并且没有含义 (2)如果从句是一般疑问句,连词用whether, 再把一般疑问句变陈述句语序

同位语从句与定语从句的区别(很经典的区别,有配套练习与答案)

同位语从句与定语从句的区别(配练习与答案) 一、复习定语从句 1.定义:该句子在复合句中作定语,像形容词一样起修饰作用。 2.特点:1)用陈述句语序。2) 去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。 3.位置:位于所修饰的名词之后,该名词叫做先行词。 4.引导词:1)关系代词: a) 在从句中可做主语,宾语,定语。 b) 分为:先行词为人:who(主,宾),whom(宾),whose(定), that(主,宾) 先行词为物:which(主,宾), that(主,宾),whose(定) eg:The lady who is standing behind Tom is my sister. This is the book which I bought yesterday. c) 关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。 2)关系副词:a)在从句中作状语。 b)分为:when , where, why eg:He came last night when I was out. 新内容: 1.词类:同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词 I can’t stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 2.性质:同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。 The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true.

同位语从句讲解及习题

同位语从句讲解及习题 一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。 例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析:they had won the game说明The news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略) 例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句) 例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析:the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整,应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1:I have no idea when he will be back. 析:he will be back意义不完整,应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea 的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。

定语从句与同位语从句的区分

定语从句与同位语从句的区分 一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当于名词,属于名词性从句,它是对前面名词内容的具体表述,它们之间的关系是同位关系。试比较: The news that you heard is not true. 你听到的那个消息不是真的。(定语从句) The news that he has died is true. 他已经去世的消息是真的。(同位语从句,说明了news 的具体内容,即he has died) 二、同位语从句常跟在news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后,而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。如: The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 He didn\\'t give the answer why he was late. 他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。(同位语从句) Then rose a question where we should go. 于是产生了一个问题:我们该到哪里去?(同位语从句) 三、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分,仅把主句与从句连接在一起,是从属连词。如: The fact that just now you talked about interests me. 你们刚才谈论的事情使我感兴趣。(定语从句) The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。(同位语从句) 四、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物,否则引导的就是同位语从句。试比较:

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibi lity,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性 (同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题 (同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了 (同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面 (定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习 (定语从句,代词all作先行词) 2. 从性质上区别 ? 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的 (定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语) I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有 (同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺 (定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语) 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑 (同位语从句) I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事 (同位语从句) 引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对order 的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)

同位语,主语,宾语从句

同位语从句:解释前面的名词 E.g news,fact,suggestion,order,promise,idea等 连接次不能省略,that无具体意思,不翻译 连接词:how what when where whether why that The fact that you do not have summer holiday makes me very sad Y ou agree the suggestion that I memories some words and study grammar The suggestion that we are going to visit the Hangzhou is very good I make my decision that I will come back for China next month 我不介意你是胖是瘦 我不能忍受她哭的噪音 他怎么回家的我没印象了 主语从句:从句充当主语 E.g. What I have said yesterday is important. 连接词主语be动词宾语 What we need is time That he will win the match is certain

连接词:that, what whether 形式主语:it is a question whether he will come or not It is a reported that 据报道it seems that 似乎 It has been proved that 已证明 That I have received a call from my mother made me surprised last week It is surprised that I have received a call from my mother last week 主语从句和形式主语的转换 你是否能明白它是个问题 主语从句: 形式主语: 我想知道你能不能明白这个单词 宾语从句:从句充当宾语 Y ou told me (that) you had understood the sentences I do not know whether there will be a bus or not Do you know who has broken the window? He did not tell me when we would meet again 我妈告诉我她要去超市

英语同位语从句用法详解

英语同位语从句用法详解 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面: 一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message 等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如: The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如: The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。 二、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如: Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来? Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我,你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。 Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003. 消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。 三、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when,where)等。例如:

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