Detailed arrangements
Period I & II
Step 1: new words ( 35 minutes )
?Ss read the new words by themselves and T explains their usage one by one.
?T helps Ss with reading and memorizing the new words from appreciate to belong.
?Allow 6 minutes for Ss to go over the new words
?T checks Ss' memory
Step 2: Punctuation Marks ( 30 minutes )
1.基本规则
1.1 标点符号是辅助文字记录语言的符号，是书面语的有机组成部分，用来表示停顿、语气、以及词语的性质和作用。
1.2 常用的标点符号有16种，分点号和标号两大类。
点号的作用在于点断，主要表示说话时的停顿和语气。点号又分为句末点号和句内点号。句末点号用在句末，有句号、问号、叹号3种，表示句末的停顿，同时表示句子的语气。句内点号用在句内，有逗号、顿号、分号、冒号4种，表示句内的各种不同性质的停顿。标号的作用在于标明，主要标明语句的性质和作用。常用的标号有9种，即：引号、括号、破折号、省略号、着重号、连接号、间隔号、书名号和专名号。
2.用法说明
句点（Full Stop / Period，―.‖）
问号（Question Mark，―？‖）
感叹号（Exclamation Mark，―!‖）
逗点（Comma，―,‖）
冒号（Colon，―:‖）
分号（Semicolon，―;‖）
连字符（Hyphen，―-‖）
连接号（En Dash，―–‖）
破折号（Em Dash，―—‖）
括号（Parentheses，小括号―( )‖；中括号―[]‖；大括号―{}‖）
引号（Quotation Marks，双引号―"‖；单引号―?‖）
缩写及所有格符号（Apostrophe，―?‖）
一、.句点
1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。
2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写，如Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如IBM, DNA 等。
二、？问号
问号要用在一个直接的问句，而不是间接的。
如How will you solve the problem？是正确的用法，但用在I wonder how you will solve the problem？就不对了，应该使用句点而不是问号。
另外，在客气的用语中，也是用句点而不是问号.
如Will you please give me a call tomorrow.
三、! 感叹号
感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中，在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用，因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。
四、；分号
1.与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下，使用分号比使用句点更显出子句之间的紧密联系，另外分号也经常与连接副词thus, however, therefore一起使用(放在这些词语之前)。如I realize I need exercise; however, I‘ll lie down first to think about it.
2.在句子中如果已经使用过逗点，为了避免歧义的产生，就用分号来分隔相似的内容。如The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.
需要注意的是：一个完整的句子以大写字母开始，以句点结束。写英文时用逗点代替句点、分号、冒号或破折号叫―逗号错‖，这正是中国学生所要避免的。请比较下列例句：误：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
（注意：上面句子中划横线的部分是两个不同的主语，而且逗点前后的句子是完整的-----单独拿出来都能代表一个完整的意思。因此，用逗号违反了英文规定，即一个句子只能有一套主干。）
正：It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.
It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.
It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.
It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
误：The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.
正：The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.
The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.
五、：冒号
1.冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释，如This is her plan: go shopping.
2.冒号用于名单之前，特别是一个竖排的名单。
We transferred three employees to new branches:
? Tony Wang to New York City
? Mike Jackson to Tokyo
? Mark Foster to Paris
当名单横排的时候，冒号要用在一个完整的句子之后，如We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor.
3.冒号用于一个正式的引用之前。如The professor said: ―It was horrible.‖
4.冒号也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面，如Dear Mr. Lee美国英语中，信件或演说词的称呼语之后用冒号，而在英国英语中多用逗号。)
5.冒号用于数字时间的表示，如16:45 或4:45 p.m.
6.冒号用于主标题和副标题之间，如Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data
六、，逗点
1.逗点用于分隔一系列的简单内容，如I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen.
2.逗点用于修饰名词的多个形容词之间，如a small, fancy bike
3.逗点用于连接两个较长的独立子句，而且每个句子的主语不同，如The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.
4.逗点用于关联的子句之间，如Since he‘s your younge r brother, please take care of him.
5.逗点用于一个较长的修饰短语之后，如In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.
6.逗点用于直接引用的句子之前，如Mary said, ―Let‘s go fishing.‖（注意：这里说的和上面提及的冒号在直接引语中的使用不一样。如果是引用比较正式的发言讲话就要用冒号，一般情况下就用逗点。）
如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗点，如Mary said we should go fishing.
在反问句之前要使用逗点，如:
He worked very hard, didn‘t he？
以上是比较常用的标点,下面列出一些次常用的标点:
七、连字号Hyphen( -)
1.连字号主要用于某些前缀(如: self-,ex-和all-) 后和构成复合词。如:
ex-husband(前夫),brand-new（全新的）,poorly-dressed（衣着破烂的）
I have forty-thousand or fifty-thousand dollars.
I want to obtain the whole-year or half-year lease of the apartment.
当两个或两个以上复合词并用, 而各复合词连字号后的部分相同时, 各复合词的相同部分只出现一次,应改为the whole-or half-year lease.
2.用于区分同一词源
3. 当某复合词中出现重复的字母或过多的元音, 使阅读困难时, 可用连字号把前缀和词根分开。
non-nuclear, re-use, semi-independent
4. 构成某些复合数字（在英文写作中，100以下的数字应该用英文单词写出来，不可用阿拉伯数字代替）
twenty-one during the years 1949-1999
有时, 用作名词的分数可以不用连字号, 但所有用作形容词的分词均须加连字号。
如: one fourth [ 也可one-fourth ] of those surveyed
5.用于一个词的一部分要移行, 一般按音节间断开单词加连字号（例如：ha-ppy,不可断为hap-py……）,或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。
八、圆括弧Parenthesis( ( ) )
1．标出表顺序的数字和字母(如: (1) 、(2) 等)
2．用来表示其中插入的或附加的解释成分。这个插入成分可以是单词、词组或句子．但要注意,括号会削弱强调作用,因此,如果要强调插入的句子成份,则要用破折号。
They might take a walk together(remember feet) and see the neighborhood with fresh , new eyes.
九、引号Quotation Marks(“”…?)
引号分单引号(single quotation marks) 和双引号(double quotation marks) 。单引号只用在一个直接引语中所含有的另一个直接引语上。
1．表示直接引语。当直接引语超过四行或多于40 个字词时, 一般不用引号而改用黑体字以便与文章的其它部分界线清晰
―Well, ‖the foreigner said to him ,― you look like an engineer. ‖
句号和逗号必须置于引号(双引号和单引号) 之内。
He told the gunman ,―I refuse to do that ‖；his knees , however , were shaking even as he said those words.
She called this schedule of activities her ―load ‖：work , study , exercise , recreation , and sleep.
冒号与分号必置于引号外。
The teacher asked , ―Could you understand me‖？
Did the teacher ask ,―Have they gone‖？
Did the teacher ask ,―They have gone ？‖
The frightened girl screamed ,―Help‖!
The fellow only said ,―Sorry !‖
He interrupted me , ―Now , listen‖——and went on saying.
问号、感叹号和破折号有时置于引号之内, 有时置于外号之外。如果所引内容本身是疑问句或感叹句或带有破折号, 问号、感叹号或破折号一般放在引号之内。否则,放在引号之外。
2. 标明短篇出版物的标题, 诸如杂志、报纸上的文章、短诗、短篇故事和整部书的某一章节。
Have you read―The Old Man and the Sea‖？
Chapter three is entitled―The Internet . ‖
3.表示所用的词语具有特殊意义。另外,当俚语出现在较正式的文章中, 也用引号引起来, 以表示文风的有意转变。
The report cont ained the―facts‖of the case.
The speaker owns a―fat farm‖in California , which slims down rich overeaters for ＄2 , 500 a week.
4. 用于表示引起读者注意的词语, 或读者不熟悉的特殊词语。
It is customary to say―Youpre welcome‖ whenever anyone says―Thank you. ‖
―SOS‖is a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger.
十、省略号Ell ipsis(...)
此省略号无论出现在句首、句中、还是句尾,都是表示单词的省略。
1. 表示直接引语中的省略
Max wrote ,―...in one word ,manps consciousness , changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence....‖
句后的省略号和句号的写法应是在一条直线上的四个黑点。前三个黑点表示省略号,后一个黑点表句号。
2. 表示说话中的犹豫或迟疑
―If that the way you think...just go back to school ,‖he said.
3. 表示段落或整行词句的省略, 须使用一整行黑点。
十一、撇号或省字号Apostrophe(?)
1.构成名词所有格
rest my son‘ s
a moment‘s books
A three weeks‘pay
2.表示词、字母、数码、符号等的复数形式
Don‘t use so ma ny ands in the sentence.
How many 5s have you got？
这与一般单词的复数形式不同, 正规的写法须在s 前加― ‘ ‖, 要牢记规则。
3.除表动词的紧缩形式外, 还表一个或几个字母和数字的省略。
I‘ve got it. ―Yes ,ma‘ am ,‖the waiter said.
注意：有相当大一部分省略词是口语中的用法，不宜出现在书面语中。例如：I‘d like to(在书面语中要写作I would like to)
十二、字底线Underline( ) 和斜体Italics
斜体是英语的一种独特的书写手段, 但具有标点的作用,它和字底线的作用完全一样。1. 用于火车、飞机、轮船、太空船的名称之下
Challenger (飞机) Apollo Nine(太空船)
2. 用于具有一定厚度的书籍、报纸、杂志、长诗、电影、作曲的标题下
Have you read Gone with the Wind ？
在书写体中,长篇小说书名下要加字底线,如是印刷体写成斜体即可。
the Washington Post Time magazine
3．表示不常用的或还没有被英语这一语言所接受的外来词或短语。但外来语中的动植物科目须用字底线来表示。
In Korea , the sixty-first birthday is calld huan gup (beginning of new life) 1 He longed for
La dolce vita.
4．强调文章中的某些词语,以引起读者的注意, 相当于汉语中的着重号(即在所强调的汉字下加一个黑点) 。
英国英语和美国英语标点符号的差异
1．引号的用法：①属于引语的逗号、句号在美国英语中位于引号内，而在英国英语中多位于引号外；②引语内再套用引语时，美国英语中双引号在外单引号在内，而英国英语中的单引号在外、双引号在内。
在美国英语中，如果省略号恰好在句尾，就用四个点，如I?d like to...that is...if you don?t mind....
2．冒号的用法：①在小时与分钟之间，美国英语多用冒号，英国英语多用句号；②美国英语中，信件或演说词的称呼语之后用冒号，而在英国英语中多用逗号。
中英文标点符号的差异
汉语中目前使用的标点符号是参考借鉴西文的标点体系而制定的，它既保留了西文标点的主体特征，又带有与汉语语言特点相适应的特色。因而，中英文标点符号之间存在着一定的差异。
⒈汉语中的某些标点符号为英语所没有。
⑴顿号（、）：顿号在汉语中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英语中没有顿号，分割
句中的并列成分多用逗号。如：
She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box.
注意：类似的情况下，最后一个逗号后可加and，这个逗号也可省略--She slowly, carefully(,) and deliberately moved the box.
⑵书名号（《》）：英文没有书名号，书名、报刊名用斜体或者下划线表示。如：Hamlet / Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》
Winter?s Tale / Winter?s Tale 《冬天的童话》
The New York Times / The New York Times 《纽约时报》
另外，英语中文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称和交通工具、航天器等的专有名词也常用斜体来表示。
⑶间隔号（?）：汉语有间隔号，用在月份和日期、音译的名和姓等需要隔开的词语的正中间，如"一二?九"、"奥黛丽?赫本（人名）"等。英语中没有汉语的间隔号，需要间隔时多用逗点。
⑷着重号：有时汉语用在文字下点实心圆点表示需要强调的词语，这些实心点就是着重号。而英语中没有这一符号，需强调某些成分时可借助文字斜体、某些强调性词汇、特殊句型、标点停顿等多种方法。
⒉英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有。
⑴撇号--Apostrophe（?）
⑵连字号--Hyphen（-）
⑶斜线号—Virgule or Slash（/）：该符号主要起分割作用，如It could be for staff and / or students. 也常用于标音，如bed /bed/。
⒊某些符号在汉英两种语言中的形式不同。
⑴中文的句号是空心圈（。）
英文的句号是实心点（.）。
⑵英文的省略号是三个点（...），位置在行底；
中文的为六个点（......），居于行中。
⑶英文的破折号是（-）
中文的是（--）
中国学生常见标点符号错误例析
(1) 顿号、书名号、句号、省略号错误。比较中英文标点符号可见,英文标点中没有中文形式的顿号、书名号、句号和省略号。而这四种标点符号成了大学英语写作中―借鉴频率较高的符号。如:
〔错误〕1. While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》, I am cooking。
〔错误〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana 、orange 、apple and pear. 英文中的印刷体用斜体字表示书籍、报刊、戏剧、电影、绘画作品等的名称,在书写体或打字机打的文本中用字下线表示斜体字;英文常用逗号来代替冒号;而句号是用实心小黑点表示。故以上两句应改为:
〔修改〕1. While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking. (印刷体)
或While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking. (书写体)
〔修改〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana , orange , apple and pear. 还有,英文中的省略号其实是三个句号的并列,许多学生由于受中文影响常错误地把英文省略号写成六点。
(2) 冒号错误。冒号是中英文兼有的标点符号。在汉语中,冒号是表示提示性话语之后的停顿,常用在―说、道、讲、问、唱、回答、喊、吼‖等动词的后边,以标明下面的话是谁说的。此用法影响下列英文句子标点:
〔错误〕3. I thought to myself :―What kind of trap is she laying ？‖
〔错误〕4. He asked :―Where are you from ？‖
以上两例中的冒号在英文中需用逗点表示。汉语中的冒号还可用在―如次―如下―例如―像等引起下文的提示语后边。在英文表达中,―for example‖(例如) 一类的词后常用逗点代替冒号。
〔错误〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example : a person with good manners is kind and
helpful to others.
〔修改〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example , a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
(3) 破折号错误。汉语中的破折号标明行文中解释说明的部分,而英文同位语也具有同等说明的功能,故英文写作中用破折号连接同位语成份的错误也屡见不鲜。如:
〔错误〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university — Beijing University.
〔修改〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university , Beijing University.
对于同位语,英语一般使用逗点而不用破折号。英文中破折号的用法远没有中文的丰富。在大学英语写作中,与语法知识有关的标点错误主要有:
(1) 把非限制性定语从句(non -restrictive attributive clause) 理解成限制性定语从句(restrictive attributive clause) 而忽略用逗点。如:
〔错误〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.
从句意来看,上句是一个非限制性定语从句,故应在shop 后加逗点,把that 相应改成which 即:
〔修改〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into two parts.
(2) 不论状语从句在整个句子中处于何种位置,一概以逗点隔开。
〔错误〕8. We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow.
状语从句可置于句首或句末。置于句首时,一般要用标点隔开;而置于句末时,则无需与主句隔开,故以上句子应改为:
〔修改〕8. If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there. 或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow.
(3) 在疑问句形式的陈述句后使用问号。
〔错误〕9. What fun we girls could expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them ？I wondered.
〔修改〕9. What fun could we girls expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them , I wondered.
英语疑问除可用问号来表达外,尚可用词序加以表达。故上例的疑问可用逗点表示。(4) 误把however ,therefore , because , thus 等起联系作用的副词当成并列连词,导致写作中的逗号粘连(comma splice) 错误。
〔错误〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however , she didn‘t care for that .
两个完整的句子或两个并列句之间不能一概用逗点点开, 可用句号、分号或在逗点后加并列连词(and , but , or , for , so , nor , yet) 等方法修改。故上例可改为:
〔修改〕10. She thought what the teacher point ed out was right . However , she didn‘t care for that .
或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right ; however , she didn‘t care for that .
或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn‘t care for that .
(5) 与comma splice 相映成趣的是,许多学生作文时,极少考虑句子间的逻辑关系,一个逗点连首尾,导致大量熔句(fused sentence) 的堆砌。例如:
〔错误〕11. Young men like blue jeans they wear them all the time.
〔修改〕11. Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time.
或Young men like blue jeans. They wear them all the time.
或Young men like blue jeans , and they wear them all the time.
或Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time.
或Since young men like blue jeans , they wear them all the time.
(6) 两个并列的形容词间以and 代替逗点。
〔错误〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely and hard childhood.
现代英语表达一般在两个形容词中间不使用and , 而是用逗点分隔。
〔修改〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely , hard childhood
因语体错位而造成的标点错误。英文写作是一种书面语的输出。其书面语体的特征要求其与口头语相区别。口语中存在的大量缩约(contraction) 在书面语体中应尽量避免。而许多学生在书面作文中大量使用省字号(‘),几乎1/ 3 左右的作文在文体上存在漏洞,现代英语的发展对此却难以容忍。如:
1. I‘d like to share my joys with you. ( I would like to)
2. .you can‘t beha ve like that . (you cannot)
3. .there‘re so many splendid toys for me to select . (there are)
其他错误：
(1) 引号错误。
〔错误〕13.―No pain , no gain.‖If you .
〔修改〕13. As the saying goes ,―No pain , no gain. ‖
英文中短小的引语与作者提示―某某说之类的词语之间用逗点隔开,置于引号内。不能省略提示语―某某说之类而直接引用。
〔错误〕14. Glancing through the essay entitled―Why Not More ？‖, Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.
〔修改〕14. Glancing through the essay ent itled―Why Not More ？,‖Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.
许多学生对诸如上例引号边的标点位置含糊,不清楚以下常用法:句号和逗号必须置于引号之内;冒号和分号必须置于引号之外;如果所引内容本身是疑问句或感叹句,问号和感叹号一般放在引号之内,否则,问号和感叹号则放在引号之外。
(2) 日-月-年次序的日期中的逗号错误。英语日期的表达可以用月-日-年的次序和日-月-年
的次序,日和年之间加逗号而月和年之间习惯上不加逗号。例如: 误把―13 August 2002‖写成―13 August , 2002‖。
(3) 在部分副词如perhaps , so 后加逗号。如:
〔错误〕16. Perhaps , I would not have such a good chance again.
〔错误〕17. So , they keep in touch with each other merely by writing letters and phoning now.
以上两句的修改方法是把句中的逗号去掉。
(4) 连接号(hyphen) 错误。许多英语习作者往往随意用连接号派生单词,如把―boyfriend‖写成―boy -friend‖; ―middle school‖写成―middle -school‖。在行末单词分行时,连接号使用错误更多。与之相反,若把本应有的连接号粗心删去, 其单词含义可能会大相径庭。如有一年美国政府在一份贸易清单上列举了一些免税进口的物品,其中有一种是foreign fruit
—plants(外国果树苗),后来由于打字员的疏忽，漏打连接号使其成了foreign fruit , plants(外国水果、树苗),结果导致第二年大量的水果如桔子、葡萄等从世界各地免税涌入美国市场从而使美国政府当年损失约200 多万美元。应用逗号而没用,造成语义的表达不清。
Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange and black ties.
使人看了以后不知是发5 摞(1 摞= 12 打)
—红、绿、蓝、橙、黑各一摞—领带,还是发4 摞
—红、绿、蓝、橙黑各一摞领带。这句话可改为:
①Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange ,and black ties.
②Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange-and-black ties.
该用分号的地方用了逗点, 不该用标点的地方也用了逗点,都导致了句子的错误。
①People make history , unusual people make history interesting. 此句逗点应改为分号, 这是两个独立分句。
②Mary was happie st when she was free of her parents‘ scrutiny , or while she was working in her garden. 此句的并列连词是连接的成对的从句,而不是独立分句,连词前面的逗号应去掉。
标点符号的使用是约定俗成的, 初学写作的人只有牢记它的使用规则, 才能写出规范的文章来。
Step 3: Corresponding exercises ( 30 minutes ) Ss are supposed to do Exercise and T checks answers with Ss
If time permits, Ss are supposed to do Exercise 4 or the following additional exercises:
I. 选择
1．冒号
1) St. Petersburg was in ruins: __________ fires burned everywhere.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. /
2) She left and on the table is her message: _________ I’ve gone shopping now and will be back at 10: 30.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. /
参考答案：1）D 2）D
2．句号
3) This morning he bought a novel. ________ was written by Mao Dun.
A. It
B. Which
C. As
D. That
4) It was Monday morning. _________ Li Lei’s grandfather was ill.
A. That
B. When
C. Since
D. /
参考答案：3）A 4）D
3．逗号
5) It was his words and action, but not his appearance, ________ moved us deeply.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. as
6) ________ is reported, the project was completed yesterday.
A. It
B. As
C. This
D. What
7) The purpose of the new technologies is to make life easier, ________ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
参考答案：5）A 6）B 7) B
8) My idea is to visit the museum, __________ to the park.
A. not go
B. not going
C. not to go
D. do not go
9) My dream is not to live on the earth but _________ on the moon.
A. live
B. living
C. to live
D. being living
参考答案：8）C 9）C (不定式并列作表语时，若否定的不定式在前面而肯定的不定式在后，一般须用but连接，而不用逗号。)
10) If a book is in English, _________ means slow progress for you.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
11) If he is only interested in your books, ________ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
12) If you want to go, _________ is quite all right with me.
A. that
B. which
C. and it
D. so
13) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
14) If you want a double room, _______ will cost another $ 15.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
15) If you have the money, _________ will be OK.
A. that
B. which
C. and it
D. so
16) Unless I’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you are wearing.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
参考答案：都是that.
17) Not far from the school there was a garden, _______ owner seated in it playing chess with his grandson every afternoon.
A. its
B. whose
C. which
D. that
18) He wrote a lot of novels, many of ________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
19) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
20) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
参考答案：17) A 18) B 19) C 20) B
21) It is his dog, according to Li Lei, _________ saved him from the trap.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. what
22) The children are having a good time, __________ with sand, others with toys.
A. some of them playing
B. who playing
C. some of whom are playing
D. some of them
参考答案：21) C 22) A
23) We can be sure of this: __________ no little green men are living on Pulsar.
A. /
B. that
C. which
D. what
24) The young are after all human beings— ________ people just like their elders.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. /
25) If there is a problem of youth— _________ I take leave to doubt — _______ it is older people who create it, not the young themselves.
A. which; then
B. which; that
C. /; which
D. that; which
26) There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: _______ the young man has a beautiful future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him.
A. which
B. that
C. /
D. who
27) People in the Shark’s front office earlier told members of the press that ―it ______ not proper for Yao to attend that draft this year.‖
A. be
B. is
C. was
D. were
28) There is no ambiguity (模糊) if we can see the setting of a switch: ________ we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not become real and others will.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. /
29) There are more than three thousand students in our school, three fifths of _____ boys.
A. them
B. whom
C. which
D. it
30) Not far from the stop there was a bus. ________ driver was repairing it.
A. That
B. Which
C. Whose
D. /
31) Everything goes as usual: ________ workers are working hard in the workshop.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. /
32) The next morning came word: ________ the thief has been caught.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. /
参考答案：23) A 24) D 25) A 26) C 27)B 28) D 29) A 30) A 31) D 32) D
4．破折号
1) ________ some of the juice –– perhaps you will take it.
A. Trying
B. Try
C. To try
D. Having tried
2) ________ down the radio –– the baby is sleeping in the next room.
A. Turning
B. Turn
C. Turned
D. To turn
3) Everyone was on time for the meeting ––________ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. but
B. only
C. even
D. yet
参考答案：1) B 2) B 3) C
5．问号
4）What have you said ______ her so unhappy?
A. makes
B. to make
C. has made
D. made
5) Who do you think _______ ask to help him with his lesson?
A. he will
B. will he
C. is he going to
D. does he
参考答案：4) B 5) A
6．引号
6）It is ―I‖ that _______ left out in the sentence.
A. be
B. is
C. am
D. are
7) He said yesterday, ―I _______ go there with you.‖
A. didn’t
B. don’t
C. won’t
D. wouldn’t
8) ―Summer Nights‖ which we read yesterday afternoon ______ really interesting.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. are
参考答案：6) B 7) C 8) C
7．分号
9) She got there very late; ______felt very sorry.
A. and
B. so she
C. she
D. therefore
10) His brother is rude; ______ sister is polite.
A. while
B. whose
C. his
D. though his
参考答案：9) C 10) C
Period III & IV
Step1:Review of the words and inversion （10minutes）
?T delivers an oral check of the words learned
?T guides Ss to check the answers to exercises
?T guides Ss to review inversion and asks them to do Exercise 6 and checks answers Step 2: Dialogue, and related exercises ( 30 minutes )
?Ss are supposed to listen to the Dialogue twice to get a general idea
?T guides Ss to work through the dialogue and solve their problems at the same time
?Ss listen again
?T asks Ss to read through the dialogue with their partners and switch roles
?T invites some Ss to present their reading
?T asks Ss to do the blank filling based on their own life
?T invites some groups to demonstrate their dialogues
?Ss are supposed to do Exercise according to offered model
?T checks their answers
?Ss read the other half of the new words by themselves
?T helps Ss with reading and memorizing the other half of the new words
?Allow 6 minutes for Ss to go over the new words
?T checks Ss' memory
Step 3: Text learning (40 minutes ) ?Ss are supposed to listen to the text twice to get a general idea
?T guides Ss to work through the text, solving their problems and highlighting useful
expressions at the same time
?Ss listen again
Step 4:Corresponding exercises (15minutes )
?T asks Ss to do Exercise1,2,3 check their answers
Step 5: Assignmen ( 5 minutes )?Text recitation
?Pre-read "How Are Computers Changing Our World?"
Period V & VI
Step 1: Dictation ( 10 minutes )
?T dictates the following words and phrases:
1.欣赏，
2. 态度
3.猜想
4. 收据
5. 最后的
6. 出席
7. 现代的
8. 居住者
9. 除。。。以外10. 不相关的
11.污染12.气氛13.区别14.特权15.威胁
?T checks Ss' job
Recitation check ( 15 minutes )
?T picks out some Ss to recite the text
Step 2: Exercise ( 35 minutes )
?Ss are supposed to do Exercise4,5,7,8,9. T may invite five Ss to put down their
translations onto the blackboard.
?T checks their job
Step 3: Reading Practice ( 20 minutes ) ?T guides Ss to work through the text, solving their problems and highlighting useful
expressions at the same time
?Ss go over the text by themselves
?Ss are supposed to do Comprehension Practice
?T checks their answers
St ep 4: writing practice ( 15 minutes )
?T guides Ss to work through the text, solving their problems and highlighting useful
expressions at the same time
?Ss go over the text by themselves
?Ss are supposed to write a short composition
Step 5: Assignment ( 5 minutes )
?Review the whole unit
Reflections on teaching
初中英语语法课教案设计 初中英语语法课教案设计 一、牛津版初中英语教材与人教版教材语法内容的异同 牛津版初中英语教材在内容上更加贴近现实生活，在语法知识上也有所改变，增加了间接引语这一知识点。这就要求老师要对教材 的语法知识进行深入地分析和研究，准确把握语法重点和难点，找 到最合适学生学习的方法，提升学生的英语语法学习兴趣，使学生 扎实掌握英语语法。 二、牛津版初中英语教材与人教版教材语法的具体差异 （一）牛津版教材更强调现在时语法 牛津版初中英语教材的“现在进行时”与“一般现在时”出现的先后顺序有所调整，而且没有“过去将来时”这一语法点。这一顺 序的调整不会对学生的学习产生较大影响，“过去将来时”可以在 学生学习“过去完成时”时提出。“现在进行时”与“一般现在时”主要是让学生掌握区分助动词形式：do/does/is/are；区分动词形式：read/reads/reading。 （二）牛津版教材被动语态出现较早 被动语态出现的时间比较早，学生比较难以理解，例如学生对“Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.”这句话的理解就 容易产生困难。因此教师在教学时就要使学生回顾过去学过的几种 基本时态，通过基本时态反过来理解被动语态，这样就可以起到融 汇贯通的作用。 （三）牛津版教材新增间接引语语法 间接引语是牛津版英语教材中新增的内容，学生之前从来没有接触过，学生在学习时就会产生障碍，不容易理解。
“HeaskedmeifIhadanypaper.”这句话是如何体现间接引语的语法 特征的以及如何将直接引语转化为间接引语学生都是第一次接触， 教师在设计教案时要抓住宾语从句作为间接引语的教学重点。从宾 语从句入手，讲解间接引语的语法特点和直接引语转化为间接引语 的方法，深入浅出，这样就会使学生更容易理解间接引语的语法特点，及时掌握间接引语的转换方式，提升学生英语语法的基础水平。 三、语法课教案设计措施 教案是教师开展教学的重要手段，教案好坏直接关系到教学质量。合格的教案能最大程度地体现教师的教学水平，能够激发学生的学 习兴趣，使学生在短时间内有效地接受新知识。 （一）教案要有针对性 教师在设计教案时要有针对性。一是要针对学生的`学习特点和 身心发展的特点，掌握学生之间学习水平的差异，这样就可以合理 安排教学环节和教学进程。教师在设计教案时，要制定有层次性的 学习目标，设置不同难度的问题，根据学生的学习特点设置提问环节，使学生都能够在课堂上有所收获，能够体会到学习过程中的成 就感，激发学生的学习兴趣，提升语法教学质量。二是要针对教学 内容准确把握各类语法的重难点，将重点知识传授给学生，如在讲 间接引语时要着重讲解宾语从句的语法特点。这样就可以事半功倍，使学生更有针对性地开展学习活动，有助于提升学生的英语成绩。 （二）教案要有创新性 教师在设计教案时，要充分调动自身的能力，对教材内容进行深入剖析，对学生心理进行深入解读。初中阶段，学生的好奇心、好 胜心较强，教师在设计教案时要充分尊重学生的这些特点。不断创 新教学形式，开展合作学习和探究式学习，引导学生进入到教师创 设的教学情境中，激发学生的想象力和创造力，充分调动学生的积 极性。在教案中最好设计小组竞技教学活动内容，打破传统灌输式 教育模式，提升学生的学习兴趣，保证良好的教学效果。 教案中还要注意提问的技巧，提问要注重知识点的迁移，促使学生能够积极思考。例如在提问被动语态的特点时，学生可能不太了
Unit 5 I PURPOSE 1.To grasp the important words and phrases and understand the text; 2.To grasp the writing skill--- double clue 3. To grasp the reading skill--- understanding idiomatic expressions. II IMPORTANT AND DIFFICULT SPOTS 1.Words: Section A decay, preceding, secure, drip, slide, injure, hint, outline, interval, emotion, priviledge, episode, association Section B make oneself understood, on one?s own, be dependent, treat with, come along, condemn sb. to sth. take its course, fight off, in vain, come by, chances are, confront with, come down to, bar… from 2.Sentences: L1. As I stand there, the smell hits my nose, and I close my eyes as I remember the smell of decay from past experience. L2. The head seems usually large on a skeleton body; the skin is dark yellow and hangs loosely around exaggerated bones that not even a blanket can hide. L3. Taking a glass of water from the table, I put my finger over the end of the straw and allow a few drops of the cool moisture to slide into her mouth and ease her thrist. L4. Placing a pillow between her legs, I notice that these too are ice cold, and not until I run my hand up over her knees do I feel any of the life-giving warmth of blood. L5. Having spent her last ounce of strength she cannot go on, but I have understood what she has done. L6. Our eyes meet and somehow, together, we become aware that this is a special moment between two human beings. L7. Some unknown interval of time passes before her eyes open again, only this time there is no response in them, just a blank stare. L8. Mrs. Clark spared her family an episode that perhaps they were not equipped to handle and instead shared it with me. B L1. Assume for a moment that your 90-year-old mother has recently suffered a stroke. L2. When I say better, I mean she?ll go on as she has—until some other germ comes along. L3. I?ll tell you which choice I would make in this theoretical situation. L4. Sometimes such a transparent decision is more difficult to come by. L5. Let me sound one note of warning. SECTION A Graceful Hands
Unit 1How can we become good learners? 单元话题Talk about how to study, in this unit, students learn to talk about how to study for a test and give advice to those who have difficulties in studying. 单元语法By ＋sth./doing sth. 教学目标 1.语言目标：理解重点句子，掌握学习英语的方法。介词by引导的方式状语的合理运用。 2.技能目标：正确运用动名词谈论学习中的问题。 3.情感目标：通过开展角色表演等活动，培养学生阅读兴趣。通过本单元的阅读，培养学生的文化意识，陶冶思想情操，让学生树立终身学习的道德素养。 第一课时Section A(1a～2d) 自主学习案 翻译下列词组。 1．通过制作生词卡________________________________ 2．通过听录音带___________________________________ 3．向某人寻求帮助__________________________________ 4 大声读来练习发音___________________________________ 5．小组合作学习___________________________________ 6．和朋友练习对话___________________________________ 7．逐个单词___________________________________ 8．作报告___________________________________ 9．意群___________________________________ 10．慢慢来___________________________________ 11．口语技能___________________________________ 12 英语口语___________________________________ §课堂导学案 Step 1 准备与热身(Preparation) Lead-in with a free talk(自由对话导入新课)(2分钟) Greeting with the students：Hello, everyone.Welcome back to school.I'm very happy to see you again.Most of you got good grades last term ! Of course, don't lose your heart if you didn't get good grades. OK.Today, let's talk about how to study for a test and how to learn English well. T: How do you study English? Do you study English by the following ways? (Show some pictures and present the important phrases.) T: How do you study English? S: I study English by ________. working with friends making word cards asking the teacher for help reading the textbook working with a group listening to tapes Step 2 呈现与输入(Presentation) 1．要求学生翻开课本P1，迅速阅读1a部分的内容。并按要求完成课本上相应的任务。(1分钟)
本科课程教案 2017-2018学年(第 1 学期 ) 课程名称：大学英语 CI 课程性质：□通识必修课□大类基础课□专业核心课 □专业拓展课□通识限选课□通识任选课 授课班级：17 产品设计 1 班(32 人）、环境设计七班（ 30 人）学生数：共 62 人 授课教师：庞海才 学分 / 学时：6/75 学时分配：理论讲授学时，课堂讨论学时 实验 / 课内实践学时，在线学习学时 课程设计( 周) 系（教研室）负责人（签名）：
审核通过日期：年月日 《大学英语 CI 》是教授英语语言知识和英语学习策略，培养学生外语综 合应用能力和跨文化交际为主要内容的必修课，教学对象是艺术专业大一学 生。课程以外语教学理论为指导，以“课堂教学+计算机和网络的自主学 习”模式为主，集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体，旨在培养学生的英语 课程简介综合应用能力，尤其是听说能力；同时，提高他们的自主学习的能力和综合 文化素养，以适应我国社会发展的需要和国际交流的需要。 该课程采用形成性评估和终结性评估两种形式来评估学生学习效果。形成 性评估包括课堂活动记录、课后任务记录等形式。终结性评估包括期中测评、 期末总评。 教材名称、新编大学基础英语综合教程1、 2 高等教育出版社 出版社、出版新视野大学英语（第三版）视听说教程1、 2 时间、版次新编大学基础英语训练与自测1、 2高等教育出版社 （含中英文教 材） （含参考书目、案例材料、阅读材料，网络教学资源等） 新编大学基础英语训练与自测1、 2 新视野大学英语（第三版）长篇阅读1、 2 参考书目 及文献（或 网络教学资源） 形成性评估：平时作业、网络学习、课堂表现、期中考试、期末考试考试考核方式 （含期中考试、 小测验、作业）
Teaching Planning & Teaching Lectures New Horizon College English IV Unit 5 1.教学目标及基本要求： Objectives: Students will be able to: 1)Grasp the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between the Chinese and the Western learning styles) and structure of the text (introduction of the topic by an anecdote—elaboration by comparison and contrast); 2)Appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast(point-by-point method or one-side-at-a-time method); 3)Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4)Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. 2. 教学重点及难点： Important language points in the text: 3. 教学内容的深化及拓宽： Students conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing practice to deepen their understanding of the points taught in class. 4. 教学方式及在教学中应注意的问题： A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. Give students time to adapt to the new teaching mode in the university that are quite different from the one they were used to in the middle school. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. 5. 教学内容及学时分配： Time allotment: 1st period: pre-reading; text organization 2nd period: while-reading (Paras 1-5) 3rd period: while-reading (Paras 6-13) 4th period: while-reading (Paras 6-13 continued, Para 14) 5th period: post-reading activities (Debate; Exercises) 6th period: Check on students’ home reading (Text B); Theme- Related Language Learning Tasks)
初中英语语法大全 名词 （一）概述 名词就是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词就是万物之名称。它们可以就是: 人的名字Li Ming, Tom 地方名称China, London 职业称呼teacher, doctor 物品名称pencil, dictionary 行为名称study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar (二)普通名词与专有名词 1.普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型: 1)个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物,例如: He has two aunts、她有两个姑姑。 Most classrooms have computers、多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西,例如: We’ve lived here for twenty years、我们在这里住了二十年了。 I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以与a/an连用,如:a week, a problem, an old man、 2)集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面就是一些常见的集体名词: family(家,家庭) army(军队) company(公司;全体船员) enemy(敌人) government(政府) group(小组,团体) public(公众) team(队;组) police(警方) 集体名词有时作单数瞧待,有时作复数瞧待。一般说来,视为整体时作单数瞧待,想到它的成员时作复 有的集体名词通常用作单数,例如: Our company is sending him to work in Berlin、我们公司将派她去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数瞧待。例如: The police are looking for him、警察正在找她。 3)物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西,我们学过的常见的物质名词有: beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 一般说来,物质名词就是不可数折,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况: a.有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”,“一杯”: Tree beers, please、请来三杯啤酒。 A chocolate ice-cream for me、给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。 b.有此物质名词可作可数名词,表示“一种”:
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! 教学目标： 1语言目标：掌握本单元词汇，听懂、掌握谈论中外不同国家文化的语言材料。 2 技能目标：能听懂语言材料，掌握听的技巧；能读懂介绍中外不同文化的文章。 3 情感目标：通过开展角色表演等活动，培养学生阅读兴趣。通过本单元的阅读，培养学生的文化意识，陶冶思想情操。 教学重点： (1) 短语: Section A 1 the Water Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, watch the races, a little crowded, like best, go…for one’s vacation, enjoy doing sth., eat out, five meals a day, put on, in two weeks, sound like, from…to…, be similar to, throw water at each other, wash away, have good luck, in the new year Section A 2 celebrate Middle-Autumn Festival, the shape of, carry …to…, shoot down, plan to do sth., try to do sth., refuse to do sth., fly up, so…that…,call out, lay out, start the tradition of Section A 3 one…, the other…, give…to…,take out, more and more popular Section B 1 dress up, care about, make money, used to, end up, warn sb. to do sth., expect sb. to do sth., wake up, find out, decide to do sth., promise to do sth., in need, Section B 2 introduce sb., make sb. do sth., give birth to life, not only…but also… (2) 句子: Section A 1 Bill thinks that the races were not that interesting to watch. Bill wonders whether they’ll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year. What do you like best about the Dragon Boat Festival?
教案2016 ～2017 学年度第一学期 课程名称大学英语 学时学分 70学时4.5学分专业班级 授课教师 系部外语系
本课程教学总体安排 课程名称：大学英语 课程性质与类型：公共必修课 总学时、学分：70学时，4.5学分 教学目的与要求： 1.通过本学期的学习，使学生进一步加强基础知识。 2.扩大词汇量，熟悉并掌握大学英语教学大纲中规定的单词、词组和结构的用法，达到大学英语一级的水平及要求。 3.进一步提高学生的听力、阅读及写作技巧。 4.进一步加强学生的语言实际应用能力，尤其是听说能力和篇章理解分析能力。 教材及参考书目： 1. 《新视野大学英语》（第三版）读写教程（第1册第1单元—第8单元）2．《新视野大学英语》（第三版）听说教程（第1册第1单元—第8单元） 3. 《新视野大学英语》（第三版）教师用书 4．《新视野大学英语》（第三版）配套光盘 5. 牛津英汉双解词典 考核方式及成绩计算方法： 综合成绩＝期末成绩*60％＋听力成绩*15%+读写成绩*10%+平时成绩*15%
课程教学日历 课程名称：大学英语授课学期：2016－2017学年第一学期
第一章教学安排的说明 章节题目：Book 1 Unit 1 Fresh start Text A Toward a brighter future for all 学时分配：8 本章教学目的与要求（分了解、熟悉、掌握三个层次）： 一、了解课文有关的背景知识 二、熟悉文章的中心思想和篇章结构 三、熟悉文中所体现的记叙技巧 四、掌握大学英语教学大纲中规定的单词和词组及其搭配 五、掌握文中所包含的主要语法结构： 其它： 课堂教学方案 课题名称、授课时数：大学英语、8课时 授课类型：理论课、技法课、习题课 教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导、多媒体等 教学目的要求： Students should be able to 1. grasp he main idea and structure of the text; 2. give reasons when they do the ranking activities and make predictions; 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.
Unit 5 Section A Spend or save — The student's dilemma 花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷 1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "Should I spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more. 1 你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。政府告诉我们要花钱，否则我们将永远走不出衰退；与此同时，他们又告诉我们，除非我们节省更多的钱，否则我们的国家会处于严重危险之中。银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。然后，同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。 1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, “Should I spend or should I save?” (Para. 1) Meaning: When asking yourself whether you should spend or save, do you feel puzzled and controlled as I do? Meaning beyond words: According to the conventional concept, we are the master or the boss of the money we have earned. It is up to us to decide how to use our money. However, the sentence gives us the hint that we are actually no longer in control of our money. 2 I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. (Para. 1) Meaning: In my opinion, the messages we get in our daily life about the question “Should I spend or should I save?” are against common sense and they often don’t agree with each other. Usage note: defy, deny defy和deny都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。 1 defy主要表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，后接名词；而deny主要表示“否认；拒绝承认”，后接名词或that引导的从句。 Nearly 11 thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading. 近一万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。 The government has denied that the authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate the president. 政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。 2 defy后接动词不定式表示“挑战；刺激某人做某事”时，不能用动名词形式；deny表示“否
Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands. 重点短语词组 应该做某事be to do sth 握手 访问by 毕竟 本应该做但没做have done 餐桌礼仪table 到达at/in 有点晚late 习惯于某事be/get to sth 习惯于做某事be/get sth 被用于做某事be sth 被用作.... Be 过去常常做某事sth 特地，不怕麻烦的做某事 使某人感到宾至如归计划做某事sth 没有理由have 注意你的行为your manners 发出噪音make (a) 做鬼脸make 自学....by oneself 在适当的时间at the time 以......开始begin 忍不住做某事can't sth 代替of 对某事随意be sth 邀请某人做某事sb sth 指向 重点短语句型讲解： 1. Y ou should have asked what you were supposed to wear.你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。 中的“should have asked”是“情态动词＋现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做，这是虚拟语气的一种表达方式。 如：She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去） 同时was/were supposed to do sth 表示过去本该做某事而实际上并没有做，就相当于should have done sth. 2. make (some) mistakes 犯了(一些)错误。make a mistake 犯错误（一个） 与mistake相关的短语by mistake 错误地mistake…for…把..误认为… 5.relaxed:用来形容人，表示人本身很放松，主语一般是人。 relaxing:指物，表示事物可使人很放松。 I feel really after the vacation.经过这次令人放松的假期后我感到很放松。 3. …it’s okay if you arrive a bit late….即使你晚到一会也没关系。 a little 与a bit 二者都是“有点儿”的意思。 (1)二者相同之处在于①都可做状语，修饰比较级He is a bit/ a little older than you. ②都可做主语或宾语。Please give me a bit/ a little. (2)不同之处在于：两者修饰名词时，a little可以直接加名词，a bit必须加of后才能接名词。 A little money = a bit of money 4. drop by 顺便拜访串门 We just dropped by our friends’homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。 drop in/on sb 顺便走访某人。 Would you drop in/on us this evening for a chat?你今晚过来和我们聊聊好吗？
Unit 1 Half a day 教学目的 1. 了解作者及其背景知识； 2．熟悉本文使用的写作手法； 3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞手法； 4．熟练掌握三类构词法； 5．通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同时掌握文中的核心语言点。 教学内容 1. 热身 2．作者 教育与背景 主要著作 创作观 3．作品赏析 结构分析 如何赏析文学作品 扩展式讨论 4．写作技巧 省略疑问句和修辞疑问句 倒装句 “with”独立结构 5．语言理解 长难句解析 核心词汇学习 band, convince, daze, exert, intricate, observe, overlook, rank, revolve, startle, uviverse, vary 介词练习 构词法：-tion; -volve; -ly 6．课堂讨论 7．练与讲 教学重点 1. 文学作品的赏析； 2．文学中的修辞手法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；“with”独立结构3．构词法：前缀 教学方法结合实际吸收各种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体使用）的优点。 教学手段用投影仪播放PowerPoint课件及板书；群发电子邮件布置课堂资料和课后作业（或其来源）。
ⅠAbout the author ★Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. （mummies and pyramids / sphinx 狮身人面）★He worked in university administration（行政部门）and then in 1939 he worked for the Ministry of Islamic Affairs.（Buddhism Christianity Islam） ★He was later Head of the State Cinema Organization at the Ministry of Culture(文化部）. He also worked as a journalist（记者）. ★He is married, has two daughters and lives in Cairo. ★He was the first Arab to win the Nobel prize for literature He is now the author of no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than 200 articles. Half of his novels have been made into films which have circulated （流通；传播）throughout the Arabic-speaking world. The Cairo Trilogy（三部曲）is a tale of the lives of a Muslim family and spans （跨过）the first half of the 20th century. Palace Walk 《宫间街》Palace of Desire 《思官街》Sugar Street 《甘露街》How does he picture the world? 1 The world is very gloomy（阴沉的令人沮丧的）though not completely disappointing. 2 The author’s social utopia (乌托邦）is far from being realized. 3 Time is the bringer of change and change is a very painful process. 4 Life is a tragedy. ⅡText Appreciation 1 structure 2 Further discussion Can you recall your first day’s experience at primary school? Did you feel you were a stranger the first day you arrived at this university? Was it hard for you to leave home for the first time in your life? What do you think is the business of university? What do you expect to learn here? 3 Theme of the story The following are a few possible understandings of the message the story conveys. Which one do you agree with? Argue with your group partners. Time and tide wait for no man. Life is a tragedy. There is nothing permanent in life but change. Education can never keep up with changes in society. Life is short and time is precious. Life is a dream. Do not take anything seriously. 4 Structure of the text Part 1 (para. 1- 7 ) about:The boy’s misgivings about school Part 2 (para. 8-16 ) about: How the boy felt about school. Part 3 (para. 17-20 ) about: Walking out of the school, he found time had changed everything.
教案 Practical College English 新认知大学实用英语综合教程 教研室：公共课部教师姓名：freefishwang 授课专业和班级11机电01、02、03 课程名称Practical College English 授课学时 6 授课内容Unit 1 Bill Gates in His Boyhood 教学目的Understand the main ideas of text A and text B, grasp the words, expressions, structures and word formations used in the text, and discuss the text among students and offer their opinions on the topic of learning styles and techniques. 教学重点Study the language points and know how to write a letter in English. 教学方法Student-oriented communicative teaching, free discussion and interaction. 教学过程 1.Warm-up activities (10 minutes) 2.Understanding the text (15 minutes) (Ask the students some questions related to the text.) 3. Detailed studies of the text(50 minutes) 4. Grammar and exercises(30 minutes) 5. Writing skills introduction (20 minutes) 作业Assign homework: 1. how to make friends. 2. Translation and after-class reading. 辅助手段Multimedia software 教学内容 1.Warm-up activities Introductory Remarks: Step 1: Show some pictures and watch a video, discuss in groups. Step 2: 1.Are you familiar with Bill Gates? Please say something about him. 2.Please list some other successful persons’ names and give a brief comment on them. 3.People often say that family education plays an important role in one’s life, what’s your opinion about it? II. Understanding the text 1. Analyze the structure of the passage. 2. Introduce the main idea of the Text A. Explain and illustrate the cultural background and language points in the text.