Mei Lanfang Introduction of Peking (Beijing)
Opera
P eking opera of China is a national treasure with
a history of 200 years. In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty(1790) ,the four big Huiban opera Troupes entered the capital and combined with Kunqu opera, Yiyang opera, Hanju opera and Luantan in Beijing's thearetical circle of the time. Through a period of more than half a century of combination and integration of various kinds of opera there evolved the present Peking opera, the biggest kind of opera in China, whose richness of repertoire, great number of artists of performance and of audiences, and profound influence are incomparable in China.
Peking opera is a synthesis of stylized action, singing, dialogue and mime, acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness, anger, sorrow, happiness, surprise, fear and sadness. In Peking opera there are four main types of roles: sheng (male) dan (young female), jing( painted face,male), and chou (clown, male or female). The characters may be loyal or treacherous, beautiful or ugly, good or bad, their images being vividly manifested.
The repertoire of Peking opera is mainly engaged in fairy tales of preceding dynasties, important historical events, emperors, ministers and generals, geniuses and great beauties, from the ancient times to Yao, Shun, Yu, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the dynasties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing. The music of Peking opera is that of the "plate and cavity style".Its melody with harmonious rhythms is graceful and pleasing to the ears. The melody may be classified into two groups: "Xipi" and "erhong", guiding pattern, original pattern, slow pattern, quick pattern, desultary pattern being their chief patterns. The performance is accompanied by a tune
played on wind instruments, percussion instruments and stringed instruments, the chief musical instruments being jinghu (a two-stringed bowed instrument with a high register), yueqin( a
four-stringed plucked instrument with a
full-moon-shaped sound box), Sanxian( a
three-stringed plucked instrument), suona horn, flute drum, big-gong, cymbals, small-gong, etc. The costumes in Peking opera are graceful, magnificent, elegant and brilliant, most of which are made in handicraft embroidery. As the traditional Chinese pattern are adopted, the costumes are of a high aesthetic value.
The types of facial make-ups in Peking opera are rich and various, depicting different characters and remarkable images, therefore they are highly appreciated. Moreover there are numerous fixed editions of facial make-up.
Since Mei Lanfang, the grand master of Peking opera, visited Japan in 1919, Peking opera has become more and more popular with people all over the world, and it has made an excellent contribution to cultural exchange between China and the West, to friendly association and to improvement of solidarity. Peking Opera house of Beijing has been invited to perform in U.S.A., England, France, Germany, Italy (three times), Australia, Japan( four times), Brazil, Turkey, Singapore, South korea and Hongkong (five times). The performances have made an outstanding contribution to Sino-foreign cultural exchange and to the promotion of friendly association of peoples in the world, and were highly appreciated by foreign audiences.
In 1993 Peking Opera House of Beijing as a big Peking opera troupe made a performance visit to Taiwan, pushing the cultural exchange to a new height. Peking Opera house of Beijing is willing to participate in activities of international cultural exchange and of commercial performances and sincerely hopes that friends in various countries will make contacts with us about cultural exchange and performances.
Address of Peking Opera House: Haihu West lane No.
30, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
Post:100077
Tel: (008610) 67227775
Fax: (008610) 67541215
E-mail:huangye@https://www.doczj.com/doc/134756362.html,
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What Do the Facial Makeups Stand for in Beijing Opera?
The art of facial makeups in Chinese operas boasts a long history. In ancient China, there was a form of dance called nuo which was performed at ritual ceremonies to frighten off the ghosts and evil souls and to relieve people of epidemics. Masks were used by performers when they danced. In some areas the nuo ritual ceremonies were later transformed into theatrical performances. Another example of using masks was that of Prince Lanling of the Northern Qi Period (550-577 A. D. ) . It is said that Prince Lanling excelled in martial arts but was too handsome to terrorize the enemy. So he al ways wore a ferocious-looking mask in battles in order to overwhelm the enemy. This story was later brought onto the stage in the Southern and Northern Dynasties as well as in the Sui and Tang dynasties (420-907 A. D. ) . The masks used by the performers at the ritual ceremonies and in the performing art undoubtedly had a bearing on the origination of the facial makeups. In the Tang Dynasty(618-907 A.D. ) , masks continued to be applied in low comedy, and at the same time artists started to dye their faces in portrayal of super-human beings. In the Ming Dynasty(1318-1644 A.D.) , division of roles among actors became more classified on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty (1271- 1368 A.D.) operas and the facial makeups were gradually standardized. In the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911 A.D. ) , with the springing up of Beijing Opera, the art of facial makeups was increasingly perfected. And toward the end of the Qing Dynasty, the facial makeups for different categories of characters became finalized.
Facial makeups are a special art in Chinese operas which distinctly show the appearances of different roles as well as their dispositions and moral qualities by means of artistic exaggeration combined with truthful portrayal and symbolism. Facial makeups also serve to express praise or condemnation toward the characters.
In some local operas, facial makeups are applied to all the different roles while in Beijing Opera, the most
representative of Chinese operas, facial makeups are limited only to the roles of jing and chou. A chou is
characterized by his white-painted nose which gives a comic effect and there are relatively few facial makeup
patterns for a chou role. There are a large variety of facial makeup patterns for jing in Beijing Opera, namely,
"whole face", "three-tile face", "quartered face", "six-division face", "tiny-flowered face" , "lopsided face" , etc.
Different colours such as red, yellow, blue, white, black, purple, green, gold and silver are used for facial makeups. The main colour in a facial makeup symbolizes the disposition of the character. Red indicates devotion, courage and uprightness. Yellow signifies fierceness, ambition and cool-headedness. Blue represents staunchness, fierceness and astuteness. White suggests sinisterness, treacherousness, suspiciousness and craftiness. Black symbolizes roughness and fierceness. Purple stands for uprightness, sophistication and cool-headedness. Gold and silver colours are usually used for gods and spirits.
Facial makeups are not only a special art in Chinese operas, but also an art of ornamental design, and have become a new variety in Chinese painting.
Beijing opera and Face Pattern
Chinese traditional opera is a comprehensive
performing art, which combines singing, music, dialogue, acrobatics, martial arts and pantomime. It represents the culmination and distillation of two thousand years of Chinese civilization. During the late Qing Dynasty, a new type of traditional
drama-Beijing Opera-came into being. In 1790, some troupes of Anhui Opera went to the imperial Palace in Beijing to offer birthday congratulations to the emperor and other members of the royal family. They remained in Beijing and performed for the ordinary citizens.Because of the efforts to learn artistic techniques from other local operas and to the taste of the Based on Anhui Opera, Beijing Opera took shape as an independent opera form between 1840 and 1860. Having incorporated the merits of many other local dramas, Beijing Opera not only appeals to Chinese audiences but also is warmly received by people all over the world.Beijing Opera is a comprehensive performing art that combines music, singing, dialogue, pantomime, acrobatics and martial arts. Symbolism prevails in Beijing Opera. Footwork, gestures, and various kinds of body movements can portray and symbolize the actions of opening a door, climbing a hill, going upstairs, or rowing a boat. Typical Chinese musical instruments are used in a Beijing Opera orchestra. The two-stringed fiddles jing hu and er hu are two of the main instruments. Other instruments include sheng (reed pipes), Yue Qin (moon shaped mandolin), pi pa (the Chinese lute), sue na(the Chinese clarinet), drums, bells, gongs, and hardwood castanets.The character roles in Beijing Opera are divided into four main types according to the sex, age, social status, and profession of the character. Shen refers to male roles. Dan refers to female roles. Jingo refers to the roles with painted faces. Chou, or clown, is a comic character and can be recognized at first sight for his special make-up (a patch of white paint on his nose). The costumes in Beijing Opera impress the audience with their bright colors and magnificent embroidery Face Patterns
When you are watching a Beijing Opera, the most impressive place to you maybe is the "painted face". Face patterns follow a set mode in composition, sketching and coloring.Face patterns date far back in history. Ancient Chinese entertainers sometimes wore masks known as "dummy faces". In time, following the development of the opera and the needs of the performances, the mask was replaced by the painted patterns. As soon as an actor steps onto the stage, his painted face gives a clear concept of his character--loyal or traitorous, good or evil. The audiences have long accepted such means of expression. In general, red stands for loyalty and uprightness; purple, courage and resolution; black, toughness and irascibility; yellow, brutality andschemtry; white, treachery and machination; gold and silver, mythical figures. The dominant color and the minutely executed patterns
highlight the character without imparting a sense of confusion.
There are mainly four different kinds of roles, namely sheng, dan, jing, and chou . There used to be another role called mo , which has merged into sheng.
Sheng is the male role in Beijing Opera. Sheng, according to the age, personality and status of the
characters, is subdivided into laosheng, xiaosheng, wensheng and wusheng. Laosheng, also known as
xusheng, is a bearded middle-aged or old man who is in most cases a positive character. Xiaosheng is
a handsome young man, who can either be a scholar or a military general.
Those who specialize in singing and reciting are termed wensheng, while
those who are skilled in stage-fighting, are called wusheng.
Dan is a general term in Beijing Opera for all female roles. In the feudal society of old China, as men and
women were forbidden to perform on the same stage, all the female roles were played by men. Today,
however, there are very few female impersonators. According to the age, status, personality of the character
and the style in acting, dan is further divided into zhengdan , huadan , caidan , wudan and laodan . Zhengdan
is also called qingyi because she always wears a qingyi (black costume) . Zhengdan is the type representing the gentle and virtuous young and middle-aged woman. In this type of roles much stress is given in singing. Huadan is the role for a maiden or a young woman, who is either vivacious or shrewdish in character. Emphasis is placed on acting and recitation in this type. Caidan, also called choudan, is the role for a woman of comical or crafty character. A caidan uses heavy make-up of rouge with a patch of white powder covering her nose while her acting is basically the same as that of a chou (clown) . Wudan is the role for a woman of the military type who excels in riding and archery as well as in martial arts. Like wusheng, a wudan does a lot of stage-fighting. Laodan is the role for an old woman. In singing laodan uses the natural voice which is similar to laosheng. In both singing and acting the performer must try to indicate the special characteristics of an old woman.
Jing is also known as hualian, a role with a painted face, who is a man of special character, features and
personality. Jing is further divided into wenjing (civilian type) and wujing (warrior type) . Wenjing must lay
particular emphasis on singing and wujing on acrobatic fighting. The face of a jing role is painted with a variety
of coloured patterns which are not only an artistic exaggeration but also an indication of the personality of the
character.
Chou (clown) is also called xiaohualian , or sanhualian . A chou may be a
kind-hearted, humorous and funny fellow. However, he may also be very wicked or treacherous .
Chou is also divided into wenchou ( civilian type ) , and wuchou ( a clown with martial arts ) . A female
chou is normally called caidan or choudan. A chou always paints his nose powder-white and wears an
upturned moustache so as to give a comic effect.
OPERA 操作知识 一快捷键的操作 1 F1－OPERA HELP 帮助文档 2 F3－Room Search 房间查找包括以下内容 (1)Room Class－房间等级 (2)Room Type－房型 (3)Floor－楼层 (4)Smoking－选择吸烟的房间 (5)Room Features－房间特性 (6)HK Status－房间的状态房间的状态分１０种类型 A All Room 所有房间 B Inspected Rooms 干净，经主管检查有问题，待查房 C Clean Rooms 干净房 D Dirty Rooms 脏房 E OOS 小修房
F OOO 不可卖房，大修房 G Pickup Rooms 只需稍做整理就可卖出 H Due Out 离店当天 I Checked Out 已离店 J Incl Pseudo Rooms 假房，主要分两种PM和PF房．PM（Posting Master）是指主帐房，PF（Permanent Folio） 是指非住店客人入帐所使用的房间 Ｆ３的主要功能是客人在做C/I时选择客人要求的房间． ３F5－Rate Query 房价的快捷键包括以下内容 (1)Rate Query (2)Rate Lookup (3)Package Elements (4)Rate Availability F5 的主要功能是查房价 ４Shift F1－Occupancy Graph 可查寻未来预定的情况 红色的Deduct,代表确定的预订，绿色的Non Deduct,代表不确定的预订．
所有散客预订都是Deduct,只有团队里的Ｇroup Tentative 是Non Deduct. 5Shift F2－Control Panel 控制面板 (1)Total Physical Room (2)Out of order (3)Inventory Rooms (4)Overbooking (5)Sell Limits (6)Deducted Block Rooms Not P/U (7)Deducted Block Rooms P/U (8)Total Deducted Rooms (9)Non Deducted Block Room Not P/U (10)Non Deducted Block Room P/U (11)Total Non Deducted Room (12)Out of service (13)Available Physical Rooms (14)Maximum Availability
Opera 一、Opera Pms(物业管理系统)通过三个接口来连接，分别是： 1）TABS: 电话计费系统 2）POS：收银系统 3）KER：门锁 二、Profile建立档案： 1）散客档案的建立（Individual） 在NAME里输入客人名或其它查找方式进行查找该客人，在View By 选定相应的类型（Individual），点击Search查找，如查找不到该客人，再NEW，进入如下图界面：
根据以上档案显示的内容输入相关信息。在绿色的地球形图标里可输入客人中文名，图标后面的“i”表示如客人不想公开自己的真实姓名时，在Last name 和 First name里输入假名，在Incognito里输入真实姓名。 注：在opera里凡是用黄色线圈住都是作查找用。 档案合并 如一客人有两份档案时，可使用Profile Options里的Merge功能。
选中要保留的, 进入Options的Merge, 查找被合并的档案，选中该档案，出 现如下图： 再点击Merge,合并成功。 2）新建公司档案 (Company) 首先进入Profile search里，在View by处选Company,查找要新建的公司，查找不到再New,如图： Owner:负责人，可同时选几个负责人，如有两个以上的负责人，在Owner
上显现的是首选的人。 Keyword: 设置查找该公司时的关键词。 根据具体要求填写完毕，Save保存。 如要建立公司合同价的从Options的Neg Rates项进入，如下图：在Rate Code的下拉菜单下选定相应的合同价，或New 进入也可，如下图：和酒店建立合同价的公司有在Search界面上有“$”符号，如下图： 开价日期 停价日期
opera酒店管理系统 营销、客档、房价方案、预订、接待、前台客帐、客房中心、夜审、报表中心、总经理查询、留言中心、后台AR帐、功能分配、角色授权。（2）可选的opera酒店管理系统: 1、电话管理系统:功能:电话实时接收入帐、话单分类统计、电话反控、电话自动开/关。 2、餐厅管理系统:功能:预订、开桌、点菜收银、报表中心、迎宾、系统设置、库存进销存、销售排行、成本核算。 娱乐管理系统:功能:预订、开台、点单收银、营业统计、酒水管理、场所设置。 3、洗浴管理系统:功能:开牌、点单、收银、统计查询、会员管理、技师提成、销售排行、项目设置。 4、酒吧管理系统:功能:迎宾接待、点单、收银、IC卡管理、酒水进销存、系统设置。 5、工程管理系统:功能:设备台帐、设备保养、工程报修、工程接单、在线维护、实时销单、工作量统计。 6、库存管理系统:功能:入库、出库、记明细帐、总帐、盘存、分仓管理、查询统计、报表。 7、人事工资管理:功能:员工信息、奖惩、培训教育、工资发放、查询统计、报表。
opera酒店管理系统特点： （1）资源完全开放型:系统所有的资源, 功能交由用户管理, 权限控制到按钮, 针对不同的用户, 组装不同的界面, 分配不同的使用功能. 不放心再加权限到按钮。 （2）系统突出以营销、预订、房源、房价等对营销具有影响力的信息处理。房价码可按年,季,月,周,日设定。 （3）强化以客源为中心的信息完整性、长久性、可操作性。建立了客档为中心的用户信息管理系统。 （4）使用数据穿透查询技术, 对数据进性多元,多层次的查询.从汇中数据到明细发生,紧密联系在一起,灵活实用。 （5）客档、角色、佣金、房价方案、授权折扣、操作权限到按钮、信息向角色发布系统既面向应用,又面向管理。 （6）酒店集团管理系统、采集各成员酒店的原始数据、对采集来的数据进行分类、汇总、分析等处理、形成管理决策所需的数据信息、产生各种分析报表。 （7）界面美观大方、操作方便。 （8）系统稳定、适应性强、操作灵活。
Opera系统的构成 Opera系统主控界面由:“Reservations”、”Front Desk”、“Cashiering”、“Rooms Management”、“AR”、“Commissions”、“Miscellaneous”、“Setup”、“End of Day”、与“Help”十个下拉菜单组成。 一、“Reservations”菜单
“Reservations”菜单由以下选项构成 1.“New Reservation”:做新预定。 2.“Update Reservation”更新与修改预定。 3.“wait List”等待分房客人报表。(有约定未分分房的客人信息) 4.“Blocks”团队预定 5.“Profiles”客人档案(可以建立与修改客人档案) 6.“Room Plan”客房状态(查瞧某一时间段房间的状态) 7.“Floor Plan”楼层状态(查瞧某一层房间的状态 8.“Confirmation”确认信(可以查询已经确认的预定) 9.“Calendar”日历(日历上会显示每天的可用房数) 二、“Front Desk”前台菜单
“Front Desk ”菜单由以下选项构成 1.“Arrivals”到达:为客人办理入住。 2.“In-House Guests”住店客人:用于住店客人的相关信息查寻。 3.“Accounts”客人档案信息查寻 4.“Room Blocking”锁房:(可将预定时已经与客人确认过的房间与有特殊用途的房间锁定,锁定后的房间将成为不可 卖房) 5.“Messages”查瞧Messages(查瞧系统中所留的Messages) 6.“Traces”查瞧Traces (查瞧系统登当天到第二天所留的Traces) ？ 三、“Cashuering ”收银菜单
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 Opera系统的构成 Opera系统主控界面由：“Reservations”、”Front Desk”、“Cashiering”、“Rooms Management”、“AR”、“Commissions”、“Miscellaneous”、“Setup”、“End of Day”、 和“Help”十个下拉菜单组成。
一、“Reservations”菜单 “Reservations”菜单由以下选项构成
1.“New Reservation”：做新预定。 2.“Update Reservation”更新和修改预定。 3.“wait List”等待分房客人报表。（有约定未分分房的客人信息） 4.“Blocks”团队预定 5.“Profiles”客人档案（可以建立和修改客人档案） 6.“Room Plan”客房状态（查看某一时间段房间的状态） 7.“Floor Plan”楼层状态（查看某一层房间的状态 8.“Confirmation”确认信(可以查询已经确认的预定) 9.“Calendar”日历（日历上会显示每天的可用房数） 二、“Front Desk”前台菜单
“Front Desk ”菜单由以下选项构成 1.“Arrivals”到达：为客人办理入住。 2.“In-House Guests”住店客人：用于住店客人的相关信息查寻。 3.“Accounts”客人档案信息查寻 4.“Room Blocking”锁房：（可将预定时已经和客人确认过的房间和有特殊用途的 房间锁定，锁定后的房间将成为不可卖房） 5.“Messages”查看Messages（查看系统中所留的Messages） 6.“Traces”查看Traces （查看系统登当天到第二天所留的Traces）
Lesson2 Beijing Opera教案Lesson2Beijingopera教案Teachingaims:1. Topractiseusinggeneralknowledgetothinkofpossibleans wersbeforelistening.2. Topractisegettingthegeneralideawhenlisteningforthef irsttime.3. Topractiseidentifyingkeywordstolistenfor.4. Topractiseaskingfor,givingandrefusingpermission.Tea chingmaterial:Lesson2,Unit5,module2Teachingaid:Amul timediacomputerTeachingprocedures:Stage1 Lead-in■Inpairs,studentslookatthephotographsandguesstheposs ibleanswerstothequestions,usingtheirbackgroundknowl edge. ■checktheanswerswiththeclass. ■IntroducemoreaboutBeijingopera: .Beijingoperadatesbacktothe18thcentury.
2.Itisacombinationofacting,talking,singing,music,da ncingandacrobatics. 3.Thecostumesarealwaysinbrightcolour. Stage2 Beforeyoustart■Studentsstudythewordsandthedefinitionsinpairsandgue ssthepossibledefinitionforeachwordorphrase. ■checktheanswersasaclassandmakesurestudentsunderstan dallthenewwords.Stage3 Lookandjudge1.whendidBeijingoperastart?2.Howmanymai nrolesarethereinBeijingopera?3.whatarethemaininstru mentsplayedinit?4.matchthemainroleswiththeirnames: sheng maleroleswithbrightlypaintedfaces dan femaleroles jing clownroleschou
Mei Lanfang Introduction of Peking (Beijing) Opera P eking opera of China is a national treasure with a history of 200 years. In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty(1790) ,the four big Huiban opera Troupes entered the capital and combined with Kunqu opera, Yiyang opera, Hanju opera and Luantan in Beijing's thearetical circle of the time. Through a period of more than half a century of combination and integration of various kinds of opera there evolved the present Peking opera, the biggest kind of opera in China, whose richness of repertoire, great number of artists of performance and of audiences, and profound influence are incomparable in China. Peking opera is a synthesis of stylized action, singing, dialogue and mime, acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness, anger, sorrow, happiness, surprise, fear and sadness. In Peking opera there are four main types of roles: sheng (male) dan (young female), jing( painted face,male), and chou (clown, male or female). The characters may be loyal or treacherous, beautiful or ugly, good or bad, their images being vividly manifested. The repertoire of Peking opera is mainly engaged in fairy tales of preceding dynasties, important historical events, emperors, ministers and generals, geniuses and great beauties, from the ancient times to Yao, Shun, Yu, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the dynasties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing. The music of Peking opera is that of the "plate and cavity style".Its melody with harmonious rhythms is graceful and pleasing to the ears. The melody may be classified into two groups: "Xipi" and "erhong", guiding pattern, original pattern, slow pattern, quick pattern, desultary pattern being their chief patterns. The performance is accompanied by a tune
O P E R A系统操作
Opera系统的构成 Opera系统主控界面由：“Reservations”、”Front Desk”、“Cashiering”、“Rooms Management”、“AR”、“Commissions”、“Miscellaneous”、“Setup”、“End of Day”、和“Help”十个下拉菜 单组成。
一、“Reservations”菜单 “Reservations”菜单由以下选项构成 1.“New Reservation”：做新预定。 2.“Update Reservation”更新和修改预定。 3.“wait List”等待分房客人报表。（有约定未分分房的客人信息）
4.“Blocks”团队预定 5.“Profiles”客人档案（可以建立和修改客人档案） 6.“Room Plan”客房状态（查看某一时间段房间的状态） 7.“Floor Plan”楼层状态（查看某一层房间的状态 8.“Confirmation”确认信 (可以查询已经确认的预定) 9.“Calendar”日历（日历上会显示每天的可用房数） 二、“Front Desk”前台菜单
“Front Desk ”菜单由以下选项构成 1.“Arrivals”到达：为客人办理入住。 2.“In-House Guests”住店客人：用于住店客人的相关信息查寻。 3.“Accounts”客人档案信息查寻 4.“Room Blocking”锁房：（可将预定时已经和客人确认过的房间和有特殊用途的房间锁定，锁定后 的房间将成为不可卖房） 5.“Messages”查看Messages（查看系统中所留的Messages） 6.“Traces”查看Traces （查看系统登当天到第二天所留的Traces）
O p e r a h o t e l e d i t i o n酒店管理系统 E n d o f d a y夜审 H e l p在线帮助、用户手册 C o n f i g u r a t i o n设置 U t i l i t i e s系统管理、系统维护工具 P r o d u c t i o n正式系统 T r a i n i n g培训练习系统 L o g i n注册、登录 E x i t退出 R e s e r v a t i o n预订 F r o n t D e s k前台 C a s h i e r i n g收银 R o o m M a n a g e m e n t房务 A R（A c c e p t a n c e R e q u i r e m e n t）应收C o m m i s s i o n s佣金、手续费 M i s c e l l a n e o u s杂项 S e t u p设置 档案类型 I n d i v i d u a l个人 C o m p a n y公司 T r a v e l A g e n t旅行社 G r o u p团队 S o u r c e销售员
新建个人档案 L a s t N a m e：姓，内宾、港澳台或外籍华人输入中文名；外宾输入英文姓，即对应护照上的S u r n a m e。 F i r s t/M i d d l e：名，港澳台或外籍华人输入英文姓/中间名；外宾输入英文名，即对应护照上的 G i v e n n a m e。 集团标准：英文姓和名的第一个字母大写 L a n g u a g e语言（中、英），同时用于控制账单语言。 A d d r e s s地址。H家庭地址（默认）；B商务地址；O其它地址；P r o t e c t e d保密地址 点击..可追加新地址：N e w-选择地址类型-O K-A d d r e s s-C i t y-P o s t a l C o d e-C o u n t r y国 家)-S t a t s(省)-P r i m a r y（主要的）-O K 档案主页上显示的是P r i m a r y地址，要将地址显示在档案上操作：..-选择要显示的地址-点击P r i m a r y(选中的地址会带有X号)-C l o s e 集团标准：每个地址缩减在两行范围内，第三行不打印；地址与城市、国家、省份不能重复。 P o s t a l C d./E x i t邮政编码/区域代码（不用）； C i t y：城市； C o u n t r y/S t a t e：国家/省； S a l u t a t i o n：客人敬语。根据客人姓名、语种、称谓自动生成；也可进行手工调整。 V I P：贵宾等级代码； N a t i o n a l i t y：国籍； R e f.C u r r.：付款方式。默认为人民币（C N Y）c h i n a y u a n； M a i l A c t i o n：寄卡标志； P r o p e r t y：显示当前酒店。可选择酒店； D a t e o f B i r t h：出生日期； P a s s p o r t：证件号码； I D T y p e：证件类型； C o m m u n i c a t i o n s：联系方式。
酒店Opera前台操 作流程
Opera 一、Opera Pms (物业管理系统)经过三个接口来连接，分别是： 1）TABS: 电话计费系统 2）POS：收银系统 3）KER：门锁 二、Profile建立档案： 1）散客档案的建立（Individual） 在NAME里输入客人名或其它查找方式进行查找该客人，在View By选定相应的类型（Individual），点击Search查找，如查找不到该客人，再NEW，进入如下图界面：
根据以上档案显示的内容输入相关信息。在绿色的地球形图标里可输入客人中文名，图标后面的“i”表示如客人不想公开自己的真实姓名时，在Last name 和 First name里输入假名，在Incognito 里输入真实姓名。 注：在opera里凡是用黄色线圈住都是作查找用。 档案合并 如一客人有两份档案时，可使用Profile Options里的Merge功
能。 选中要保留的, 进入Options的Merge, 查找被合并的档案，选中该 档案，出现如下图： 再点击Merge,合并成功。 2）新建公司档案 (Company) 首先进入Profile search里，在View by处选Company,查找要新建的公司，查找不到再New,如图：
Owner:负责人，可同时选几个负责人，如有两个以上的负责人，在Owner 上显现的是首选的人。 Keyword: 设置查找该公司时的关键词。 根据具体要求填写完毕，Save 保存。 如要建立公司合同价的从Options 的Neg Rates 项进入，如下 图 ： 在Rate Code 的下拉菜单下选定相应的合同价，或New 进入也可，如下图： 和酒店建立合同价的公司有在Search 界面上有“$”符号，如下图： 开价日 期
Hello, everybody, Do you know what quintessence of Chinese culture is? Which one is typical Chinese art in the eye of foreigner? Which opera was most popular in the last two hundred years in China? I think you already got the answer: it’s Beijing Opera. Beijing opera, Chinese called Jingju is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century when the “Four Great Anhui Troupes” brought Anhui opera (Huiju), to Beijing i n 1790, for the birthday of the Qianlong Emperor. It became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. Now the art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan and even spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan. Beijing opera features four main types of performers: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou. The main role of them are Sheng and Dan. The Sheng is the main male role in Beijing opera. The role has numerous subtypes. The laosheng is a dignified older role. These characters have a gentle and cultivated disposition and wear sensible costumes. Young male characters are known as Xiaosheng. These characters sing in a high, shrill voice with occasional breaks to represent the voice changing period of adolescence. The Wusheng is a martial character for roles involving combat. They are trained in acrobatics, and have a natural voice when singing. The Dan refers to any female role in Peking opera. Dan roles were originally divided into five subtypes. Old women were played by Laodan, martial women were Wudan, young female warriors were Daomadao, virtuous and elite women were Qingyi, and vivacious and unmarried women were hudan. The most famous performers as Dan were Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng, they were all known to everybody before liberation. In modern society, Beijing Opera is no longer as popular as the past. In recent years, Beijing opera has attempted numerous reforms in response to sagging audience numbers. These reforms, which include improving performance quality, adapting new performance elements, and performing new and original plays, have met with mixed success. Some Western works have been adopted as new plays. I hope Beijing Opera will replay its splendid history in the near future. DOW RESTRICTED - For internal use only
Opera系统： OPera PMS 流程： Reservations(预订) 、Front Desk（前台接待）、Room Management(客房管理)、Cashiering （前台结账）、离店 一、Reservation 1、New Reaervation 新预订 2、Upate Reservation最新预订 3、Blocks 团队锁定 4、Profiles 客史 5、Room Plans房态图 6、Floor Plans楼层图 IATA NO.国际组织代码，Grop NO.协议公司代码mentype/NO会员类型Last Name 输入中文的姓的拼音 First 输入中文名的拼音chn 输入中文名字国籍必须填Room night 间夜数Arrival Rooms 实际使用房间数 Cancel room 取消房间数No show rooms 应到未到房间数Day use rooms 日用房Total Revenue 总营收 room revenue 客房营收F&B Revenue 餐饮营收Extra Revenue 其它营收Fixed charges 固定费用（可选择加床） Specials 指客人本次入住的特殊要求comments 指客人本次入住的备注说明origin 指订房方式More Fields直接送机 OPtion 单击option 选择perfernce 做相关备注（客人的喜好）merge 客史合并Neg.Rates 协议价Notes 备注 Delete删除relationship 相关memberships 会员卡future未来入住预订history过往入住史charges 记录客人的 credit cards 信用卡Alerts 提示信息，特定时段弹出Party 散客成团Room Move 换房Deposit 押金shares 同住房 routing账目安排Fixed charges 可选择加床 share案例 update--option--share--combine (split对半分担房费) Rate code 必须相同 Deposit 案例 option--deposit--new--ok--payment (ok后填入Amount金额Due date 只能填入住前的日期点击view可以预览，receipt 打印收据） 第二步退款200元 点击payment 选中paid out 在Amount 中输入“—200”后ok （在住店客人押金不足，继补时在Billing中付款） （退款用paid out ，退款给客人钱输入负数，收取客人钱输入正数。deposit在客人c/i 以后即入住后就无法使用，
Beijing Opera Revision Handout I.Making sentences. 1、京剧有四个主要角色，他们是生、旦、净、丑。（用定语从句） ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2、京剧结合了表演、对话、唱歌、音乐、舞蹈和杂技。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3、音乐声音必须要大，演员嗓音一定要尖锐，这样才能让观众听到。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4、京剧演员的戏服颜色鲜艳，这样观众们在室外露天舞台才能看得更清楚。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 这座奖杯（trophy）是我们团结的象征。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 我很荣幸能够代表我们班参加这次比赛。 ________________________________________________________________________________ III.Read and reply the letter. Dear my Chinese friend, How are you? I’m learning Chinese recently and my teacher told us something about Beijing Opera. I’m very interested in it. Could you tell me more about it? And can you take me to watch a live performance when I come to Beijing next month? Thank you very much! Looking forward to hearing from you. Best wishes. Yours, Linda
Opera和Foxhis酒店管理系统比较 Opera和Foxhis作为知名的酒店管理系统。均适用于酒店预订部，前厅部，财务部，客房部，销售部，几乎可以覆盖酒店的每个部门。在酒店行业工作三年多，两种软件都有接触，主要是预订这一块，现就预定方面简要做一下对比。一．Profile 均以先查询后新建的原则，均可按散客，协议公司，旅行社，订房中心类别建立并查询的功能。且可在该页面内录入客人喜好，家庭/公司住址，联系方式等。各有优劣，个人觉得opera使用更方便。 1.新建。对有客史的客人， Opera在Profile中我们可以很直观的看到他往次的入住信息和预到预定信息，且可以直接在该页面上新建预订。西软的查询和新订则要进入到不同页面两次操作，相对而言则要麻烦一些。 2.会员积分。Opera可以及时方便查询会员积分，且能够自动根剧会员积分变化识别其等级，西软则要人为的设置VIP的等级。 3.名字查询。关于Profile中名字查询的问题。两者均可模糊查询，西软中客人First name及family name的顺序若颠倒则不会影响查询结果，相对这点比Opera要方便些，这样可以很大程度的避免员工因为粗心未查到客人资料又再次新建。 4.Merge。西软在合并时可以选择性合并，即可以人为的保留正确的信息，使其信息量最大化。当然opera也是只有相同的信息才能覆盖。 二．Reservation 毋庸置疑，所有预定均需录入基本信息，姓名，抵店及离店时间，房型，价格，房晚，房数，联系方式，是否需要加床，接送机付费方式，担保方式。预定选项也大抵差不多，但还是有一些细微的差别 https://www.doczj.com/doc/134756362.html,ments/Remarks:一般用作注明房价，早餐，付费方式。Opera中不允许出 现中文，若房费由第三方付费房价保密事需将右下方的print rate的勾去掉。 西软则需手动勾选room secret。 2.批量操作/Batch: opera只有在团队预定中可以批量操作，西软无论散客预 定还是团队预定均可批量操作。 3.accompany/share：两人或三人同住一间房Opera中只以随行名字形式出现， 不会另外生成新的预定。西软则是以两个预定的形式存在，可以将费用进行拆分。 4.changes/log:可以看得到操作记录。Opera中comments的更改一般看不到具 体更改内容，只能显示有更新。西软则不能单独点击进去查看每一天更改记录，查询起来只能左右拖动，视觉上来讲不方便查询变更记录。 5.alert:重要的提示信息。Opera复制或分离预定时alert可以相应复制或分 离，西软则无。需要重复操作。 6.confirmation No：opera中每一个独立的预定会对应一个独立的预定号码， 若是有party会有一个对应的party号方便查询。团队则会有对应的团号。 （团号更根据月份及团队类型认为生成相应团号）.西软中同一个party只有一个预定号，亦无团号。 7.Group: opera在团队预定中可以自动合并或计算出连住间夜，并自动统计出 总间夜数及总房费。西软则需要人为单独计算且又是统计数据不够准确。
Beijing Opera, also called "Eastern Opera," is a principle tradition in Chinese culture. It is called Beijing Opera because it is formed in Beijing. Beijing Opera has a history of 200 years in which its fountainhead can be dated back to old local operas, especially Anhui Opera, which was very popular in northern China in the 18th century. In 1790, the first Anhui Opera performance was held in Beijing to celebrate the Emperor's birthday. Later, some other Anhui Opera troupes went on to perform in Beijing. Anhui Opera was easy to move and good at absorbing the acting styles of other types of operas. Beijing accumulated many local operas, which made Anhui Opera improve quickly. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, after merging for 10 years, Beijing Opera finally formed, and became the biggest of all operas in China. Beijing Opera has a rich list of plays, artists, troupes, audiences, and wide influences, making it the foremost opera in China. Beijing Opera is a comprehensive acting art. It blends singing, reading, acting, fighting, and dancing together by using acting methods to narrate stories and depict characters. The roles in Beijing Opera include the male, female, painted-face, and comedic roles. Besides, there are other supporting roles as well. In addition, the types of facial make-up,