20XX 届高三英语语法总复习：英语中的五个基本句型
叶中高三英语备课组编写组
基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),
表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成
3
、例句：
Jim is working [very hard] [now].（他现在正非常努力地工作。）
She is young. （她年轻。） It looks like rain. （天看上去要下雨。）
The boy [always] kicked the dog [with his feet]. （这男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。）
He has [never] bought me a toy [since last year]. （从去年起他没给我买过一个玩具。） （他感到有个冰冷的东西顺着腿上爬。）
示某种词类最经常充当某个成分。 “×”表示某种词类不能充当某个成分。
2、“ * ”表示该成分可以由从句充当,如主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。
句型一：主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。
e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语
1、主谓句型：S －V i 。
2、主系表句型：S －V link －P
3、主谓宾句型：S －V t.－O
4、主谓双宾句型：S －V t －O 间宾－O 直
5、主谓宾补句型：S －V t －O －C
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . There comes the bus .
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,
通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二：主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .I feel quite hungry . The ball is under the desk .
句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .Do you know him ?Your radio needs repairing .She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
A. 在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please .
直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说：I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .I found my money stolen .
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，
listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.
e.g. We hear her sing next door.She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money. He was seen to steal the old man’s money .
【五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项一】
一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？—No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？【练习导航】Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 他在听。He _____ _____.
2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?
3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。The rain _____ _____ two hours.
4. 事物总是变化的。Things always _____.
5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。His dream to China _____ _____ _____.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
( )6. An MP5 player o f this type costs too much. You’d better ______.
A. wait
B. waiting
C. waited
D. to wait
( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.
A. rain
B. is raining
C. rained
D. has rained
( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.
A. is playing
B. was playing
C. has played
D. will play
( )9. —What did your father say just now?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.
A. am talking
B. talk
C. was talking
D. have talked
( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind.
A. go; was following
B. will go; follow
C. will go; followed
D. go; will follow
二、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）
系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：
All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。
The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。
【练习导航】
翻译下面的汉语句子。
1. 他感到有点累。______________________________
2. 这听起来是个好主意。______________________________
3. 海伦在家吗？______________________________
4. 我的电脑在书房里。______________________________
5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。______________________________
6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。______________________________
7. 问题是你想干什么。______________________________
8. 他总是乐于助人。______________________________
9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。______________________________
10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。______________________________
三、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：
He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。
He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。
1. He handed in his homework this morning. ____________
2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________
3. He forgot which way to go. ____________
4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________
5. I’ll do what I can. ____________
Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
6. 你认识这些人吗？
Do you _________ _________ _________?
7. 今天早上他完成了报告。
He _________ _________ _________ this morning.
8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。
Now I’ll _________ _________.
9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。
He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.
10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。
I don’t remember _________ the accident _________.
四、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。
1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________
2. Bring me some water, please. _________________
3. I’l l make you some fresh tea. _________________
4. He sang us a folk song. _________________
5. She showed me her paintings. _________________
Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。
6. Tom gave me a nice pen.
Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.
7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.
My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.
8. She cooked us a delicious meal.
She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.
9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt.
Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.
10. She made me a cup of coffee.
She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.
【温馨提示】
◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：
Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？
→Can you lend your car to us?
◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：
My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。
→My uncle bought a watch for me.
五、S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。
I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。
The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。
1. They call their daughter Mary. ___________
2. Don’t leave me behind. _____________
3. I wish you to be happy. _____________
4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________
5. Good food keeps you healthy. ____________
Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。
6. 他们请我和他们一道去。______________________________
7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。______________________________
8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？______________________________
9. 你建议我做什么？______________________________
10. 你注意到他进来了吗？______________________________
六、there be句型
there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如：There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week.
A. was
B. were
C. will be
D. are
( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.
A. will have
B. is going to have
C. is have
D. is going to be
( ) 3. There _____ to be something wrong with him.
A. is
B. was
C. seems
D. are
( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _______?
A. won’t it
B. won’t there
C. isn’t it
D. aren’t there
( ) 5. There____more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. are
Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。
_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard.
7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。
______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street.
8. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。
_____ _____ _____ a better way to do this.
9. 没有空气就没有声音.
_____ _____ _____ sound without air.
10. 没有时间再等你了。
_____ ______ no time _____ ________ ou.
【五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项二】
练习一：主谓结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises.主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east
翻译下面的练习题：
1.你应当努力学习。
2.她昨天回家很晚。
3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
4.会议将持续两个小时。
5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
练习二：主系表结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有
（1）表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound.
（2）表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand.
（3）表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.
翻译下面的练习题：
1.我的兄弟都是大学生。
2.冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3.布朗夫人看起来很健康。
4.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5.孩子们，请保持安静。
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（一）汉译英练习
说明：此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
翻译下面的练习题：
1.昨晚我写了一封信。
2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3.这本书他读过多次了。
4.他们成功地完成了计划。
5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（二）汉译英练习
说明：此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。
翻译下面的练习题：
1.我不信任那个人。
2.他指出了我的作文中的错误。
3.圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。
4.你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。
5.五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。
练习四：双宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明：此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，
He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。
翻译下面的练习题：
1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
练习五：复合宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习
说明: 此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如，The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. 用it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即主语+ 谓语+ it + 宾补+ 真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
翻译下面的练习题：
1.我们叫她Alice.
2.他的父母给他取名为John.
3.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
4.他们把门推开了。
5.他们把小偷释放了。
练习六：There be句型基本句型汉译英练习
说明：此句型是由there + be + 主语+ 状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，
现在有there is/are …过去有there was/were…将来有there will be…/there is /are going to be...现在已经有there has/have been…可能有there might be...
肯定有there must be …/there must have been...过去一直有there used to be …
似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be …碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。
翻译下面的练习题：
1.今晚没有会。
2.这个村子过去只有一口井。
3.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。
4.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5.天气预报说下午有大风。
20XX届高三英语语法总复习：英语中的五个基本句型
【五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项一】答案
一、Ⅰ. 1. is listening 2. sleep well 3. lasted for
4. change
5. has come true
Ⅱ. 6-10 ABBCD
二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea.
3. Is Helen in?
4. My computer is in the study.
5. His dream is to become a doctor.
6. My favorite sport is swimming.
7. The question is what you want to do.
8. He is always ready to help others.
9. The dish smells good. 10. The girl is my sister.
三、Ⅰ. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go
4. waiting
5. what I can
Ⅱ. 6. know these people 7. finished his report
8. introduce myself 9. to move to
10. when; happened
四、Ⅰ. 1. her telephone number 2. some water
3. some fresh tea
4. a folk song
5. her paintings
Ⅱ. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for
9. showed; to 10. made; for
五、Ⅰ. 1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy
4. chatting with Nancy
5. healthy
Ⅱ. 6. They asked me to go with them.
7. I saw her talking with Jane just now.
8. Do you think the movie wonderful?
9. What do you advise me to do?
10. Did you notice him come in?
六、Ⅰ. 1-5 ADCBC
Ⅱ. 6. There is; playing 7. There used to be
8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for
【五个基本句型的基础过关练习题专项二】答案
练习一：主谓结构基本句型汉译英练习
1.You should study hard.
2.She went home very late yesterday evening.
3.That morning we talked a great deal.
4.The meeting will last two hours.
5.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 练习二：主系表结构基本句型汉译英练习
1.My brothers are all college students.
2.In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3.Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
4.At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5.Children, keep quiet please.
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（一）汉译英练习
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
练习三：主谓宾结构基本句型（二）汉译英练习
1.I don’t believe in(介) that man.
2.He pointed out（副）the mistakes in my composition.
3.On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.
4.You must hand in（副）your exercise-books after class.
5.We cannot work out（副）the problem in five minutes.
练习四：双宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习
1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4.Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5.He showed the ticket to the conductor.
练习五：复合宾语结构基本句型汉译英练习
1.We call her Alice.
2.His parents named him John.
3.All of us considered him honest.
4.They pushed the door open.
5.They have set the thief free.
练习六：There be 句型基本句型汉译英练习
1.There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2.There was only a well in the village.
3.There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the moon, the sun. 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如： the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如： on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如： the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如： the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如： the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）： 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如： China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。 2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street. 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如： We are students.
语法填空专项训练---时态语态 一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The house belongs to my aunt but she ____________ (not live) here any more. (全国I) 2. This machine _______________ (not work). It hasn’t worked for years. (浙江) 3. If their marketing plans succeed, they________________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国Ⅱ) 4. Population experts predict that most people ___________(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春) 5. He __________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6. -- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? -- Yes, since she _________(join) the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7. Teenagers ____________(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother __________ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南) 9. John promised his doctor he _____________ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10. By this time tomorrow, I_____________ (lie) on the beach 11. So far this year we _________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建) 12. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____________(stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ____________ (know) each other for years. (辽宁) 14. -- I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. -- I think so. He _____________________ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏) 15. The telephone ________________ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川) 16. --Did you go to the show last night?
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
单招高三英语语法专项复习教学案（一） 一、名词的种类 英语名词可以分为两大类：普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：happiness，chair，family，gold。 普通名词可进一步分为： 1．个体名词：表示个别人或事物的名称。例如：teacher，desk，book，car。 2．集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。例如：class，team，people，furniture。注意有许多集体名词也可以用作个体名词，但是意义稍有不同。用作集体名词的时候指的是整体；用作个体名词的时候，指的是这个集体中的成员。 My family _____(be) a big one.(家庭) My family _______(be) fond of watching football games.(家庭成员) 3．物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。例如：air，water，bread，paper，oil。 4．抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念，多指看不见摸不着的东西。例如：sadness，safety，care，thought，illness。 … 而专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称，其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。例如：Mary，the People’s Republic of China，Sydney，Beijing Hotel。 名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有___数、____数之分，表示可以数计的事物的名词。个体名词和集体名词一般是____(可/ 不可)数的。例如：a girl—two girls，a flower—some flowers。不可数名词表示的是不可以数计的名词，一般不分单数和复数。物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般是_______数的。例如：coffee—a cup of coffee，milk—a glass of milk。有少数名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，但意义有所不同。例如： 不可数名词可数名词 paper纸文件；论文；报纸 experience经验经历 room空间房间 【即学即练】 （）1. Mr. Li has worked in this factory for many years. He has ________ in this field. A. many experience B. many experiences C. much experience D. much experiences . ( ) 2. Mr. Black is a famous professor. He has published a lot of _______ in many foreign magazines. A. paper B. papers ( ) 3. There were too many people in the boat. They couldn’t make any _____ for her. A. room B. rooms 二、名词的数 数是个语法范畴，指名词的单、复数形式。 (一)可数名词
高考英语语法练习题精选（一）100 题 1. —I put him down for a well-educated man. —___________ ?—I mean that he's a well-educated man. A. I beg your pardon B. Speak louder, will you C. What's that D. Will you repeat word for word 2. He ________ he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to took difficult. A. hopes B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped 3. —ou ________ stop me. —Even if you _________ it, I won't allow you to swim across the river. A. mustn't; dare not do B. may ; dare not do C. can; dare to do D. needn't; dare do 4. ________ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. If B. That C. When D. Because 5. She had golden hair when she was a child, but ______ she got older and older, her hair went darker and darker. A. while B. when C. after D. as 6. I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having made C. making D. to make 7. I often have conversations with John over telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by letter. A.不填;;the B.不填;a C. the;不填 D. the; a 8. The most favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. A. where B. when C. that D. which 9. —You don't seem to be quite yourself today. What's wrong? —Oh, I'm suffering from a cold. Nothing serious, A. yet B. indeed C. though D. anyway 10. ________ lessons were not difficult. A. Our few first short English B. Our first few short English C. Our few first English short D. Few our first English short 11. Mr. Smith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea 2,000,000 dollars. A. at B. for C. to D. by 12. —Which one can I take? —-You can take _________ of them; I'll keep none. A. both B. any C. either D. all 13. What a pity! He ___________ the only chance of success. A. threw away B. put down C. gave in D. broke off 14. —Come in, please. Make yourself at home. —I'm glad you like it. A. Thanks. You have a nice place here. B. Oh, this picture is so beautiful! C. Thanks. What nice food you've prepared!D OK. Let me look around your new house. 15. ________ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved 16. —How much is the T-shirt __________ ?—65 dollars. A. worth B. cost C worthy D. paid 17. —Glad to meet you.—________ A. So do I. B. How are you? C. How do you do? D. The same to you. 18. —Can I drive on the free way, Mr. Green? —You can when you a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get 19. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 20. For many Beijingers, dreams of living in ______________ _ green area are becoming ____ _____ reality. A. a; a B. the; the C. 不填;不填 D. 不填;a 21. My money __________ . I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I 'nvoene in hand. A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out 22. For quite __________ ___ students, their teacher 'asdvice is more important than ___________ of their parents '. A. few ; one B. a few; that C. a little ; some D. a lot; many 23. _______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 24. On the long journey, Peter __________ a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time. A. practiced B. behaved C. proved D. conducted 25. --Do you live __________ near Jim? --No, he lives in another part of the town. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. everywhere 26. This photo of mine was taken ________ stood the famous high tower. A. which B. in which C. where D. there 27. Some of the suspects 嫌疑犯）refused to answer and kept their mouths shut. A. questioning B. being questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned He had little idea that it was getting so late, ___________ ? A. didn't he B. wasn't it C. did he D. was it 29. Peter won't drive us to the station. He has ________ to take us all. A. a very small car B. too small a car C. a too small car D. such a small car 30. You _________ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. too small a car C. have always watched D. have always been watchi 31. —You must be excited about going to Japan for schooling. —___________ , but I'm afraid I can't do well because Japanese is poor. A. Never mind B. Well, I ought to C. I don k'no t w yet D. Certainly not 32. —What do you think of your nephew? —He __________ be very naughty but at the same time you poor. A. will ; will B. won't; can't C. may ; may D. can; can't 33. Exercise is___ ______ as any other to lose unwanted weight. A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way 34. —____________ you ________ the editor at the airport? —No, he _________ away before my arrival. A. Have... met; has driven B. Had... met; was driven C. Did... meet; had been driven D. Have... met; had driven 35. —Why didn't you answer my phone when I phoned you at about 11 p. m. yesterday?
高考感悟 1．(2013·北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol ______ us. A．expect B．are expecting C．have expected D．will expect 2．(2013·陕西高考)On Monday mornings it usually ________ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A．takes B．is taking C．took D．will take . 高考感悟 1．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ my mind. A．have changed B．change C．had changed D．would change 2.Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother. A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost 3. I ____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 高考感悟 1．(2013·江苏高考)—What about your self-drive trip yesterday? —Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ________ a rough ride. A．had B．Have C．would have D．have had 2．Could I have a table by the window? —Sorry, sir. All of them ________ . A．were booked B．had been booked C．are being booked D．have been booked 3. —I want to give Mary this gift. __ Oh, sorry. She ______. A. left B. has left C. leaves D. had left 4. ___You seem to be familiar with London. ___I ________ there for three years. It's great to be back. A．lived B．had lived C．have lived D．live 高考感悟 1．(2013·辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________ it for a very long time. A．has had B．had had C．has D．had 2．(2013·安徽高考)I'm calling about the apartment you ________ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? A．advertised B．had advertised C．are advertising D．will advertise 3. __ I’ve brought a box of chocolates for our daughter. —Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things. _____ that? A. Don’t you know B. Haven’t you know C. Didn’t you know D. Hadn’t you know n 4. As he approached the door, Mike looked into the room again to see if he ______ anything
2019年高考英语语法填空实战模拟 (名师精剖析解题技巧与方法+实战练习，值得下载练习) 篇一:语法填空答题技巧 {} 语法填空解题流程 {} 语法填空答题技巧 形式一有提示词类 (一)提供动词类 当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或 词类转化。其解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me，pandas are its top __61__(attract)．[典例1][2016· [剖析]考查名词。句意：对于像我一样的游客，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词 top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。 [典例2][2016· 全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
[剖析]include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。 全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ [典例3][2016· (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语，故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。 (二)词性转换类 词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名 词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。其 解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony [典例1][2016· in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。 全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a [典例2][2016· real sense of __62__ (achieve)． [剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。 特别提醒：1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时，也有可能是考查其比较等级。 [典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知，此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，故答案为harder。 2．括号中所给词为名词时，有可能不是考查词性转换，而是考查单复数。 [典例2]．..for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. [剖析]由定冠词the可知，此处应填名词，由谓语动词are和require可知此处 应用复数形式changes。 3．有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相 反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-等，在词根
高三英语语法复习（四） 宾语从句 一、朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会宾语从句的用法要点。 1.She said (that) she would come to the meeting.(that可省略) 2.I know (that) he is too old and that he can’t do the work.(第二个that不可省略) 3.I don’t know whether/if he’ll arrive in time.(whether=if) 4.Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 5.He goes to the library every day except when it is raining. 6.No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years. 二、朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会宾语从句的用法要点。 7.I think it best that you should stay here.(that不可省略) 8.He made it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea. 9.Please see to it that all the windows are closed before you leave the room. 10.You may depend on it that everything will be all right. 11.I don’t like it when you look at me like that. 12. I don’t think this dress fits you well. 13.I don’t suppose that it is true. 三、要点归纳 在复合句中做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句通常放在及物动词、介词及形容词之后，充当这些词的宾语。 1.宾语从句的引导词：宾语从句通常由连词that和whether/if，连接代词what, who, which或连接副词when, where, how, why等引导。（例句1---6） 2.连词that的省略：引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略。但以下情况，that一般不能省略。1）..有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，and 后的那个that不能省略。 2)..形式宾语it后面的that不能省略。（例句7--11） 3.用it作形式宾语的宾语从句：1). 当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。(7---8) 2). .某些动词或介词，跟宾语从句时，需要在从句前加上it。常见的结构有：like/hate it when/that-从句，see to it that-从句（确保、保证），depend on/rely on it that-从句(相信)，I’d appreciate it if-从句，take it for granted that-从句（想当然，认为）等（例句9---11）。 4.宾语从句中的否定转移：如果主句的主语为第一人称（I/we），且谓语动词是think, consider, believe, suppose, except, imagine等，其后面的宾语从句为否定意义时，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定形式。（例句12---13） 练习：即学即练 1.People in Chongqing are proud of ______ they have achieved in the past ten years. 2.As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ________ he will do or think. 3.Having checked the doors were closed, and_______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 4.By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ______ you read.
高三英语专项训练----语法填空 （1）(Topic: ) Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out 16 _______ they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town，he placed 17 ___ very large stone. Then he 18____ (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, 19____ he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.20 ______ man came along and did the same thing; then another came，and another. All of them complained about the stone but did not tried to remove 21______. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 22 _______ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark. Some neighbors will come along later 23 _____ the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 24 ________ (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 25 ________ the stone，he found a bag of money. （2）(Topic: ) The best gift I ever received is the parents that were given to me. I could not have picked out 16 _______ (good) parents myself. My mom is smart，funny，and very artistic. She loves painting and encouraging other people to paint as well. She owns 17______ own book and art store. And at night she teaches adult 18 ________ (educate). She helps kids 19 _________ have dropped out of high school 20 _________ (get) their diploma. She always has time for me and my brothers. She hardly ever gets mad 21 ______ us and loves doing new things with us，22 _____ going to a new museum or going out onto the beach in the middle of the winter and taking pictures at the beach in the snow. My dad knows 23 _____ to fix anything and loves to play musical instruments. He helps me with my science projects and other school projects. He works hard to make money for our family and hardly ever complains. He loves skating with me and 24______ (build) us a half pipe and other cool things. So I have to say that 25 _______ gift I’m most grateful for is the one the God gave me—my parents. （3）(Topic: ) Sometimes Chinese English teachers are puzzled by such questions，“Have you got any skills in reading comprehension?” Actually，many of the teachers can’t give students 16 ___ efficient way to deal with reading. Anyway，17 _____ often simply say，“Read more and practise more，and you 18 ______ (get) more experience in reading comprehension.” Frankly, these teachers’ good 19_________ (suggest) are only helpful to arouse students’ interest in reading 20 ____ not helpful to deal wit h the questions in the examinations of reading comprehension. Personally，I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based 21 ______ the knowledge of English writing. Since the English passages are written under some rules or principles，the science of reading 22 ______understanding may have a close relationship with writing.