交际英语：
一．
1.--Sam, this is my friend, Jane.
--_____________.
A. I'm Jack
B. Glad to meet you, Sam
C. Glad to meet you, Jane
D. Very well, thank you
2.--What do you do?
-- ________________.
A. I'm a teacher
B. I live in a small town
C. I come from a small town
D. I like teaching
3. --Could I talk to Prof. Lee?
-- _________________.
A. Yes, speaking
B. Oh, it's you
C. I'm waiting for you
D. I am the operator here
4.--May I use your bike to go shopping?
-- ________________ .
A. Yes, I give it to you
B. Certainly. There it is
C. Yes, I'd love to
D. I'm not sure
5.--Can you tell me where I can park the car?
-- _____________________ .
A. Yes, please
B. It is made in America
C. Well, just over there
D. The park is not very far
6.--What kind of job are you applying for?
--__________________ .
A. I haven't filled in the form
B. If possible, I'd like to be an accountant
C. I lost my job last month
D. I am the director
7.--When is your birthday?
-- _________________ .
A. I was born in a small village
B. I don't know how to celebrate it
C. It's on the 18th of March
D. It's not easy to remember
8.--You needn't do the work till after the New Year.
-- _______________________ .
A. No, you needn't
B. Oh, good! Thank you
C. Happy New Year to you
D. I like the work
9.--How was the journey to London?
--_____________ .
A. It went very well
B. It was a nine-hour plane journey
C. I flew there
D. I was very well
10.--Who's the tall man behind the door?
-- __________________ .
A. That's Jane Tailor, someone I met in John's party last week
B. We haven't written to him since we met last him
C. We've lost contact with him for a long time
D. Don't you remember? That's David Smith. We met him at the airport
答案：1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D
二．
1.--Are you on holiday here?
-- _________________.
A. We are on holiday here, too
B. We live here, too
C. No, we aren't. We live here
D. Yes, we live here
2.--Whose car is this?
-- ________________ .
A. It's a Japanese car B: It's my uncle's
C. It's my uncle
D. It's my uncle who made it
3.--How are you this morning?
-- ________________ .
A. It's still good
B. It's too early
C. Very well, thank you
D. It's lovely morning
4.--What does this word mean, Joe?
-- _______________ .
A. This word means Joe
B. Joe is a boy's name
C. Of course, I'm Joe
D. Sorry, I don't know, either
5.--You may have seen this film.
-- ________________ .
A. It is said to cost much
B. It will be shown the next week
C. Actually, I haven't
D. You may too
6.--What's the fare to the museum?
-- ________________ .
A. Five hours
B. Five o'clock
C. Five miles
D. Five dollars
7.--Is it going to be warm next week?
--______________ .
A. Yes, it is
B. I don't believe it
C. No, it hasn't
D. It changes all the time
8.--Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table?
-- __________________ .
A. Good news for you
B. Go ahead, please
C. Yes, sure
D. No, I can't
9.--Excuse me, where's the Capital Theatre?
-- _____________________ .
A. There's a statute near it
B. It's only two blocks away from here
C. I've got two theatre tickets for tonight
D. Turn right and then you'll find the cinema
10.--I'm looking for a place to stay. Could you recommend a good hotel?
-- ___________________ .
A. It's off Oak Street, near the park
B. It's difficult to stay at a good hotel
C. It's very expensive. You have no idea about it
D. Let me see. Oak Hotel is pretty good, though it may be a little expensive
答案：1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．D
三．
1. --Here you are, Sir.
-- ________________ .
A. Yes, I'm here
B. Yes, here we are
C. All right
D. Thank you very much
2.--So sorry to trouble you.
-- _______________ .
A. It's a pleasure
B. It's your fault
C. I don't think so
D. I'm sorry, too
3.--Would you like a tea?
-- ________________ .
A. Yes ,please
B. I like green tea
C. Yes ,I prefer coffee
D. No, I don't mind
4.--What do you think of his suggestion?
-- ____________________ .
A. No, I don't believe it
B. It's hard to say, actually
C. Sorry , I can't remember her
D. I never think of him
5.--What does your English teacher look like?
-- ________________ .
A. She likes singing
B. She looks sad
C. She likes to stay with us
D. She looks much like her mother
6.--What time is the next flight to Washington?
--________________ .
A. It's a smaller one
B. It's too late
C. It's 1.45 pm
D. It sounds good
7.--How long will you be away from Italy?
-- ____________________.
A. Yes, I'll be in Italy
B. About a month
C. Yes, it's a long way to Italy
D. Since last month
8.--Thank you for your invitation and the nice coffee.
-- _________________ .
A. It's no trouble at all
B. It was something small
C. But the coffee was not very good
D. My pleasure. I hope you'll come again
9.--Could you show me how to get to the railway station?
-- __________________ .
A. My train has already left
B. Come with me. I'll show you the way
C. You're late for it
D. 20 dollars for a ticket
10. --I heard you just came back from your vacation. How was your trip?
-- _________________ .
A. Not too good. The restaurants were overpriced
B. We went to many attractions in Paris
C. The people there are very friendly
D. It's in the southern part of the country
答案：1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 四
1.--What's the weather like in this area?
--________________.
A. Very well
B. It's rainy
C. Yes, it's fine
D. That's all right
2.--How are you feeling now?
-- _________________ .
A. Much better
B. It's OK
C. Thank you
D. He's all right
3. --I really enjoy pop music. What's your favorite?
--__________________ .
A. No, not at all
B. Neither do I
C. So did I ??
D. Well, actually I like classical music
4.--What are you majoring in?
--_______________.
A. Medicine
B. At a college
C. In a university
D. It's hard to say
5.--What time does the train leave?
--_________________ .
A. On Tuesday
B. In the morning
C. At half past five
D. At night
6.--Have you ever been to Tokyo?
--________________ .
A. No, I didn't go there last year
B. No, but I hope to go there next year
C. Tokyo is a busy city
D. Yes, I'll do it next time
7.-- Come to our house for a party, please.
--________________ .
A. Here's my address
B. I'm not busy
C. Oh, thank you for your kindness
D. See you at four tomorrow
8. --Which of your nieces looks like the girl in the photo?
--________________ .
A. She is very slim
B. The older one does
C. This is my niece's photo
D. The photo looks old
9.--Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest bus stop?
-- _____________________.
A. It's not sure
B. Of course not
C, It's on the right comer just ahead D. That's all right
10.--Northwestern Airlines. May I help you?
--___________________.
A. Yes, I'd like some information about morning flights from Beijing to Detroit
B. Yes, I'd like to have two pints of beer, please
C. Well, there's flight at 11.00 am. It's a nonstop flight
D. Well, all the seats have been reserved
答案：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A
阅读理解
Passage 1
John Parker is an English language teacher. He was always good at languages at school, so he decided to take his degrees in French and German. When he finished his university studies, he began teaching in a secondary school in England. Two years later, however, he met someone by chance who offered him a job teaching English to foreign students during summer holidays. His students were adults and he enjoyed the work enormously. He soon found he was more interested in teaching his own language to foreigners than in teaching foreign languages to English schoolboys.
Since then he has specialized in this work. He has found that one of the advantages of the job is that it enables him to find work almost everywhere in the world. First he went to Africa for two years and then he spent a year in Asia. After this he went to Italy where he has worked for the last two years. He hasn't been to Arabia yet, but he intends to go there next. He has taught men and women of all ages and of various nationalities. He has also learned to get on with all kinds of people and to get used to different ways of life. He likes this way of life and has never regretted his decision to follow this career.
1. From the passage, we know for sure that John Parker______________ .
A. worked very hard at French and German at school
B. was more interested in traveling around than teaching
C. was good at teaching schoolboys English
D. only worked in a secondary school for two years
2. John Parker enjoyed teaching adult students because______________ .
A. all his students .were foreigners
B. he was able to talk to his foreign students in French and German
C. he was more interested in teaching English than other languages
D. he could be offered a job during summer holidays
3. In the first paragraph, the sentence "... he met someone by chance..." means____________ .
A. he met someone accidentally
B. by a chance, he met someone
C. there was a chance for him to meet someone
D. suddenly he saw someone
4. The first sentence in the second paragraph "Since then he has specialized in this work." means that John Parker has____________ .
A. become an expert in teaching English to foreigners
B. taken teaching English to foreigners as his only occupation
C. considered teaching English as very special
D. become a special English teacher in his work
5. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. John's work enables him to stay for a while in many places in the world.
B. John has learnt to get used to various ways of life.
C. John would never feel sorry if he kept his job as a secondary school teacher.
D. John Parker gets on well with men and women of all ages and of various nationalities.
Passage 2
Blocks of "high-rise" flats have been built in large numbers in London and in many other big cities. Just after the Second World War these big, twenty-to-thirty storey buildings, hundreds of feet in height, were thought to be the ideal solution to the housing problem. For on the one hand, there was severe housing shortage, but on the other hand, there was lack of space to build houses in urban areas. Blocks of "high-rise" flats seemed, at first, to be able to solve the problem, since they can offer space for more families to live in on less land. The beautiful, modern apartments in the high-rises were much sought after by people who lived down-town. Hundreds of the vast blocks had been built before anyone began to doubt about whether they were good solutions or not. Are they suitable places for people, children especially, to live in? A well-known British architect, who personally designed many of these buildings, now believes that the high-rises may well make those people who have been housed in them suffer a great deal. Evidence has been collected by social workers, which suggests that people do suffer. They complain about severe loneliness and deep depression living within these great towers. People also talk about lack of communication with others, no easy access to a playground for children, no chances for adults to get familiarized with each other. Many people say that they have lived next door to each other for years in the same building, but they never know who their neighbors are. Some experts say that a large number of people living in the high-rises suffer from mental disorder and have even developed criminal tendencies. As a result of these new discoveries, plans for new high-rise blocks are being reconsidered. We are now building up many high-rises in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Perhaps we should also reconsider the idea too.
6. There was a big housing problem after the Second World War______________ .
A. in London
B. in the rural areas
C. in many big cities
D. in many countries
7. Blocks of "high-rise" flats were thought to be the ideal solution to the housing problem, because_____________.
A. there was severe house shortage in big cities
B. there was less and less land to build houses in big cities
C. they were modem and beautiful and much sought after by city people
D. they were built on less land and were able to house a lot more people
8. The sentence "Hundreds of the vast blocks had been built before anyone began to doubt about whether they were good solutions or not." Means_____________ .
A. it was not until hundreds of the vast blocks had been built, people began to doubt about whether they were good solutions or not
B. hundreds of the vast blocks had not been built until anyone began to doubt about whether they were good solutions or not
C. people began to doubt about whether they were good solutions or not before hundreds of the vast blocks had been built
D. before hundreds of the vast blocks had been built, some people began to doubt about whether they were good solutions or not
9. The author takes a well-known British architect as an example to show Us that ______________ .
A. he is very proud of his designing of many of the high-rises
B. even a well-known designer of the high-rises believes they are no good for people
C. even a well-known designer of the high-rises suffers personally
D. high-rises are well-designed, modern buildings which meet people's needs
10. What is the greatest danger for people living in a high-rise according to some experts?
A. Lack of communication with others.
B. No easy access to a playground for children.
C. Developing criminal tendencies.
D. Not knowing the neighbors.
Passage 3
Today, computers are a huge and fast-moving field of technology. Smaller, more powerful and user-friendly equipment is developed almost daily.
Charles Babbage, a British inventor, is sometimes called the father of the computer. In 1823, he started to build a machine that could do sums and print out the results. The machine was far ahead of its time. Sadly, it was so complicated that he never finished making it. Over a century later, people were still trying to build efficient counting machines. They were so big that they filled entire rooms and weighed many tons. But these huge counting machines were not really computers - they did not have memories.
Modern computers use complicated data memory systems to handle information, either as computer memory or data on stored disks and CDs. The data can be words, numbers, pictures or a mixture of all three. Modern computer memories can store more data than a roomful of filing boxes. They use tiny electric currents, and have thousands of circuits inside them, put tightly into tiny "chips".
Before it can be read by the computer, the data has to be turned into an electronic code of very small on-off pulses or signals. These signals are made and translated by small switches within the "chips".
Internet pioneer Dr. Vinton Cerf is called Father of the Internet. He loves to answer people's questions about the Internet whenever he meets them. Twenty years ago Cerf and Robert Kahn developed the structure for the Internet. Their work brought about the rapid growth of the Internet. In 1983 there were about 50,000 users and the number has grown to more than 360 million today. When he was asked if he ever expected the Internet to become so popular, Dr. Cerf said the number was a surprise.
He pointed out one of the key issues facing the net today as privacy and said we could not avoid having e-mails seen or monitored by others. "It happened with the telephone system and it will certainly happen with e-mail. There are tools to fight against it, but the problem is that right now it's not easy enough to use them". He also pointed out that the junk emails and the
unwelcome materials such as porn on the Internet was a worry, but it was difficult to stop.
He said, "There's no way to stop it technically -- but the Internet is a mirror of mankind. If we don't like what we see in the mirror, then touching up the mirror is not the answer."
11. According to the passage, as early as_____________ , people started trying to build a computer.
A. twenty years ago
B. almost two hundred years ago
C. for over a century
D. 360 million days ago
12. According to the passage, the computers we use today are different from those old huge counting machines mainly in that_______________.
A. they are very small
B. they can handle information
C. they use tiny electric currents
D. they have memories
13. What makes it possible for a computer to read the data?.
A. The data has to be turned into an electronic code of small on-off signals.
B. The data has to be translated into English by a translator.
C. The data must be turned into words, numbers, and pictures.
D. The data must be put into tiny "chips".
14. Dr. Vinton Cerf _______________ .
A. pushes forward the rapid growth of the Internet by asking people's questions about it
B. believes that there are tools to fight against privacy
C. thinks that e-mail will certainly be as popular as telephones
D. never expected the Internet could be so popular
15. Dr. Vinton Cerf compared the Internet to a mirror. When he said, "If we don't like what we see in the mirror, then touching up the mirror is not the answer," he probably meant that____________ .
A. techniques will help human beings work better with the Internet
B. we will never be able to deal with the problem
C. what we should do is to change people's behaviour
D. what we should do is to change the whole system of the Internet
答案：
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C
Passage 4
I never used to go anywhere without the car. I regarded it as an essential part of myself. But when the price of gas doubled in this year, I decided not to use the car except when absolutely necessary.
For example, I always used to take the car when I went to fetch the papers on Sunday mornings, although our newsagent's is only 10 minutes' walk away. Now I go on foot.
I tell myself that I'm not only saving the gas but keeping fit at the same time. It's all a question of habit really. I'm sure you can get used to anything if you try and already feel that I rely on the car less than I used to.
Besides, now that we live in the suburbs, I can walk down the road and catch a bus to the office or to any part of the town. We used to live in the country about 15 miles from town and then I would frequently drive to and fro twice in one day. That meant I would use 15 gallons of oil or more in a week. Now I only need half that amount.
The trouble is that I am also getting used to the gas prices. They don't seem so very high to me any more.
Perhaps it is easier to get used to expensive gas than it is to doing without the car.
16. When the prices of gas doubled in this year, the author decided______________ .
A. to go everywhere without a car
B. only to take the car to fetch the papers
C. to use the car when he had to
D. to go on foot everywhere
17. In the sentence "It's all a question of habit really", the pronoun "It" refers to______________.
A. saving the gas
B. keeping fit
C. not only saving the gas but keeping fit at the same time
D. not relying too much on the car
18. To go to the newsagent's to get his newspaper, the author_______________ .
A. used to walk for 10 minutes
B. used to drive his car
C. walked down the road to the office
D. walked for 10 minutes to keep fit
19. We know from the passage that the author______
A. is getting used to living in the country about 15 miles from town
B. used to go to and come back from town twice a day by car
C. usually buys 15 gallons of oil or more in a week
D. used to spend half of the amount of money on gas
20. The last sentence of the passage suggests that______________ .
A. the author still can not get used to doing without the car
B. the author feels that the high price of gas is a great problem
C. it is easy to use gas at high prices
D. the price of gas is not high any more
Passage 5
Dear editor,
Teachers in some secondary schools in Britain are worried that their job may become impossible shortly unless something can be done to restore discipline in the classrooms. In the problem schools, mostly in large cities, a small minority of teenage pupils disturb lesson to such an extent that the teacher can no longer teach their classes effectively.
Some people consider that the permissive nature of modern society is responsible for such kind of behavior. Small children who are continuously encouraged to express themselves without reservation are naturally unwilling to accept school di??ipline when they grow older. Furthermore, modern teaching techniques, which appear to stress personal enjoyment at the expense of serious study work, might be teaching the child to put his own interests before his duties to the community in which he lives.
Perhaps the problem can be solved by improving facilities for the moral guidance of these difficult children or by better cooperation between the schools and the parents -- for the parents may be mainly responsible for the bad behavior of their youngsters. Violence at home, violence and crime on TV make some children turn to violence themselves.
But some of the teachers believe that there ought to be a return to more "old fashioned" methods. At present,in some schools teachers are even not allowed to punish a child who does something bad and wrong. Last week something awful happened at the new district school and it was immediately published in the evening newspaper. A boy attacked his Math teacher with a fruit knife. He ought to be given a good beating. But physical punishment is not permitted now. People are too soft on children these days. It seems that the children can do whatever they like at school while the teachers can't do anything to punish them. I don't know why the school authority abandoned some of the effective punishments that worked well. Things like that didn't happen when we were at school because the teachers kept those problem students under control by using a stick.
21. Teachers in some secondary schools in Britain are worried, for______________ .
A. they might soon lose their jobs
B. they cannot teach very well
C. there are too many problem schools
D. there is no discipline in the classroom
22. According to the letter writer, modern teaching techniques___________ .
A. encourage pupils to play a lot instead of learning
B. help pupils spend much time on serious learning
C. do not give pupils any moral lessons
D. teach a child to put his own interests before his duties
23. The letter writer believes that___________are responsible for problem children's bad behavior.
A. parents
B. modern teaching methods
C. modern society
D. all of the above
24. The letter writer seems to believe very strongly in___________ to restore discipline at school.
A. abandoning more "old fashioned" methods
B. improving facilities for the moral guidance
C. physical punishment
D. cooperation between the schools and the parents
25. The best title for this passage might be________________ .
A. Our Schools Today
B. Restore Order to School
C. Who is Responsible for?
D. Dealing with Problem Children at School
答案：
16．C 17．D 18．B 19．B 20．A 21．D 22．A 23．D 124．C 25．B 词汇练习
一
1. On his first sea___________, he was still quite young but showed great courage to face the storms.
A. trip
B. travel
C. tour
D. voyage
2. Ancient Greece is the_____________ of western civilization.
A. origin
B. source
C. place
D. sources
3. His attitude toward us seems_______________.
A. nicely
B. warmly
C. kindly
D. friendly
4. Let me______________ the case carefully before I draw a conclusion.
A. look up
B. look into
C. look after
D. look out
5. I know this is the secret between you and me, and I promise never to___________it to anyone else.
A. mention
B. talk
C. speech
D. announce
6. In addition to rice, we need to_____________our diet with fish, meat and vegetable.
A. supplement
B. replace
C. add
D. eat
7. ______________, we keep records on all the experiments so that we may have enough data.
A. As a whole
B. As a rule
C. On the average
D. By all means
8. No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting. It is at least five years since it___________.
A. had taken place
B. was taken place
C. took place
D. was taking place
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. A
6.A
7. B
8. C
二
1. Do you know who are _____________ the survey?
A. discussing
B. taking
C. giving
D. conducting
2. What______________ of blood does Tom have?
A. kind
B. type
C. sort
D. category
3. That's the______________ gentleman I've been telling you about.
A. rather
B. quite
C. very
D. fairly
4. I'd like to know what you___________ the plants I gave you.
A. made for
B. dealt with
C. live on
D. did with
5. He speaks so quickly that I didn't _____what he said.
A. receive
B. listen
C. take
D. catch
6. He__________ the children so badly that they were terrified of him.
A. behaved
B. treated
C. dealt
D. acted
7. After stopping for a few minutes, the bus moved____________ to its next stop.
A. forward
B. off
C. with
D. on
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. D
三
1. I don't think this kind of medicine has any_____________.
A. answer
B. cause
C. effect
D. work
2. If you want to learn something, you had better pay___________in class.
A. care
B. respect
C. attention
D. notion
3. The refrigerator is__________, we must buy some food.
A. bare
B. blank
C. hollow
D. empty
4. The teacher spoke so fast that it was hard for the students to___________ what he was saying.
A. take in
B. take out
C. take up
D. take over
5. She____________ her success to hard work and strong will.
A. owns
B. gives
C. owes
D. regards
6. It____________ that I met one of my old classmates on my way home yesterday.
A. took place
B. occurred
C. broke out
D. happened
7. ________________ all we should put the theory into practice.
A. Beside
B. To
C. Above
D. Of
8. Once he starts a job, he won't stop_____________ it is finished.
A. till
B. after
C. before
D. until
1. C
2. C 2
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. D
四
1. One day while Mr. King was working, he had a/an____________ and his left leg was badly injured.
A. business
B. accident
C. matter
D. event
2. I prefer to live in the countryside. Country life has a lot of____________ over city life.
A. character
B. qualities
C. advantages
D. ways
3. He is a kind-hearted and____________ gentleman.
A. respective
B. respectable
C. respected
D. respectful
4. When a fire___________ at the National Exhibition, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.
A. broke off
B. broke out
C. broke down
D. broke up
5. It was well known that Thomas Edison_____________ the electric lamp.
A. invented
B. discovered
C. found
D. developed
6. He_____________ himself quickly to the new condition of his work.
A. changed
B. altered
C. adjusted
D. varied
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
五
1. The patient acted on the doctor's_____________and finally recovered.
A. advices
B. advice
C. advise
D. advises
2. I saw she was in a difficulty with all those parcels, so I offered my_____________.
A. services
B. money
C. use
D. chance
3. We are__________in the future of our motherland.
A. aware
B. confident
C. sure
D. certain
4. Let's not wait any longer, he might not______________ at all.
A. turn over
B. turn up
C. turn on
D. turn down
5. Mr. Smith___________ a most important part in the development of our city.
A. took
B. had
C. played
D. made
6. It is hoped that the weather will_____________ warm for three more days.
A. last
B. go on
C. keep on
D. stay
7. If you want to visit someone in England, you'd better make arrangement___________.
A. in time
B. in turn
C. in advance
D. in detail
8. Please leave the key under the door____________ you go out.
A. in case
B. in the case
C. in case of
D. in the case of
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6.D
7. C
8. A
语法练习
一
1. He, as well as I, ___________ a student.
A. be
B. am
C. are
D. is
2. Last month, he paid a visit to the village_____________he had once worked for five years.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. in that
3. Frank plays ___________Alex.
A. a lot more better than
B. much more better than
C. a lot better than
D. much more well than
He is faster than me
4. He seldom does his homework at school on weekdays, ___________ he?
A. doesn't
B. isn't
C. does
D. is
5. The farmer caught the boys________________ his apples.
A. stealing
B. stole
C. to steal
D. would steal
The farmer caught the boy who stole the apples
6. These plants are rather difficult ________________ .
A. to look after
B. to be looked after
C. being looked after
D. looking after
有些形容词后面用主动的形式表达被动的概念
Easy/hard/difficult
The work is hard to do.不要说the work is hard to be done.
7. We advised him to give up smoking, ___________ a lot of exercise.
A. to do
B. and to do
C. and do
D. and doing
And/or前后要用同样的结构，这就是所谓的平行结构
I prefer swimming to ____.
A. run
B running
He goes to school
He to school
主语是个句子，后面的谓语用单数
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. C
So..that=such…that如此…以致…
区别：so后面的中心词要是形容词或副词；such后面的中心词要是名词
He runs so fast that he falls down.
They are such beautiful flowers.
So+形容词+a+名词=such+a+形容词+名词
另外，much或者many前一律用so
I have so much money
There are so many people
She is so pretty a girl
She is such a pretty girl
二
1. How the fire in the dance hall started_____________ a mystery.
A. to remain
B. remains
C. remain
D. is remaining
2. History is the story of__________ happened to the people before today.
A. whichever
B. whomever
C. whatever
D. wherever
3. It is _______________ that he has to ask for help.
A. so a big job
B. a so big job
C. a such big job
D. such a big job
4. If there were life on Mars, such life forms ___________ unable to survive on earth.
A. is
B. are
C. would be
D. will be
5. Do you feel like____________today?
A. having something eaten
B. having something to eat
C. to have something eaten
D. to have something to eat
6. The picture is pleasant_____________.
A. to look at
B. to look
C. to be looked at
D. looking at
7. Don't worry, your watch___________and you can have it in no time.
A. is repaired
B. has been repaired
C. was repaired
D. is being repaired
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. D
三
1. In this factory each worker must receive a____________ training course.
A. two-month
B. two months
C. two-months
D. two-months'
数字-名词单数：表示一个形容词
A 2-meter man
A 18-year girl
2. A lecture hall is______________ where students attend lectures.
A. there
B. which
C. one
D. that
因为后面定语从句已经有了引导词where了，所以这里缺少的不是引导词而是前面那个名词，所以只有one可以
3. One of the benefits of the new model is that it is easier________________ than the old one.
A. operating
B. to be operated
C. to operate
D. operated
4. Dr. Hoffman proposed that we__________the meeting until next week.
A. put off
B. to put off
C. putting off
D. need put off
5. We consider________________the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.
A. that it necessary
B. it necessary that
C. necessary that
D. necessary of it that
动词+it+形容词+that/to do:
6. Three people,_____________ , were injured in the accident.
A. included a child
B. include a child
C. including a child
D. includes a child
Three people included a child and they were injured
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
四
1. Not until most of the people had left the airport____________ his sister was there.
A. that he saw
B. had he seen
C. did he see
D. that he had seen
2. The population of the earth___________ increasing fast. One third of the population here_________ workers.
A. is; are
B. is; has been
C. are; is
D. is; was
如果人口被当作整体来看就用单数
如果指具体的人口咂们就复数
3. This is the problem_____________ we have no good solution as yet.
A. to that
B. which
C. for which
D. to which
定语从句中that前不能有介词
We have no solution to the problem
4. They are____________ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.
A. so diligent
B. such diligent
C. so much diligent
D. such very diligent
5. I don't think he will be back in an hour, _______________?
A. do I
B. won't he
C. don't I
D. will he
特殊的翻译疑问句
如果前面的动词是think/believe
则翻译疑问句要根据think/believe后面的从句中的动词搭配
I think you are 50, ___aren’t_ you?
I don’t think you are 50, are you?
6. Once you're into basketball, you'll find________________ great fun to play as a way to relax.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. what
7. The work____________ by the time you get there.
A. will have been done
B. was done
C. had been done
D. has done
8. Not always____________ they want (to).
A. people can do what
B. can people do what
C. people cannot do what
D. can't people do what
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. A 7 A 8. B
五
1. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, _____________ going to the party this weekend.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. will
2. The sun heats the earth, __________ is very important to living things.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
3. The definition leaves____________ for disagreement.
A. a small room
B. much room
C. great deal room
D. not so big a room
Room不可数：空间/余地
A great deal of大量的+不可数名词
4. I'd rather stay at home than_____________ a walk.
A. taking
B. to take
C. take
D. to be taking
Than前后用平行结构
5. The heavy rain stopped us______________ at the station on time.
A. to arrive
B. arrive
C. arrived
D. from arriving
Prevent/stop sb +(from) doing:禁止/阻止某人做…
6. By next year he______________ in New York for five years.
A. has worked
B. has been working
C. works
D. will have worked
7. He is over fifty, but he looks as though he_____________ only in his thirties.
A. were
B. is
C. will be
D. has been
As thought后面也用虚拟，和if后一样
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. A
完型填空
一．
Historically, the real cowboy was a simple farm worker on horseback. He spent the long days outdoors working with cattle. The work was dirty, tiring and not very well paid.
Cowboys in the American western states had to 1 cattle at low costs and send them by railway to eastern 2 . The job of a cowboy was to 3 the cattle and get them to the nearest railway. Sometimes the 4 was more than a thousand kilometers away and it could take as 5 as six months to move the cattle to where they could be sold at a good price.
Most cowboys were young, 6 men. A good horse made their job of moving cattle much easier. A good cowboy 7 cows and knew how to control them. In the late 1800s, America was changing from a nation of farms to one of 8 and cities. The cowboy seemed 9 when compared with other Americans doing an ordinary job.
Today, cowboys are better treated and also 10 to be married. Some of them work for big companies, only becoming cowboys at night and on weekends. These part-time cowboys increase the total production of meat, keeping the beef price low.
1. A. get B. buy C. sell D. raise
2. A. markets B. countries C. cities D. stories
3. A. deal with B. find out C. look after D. pay off
4. A. road B. railroad C. state D. farm
5. A. good B. much C. long D. far
6. A. unmarried B. proud C. strong D. educated
7. A. recognized B. understood C. owned D. kept
8. A. towns B. schools C. companies D. villages
9. A. free B. brave C. easy D. pleased
10. A. afraid B. eager C. worded D. likely
答案：
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．D
二．
The Red Cross is an international organization which cares for people who are in need of help. A man in a Paris hospital who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was injured 1 an earthquake, and a family in India that lost their home in a storm may all 2 by the Red Cross.
The Red Cross exists in almost every country 3 the world. Each agency in the world
4 a common goal of trying
5 people in need.
The idea of forming an organization to help the sick and 6 during a war started with Jean Henry Dunant. In 1859, he observed 7 suffering on a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people 8 of which side they were fighting for. The most important result of his work was an international treaty called the Geneva Convention. It 9 prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and other citizens during a war.
The American Red Cross was set up by Clam Barton in 1881. Today it provides a number of services for the public, such as helping people in need, teaching first aid, 10 water safety and artificial respiration, and providing blood.
1. A. when B. at C. in D. by
2. A. be aiding B. be aided C. aid D. aided
3. A. around B. on C. within D. at
4. A. belongs to B. owes C. wins D. shares
5. A. and helping B. to help C. and help D. helping
6. A. wounding B. wound C. being wounded D. wounded
7. A. how were people B. how people were C. people were how D. people how were
8. A. regardless B. regarding C. with regard D. regarded
9. A. pretends B. protests C. protects D. provides
10. A. demonstrating B. to demonstrate C. demonstration D. demonstrates
答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A
三．
In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision-making. When the children are 1 enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (宽容) of American parents. Children are often allowed to do pretty much 2 they wish without strict control by their parents. Children are encouraged to be 3 at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom 4 far. Others think that a strong parental image would not 5 American values. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to 6 their families by the time they have 7 their late teens or early twenties. This pattern of independence often raises serious 8 for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live 9 the age of 70. The job-retirement age is usually 65. The children have left home, married, and 10 their own households. Often the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic, but they feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family ties.
1. A. senior B. junior C. old D. young
2. A. when B. that C. which D. what
3. A. dependent B. independent C. sure D. secure
4. A. too B. almost C. nearly D. so
5. A. gain B. welcome C. suit D. estimate
6. A. break up B. break into C. break through D. break away from
7. A. reached B. come C. arrived D. developed
8. A. events B. problems C. matters D. affairs
9. A. on B. up C. from D. beyond
10. A set forth B. set aside C. set up D. set down 答案：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C
英译汉
1. Far more smokers than non-smokers die of lung-cancer.
2. You should have put part of your salary in the bank each month.
3. According to the forecast, this city will soon be hit by another earthquake.
4. I expect she will have changed her mind by tomorrow.
5. Health and wealth are both important to us, but the former can give us more happiness than the
the latter.
6. Tom won a scholarship, which made his headmaster very proud of him.
7. Much research has been carried out in order to establish the causes of cancer.
8. When she was eighteen, she was independent of her parents.
9. The rain was so heavy as to make our picnic impossible.
10. While Tom's family was on vacation, their mail accumulated.
11. Several passengers were still dozing when the bus pulled into the station.
12. Perhaps if you take vitamins, you will have more energy.
13. Before leaving the country you must be in possession of a valid passport.
14 If she hadn't forgotten her credit card, she could have bought that beautiful dress.
15. My brother has gone to Paris with the intention to learn French, so has his wife.
16. The problem will be discussed at length in subsequent chapters.
17. They were determined to fulfil the task at any cost.
18. It is an accepted custom for one to say "excuse me" when he sneezes.
19. Flight 220 is scheduled to arrive at 10:30 p.m.
20. Americans are eating more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in
1990.
21. No problem is more serious than environmental pollution.
22. John's score on the test is the highest in the class he must have studied hard last week.
23. Judging by her dresses, she must be a model.
24 Either fans or an air-conditioner is necessary for this laboratory.
25. Many a man thinks that life is meaningless without a purpose.
26. The street lights come on automatically in the evening just before dark.
27. Tom's bicycle is rusty because he left it in the rain.
28. It is important to scrape off all of the old paint before you repaint your furniture.
29. Bill did not hear the telephone because he was completely absorbed in his reading.
30. When it is detected in its early stages, cancer can be cured.
31. In this experiment they are wakened several times during the night and asked to report what
they have just been dreaming.
32. An investigation was made into the accident, in which fifty people were killed.
33 I do want to know what really happened.
34. It was because the driver got drunk that the accident occurred.
35. Michael Jackson is a world famous pop star, so is Richard Marx.
36. In the United States, inches and feet are still used as units of measurement.
37. Even as a child, Thomas Edison had a very curious mind; at the age of three ,he performed his
first experiment.
38. Nodding your head is equivalent to saying yes.
39. About one-fifth of all the energy used in the United States is changed into electric power.
40. One of the most useful abilities you can develop in college is to think for yourself.
41. Our products are superior to theirs in quality.
42. Mark Twain is considered one of the most humorous writers in the world.
43. Although Tom is five years younger than Peter, he is two inches taller than Peter.
44. Economics is a subject beyond the scope of a small child's mind.
45. What I saw was two men attacking the policeman.
46. The Olympic World Cup Finals will be shown on TV next Friday.
47. I wonder if you have taken everything into consideration. For instance, bad weather is a
problem for pilots.
48．Everything points to the fact/indicates that somethng has gone wrong with his project/plan.
49. It is true that success liesin diligence.
50. If/As long as you keep (on) trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or
later.
51. We anticipate encountering/that we will encounter resistance to our plan /our plan well meet
with resistance.
52. It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.
英译汉答案
1. 抽烟的人死于癌症比不抽烟的人多得多。
2. 你本应该每月把部分的工资存入银行。
3 根据预报，这座城市不久将受到另一次地震的袭击。
4. 我预料，到明天她就会改变主意了。
5. 健康和财富对我们都很重要，但是前者比后者能给我们更多的幸福。
6. 汤姆获得奖学金，这件事使他的校长为他感到自豪。
7. 为证实癌的起因，科学家们作了许多研究工作。
8. 当她十八岁时，她便离开父母独立生活了。
9. 雨太大，我们无法出去野餐了。
10. 汤姆一家外出度假时，邮件便在信箱里堆积起来。
11. 公共汽车进站时，仍有几个乘客在打瞌睡。
12 如果你吃些维生素，或许你会更有精力。
13. 出国前，你必须持有一本有效的护照。
14. 要不是忘了带信用卡，她当时就买那件漂亮衣服了。
15 我哥哥去了巴黎，想学法语。他妻子也是这样。
16. 这个问题将在后面的几章作详尽的讨论。
17. 他们决定不惜一切代价完成这项任务。
18. 打喷嚏时，公认的习俗是要说声"请原谅"。
19. 220班机定于晚10时30分抵达。
20. 现在每个美国人食用的蔬菜比1990年时要多一倍多。
21. 没有什么问题比环境污染更为严重。
课程名称：《基础摄影》 课程号: ____________ 说明： /、本导出系统可导出你题库中录入的所有本课程试题信息, 但只提供单选、多选、判断题答案,其他题型答案可在试题采集系统中查询; 2、答案选项ABCDEF不区分大小写; 3、判断题答案A为正确,B为错误; 4、答案为Re tEncryp tion （**））样式的为Re tEncryp tion 算法加密,括号中的为选项答案. 一、单项选择题（共200小题） 1、 摄影术的诞生H是1839. 8. 19 2、 银版摄影术的发明者是L.达盖尔 3、 1826年，经过八小时曝光后，得到世界上第一张照片是窗外的风景 4、 小孔成像形成的是（倒像） 5、
“如果你拍的不够好，是因为你里的不够近"是以下哪位摄影师的名 言（长帕） 6、 “f/64小组”主张采用（小光圈），精确对焦，表现对象丰富细节与质感° 7、 “希望工程''摄影纪实之一的“大眼睛''摄影作品的作者是（解海龙）8、 达盖尔摄影术是（银版法） 9、 “决定性瞬间”是（布列松）提出的。 10、 摄影的本体语言包括两个方面：记录性和（瞬间性） 11、 北宋（《梦溪笔谈》）中对小孔成像有详细的描述 A 12、 提倡对自然的直接感受，主张在自然环境中拍摄自然景物的属于 （自然摄影） 13、 中国纪实摄影起步于（20世纪80年代） 14、 快门的作用是配合光倦I、控制胶片的（曝光时间）？ 15、 正确存放照相机的方法是（放于阴凉、干燥、通凤的地方）？ 16、 防震、防晒、防热、防潮和什么是照相机维护和保养得基本要求防尘?
17、
鱼眼镜头的焦距很短，特点是视场角大于等于180度？ 18、 同一物体,镜头焦距长，被摄物体在胶片上成像会大？ 19、 什么样的镜头的焦距近似或等于胶片画幅对角线的长度标准镜头？ 20、 视场角为多少度的镜头属于标准镜头40度一60度？ 21、 视场角与镜头的焦距成什么关系反比？ 22、 常用照相机的光圈系数排列顺序为f/2 f/2. 8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11? 23、 控制镜头透光多少是什么在起主要作用光圈？ 24、 在同等条件下，F/5. 6的景深比F/11的景深小？ 25、 相邻两级光圈系数，后一级的通光量是前一级的关系1/2? 26、 选择带有B门长时间曝光装置进行长时间曝光时，需按动几次快门一次？ 27、一般情况，彩色负片曝光应?彩色反转片曝光应？宁多勿少宁少勿多 28、 摄影中指光线的颜色，我们称为？色温
《创新思维训练》判断题 1．包容性思维认为任何观点都有合理的一面，在某种限定条件下可以成立。（√） 2．包容性思维认为由于立场、观点、价值观的不同会存在不同甚至对立的观点。（√） 3．包容性思维要求人放弃自己原有的立场。（×） 4．包容性思维主张把不同的观点放在一个三维立体空间里思考。（√） 5．比喻就是在两个不同事物之间进行强制联想以发现它们的相似性。（√） 6．创新让生活变得更有趣味。（√） 7．创新思维有时需要容忍一定程度上的模糊和模棱两可。（√） 8．创新思维只是少数尖端人才有需要，对大多数普通人来说并不需要。（×） 9．创造力的高低取决于知识的多寡。（×） 10．创造性与天赋没有关系。（×） 11．垂直思维比水平思维更有利于创新。（×） 12．单位里层级太多条块分割不利于激发员工的创造力。（√） 13．发明创造既可以“做加法”也可以“做减法”，例如从某件产品中去掉一部分也可能成为一个新产品。（√） 14．凡事一定要按照程序去做。（×） 15．仿生学原理利用的就是移植与借鉴思维。（√） 16．复杂的问题需要复杂的方法才能解决。（×） 17．过于循规蹈矩不利于创新。（√） 18．“互联网+”这一概念的提出，就是希望通过将各行各业与互联网进行强制联想，以激发创新创业。（√） 19．简化思维不等于简单思维。（√） 20．联系线一般表示隶属关系和层级关系。（×） 21．联想思维是很重要的创新思维方法之一。（√） 22．每个人都有最适合自己的创新情境。（√） 23．内行的创造力一定强于外行。（×） 24．批判性思维包含质疑、求证和判断三个环节。（√） 25．批判性思维其实就是逻辑思维。（×） 26．批判性思维有利于澄清事实、辨别真伪，作出正确的决策和判断。（√） 27．平行思维的典型方法是六顶思考帽。（√） 28．恰当的教育与引导有利于激发创造力。（√） 29．强制联想只能在两个事物之间进行，不能同时在三个事物之间进行。（×）
共三套 《酶工程》试题一： 一、是非题（每题1分，共10分） 1、酶是具有生物催化特性的特殊蛋白质。（） 2、酶的分类与命名的基础是酶的专一性。（） 3、酶活力是指在一定条件下酶所催化的反应速度，反应速度越大，意味着酶活力越高。（） 4、液体深层发酵是目前酶发酵生产的主要方式。（） 5、培养基中的碳源，其唯一作用是能够向细胞提供碳素化合物的营养物质。（） 6、膜分离过程中，膜的作用是选择性地让小于其孔径的物质颗粒成分或分子通过，而把大于其孔径的颗粒截留。（） 7、在酶与底物、酶与竞争性抑制剂、酶与辅酶之间都是互配的分子对，在酶的亲和层析分离中，可把分子对中的任何一方作为固定相。（） 8、角叉菜胶也是一种凝胶，在酶工程中常用于凝胶层析分离纯化酶。（） 9、α－淀粉酶在一定条件下可使淀粉液化，但不称为糊精化酶。（） 10、酶法产生饴糖使用α－淀粉酶和葡萄糖异构酶协同作用。（） 二、填空题（每空1分，共28分） 1、日本称为“酵素”的东西，中文称为__________,英文则为__________,是库尼（Kuhne）于1878年首先使用的。其实它存在于生物体的__________与__________。 2、1926年，萨姆纳（Sumner）首先制得__________酶结晶，并指出__________是蛋白质。他因这一杰出贡献，获1947年度诺贝尔化学奖。
3、目前我国广泛使用的高产糖比酶优良菌株菌号为__________,高产液化酶优良菌株菌号为___________。在微生物分类上，前者属于__________菌，后者属于__________菌。 4、1960年，查柯柏（Jacob）和莫洛德（Monod）提出了操纵子学说，认为DNA分子中，与酶生物合成有关的基因有四种，即操纵基因、调节基因、__________基因和__________基因。 5、1961年，国际酶委会规定的酶活力单位为：在特定的条件下（25oC，PH及底物浓度为最适宜）__________,催化__________的底物转化为产物的__________为一个国际单位，即1IU。 6、酶分子修饰的主要目的是改进酶的性能，即提高酶的__________、减少__________，增加__________。 7、酶的生产方法有___________，___________和____________。 8、借助__________使__________发生交联作用，制成网状结构的固定化酶的方法称为交联法。 9、酶的分离纯化方法中，根据目的酶与杂质分子大小差别有__________法，__________法和__________法三种。 10、由于各种分子形成结晶条件的不同，也由于变性的蛋白质和酶不能形成结晶，因此酶结晶既是__________，也是__________。 三、名词术语的解释与区别（每组6分，共30分） 1、酶生物合成中的转录与翻译 2、诱导与阻遏 3、酶回收率与酶纯化比（纯度提高比） 4、酶的变性与酶的失活
湖北省麻城市集美学校初中体育《坐位体前屈练习方法》教案 坐位体前屈的动作方法：慢慢练平坐在地上，伸直双腿，脚板崩直，然后，弯曲腰部，双手放在头的两侧，尽力向前伸慢慢用力，不要晃。 一、立位练习法： 1、双脚开立体前屈练习法 动作方法：双脚开立同肩宽，膝关节伸直，腰部、背部放松，双手自然下垂，加振动做体 前屈练习。 2、单脚支撑练习法 动作方法：(有左脚为例)左脚向左前方迈一小步，脚跟着地成支撑，脚尖勾回，膝关节伸直，身体中心落在右腿上，右腿膝关节弯曲；左手压在左脚膝关节上，加振动用右手摸(抓) 左脚脚尖； 3、双脚并拢体前屈练习法 动作方法：双脚并拢，膝关节伸直，腰部、背部放松，双手自然下垂，加振动做体前屈练习。 二、坐位练习法： 1、单脚练习法 动作方法：(有左脚为例)左脚膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用右手抓左脚脚尖或前脚掌； 2、双脚分开练习法 动作方法：双脚分开同肩宽，膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用双手去抓双脚脚 尖或者双脚前脚掌； 3、双脚并拢练习法 动作方法：双脚并拢，膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用双手去抓双脚脚尖或者双脚前脚掌； 三、利用台阶练习法 动作方法：学生站在上一级台阶上，成立位体前屈姿势，加振动，用手指指尖或手掌去触 摸下一级台阶的台面。 根据学生的实际情况可以有针对性的进行训练，手段如下： ⑴坐压腿：双腿分开坐在地面上，一条腿屈膝，脚跟接触伸展腿的内侧。呼气，上体前倾 贴近伸展腿大腿的上部。伸展腿膝部保持伸直，动作幅度尽量大。 (2)压腿：在高台前站立，一条腿伸直放在台上，另一条腿支撑地面。呼气，双腿膝关节伸 直，髋关节正对台子。上体前倾，贴近台上大腿上部，双手扶踝关节前部。伸展腿膝部和背部保持伸直。动作幅度尽量大。此文转自斐?斐课件?园https://www.doczj.com/doc/1f7122629.html, (3)站立拉伸：背贴墙站立，呼气，直膝抬起一条腿。同伴用双手抓住踝关节上部，帮助腿 上举。同伴帮助上举腿时练习者呼气，动作幅度尽量大。 2?拉伸大腿内侧 (1)直膝分腿坐压腿：双腿尽量左右分开，坐在地面上，双手体前扶地。呼气，转体，上体前倾贴在一条腿上，双手扶在身体前倾一侧腿的踝关节前部。充分伸展双腿和腰部。 ⑵弓箭步拉伸：弓箭步站立，双脚间距离约60厘米，后脚左转90度，双手叉腰。呼气，前脚继续前移，髋部下压后面腿，换腿重复练习。动作幅度尽量大。 3?腰腹部 (1)跪立背弓：在垫上跪立，脚尖向后。双手扶在背上部，上体后仰，背部肌肉收缩送髋。 呼气，加大动作幅度，逐渐把双手滑向脚跟。动作幅度尽量大。拉伸25秒，3至5组。 (2)体前屈蹲起：双脚并拢俯身下蹲，逐渐下降双手放在脚两侧，手指向前。躯干贴在大腿上部。伸膝至最大限度。动作幅度尽量大，手不能离地。 ⑶跨栏坐：双腿尽量左右分开，坐在地面上，成跨栏坐姿势，呼气，转体，上体前倾贴在一条腿上，
金工实习考试学生系统 一、车工(共22道题) 二、1. 车床变速箱内主轴变速由（A ）实现。 三、 A 齿轮 四、 B 链轮 五、 C 皮带轮 六、 D 凸轮 七、2. 车刀刃倾角的主要作用是控制切屑流向，并影响刀头强度。(A) 八、 A 对 九、 B 错 十、3. 对方形工件进行车削加工时，正确的装夹方法是采用(D) 十一、 A 三爪卡盘 十二、 B 花盘 十三、 C 两顶尖 十四、 D 四爪卡盘 十五、4. 切削加工时，主运动通常只能有一个。(A) 十六、 A 对 十七、 B 错 十八、5. 若零件的锥面斜角为A，则用小刀架转位法车锥面时，小刀架应转动：(B) 十九、 A 2A 二十、 B 0.5A 二十一、 C A 二十二、6. 试切法就是通过试切——测量——调整——再试切反复进行，使工件尺寸达到要求的加工方法。(A) 二十三、 A 对 二十四、 B 错 二十五、7. 下列哪一项不是小刀架转位法车锥面的特点( A) 二十六、 A 能采用自动进给 二十七、 B 可车内外锥面 二十八、 C 可车任意锥度的锥面 二十九、8. 主运动是各类机床切削加工时速度最高，功率消耗最大的那个运动。下列表述不正确的选项是：(D) 三十、 A 车削加工的主运动是工件的旋转运动 三十一、 B 铣削加工的主运动是刀具的旋转运动 三十二、 C 刨削加工的主运动是刀具的往复运动 三十三、 D 数控线切割加工的主运动是工件的移动 三十四、9. 在常用机械加工方法中，钻削加工精度等级最低。(A) 三十五、 A 对 三十六、 B 错 三十七、10. 在普通卧式车床上主要加工(C) 三十八、 A 支架类零件 三十九、 B 盘、轴、套类零件 四十、 C 箱体类零件 四十一、11. 车床中拖板可带动车刀沿大拖板上导轨做(A) 四十二、 A 纵向移动
创新思维训练3 1．巧排队列 24个人排成6列，要求每5个人为—列，请问该怎么排列好呢 2．升斗量水 一长方形的升斗，它的容积是1升。有人也称之为立升或公升。现在要求你只使用这个升斗，准确地量出0．5升的水。请问应该怎样办才能做到这一点呢 3．违纪开车 在美国城市街道的交叉路口上，明文规定着，有步行者横过公路时，车辆就应停在人行道前等待。可是偏偏有个汽车司机，当交叉路口上还有很多人横过马路时，他却突然撞进人群中，全速向前跑。这时旁边的警察看了也无所谓，并没有责怪他。你说这是为什么4．变换方位 在桌子上并排放有3张数字卡片组成三位数字216。如果把这3张卡片的方位变换一下，则组成了另一个三位数，这个三位数恰好用43除尽。是什么数、怎样变换的5．月球飞鸟 月球上的重力只有地球上的六分之一。有一种鸟在地球上飞20公里要用1小时，如果把它放到月球上，飞20公里要多少时间 6．诚实与说谎 A、B、C、D4个孩子在院子里踢足球，把一户人家的玻璃打碎了。可是当房主人问他们是谁踢的球把玻璃打碎的，他们谁也不承认是自己打碎的。房主人问A，A说：“是C打的。”C 则说“A说的不符合事实。”房主人又问B，B说：“不是我打的。”再问D，D说是“A打的。”已经知道这4个孩子当中有1个很老实、不会说假话：其余3个都不老实，都说的是假
话。请你帮助分析一下这个说真话的孩子是谁，打碎玻璃的又是谁 7．最后一个字母 英语字母表的第一个字母是A。B的前面当然是A。那么最后一个字母是什么 8．沉船 某人有过这样一次经历：他乘坐的船驶到海上后就慢慢地沉下去了，但是，船上所有的乘客都很镇静，既没有人去穿救生衣，也没有人跳海逃命，却眼睁睁地看着这条船全部沉没。 9．火车过隧道 两条火车轨道除了在隧道内的一段外都是平行铺设的。由于隧道的宽度不足以铺设双轨，因此，在隧道内只能铺设单轨。 一天下午，一列火车从某一方向驶入隧道，另一列火车从相反方向驶入隧道。两列火车都以最高的速度行驶，然而，它们并未相撞。这是为什么 10．车祸 车祸发生后不久，第一批警察和救护车已赶到现场，发现翻覆的车子内外都是血迹斑斑，却没有见到死者和伤者，为什么 11．吊在半空中的管理员 当夜总会的侍者上班的时候，他听到顶楼传来了呼叫声。他奔到顶楼，发现管理员腰部束了一根绳子被吊在顶梁上。 管理员对侍者说：“快点把我放下来，去叫警察，我们被抢劫了。”管理员把经过情形告诉了警察，昨夜停止营业以后，进来两个强盗把钱全抢去了。然后把我带到顶楼，用绳子将我吊在梁上。警察对此深信不疑，因为顶楼房里空无一人，他无法把自己吊在那么高的梁上，那里也没有垫脚之物。有一部梯子曾被这伙盗贼用过，但它却放在门外。 然而，没过几个星期，管理员因偷盗而被抓了起来。你能否说明一下，没有任何人的帮助，管理员是怎样把自己吊在半空中的
1. 举例说明酶催化的绝对专一性和相对专一性。 绝对专一性：具有绝对专一性的酶仅作用于一种底物，催化一种反应。 例如脲酶只能催化脲（又称尿素）水解成氨和二氧化碳，而对尿素的氯或甲基取代物都无作用。 相对专一性：有些酶的专一性较低，它们能作用于一类化合物或一类化学键。这种专一性称为相对专一性。其又可分为族类专一性（或称基团专一性）和键专一性，前者对底物化学键两端的基团有要求。 例如α-D-葡糖苷酶作用于α-糖苷键，并要求α-糖苷键的一端必须有葡糖基团。因此，它可催化蔗糖和麦芽糖水解。键专一性只作用于一定的化学键，而对键两端的基团无严格要求，如酯酶可使任何酯键水解。 例子不唯一，尽量不要相同 第二版：P3-P5 第三版：P3-P4 2. 酶的生产方法有哪些？用于酶生产的微生物应具有什么特点？ 酶的生产方法主要有提取分离法，生物合成法和化学合成法等。 产酶微生物应具有的特点有： 1.酶的产量高:通过筛选获得高产菌株，妥善保存并定期复壮 2.容易培养和管理:对培养基成分和工艺条件没有苛刻的要求，适应能力强 3.产酶稳定性好:能稳定生长并表达所需的酶，菌种不易退化 4.有利于酶的分离纯化:酶的分离提纯要比较容易，能获得较高纯度 5.安全可靠:菌种对环境及对操作人员安全，不产生不良影响 第二版：P22-P25 第三版：P20-P22 3. 固定化细胞发酵产酶具有哪些特点？ 固定化细胞发酵产酶的特点有： 1.提高酶的产率：细胞固定化滞后，单位空间内细胞密度增大，因此加速了生化反应； 2.可以反复使用，可以在高稀释率下连续发酵； 3.提高基因工程菌质粒的稳定性； 4.固定化细胞对pH值、温度等外界条件的适应范围增宽，对抑制剂的耐受能力增强，因此发酵稳定性好； 5.可先经预培养再转入发酵生产，缩短发酵周期，提高设备利用率 6.固定化发酵是非均相体系，产品容易分离纯化 7.一般只适用于胞外酶的生产 第二版：P68-P70
管理学原理题库考试试题及答案
（*题库均为研究生院出,答案为历年学长提供,仅供学员参考*）
一、名词解释 A 类 MA1 差别化 在满足顾客全部需求过程中，确定在哪些环节形成与竞争对手的差别，形成竞争优势。 MA2 动机 是在需要基础上产生的，引起和维持着个人行为，并将其导向一定目标的心理机制。 MA3 多种经营战略 多种经营又叫多角化经营战略，就是指把新产品开发经营与市场开拓相结合的一种经营战略。 在经营战略中与市场渗透、市场开拓、产品开发同属产品----市场战略，即与企业从事经营 的产品领域的配合有关的经营战略。多种经营是新产品和新市场相配合，即增加新产品和增 加新市场两者同时并进的战略。多种经营的理论基础是范围经济和分散风险。 MA4 非正式组织 所谓非正式组织，是两个或两个以上个人的无意识地体系化了的多种心理因素的系统。 MA5 风险管理 风险管理是对风险的识别，适应和处置。风险管理的目的是避免风险或使损失减至最小。 MA6 风险识别 即在损失风险刚出现或出现之前，就予以识别，一准确把握各种风险信号及其产生原因。 MA7 负强化 负强化又称消极强化，即利用强化物抑制不良行为重复出现的可能性。包括批评、惩罚、降 职降薪等。 MA8 个人惯性 个人惯性是指个人在长期的组织生活中形成的固定观念、准则和思维方式、工作习惯等。 MA9 管理
管理是组织中维持集体协作行为延续发展的有意识的协调行为。管理行为是一种分解和综合、 协调其他行为的一般职能，是组织的一部分职能，是组织的特殊器官，离开组织或协作行为，
不存在管理。管理的实质是协调，围绕共同目标，解决矛盾、协调力量，形成一致。 MA10 管理制度 是对企业管理各基本方面规定活动框架，调节集体协作行为的制度。管理制度是比企业基本 制度层次略低的制度规范。它是用来约束集体性行为的成体系的活动和行为规范，主要针对 集体而非个人。 MA11 激励 所谓激励，是指人类活动的一种内心状态，它具有激发和加强动机，推动并引导行为使之朝 向预定目标的作用。一般认为，一切内心要争取的条件一欲求、需要、希望、动力等都构成 人的激励。激励与人的行为呈正相关关系。激励在企业管理中具有多方面的重要功能：有助 于激发和调动职工的工作积极性；有助于将职工的个人目标导向现实企业目的轨道；有助于 增强企业的凝聚力。 MA12 计划 计划是事先对未来应采取的行动所做的规范和安排。计划工作贯穿企业经营管理全过程 MA13 技术规范 技术规范是涉及某些技术标准、技术规程的规定。它反映生产和流通过程中客观事物的内在 技术要求、科学性和规律性，是经济活动中心须予以尊重的。P163
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《酶工程》复习 一、名词解释…………………………………………… 1 酶工程：又称酶技术，是酶制剂的大规模生产和应用的技术，包括化学酶工程和生物酶工程。 2酶的诱导：由于加进某种物质，使酶的生物合成开始或者加速进行，称为酶的生物合成的诱导作用。 3 微滤：以压力差为推动力，截留水中粒径在0.02~ 10m之间的颗粒物的膜分离技术。 4固定化酶：通过物理的或化学的方法，将酶固定在载体上，能使酶发挥催化作用的酶。 5酶的非水相催化：通过改变反应介质，影响酶的表面结构和活性中心，从而改变酶的催化特性。 6 原生质体：脱去细胞壁的植物、真菌或细菌细胞。 7超滤：超滤是采用中空纤维过滤新技术，配合三级预处理过滤清除自来水中杂质；超滤微孔小于0.01微米，能彻底滤除水中的细菌、铁锈、胶体等有害物质，保留水中原有的微量元素和矿物质。 8 固体发酵：固态发酵是指没有或几乎没有自由水存在下，在有一定湿度的水下溶性固态基质中，用一种或多种微生物的一个生物反应过程。 二、填空题………………………………………………. 1酶的分类（氧化还原酶）、（转移酶）、（水解酶）、（裂合酶）、（异构酶）、（合成酶）。 2酶活力是（酶催化速度）的量度指标，酶的比活力是（酶纯度）的量度指标，酶转换数是（酶催化效率）的量度指标。 3微生物产酶模式可以分为同步合成型，（延续合成型），中期合成型，（滞后合成型）四种。 4动物细胞培养主要用于生产疫苗、激素、单克隆抗体、多肽因子、酶等（功能性蛋白质）。 5细胞破碎的主要方法有机械破碎法、物理破碎法、（化学破碎法）、（酶促破碎法）。 6有机溶剂的极性系数lgP越小，表明其极性（越强），对酶活性的影响（越大）。 7通常酶的固定化方法有：吸附法、包埋法、结合法、交联法、热处理法。
坐位体前屈的动作方法：慢慢练平坐在地上，伸直双腿，脚板崩直，然后，弯曲腰部，双手放在头的两侧，尽力向前伸慢慢用力，不要晃。 一、立位练习法： 1、双脚开立体前屈练习法 动作方法：双脚开立同肩宽，膝关节伸直，腰部、背部放松，双手自然下垂，加振动做体前屈练习。 2、单脚支撑练习法 动作方法：（有左脚为例）左脚向左前方迈一小步，脚跟着地成支撑，脚尖勾回，膝关节伸直，身体中心落在右腿上，右腿膝关节弯曲；左手压在左脚膝关节上，加振动用右手摸（抓）左脚脚尖； 3、双脚并拢体前屈练习法 动作方法：双脚并拢，膝关节伸直，腰部、背部放松，双手自然下垂，加振动做体前屈练习。 二、坐位练习法： 1、单脚练习法 动作方法：（有左脚为例）左脚膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用右手抓左脚脚尖或前脚掌； 2、双脚分开练习法 动作方法：双脚分开同肩宽，膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用双手去抓双脚脚尖或者双脚前脚掌； 3、双脚并拢练习法 动作方法：双脚并拢，膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用双手去抓双脚脚尖或者双脚前脚掌； 三、利用台阶练习法 动作方法：学生站在上一级台阶上，成立位体前屈姿势，加振动，用手指指尖或手掌去触摸下一级台阶的台面。 根据学生的实际情况可以有针对性的进行训练，手段如下： (1)坐压腿：双腿分开坐在地面上，一条腿屈膝，脚跟接触伸展腿的内侧。呼气，上体前倾贴近伸展腿大腿的上部。伸展腿膝部保持伸直，动作幅度尽量大。 (2)压腿：在高台前站立，一条腿伸直放在台上，另一条腿支撑地面。呼气，双腿膝关节伸直，髋关节正对台子。上体前倾，贴近台上大腿上部，双手扶踝关节前部。伸展腿膝部和背部保持伸直。动作幅度尽量大。此文转自斐.斐课件.园https://www.doczj.com/doc/1f7122629.html, (3) 站立拉伸：背贴墙站立，呼气，直膝抬起一条腿。同伴用双手抓住踝关节上部，帮助腿上举。同伴帮助上举腿时练习者呼气，动作幅度尽量大。 2．拉伸大腿内侧 (1)直膝分腿坐压腿：双腿尽量左右分开，坐在地面上，双手体前扶地。呼气，转体，上体前倾贴在一条腿上，双手扶在身体前倾一侧腿的踝关节前部。充分伸展双腿和腰部。(2)弓箭步拉伸：弓箭步站立，双脚间距离约60厘米，后脚左转90度，双手叉腰。呼气，前脚继续前移，髋部下压后面腿，换腿重复练习。动作幅度尽量大。 3．腰腹部 (1)跪立背弓：在垫上跪立，脚尖向后。双手扶在背上部，上体后仰，背部肌肉收缩送髋。呼气，加大动作幅度，逐渐把双手滑向脚跟。动作幅度尽量大。拉伸25秒，3至5组。(2)体前屈蹲起：双脚并拢俯身下蹲，逐渐下降双手放在脚两侧，手指向前。躯干贴在大腿上部。伸膝至最大限度。动作幅度尽量大，手不能离地。 (3)跨栏坐：双腿尽量左右分开，坐在地面上，成跨栏坐姿势，呼气，转体，上体前倾贴
一、单选题 ? 1、不属于医德关系的是( ) ? 我的答案：B.患者之间关系" ? 正确答案：B.患者之间关系" ? ? 2、人类科技活动的第二阶段主要以（）为主 ? 我的答案：B.民间集体研究" ? 正确答案：B.民间集体研究" ? ? 3、世界各国的企业认识到建立合理的内部研究开发机构以及加大投入力度的重要性是开始 于（） ? 我的答案：C.第二次世界大战以后"
? 正确答案：C.第二次世界大战以后" ? ? 4、为什么说创造力对组织而言至关重要，因为：（）? 我的答案：A.它打开变革和创新之门" ? 正确答案：A.它打开变革和创新之门" ? ? 15、医学人道主义的核心内容是( ) ? 我的答案：A.尊重病人" ? 正确答案：A.尊重病人" ? ? 16、医学人道主义的核心内容是( ) ?
? 正确答案：A.尊重病人" ? ? 17、钢筋混凝土是属于哪种异类组合:（）? 我的答案：A.材料组合" ? 正确答案：A.材料组合" ? ? 18、对患者享有知情同意权的正确理解是( )? 我的答案：A.完全知情，只需签字同意" ? 正确答案：A.完全知情，只需签字同意" ? ? 19、科技创新最本质的特点是（） ?
? 正确答案：A.首创性" ? ? 20、发展中国家的研发水平总体来说起步较低，隐形技术知识的存量相对较少，所以技术 追赶要以理解与运用国外主流技术为基础，因此发展中国家隐形技术知识的重要来源是：（? ） ? 我的答案：B.跨国公司" ? 正确答案：B.跨国公司" ? 二、多选题 ? 5、理论创新的基本原则有( ) ? 我的答案：A.理论联系实际B.科学性C.先进性D.实践性" ? 正确答案：A.理论联系实际"B.科学性"C.先进性"D.实践性" ?
创新是民族进步的灵魂复习测试题（附答案） 3.10.2《创新是民族进步的灵魂》同步复习测试题（附答案）（新人教版必修四） 知识点一：创新推动社会生产力的发展 1．被誉为“水稻之父”的袁隆平突破了经典遗传理论的禁区，提出水稻杂交的新理论，实现了水稻育种的新突破。自20世纪70年代中期至2001年，中国已累计种植杂交水稻30多亿亩，增产粮食40多亿吨，创造经济效益4 000多亿元。以上事例说明 A．科技创新极大地推动了社会生产力的发展B．只要种植杂交水稻就能解决全世界的吃饭问题 C．中国通过推广杂交水稻实现了全面小康 D．科技的发展能解决人类面临的一切问题2．下边名为《思变》的漫画，体现的哲学道理是 A．创新推动了社会生产力的发展 B．事物是永恒发展的 C．要重视量的积累 D．创新可以使我们的事业不断成功 3．迎接未来科学技术的挑战，最重要的是要坚持__________，勇于__________。科学技术的每一进步都是通过__________实现的。 知识点二：创新推动生产关系和社会制度的变革 4．回顾30多年来我国改革开放的历程，可以看到，无论是制度创新、科技创新、文化创新还是其他创新，我们每前进一步，都是以理论上的创新为前提的。这说明 A．理论创新是社会发展和变革的先导 B．理论创新决定制度创新、科技创新、文化创新 C．理论创新对社会发展和变革具有决定性作用 D．只要有理论上的创新，就会带来社会的发展和变革 5．实践基础上的理论创新是社会发展和变革的先导，对此理解正确的是A．通过理论创新推动制度创新、科技创新、文化创新以及其他多方面的创新 B．先有理论创新，后有实践创新 C．理论创新是社会发展和变革的决定因素 D．理论创新无止境 6．创新带来的不仅仅是 __________的大发展，还有__________和__________的深刻变革。实践基础上的理论创新是__________的先导。 知识点三：创新推动人类思维和文化的发展 7．爱因斯坦说过：“科学对于人类生活的影响有两种方式。第一种方式是大家熟悉的，科学直接地并且在很大程度上间接地生产出完全改变了人类生活的工具。第二种方式是教育性的，它作用于心灵。尽管草率看来，这种方式不
酶工程思考题汇总 第一章P25 1．何谓酶工程?试述其主要内容和任务. 酶的生产，改性与应用的技术过程称为酶工程。 主要内容：微生物细胞发酵产酶，动植物细胞培养产酶，酶的提取与分离纯化，酶分子修饰，酶、细胞、原生质体固定化，酶非水相催化，酶定向进化，酶反应器和酶的应用等。 主要任务：经过预先设计，通过人工操作获得人们所需的酶，并通过各种方法使酶的催化特性得以改进，充分发挥其催化功能。 2．酶有哪些显著的催化特性？ 专一性强（绝对专一性——钥匙学说、相对专一性——诱导契合学说）、催化效率高、作用条件温和 3．简述影响酶催化作用的主要因素. 底物浓度、酶浓度、温度、pH、激活剂浓度、抑制剂浓度等诸多因素 第二章P63 5．酶的生物合成有哪几种模式？ 生长偶联型（同步合成型、中期合成型）、 部分生长偶联型（延续合成型） 非生长偶联型（滞后合成型） 7．提高酶产量的措施主要有哪些？ a.添加诱导物（酶的作用底物、酶的催化反应物、作用底物的类似物） b.控制阻遏物的浓度 c.添加表面活性剂 d.添加产酶促进剂 11．固定化微生物原生质体发酵产酶有何特点？ 1.提高产酶率 2.可以反复使用或连续使用较长时间 3.基因工程菌的质粒稳定，不易丢失 4.发酵稳定性好 5.缩短发酵周期，提高设备利用率 6.产品容易分离纯化 7.适用于胞外酶等细胞产物的生产 第三章P84 3．植物细胞培养产酶有何特点？ 1.提高产率 2.缩短周期 3.易于管理，减轻劳动强度 4.提高产品质量 5.其他 4．简述植物细胞培养产酶的工艺过程。 外植体细胞的获取细胞培养分离纯化产物 6．动物细胞培养过程中要注意控制哪些工艺条件？ 1.培养基的组成成分 2.培养基的配制 3.温度的控制 4.ph的控制 5.渗透压的控制 6.溶解氧的控制
1、匹配题 A、内部邮件列表营销定制化营销 d B、定制化营销 a C、个性化定价策略 c D、站点推广 f E、网络中间商 e a、是指利用互联网自身的优势，为顾客提供一对一的，个性化和独特化的产品 或服务。 b、是指采用第三方所提供的邮件列表进行的邮件营销。 c、是利用网络互动性和消费者的需求特征，来确定商品价格的一种策略。 d、是指采用企业自身所收集并维护的邮件列表进行的营销。
e、是指以网络为基础，在电子商务市场中发挥中介作用的新型中介。 f、就是通过对企业网络营销站点的宣传吸引用户访问，同时树立企业网上品牌 形象。 g、为用户提供了基于关键词的检索服务，站点利用大型数据库分类存储各种站 点介绍和页面内容。 2、匹配题 a) 扩大产品组合策略（C） b) 网站推广（F） c) 竞价推广（B） d) 博客（G） e) 市场领导者（E） A、指减少企业网络产品组合的宽度或深度，减少产品系列或项目，集中力量经 营一个系列 的产品或者少数产品项目提高专业化水平，以求经营较少的产品中获得较多的利
润 B、是国内最流行的点击付费广告，他是由客户为自己的网页购买关键字排名， 按点击计费 的一种服务 C、是指扩展企业网络产品组合的宽度和深度，增加产品系列或项目，扩大经营 范围，以满 足试产需要 D、是那些为了争取市场领先地位，向竞争者挑战的企业 E、是指在相关产品的市场中市场占有率最高的企业 F、通过对企业网络营销网站的宣传吸引用户访问，同时树立企业网上品牌形象， 为企业营 销目标的实现打下坚实的基础 G、是一种对社会公众开放的具有个性化的个人主页，可供发布个人思想，学术 内容，文学
1、酶的固定化方法：吸附法、包埋法、共价结合法、热处理法 2、提取酶的有机溶剂有：甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丙酮、异丙醇、 3、酶生产的主要方式：固体发酵、液体深层通气发酵、固定化细胞或固定化原生质体发酵 4、酶的抽提剂有：稀酸、稀碱、稀盐、稀有机溶剂等 5、测定酶蛋白含量的方法： 凯氏定氮法、双缩尿法、Folin 酚法、紫外法、色素结合法、BCA法、胶体金测定法 6、影响酶活力的主要因素：温度、PH、底物浓度、酶浓度、抑制剂、激活剂 7、包埋固定化酶的凝胶有：聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯醇、光敏树脂、琼脂、明胶、海藻酸钙 8、酶的回收率：是指直接测定的固定化酶的活力占固定化之前的活力的百分比。 9、纯化倍数：就是经过纯化后得到的比活力与纯化前比活力之间的比值。 10、盐析的原理：蛋白质溶液在一定浓度范围内，加入无机盐，随着盐浓度增大，蛋白质的溶解度增大，但当盐浓度增到一定限度后，蛋白质将从溶液中析出。 11、在酶的反应过程中如何确保酶的最适反应温度和最适pH值。 保证最适温度的方法：通过发酵罐的热交换设施，控制冷源或热源流量；通过曲室的通风和加热设备控制。保证最适pH的方法：加酸或加碱，加碳源或氮源物质。 12、在发酵产酶过程中的准备工作： 收集筛选菌种，菌种保藏，细胞活化，扩大培养，培养基的配置，对发酵条件的控制。 13、为什么在测酶活实验中要连续不断的测酶活和酶蛋白含量 因为酶的活性会受温度和PH值的影响 14、终止酶反应的方法： 1、迅速升高温度； 2、加入强酸、强碱、尿素、乙醇等变性剂； 3、加入酶抑制剂； 4、调节反应液pH值。 15、固定化的优点： 1、可反复使用，稳定性高； 2、易与底物和产物分开，便于分离纯化； 3、可实现连续生产，提高效率。 16、培养基的成分：碳源、氮源、无机盐、生长因素、水。 17、菌种保藏方法： 1、斜面低温保藏法 2、液体石蜡油保藏法 3、砂土管保藏法 4、真空冷冻干燥法 5、液氮超低温保藏法。 18、发酵产酶的操作过程：配置培养基、分装、灭菌（112℃—115℃，20min）、孢子悬液（将无菌水加入斜面培养基）、接种、培养（32℃，180r/min，培养72h） 19、测定酶活的方法： 1、在一定时间内，让适量的底物与酶在最适合条件下； 2、加入酶抑制剂或升高温度等方法快速终止酶反应； 3、加一定量的显色剂与底物反应，测定液体的吸光度； 4、根据吸光度值计算出酶活 20、壳聚糖酶如何筛选：采用透明圈法，透明圈法直观、方便、根据壳聚糖不溶于水，以壳聚糖为唯一碳源，培养基浑浊。如果有该酶存在，即可降解壳聚糖为壳寡糖，壳寡糖容易被分解吸收，所以形成透明圈，从而可筛选出产生壳聚糖酶的菌株21、产壳聚糖酶初筛平板有什么现象，为什么 会出现透明圈，其原因是根据壳聚糖不溶于水，以壳聚糖为唯一碳源，培养基浑浊。如果有该酶存在，即可降解壳聚糖为壳寡糖，壳寡糖容易被分解吸收，所以形成透明圈 22、酶反应器： 分批式搅拌罐反应器、连续流搅拌罐反应器、填充床反应器、流化床反应器、模型反应器、鼓泡塔反应器 23、对产酶的菌种的要求是： 1、产酶量高；2、繁殖快，发酵周期短；3、产酶稳定性好，不易退化，不易被感染；4、能够利用廉价的原料，容易培养和管理；5、安全可靠，非致病菌。 24、在使用离心机时应注意事项 25、尿酶提取过程中为什么要在冰浴中进行 在冰浴中进行可以使尿酶处于低温条件下，低温能降低酶的活性，但不破坏酶的活性，在适合的温度下可恢复酶的活力 26、填充床的制备及应用的要点 装柱——平衡——应用——检测 装柱：均匀、无裂缝、无气泡、平整；平衡：1—2倍柱床体积缓冲液；应用：3%尿素溶液； 检测：定性：纳氏试剂（黄色或棕红色沉淀）——定量：取20ml流出液，用0.05mol/L标准HCL滴定（加2—3滴混合指示剂）
坐位体前屈训练方法与技巧 坐位体前屈测试方法：这一项目的场地是在室内，使用电动测试仪进行测试。考试时，考生直角坐，两腿伸直，两脚脱鞋平蹬测试纵板坐在平地上，两脚分开约10—15 厘米，上体前屈，两臂伸直向前，用两手中指尖逐渐向前推动游标，直到不能前推为止。测试计的脚蹬纵板内沿平面为0 点，向内为负值，向前为正值。记录以厘米为单位，保留一位小数。 注意事项及技巧： 1、考试前，考生要进行体前屈准备活动练习，让腿部韧带拉开，然后, 身体前屈，两臂向前 推游标时两腿不能弯曲; 受试者应匀速向前推动游标，不得突然发力; 向前推动游标时，中途不可停顿，一旦停止，电动测试仪就记录下成绩。 2、将腹部慢慢靠近大腿（不要拱背）。 3、在屈之前把腰挺直，尽量收腹，拉伸腰，然后双腿挺直的情况下身体前倾同时伸展手臂。 坐位体前屈的训练方法 一、立位练习法： 1、双脚开立体前屈练习法动作方法：双脚开立同肩宽，膝关节伸直，腰部、背部放松，双手自然下垂，加振动做体前屈练习。 2、单脚支撑练习法动作方法：（有左脚为例）左脚向左前方迈一小步，脚跟着地成支撑，脚尖勾回，膝关节伸直，身体中心落在右腿上，右腿膝关节弯曲；左手压在左脚膝关节上，加振动用右手摸（抓）左脚脚尖； 3、双脚并拢体前屈练习法动作方法：双脚并拢，膝关节伸直，腰部、背部放松，双手自 然下垂，加振动做体前屈 练习。二、坐位练习法： 1、单脚练习法动作方法：（有左脚为例）左脚膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振 动用右手抓左脚 脚尖或前脚掌； 2、双脚分开练习法动作方法：双脚分开同肩宽，膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用双手去抓双脚脚尖或者双脚前脚掌； 3、双脚并拢练习法动作方法：双脚并拢，膝关节伸直，脚尖勾回，身体前扑，加振动用 双手去抓双脚脚尖 或者双脚前脚掌； 三、利用台阶练习法动作方法：学生站在上一级台阶上，成立位体前屈姿势，加振动，用手指指尖或手掌去触摸下一级台阶的台面。 二、坐位练习法：1、先坐在地上，双腿并拢伸直，两臂向前用力伸。可以有节奏的进行，目的就是静力练习前的拉伸准备和热身活动。也可 2 、同伴或教练员可利用用手反复按压练习者肩背部的办法，助其用力，达到伸拉的目的。这里有个关键，就是练习者的肩部和后背易上弓的位置是重点施力部位。并且，用力方向不宜往正下方，以前下方为最佳。按压时间长度 1 2 两分钟。 以上1、2 也可这样：一人坐垫上，双脚并拢，帮助的人站在练习者身后，有节奏的推压练习者的双肩，做 4 个8 拍，推压由轻到重，练习者配合主动向前身体前屈下压， 4 个
数据结构习题集含答案 目录
选择题 第一章绪论 1.数据结构这门学科是针对什么问题而产生的（A ） A、针对非数值计算的程序设计问题 B、针对数值计算的程序设计问题 C、数值计算与非数值计算的问题都针对 D、两者都不针对 2.数据结构这门学科的研究内容下面选项最准确的是（D ） A、研究数据对象和数据之间的关系 B、研究数据对象 C、研究数据对象和数据的操作 D、研究数据对象、数据之间的关系和操作 3.某班级的学生成绩表中查得张三同学的各科成绩记录，其中数据结构考了90分，那 么下面关于数据对象、数据元素、数据项描述正确的是（C ） A、某班级的学生成绩表是数据元素，90分是数据项 B、某班级的学生成绩表是数据对象，90分是数据元素 C、某班级的学生成绩表是数据对象，90分是数据项 D、某班级的学生成绩表是数据元素，90分是数据元素 4.*数据结构是指（A ）。 A、数据元素的组织形式 B、数据类型 C、数据存储结构 D、数据定义 5.数据在计算机存储器内表示时，物理地址与逻辑地址不相同，称之为（C ）。 A、存储结构 B、逻辑结构 C、链式存储结构 D、顺序存储结构 6.算法分析的目的是（C ） A、找出数据的合理性 B、研究算法中的输入和输出关系 C、分析算法效率以求改进 D、分析算法的易懂性和文档型性
7.算法分析的主要方法（A ）。 A、空间复杂度和时间复杂度 B、正确性和简明性 C、可读性和文档性 D、数据复杂性和程序复杂性 8.计算机内部处理的基本单元是（B ） A、数据 B、数据元素 C、数据项 D、数据库 9.数据在计算机内有链式和顺序两种存储方式，在存储空间使用的灵活性上，链式存储 比顺序存储要（B ）。 A、低 B、高 C、相同 D、不好说 10.算法的时间复杂度取决于（ C ） A 、问题的规模B、待处理数据的初始状态 C、问题的规模和待处理数据的初始状态 D、不好说 11.数据结构既研究数据的逻辑结构，又研究物理结构，这种观点（B ）。 A、正确 B、错误 C、前半句对，后半句错 D、前半句错，后半句对 12.在数据结构中，从逻辑上可以把数据结构分成（ C ） A、动态结构和静态结构 B、紧凑结构和非紧凑结构 C、线性结构和非线性结构 D、内部结构和外部结构 13.线性表的顺序存储结构是一种( )的存储结构，线性表的链式存储结构是一种（ A ） 存储结构。 A、随机存取 B、顺序存取 C、索引存取 D、散列存取 14.*下列程序的时间复杂度是（A ） for (i=1; i<=n; ++i){ for (j=1; j<=n; ++j){ c [i][j]=0;
创新思维训练考试答案 班级：默认班级成绩：96.0分(网上有错误的答案，太坑了，还有不一样的，要看清楚了) 一、单选题（题数：20，共 40.0 分） 1下列哪一项与思维导图无关？（） 2.0分 ?A、自由联想发散法 ?B、科学联想发散法 ?C、强制联想发散法 ?D、随机联想发散法 正确答案： D 我的答案： D 2思维导图包含哪些基本组成要素？（） 2.0分 ?A、核心主题与分支 ?B、关键词与联系线 ?C、颜色与图形 ?D、以上都是 正确答案： D 我的答案： D 3创意的萌芽阶段需要（）。 2.0分 ?A、严密的分析与推理 ?B、大量的知识储备 ?C、周密的计划与实施 ?D、信马由缰式的发散思维
正确答案： D 我的答案： D 4关于转变思考方向的描述，下列哪项是错误的？（） 2.0分?A、转变思考方向是突破思维定势的重要方法之一 ?B、转变思考方向包括逆向思维、侧向思维、多向思维等 ?C、头脑风暴法和思维导图有助于转变思考方向 ?D、转变思考方向对大多数人来说是容易做到的事情 正确答案： D 我的答案： D 5本课程涉及了哪些内容？（） 2.0分 ?A、创新的定义、原理、方法、练习等 ?B、批判性思维、平行思维和包容性思维 ?C、创新情境、创新人格、高峰体验 ?D、以上都包括 正确答案： D 我的答案： D 6关于六顶思考帽的描述，哪一项是不正确的？（） 2.0分?A、六顶思考帽就是用六种颜色的帽子代表六个不同的思维角度或思考方向 ?B、六顶思考帽一般适合于团队思维时使用 ?C、六顶思考帽有固定的使用顺序 ?D、红色思考帽代表情绪与直觉 正确答案： C 我的答案： C 7关于了结需要的描述，哪一项是错误的？（） 2.0分 ?A、了结需要越高的人越容易创新