Book 1
Unit 1
1.add up 合计
If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.=Add 5 to 5 and you will get 10.=5 added to 5 is 10. 把……加到……上面
The balloons added to the festival atmosphere.增加
His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 加起来总计达
Add up all the numbers, and you will get 1000. 加……
【训练】用适当的介词填空：
①The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added ____ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
②The numbers add ____ 95.
2. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视（-s, -d, ignoring）
He ignored my advice. 他忽视我的忠告。
The driver ignored the traffic light. 那个司机不理会红绿灯。
ignorance n. 无知ignorant a. 无知的
3. upset a.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. 使不安；使心烦（upset, upset）
His strange behavior upset his father. 他的奇怪行为困扰着他的父亲。
I was really upset by the news. 那个消息使我烦透了。
4. calm sb.down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来
He calmed his friends down. 他使朋友平静下来。
calm （-er, -est）
The sea was very calm. 海面很平静。 a calm day /afternoon 平静的日子/下午
Stay/Keep calm! 冷静点!
She got frightened and excited, but is much calmer now. 她受惊吓而显得激动，但现在平静多了。
After a storm comes a calm. 雨过天晴。
calm (vt.&adj.) –calmly (adv.)-calmness (n. 安静；冷静) 5. have got to 不得不；必须（同must, have to ）
You’ve got to do what the doctor told you (to).你必须按照医生所吩咐的去做。
Have we got to get up early tomorrow? 我们明天必须早起床吗？
6.concern vt. (使) 担忧；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系
That doesn’t concern me. =It’s none of my business. =It’s no concern of mine. 与我无关。
She concerns herself about her son’s future.
=She is concerned about her son’s future.她担忧着他儿子的将来。
7. as far as … be concerned 就……而言
As far as I am concerned , I cannot support your idea. 就我个人而言，我不支持你的观点。
I have no concern with the company. 我和该公司没有任何关系。
I feel no concern about the matter. 我不担心这件事。
She showed a great deal of concern for her son’s illness. 她非常担心她儿子的病情。
7. go through 经历；经受
The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.
那个可怜的女孩自从父母过世后经历了很多苦难。对……查看一遍
She went through the room but cou ldn’t find the missing ring.
她搜遍了整个房间还是找不到失落的戒指。
Cf. get through
①读完；写完How long does it take you to get through a letter?你写一封信要花多少时间？
②get through to sb. 打电话找到某人
8. set down 记下；放下；登记
I set down everything (that happened then.)我记下那时发生
的每一件事。
9. a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing. (谓语动词使用单数)在那个交叉路口曾经发生一连串的车祸。
10. outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外（反indoors）Children usually prefer playing outdoors. 孩子通常比较喜欢在户外玩耍。
Cf. outdoor adj. 反indoor an outdoor game /sport 户外活动
11.on purpose 故意=by design 反义：by chance/by accident
She lost the key on purpose.她故意遗失钥匙。
12. in order to 为了…
They did anything in order to make money.为了赚钱他们什么都做。
Cf.(对比) in order to do 可放于句首
so as to do 不可放于句首
in order to do 与in order that
They did anything in order that they could make money. 为了赚钱他们什么都做。
13. at dusk 在黄昏时刻
14. face to face 面对面地with sb.
He came face to face with death.他面临死亡。
face-to-face adj. 面对面的have a face-to-face argument 面对面地辩论
【拓展】back to back hand in hand heart to heart 坦诚地shoulder to shoulder
arm in arm side by side
15.no longer/not…any longer 不再……
He no longer lives here.=He doesn’t live here any longer.他不再这儿住了。
16. settle vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解
决
They got married and settled in Jinan.他们结了婚并定居在济南。
He settled down in his hometown. 他在故乡安顿下来。17. suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历（-s, -ed, -ing）
The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.那个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。
He is suffering from a bad cold.他正患感冒。suffer from +具体事物
18. recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得（-s, -ed, -ing）He recovered from a cold. 他感冒痊愈。
recover vt.&vi.---recovery n.
19. get/be tired of 对……厌烦
I’m tired of eggs. He was tired of answering his son’s questions.他厌倦了回答儿子的问题。
tired adj. tiredly ad. tiredness n. tireless adj. 20. pack vi.&vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李n. 小包；包裹Have you packed all your things? 你所有的东西都包好了吗？
pack sth. up 将……装箱打包
1
21.get along with 与……相处；进展
How are you getting along with your classmates?你与同学相处如何？
How are you getting along with your work? 你的工作进展如何？
22. fall in love with sb. 相爱；爱上
23. disagree vi. 不同意（-s, -d, -ing）
She disagreed with me on that point. 在哪一点上她和我的观点不同。
The climate here disagrees with me. 这儿的气候不适合我。
24. join in 参加；加入
May I join in your conversation? 我可以加入你们的谈话吗？
Join with sb. in doing 和某人一起做
My wife joins with me in sending our best regards to you.我和我的妻子向你问候。
Unit 2
1. because of 因为；由于
I was late because of the rain.因为下雨，我迟到了。
Cf. because & because of
I went to bed early because I was tired.
because +状语从句because of +名词，代词，动名词，宾语从句
cf. because , as , since, for 一般是表示各种理由的连词，但because 多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点，故because 所引导的从句常放在句末。
--Why am I leaving?
--I’m leaving because I want to .
as, since 用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是叙述的重点，两者皆多用于句首，但要注意：since 重形式，as 多表示理由以外的才是重点。
As it is raining, let’s stay at home. 重点在let’s stay at home。Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.
for 不用于句首, 放后面补充说明理由；主句表推测时，用for 说明原因。
I’ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 我会听从他的建议，因为他是医生。
2. come up 走近；上来；提出
The sun has come up. 太阳升起来了。
Cf.（对比）come up with (不可用被动)
（1）追上；赶上
（2）想出；找出（答案，计划）
You’ve come up with a good idea.你想出来的主意好极了。
3. actually ad.实际上；事实上
He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.他看起来虽然很镇定，但实际上却很紧张。
Did you actually see the accident? 你真的看到那次意外事故了吗？
4. base vt. 以……为依据（bases, based, basing）
You should base your conclusion upon careful research.你应该把你的结论建立在审慎的研究的基础之上。
This story is based on facts.这个故事基于事实。
5. at present 现在；目前（=now）
I’m free at present. 我现在有空。
6. make use of 利用；使用
①You should make the best use of this chance.你应该充分利用这次机会。
②He made use of his free time to learn English. 他利用闲暇时间学英语。将②句变成被动（2种）
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7. such as 例如……,像这种的
I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago, and Boston.我去过几个城市，如纽约，芝加哥和波士顿。
I don’t like such books as he likes. 我不喜欢他喜欢的书。
8. command n. &vt. 命令；指令；掌握（-s, -ed, -ing）command sb. to do 命令某人做
The policeman commanded him to stop.警察命令他停下来。
I was commanded by my father to study harder.父亲训令我努力用功。
command that 命令
The teacher commanded that he (should ) go out of the classroom. (虚拟语气)
=The teacher commanded him to go out of the classroom.老师命令他离开教室。
9. request n. &vt. 请求；要求（-s, -ed, -ing ）
request sb. to do 请求某人做……
May I request you to stop talking? 能不能请你不要再讲了？
request that …请求……一事
I requested that he (should )come an hour earlier.我请他早一个小时来。
注意：command, request 的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。should +动词原形，should 可省略。
10. play a part in 扮演一个角色；参与
He played a leading part in the movement. 他在那次运动中担任领导角色。=play a role in
11. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认（-s, -d, recognizing）
I recognized my old friend at once.我立刻认出了我的老朋友。
They recognized him to be a great leader.他们承认他是一位伟大的领袖。
He didn’t recognize that he had made a big mistake.他不承认犯下了大错。
Cf.(对比) realize v. 领悟；认识到
Suddenly he realized what was happening.突然间他觉察到发生什么事了。
12. straight adv.直接；挺直adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的（-er, -est）
a straight line 直线She has straight hair.她是直发。
Please be straight with me. 请坦诚对待我。Give
straight answer.请坦率回答。
The road goes straight across the desert.
沙漠。
Keep straight on .一直往前走。
Unit 3
1.transport n. 运送；运输vt.运输；运送(-s, -ed, -ing) The yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the city. 那辆黄色公共汽车把乘客从机场运到城里。
The goods were transported by plane.那些物品是用飞机运输的。
2.prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）
（-s,prefe rr ed, prefe rr ing）
prefer A to B 喜欢A
He prefers fish to meat.他比较喜欢鱼而不喜欢肉。
prefer doing to doing
I would prefer playing outdoors to watching television.我宁
2
3
愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿… 而不愿
I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay home.=I prefer going to the movies to staying home. 我宁愿去看电影而不愿待在家里。
I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天宁愿不出去。 3.ever since 从那以后一直（更加强调since 的用法） He got a job with the firm in 1970 and has worked there ever since.他1970年在那家公司任职，尔后就一直在那里工作。 4.persuade vt.说服；劝说（-s,-d,persuading ） persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing persuade sb.not to do = persuade sb.out of doing
She finally persuaded her son to go to college.她终于说服他儿子上大学。
= She finally persuaded her son into going to college.
We persuaded him out of his foolish plan.我们劝他停止他的愚蠢计划。
5.graduate vi. 毕业 n. 大学毕业生（-s, -d,gratuating ） They graduated from high school last year. 他们去年高中毕业。
He graduated in law from Yale. 他毕业于耶鲁大学法律系。 a graduate of Harvard=a Harvard graduate 哈佛大学毕业生 6.finally ad. 最后；终于（at last, at the end, eventually ） The car wouldn ’t start, so finally we decided to go on foot.车子不能发动，所以我们终于决定走着去。
7.schedule n. 时间表；进度表 vt. 为某事安排时间
a work schedule 工作预定表 a class schedule 课程表 a television schedule 电视节目表 a train schedule 火车时刻表
according to schedule 据预定计划 ahead of schedule 较预定时间提前 behind schedule ________ on schedule 按照预定时间
I have a full schedule for tomorrow. 我明天已经排满了。 He is scheduled to visit the USA next year. 他预定明年访问美国。
8.be fond of 喜爱；喜欢
She is fond of cats/music.她喜欢猫/音乐。 I am fond of playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e7582186.html,anize vt. 组织；成立 organize a party 组织政党
organized a. 有组织的 organization n. 组织；组织化 10.care about 关心；忧虑；惦念
I don ’t care about what he ’ll say. 我不在乎他说什么。 care for 喜欢 （用于否定句，疑问句，不用被动语态） I don ’t care for baseball. 我不喜欢棒球。
Would you care for a cup of tea? 你要不要来杯茶？
care for 照顾，照料 She cares for her sick mother. 她照顾她生病的母亲。
11. change one ’s mind 改变主意bear/keep sth. in mind 记在心里
Please bear these rules in minds. 请记住这些规则。
12. journey n. 旅行；旅程 a long train journey 长途火车旅行
journal n. 日志 keep a journal 记日志（通常比日记较多用于正式记录）
a monthly journal 月刊
The Great Wall is a day ’s journey by car from here. 从这里到长城要一天的车程。
区分（cf ）：journey, trip, voyage,tour
journey 常指长途陆路直接到达目的地的旅行（长途陆
路）go on /make a journey
trip 通常指短程的观光旅行（短途短期）go on/ make a trip to sp.
voyage 航海；太空旅行 go on /make a voyage to sp. tour 指为考察，观光等巡回各地的旅行 go on /make a tour of
13. make up one ’s mind 下决心；决定 He made up his mind to be a doctor.
联想：be determined to do 下定决心去做 determine to do 决心做 decide to do 决定做 14.give in 投降；屈服；让步
The mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.拗不过孩子的要求，母亲买了玩具给他。
He has given in to my views.他顺从了我的意见。
区分：give up 放弃 I could give up sweets. 我能戒掉甜食。。
give out 分发；（食物，燃料，力量等）用尽
The runner gave out in the middle of the race. 那位赛跑选手跑到一半就筋疲力尽了。 15.attitude n. 态度；看法
He took a friendly attitude to /toward us. 他对我们采取友善的态度。
What is your attitude to this plan? 对于这个计划， 你有什么意见？
16. as usual 照常 He works hard as usual. 他照常辛勤工作。
区分：than usual 较平常（用于比较级之后）
This morning she got up earlier than usual.今天早晨她比平常起得早。
17.reliable a. 可信赖的；可靠的（more-, most-）反：unreliable
a reliable friend 可信赖的朋友 a reliable product 品质可靠的产品
Is the source of the information reliable? 那个消息的来源可靠吗？
18.at midnight 在半夜 Unit 4
1. right away 立刻；马上now,at once, immediately, instantly
2.burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 He burst into the room.他突然闯入房间。 He burst out of the room.他突然冲出房间。
She burst into laughter.=She burst out laughing. 她突然大笑。
She burst into tears. =She burst out crying. 她突然大哭。 3. as if 仿佛；好像=as though
She always talks to me as if she were my sister. 她总是以我妹妹的语气和我说话。
He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他待我犹如陌生人。 4. at an end 结束；终结
5. ruin n. （常用复数形式）废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产
Heavy smoking ruined his health.吸烟过量毁坏了他的健康。
The crops were ruined by the flood.农作物遭洪水毁坏。 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
6.injure vt. 损害；伤害（-s,-d, injuring ）
He was badly injured in the accident.他在那意外事件中受
4
了伤。
injured a. 受伤的；负伤的 区分：wound , hurt, harm hurt 身体疼痛；感情受伤
Be careful not to hurt yourself.=Be careful not to get hurt.小心不要受伤了。
My injured leg still hurts. 我受伤的腿一直疼。 He hurt his feelings. 他伤了她的感情。
wound 多指作战等所受的刀、枪、剑、棍等伤害。 The soldier was badly wounded in the head. 那位士兵头部受重伤。
harm （物质上或精神上的）潜在的伤害。 Smoking will do you a lot of harm.
I harmed my eyes by reading in dim light. 我在昏暗的光线下阅读伤害了眼睛。
7.destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 （-s, -ed, -ing ）
The fire destroyed the whole forest.这场火灾毁坏了整个森林。
All the hopes were destroyed. 所有的希望完全破灭。
8.shock vt.&vi. （使）震惊；震动 n.休克；打击；震惊
那个消息使她震惊。 The news shocked her.
She was shocked at the news.
She was shocked to hear the news.
The news was a great shock to us. 那个消息给我们很大的震撼。
9.rescue n. &vt. 援救；营救(-s, -d, rescuing) rescue sb. from sp.（某地）
The firemen rescued a boy from the burning house.消防队员从着火的房子里就出一个孩子。
10.trap vt. 使陷入困境（-s,trapped, trapping ） n. 陷阱；困境
He fell into a trap. He was caught in a trap. 他中了圈套。 He trapped animals and sold their furs. 他设陷阱捕捉动物并出售毛皮。
trap sb. into doing 诱骗某人做
11.dig out 掘出；发现（-s, dug, dug, digging ）
12.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏（buries, buried, burying ） The dog buried the bone in the ground. 那只狗把骨头埋在地下。
The paper was buried under a pile of books. 那份文件被埋在书堆下。
She buried her face in her hands. 她双手蒙着脸。 be buried in =bury oneself in 埋头于， 专心于 13. a (great) number of 许多；大量的 the number of …的数量
A number of books are bought every day.
The number of books which are bought every day is more than 100. Unit 5
1. quality n. 质量；品质；性质 区分：quantity n. 量 For study, quality is more important than quantity. 就学习而言，质比量重要。
2. active a. 积极的；活跃的（more-, most-） 反义：inactive He is not as active as he was. 他不像以前那么活跃。
an active child 活跃的孩子 an active writer 活跃的作家 3.devote vt. (与to 连用)现身；专心于（-s, -d, devoting ） He devoted his life to promoting world peace.他一生致力于
促进世界和平。
She devoted herself to tennis.她热衷于网球。
devoted a. 忠实的；深爱的 a devoted friend 忠实的朋友
4.out of work 失业 反义： in work He is out of work now. 他现在正失业。
5.vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决
A vote on this matter will be taken at the end of the discussion. 这件事讨论到最后就举行表决。
Now we will vote on this question. 现在对这个问题来投票表决。
vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
They voted for /against the measure. 他们对那项议案投了赞成票/反对票。 vote to do 投票去做
6.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击
We attacked the enemy at dawn. 我们在黎明时袭击敌人。The enemy was attacked at dawn.
make an attack on the enemy 攻击敌人
7.as a matter of fact 事实上 in fact , actually
As a matter of fact, she was responsible for the accident. 实际上，她应对这次事故负责。 8.equal a. 相等的；平等的
It is reasonable to demand equal pay for equal work. 要求同工同酬是合理的。
Tom is equal to John in height. 汤姆和约翰身高相同。 He is equal to carrying out the plan. 他能够实行那项计划。 be equal to 能胜任的
9.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
She is in great trouble, so she needs your advice. 她遭到很大的困难，所以需要你的忠告。
联系：have trouble in doing sth.做…有困难 take the trouble to do 不辞劳苦地做 10.turn to 求助于；致力于
I turned to him for advice. 我请求他给我忠告。 Please turn to page 20. 翻到第20页。
11.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心（loses, lost, lost, losing ） 12.escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露（-s, -d, escaping ） The bird escaped from the cage. 那只鸟逃出鸟笼。
They escaped from /out of a burning building. 他们从着火的建筑物中逃出。
He escaped punishment.= He escaped being punished. 他逃过惩罚（免于惩罚）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e7582186.html,cate vt. 教育；训练（-s, -d, educating ）
It ’s a difficult task to educate children. 教育孩子是件困难的事。
She was educated at Shandong University. 她曾在山大就学。
The child was educated to think clearly. 那个孩子被训练能够思考周密。
an educated person 受过教育的人
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e7582186.html,e to power 当权；上台 （表动作）； in power 当权的 （表状态）
15. beg vi. 请求；祈求 （-s, begged , begging ）
The man begged for money from passers-by. 那男人向过路人要钱。
He lived by begging . 他靠乞讨为生。 I beg a favor of you . 我恳求你帮忙。
He begged his boss for a day off. 他请求老板给他一天假。
beg sb. to do 恳求某人做
16.reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏
He was given a medal as a reward for his service. 他因为有功而获颁一枚奖章。
I will reward you later. 我以后在答谢你。
How can I reward your kindness? 我如何才能报答你的善意呢？
His effort was rewarded with success. 他的辛勤努力换来了成功。was rewarded with 被报偿
区分：award vt. 授予；颁发(-s, -ed, -ing)
award sb. sth. =award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物
The judges awarded the frist prize to her .评委们把头奖授予她。
17. set up 设立；建立
A new government was set up after the civil war. 新政府在内战之后成立了。
18.be sentenced to (to 介词) 被判处…(徒刑)
He was sentenced to death. 他被判处死刑。
19. opinion n. 意见；看法；主张
What’s the opinion of the new president? 你对新总统的看法如何？
Public opinion has changed 舆论改变了。
In one’s opinion 据某人的意见
In my opinion, he is wrong.
Book 2
Unit 1
1. survive vi. 幸免；幸存；生还（-s, -d, surviving）Only one baby survived the terrible car crash. 在那次可怕的撞车事故中只有一个婴儿生还。
Few houses have survived the storm.暴风雨后残留下来的房屋寥寥无几。
survivor n. 幸存者
2.in search of 寻找
He settled in Jinan in search of a better life.为了寻求新生活，他定居在济南。
3.select vt. 挑选；选择（-s, -ed, -ing）
He selected one of his favorite books and read to his children.他选了一本心爱的书念给他的孩子们听。
They selected him to make a speech at the opening ceremony. 他们推选他在开幕式上致辞。selected a. 被挑选出来的；精选的
4.design n. 设计；图案；构思vt. 设计；计划；构思（-s, -ed, -ing）
a design for a dress 衣服的设计 a design for a building 画建筑物的设计图
She designs dresses for the singer. 她为这位歌手设计服装。This house is designed for a large family. 这个房子适合大家庭。打算做…用
5.fancy adj. 奇特的；异样的vt. 想象；设想；爱好(fancies, fancied, fancying)
I had a fancy that he would do something unusual. 我总觉得他会做出不寻常的事来。
I found a house to my fancy. 我找到一栋合自己心意的房子。to one’s fancy 合（某人的）心意
I can’t fancy him as (to be) an English teacher. 我无法想象他教英语会是什么样子。
Fancy George reading such difficult books! 真想不到乔治会看那么难的书！
Fancy his reading such difficult books!
I fancy that I have met her somewhere.我觉得好像在什么地
方见过她。（相当于suppose）
6.decorate v. 装饰；装修（-s, -d, decorating ）
She decorated her room with flowers.她用鲜花装饰她的房子。
Her room is decorated with flowers.
How much will it cost to decorate the house?装修这间房子要花多少钱？
其名词：decoration
7.belong vi. 属于；为……的一员（-s, -ed, -ing）(不用
进行时和被动语态)
The car belongs to mine. 这辆车是我的。
Who does this bag belong to ? 这个提包是谁的？
I belong to the club. 我属于这个俱乐部。
I feel that I don’t belong here. 我觉得在此格格不入。
其名词：belongings (个人的)所有物，财产
8. in return 作为报答；回报+for
If you give me your book, I’ll give you mine in return.你若送我书，我将回赠一本给你。
He didn’t expect anything in return for his help. 他帮助人并不期待任何回报。
return ticket 回程票return trip=round trip 往返旅行
9. at war 出于交战状态+with
At that time our country was at war with Japan. 那时我国正和日本作战。
10.remove vt. 移动；搬动（-s, -d, removing）+from Remove your books from the desk. 把你的书从桌子上拿走。
Remove your books from here to there.
The player was removed from the team. 那个球员被开除了。
11.less than 少于
He works less than he used to . 他不像以前那样努力工作。We have less snow this year than usual. 今年雪比往年少。no less than 简直
It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要求那么多，简直跟抢劫没两样。
不比……差(暗含两者都好)A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。12. doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑vt. 怀疑；不信（-s, -ed, -ing）There is some doubt whether…对于……某事是否持有疑问There is no doubt that…毫无疑问
There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job.
他是不是担任那项工作的最合适人选，有点疑问。There is no doubt that he is the best man for the job. 他是担任那项工作的最合适人选，毫无疑问。
I have some doubt whether…我对……是否存在疑问
I have no doubt that …我对…….无疑问
I have no doubt that he will pass the examination.我确信他
会通过考试。
no/without/beyond/out of doubt 毫无疑问in doubt 不确定的
I doubt if /whether…怀疑是否……
I don’t doubt that …我不怀疑……
I doubt if /whether he will keep his word. 我怀疑他是否会
遵守诺言。
I don’t doubt that our team will win. 我队会获胜是没有疑
问的。
13.worth prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值n. 价值；作
5
用区分：worthy, worthwhile
The book is worth reading.=The book is worthy to be read. =The book is worthy of being read. =It is worthwhile to read the book. =It is worthwhile reading the book. 这本书值得读。
The book is worth 20 yuan. 这本书价值20元。
14.take apart 拆开
Take the machine apart. 把机器拆开。
apart from 除了…….之外
Apart from a few faults, he is a trustworthy student. 除了两三个缺点外，他是一个值得信赖的学生。
15. explode vi. 爆炸（-s, -ed, exploding）
The time bomb exploded but nobody was injured. 定时炸弹爆炸了，但没有人受伤。
其名词：explosion 爆炸
16.sink vi. (sank, sunk;sunk, sunken) 下沉；沉下
Several ships sank in the storm. 在那次暴风雨中有几艘船沉没了。
The moon was sinking behind the mountains. 月亮正往群山背后下沉。
17. think highly of 看重；器重（thought, thought）
I don’t think highly of him because he is an lier. 我对他评价不高，因为他说谎。
Unit 2
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e7582186.html,pete vi. 比赛；竞争（-s, -d, competing）+for/against/with/in
The two teams compete for the championship. 那两支队伍要争夺冠军。
He’s going to compete against/with his old friend in the second round. 第2回合时他将与老友竞争。compete against/with 对抗
Will you compete in the race?你会参加赛跑吗？in 后加项目
其名词：competition 竞争competitor 竞争者
2.take part in 参加；参与与attend, join, join in 区别take part in 参加活动
attend a meeting 参加会议attend the classes 上课attend a party 参加晚会attend a ceremony参加典礼attend school 上学attend church 上教堂
join 加入长期的组织eg. join the army 参军join the club 加入俱乐部
He joined us for dinner. 他与我们共进晚餐。
join in
May I join in your conversation?我可以加入你们的谈话吗？
3.stand for 代表；象征；表示
What does it stand for? 那代表什么？
4. admit vt.&vi. 容许；承认；接纳（-s, admitted, admitting）He admitted his guilt.=He admitted (that) he was guilty. 他承认自己的罪行。
Will you admit having broken the window?=Will you admit (that) you have broken the window? 你承不承认你打破窗户？
2000 students have been admitted to the school. 2000学生准许入学。
5. as well 也；又；还
He sent me a letter and some money as well.他寄给我一封信，外加一些钱。
区分as well as 与……同样好，不比……差
She cooks as well as her mother does. 她烧菜烧得和她的母亲一样好。
as well as 不但……而且
He speaks Spanish as well as English and French. 他不仅会讲英语和法语，也会讲西班牙语。
His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.不但他的妻子，连他的孩子都被邀参加了那次聚会。（注意：主谓一致。谓语与as well as 之前的主语保持一致）
6. host vt. 做东；主办；招待n. 主人
a host country 主办国 a host city ____________
7. replace vt. 取代；替换；代替（-s, -ed,-replacing）He has replaced Mr. Brown as President.他取代布朗先生当了董事长。
The surprise in her face was replaced by joy.她脸上的表情由惊转为喜。
I replaced the old desk with /by new one. 我用新的桌子代
替旧的。
8. charge vt.&vi. 收费；控诉n. 费用；主管（-s, -d, charging）
They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee. 他们一杯咖啡向我索价5美元。
He charged me with being irresponsible. 他谴责我不负责任。
He was charged with bribery. 他被控告收取贿赂。
free of charge 免费的You get service free of charge.你可得到免费的服务。
in charge of 担任……
She is in charge of our class. 她担任我们的班主任。
Our class is in the charge of her.
9.advertise vt. &vi. 做广告；登广告（-s, -d, advertising）
I advertised my car for sale. 我等广告卖车子。
Jobs are advertised in the papers. 在报纸上有招聘广告。He advertised for a job.他登广告谋求一份工作。
其名词：advertisement n. 广告
10. bargain vi. 讨价还价；讲条件n. 便宜货
We made a bargain with the company. 我们与这家公司订立合同。
Let’s make a bargain. If you do my homework, I’ll give you the book. 我们来做个交易吧：你帮我做家庭作业，我给你这本书。
a good bargain 便宜的物品a bad bargain 昂贵的物品The coat is a bargain at such a low price.这外套售价这么低，实在便宜。
He bargained with the shopkeeper over the price.他与老板讲价。
11.one after another 陆续地；一个接一个地
Patients visited his office one after another. 病人一个接一个地拜访他的事务所。
12.deserve vi.&vt. 应受（报答或惩罚）；值得（-s, -d, deserving）
His brave act deserves praise. 他的勇敢行为值得称赞。She deserves the prize. 她应得这个奖。
She deserves to be punished.=She deserves punishment. 她罪有应得。
Your suggestion deserves considering.=Your suggestion deserves to be considered.你的建议值得考虑。
Unit 3
1. solve vt. 解决；解答（-s, -d, solving）其名词：solution 解
决方法
6
solve a problem 解决问题solve a puzzle 解谜
We must solve the crisis. 我们必须解决危机。
2.from …on 从……时起
from now on 从今以后from then on 从那时起from today on __________
3. as a result 结果区分as a result of 因为；由于
He was late as a result of the traffic jam.由于交通堵塞，他迟到了。
The traffic was busy. As a result, he was late. 交通堵塞，因此，他迟到了。
result in 和result from
The accident resulted from his carelessness. 那次事故是因他的疏忽大意引起。
His carelessness resulted in the accident. 他的粗心大意导致了事故。
4.so…that…如此……以致于
It’s so cold that the river has frozen. 天气太冷，池水都结冰了。
I ran so fast that I’d got a pain in my side. 我跑到太快，结果导致侧腹疼痛。
She was so exhausted that she couldn’t eat dinner. 她疲惫得吃不下晚餐。
区分：so that 目的是
I left home at seven so that I could be there on time.
=I left home at seven so as to be there on time.我7点出门，以便能准时到达那里。
5.explore vt. &vi.探索；探测；探究（-s,-d, exploring）We explored the newly discovered island. 我们发现了新探查的岛屿。
They launched rockets to explore space.他们发射火箭以探测太空。
其名词:explorer 探险家
6.anyhow (也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
（用于肯定句）不管怎样；反正
Anyhow, let’s try again.不管怎样，让我们再试一次。
It was raining, but I don’t want to go out anyhow. 正在下雨，反正我也不想出去。
（用于否定句）无论如何
I’ve tried, but I can't open the door anyhow.我已经试过了，但无论如何也打不开门。
7.goal n. 目标；目的；球门；（进球）得分
He kicked the ball into the goal. 他把球踢进球门。
We beat them by three goals to two.我们以3:2 击败他们。achieve/reach one’s goal 达到目标
8.human being 人类
9.signal vi.&vt. 发信号（-s, -ed, -ing）n.信号(-s)
She gave the signal to stop.她发出停止的信号。
The traffic signal wasn’t working.交通信号失灵了。
（动词用法）signal (to) sb. to do 发信号告知某人去做
He signaled (to) the band to start playing.他向乐队示意开始演奏。
She signaled (to) the other girls that everything was all right. 她向其他女孩打信号说一切都顺利。
signal for help 发出信号求救
10.type n. 类型vt.&vi.打字（-s, -d, typing）
The machine is the lastest type.那部机器是最新型的。Please type this letter.请用打字机打这封信。
She types very well.她打字打得很好。
11.in a way 在某种程度上
You are correct in a way.从某方面来说，你是正确的。She is strange in a way. 她有点怪。
区分：in no way 绝不in the way 妨碍某人
Don’t get in my way. 别妨碍我。
make one’s way （辛苦地）前进
They made their way across the river.他们渡河前进。
on the/one’s way 在途中I met Jane on my way home.我在回家途中碰到了简。
12.arise vi.(arises, arose, arisen, arising) 出现；发生+from /out of
Accidents can arise from carelessness.意外事件可能因疏忽引起。
A strong wind arose in the night. 夜里刮起强风。
A mist arose from the lake. 湖上起雾了。
Smoke arose from the chimney.烟从烟囱升起。
区分：rise, raise,arouse
rise vi.(-s,rose,risen, rising)(太阳，月亮等)上升；升起；（东西）上升；上涨
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。The tower rises to a height of 200 meters.那座塔巍然耸立，有200米高。
Prices has risen quickly.物价快速上涨。
The river rose rapidly.河水暴涨。
raise vt.举起；抬起；拿起（-s, -d, raising）
Please raise your hand. 请举手。
She raised the window and let the fresh air in.她把窗子推上去，让新鲜空气进来。
Raise your voice please.提高嗓音。
I was raised by my aunt.我是由我姑姑养育长大的。
Raise enough money for the construction of a school.筹措足够钱建学校。
arouse vt.(把感情、兴趣)唤起，激起；使升起（-s, -d, arousing）
This book aroused my interest in politics.这本书引起我对政治的兴趣。
其中有两个是及物动词，它们是______ ______。
其中有两个是不及物动词，它们是______ ______。
13.with the help of 在……帮助下（不用under代替with）She did the housework very well with the help of her daughter.在她的女儿的帮助下她做好了家务。
14.electronic adj.电子的
electronic mail =E-mail
区分：electric, electrical
electric adj.电动的an electric car 电动汽车,an electric fan 电风扇,电动自行车____________
electrical adj.与电有关的an electrical engineer 电机工程师
15.deal with 处理；安排；对付（-s, dealt, dealt, -ing）
He knows well how to deal with children.他很了解如何与孩子相处。
The man is easy to deal with.那个人好相处。
The problem should be dealt with quickly. 这个问题应及早处理。
16.watch over 看守；监视
Unit 4
1. die out 灭亡；逐渐消失（-s, -d, dying）（风俗习惯等）
消失
die down (火，兴奋，暴风雨，光线等)渐弱渐息
2.hunt vt.&vi.打猎；猎取；搜集（-s, -ed, -ing）hunter 猎
7
人
We’ll go hunting tomorrow.我们明天去狩猎。
They hunted foxes.他们狩猎狐狸。
hunt for a job 找工作hunt for an apartment __________ He is on the hunt for a better job.他在寻找一份更好的工作。
3.in peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
4. in danger (of )在危险中；垂危反义：out of danger
He was sick and in danger of losing his life.他病危有丧失生命的危险。
5.in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one’s relief 使某人安心的是
6.burst into laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来=__________________________
burst into tears =_____________________ 突然闯入房间__________________________
7.protect …from/against 保护……不受……（危害）（-s, -ed,-ing）
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴墨镜以挡强烈的阳光。
区分：keep …from doing, prevent…from doing, stop…from doing防止……做
Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out.她的突然到访使他不能外出。
They prevented the fire from spreading.他们阻止火灾蔓延。
8.contain 包含；容纳；容忍(-s, -ed, -ing)
The bottle contains a lot of water.这个瓶子能盛很多水。
区分：contain, include
虽然都有“包含”的意思，但contain 可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，而include则只能用于表示所含之物的一部分。
The parcel contained a dictionary.那包裹里装的是一本字典。
The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里也包括了一本字典。
9.affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭（-s, -ed, -ing）
The noise from the street affected our work.马路上的噪音影响了我们的工作。
The story affected us deeply.这个故事深深地打动了我们。降雨量会影响作物的生长吗？
Does the amount of rain _____ the growth of the crops?
10.pay attention to 注意（to 是介词）
He didn’t pay attention to the spelling.=He paid no attention to the spelling.他不注意拼写。
No attention was paid to the spelling.(被动)
11.appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到(-s, -d, appreciating) 其名词：appreciation
He appreciates your talents.他赏识你的才能。
I greatly appreciate your help.我很感激你的帮助。（appreciate不用人做宾语）
12.succeed vi. 成功vt.接替；继任（-s, -ed, -ing）其名词：success
He succeeded in passing the exam.他考试及格了。
He will succeed his father as manager of the shop. 他将接替他的父亲担任商店经理。
13.employ vt. 雇佣；利用（时间，精力等）（-s, -ed, -ing ）He employed a girl as a typist.他雇佣一个女孩当打字员。She is employed as a typist in a bank..她受雇在银行当打字员。
She employs most of her time in reading.她大部分时间花在
阅读上。
employ oneself in =be employed in 从事，忙于
She was busily employed in preparing dinner for five guests.
她忙着为五位客人做晚饭。
联想：be busy with, be busy in doing, be devoted to doing , focus your attention on, pay attention to doing, be buried in , concentrate on
14.harm n. & vt.损害；危害（-s, -ed, -ing）
I meant no harm. 我那样说或做并无恶意。
There is no harm in calling him.给他打电话并无坏处（也许有好处）。
do harm to =do …harm对……有害处
Too much drinking will do you a lot of harm.过量饮酒非常有害。
I harmed my eyes by reading in dim light.我在昏暗的光线
下阅读伤害了眼睛。
拓展；harmful adj.有害的be harmful to对……有害Your smoking will be harmful to yourself.
harmless adj.无害的be harmless to 对……无害
15.bite vt.&vi.(-s, bit, bitten, biting)咬；叮，刺痛
The dog bit the thief in the leg.那只狗咬了小偷的脚。
I was badly bitten by mosquitoes.我被蚊子叮惨了。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e7582186.html,e into being 形成；产生come into use 开始使用come into force 开始实施
come into flower 正在开花come into action _______________
The new law came into force.新法令已经实施。
17.inspect vt.检查；视察（-s, -ed, -ing）其名词：inspection You should inspect the car well before you buy it.买车之前应该详细地检查一遍。
The Minister of Education inspected our school.教育部长视察了我们学校。
18.according to 按照；根据……所说
According to the TV, it will be fine today.根据电视报道，今天会是个晴天。
I’ll do it according to your instructions.我会照你的指示做。
19.so that 以致于；结果（口语中that 常被省略）
I slept well, so that I felt much better afterward.我睡了一个
好觉，随后感觉好多了。
Unit 5
1.roll vt.&vi.滚动；（使）摇摆n.摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包
圈（-s, -ed, -ing）
The ball rolled across the road.球滚到马路对面去了。
The car rolled was rolling along smoothly.车子平稳前进。She rolled up her umbrella.她把伞卷起来。
名词： a roll of film 一卷胶卷 a roll of toilet paper 一卷卫生纸
2.dream of 梦见；梦想；设想（-s, -ed, -ing ）(-s, -t, -t, -ing)
I often dreamed of becoming a scientist.我时常梦想成为科
学家。
3.to be honest (with you)说实在地；实话说(通常置于句首)
拓展：to be frank 坦率地说to tell the truth 说实话
4. attach vt.&vi.系上；缚上；附加；连接（-es, -ed, -ing）+to
I attached a lamp to a bicycle.我在自行车上装灯。
She attached a stamp to the envelope.她在信封上贴邮票。The school is attached to the university.这所学校附属于这所大学。
The school_________to the university is very famous.
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It is unwise to attach too much importance to the information.过度重视那个信息是不明智的。
He is deeply attached to the old typewriter.他非常爱惜那台旧打字机。
5.form vt.(使)组成；形成；构成（-s, -ed, -ing）
form a good habit 养成好习惯
He formed a class for beginners.他建立了一个初学班。Group activities help to form a child’s character.团体活动对孩子的性格形成有帮助。
6.earn vt.赚；挣得；获得（-s, -ed, -ing）
He earns his living by teaching at a language school.他在语言学校教书以维持生计。
Do you know how much he earns a month?你知道他一个月赚多少钱吗？
She is young, but she earns a good salary.她虽年轻却赚的高薪。
7.perform vt.&vi.表演；履行；执行（-s, -ed, -ing）其名词：performance 表演；演奏
The play will be performed at six.这部剧6点上演。
The doctor was performing a dangerous operation.医生正在施行一项危险的手术。
perform an experiment 做实验perform one’s promise 履行诺言
8.in cash 用现金；用现钱pay in cash 用现金支付Cash or charge?付现还是记账？
9.play jokes on sb.戏弄=play a joke on sb.
10.rely vi.依赖；依靠（-relies, relied, relying）+on/upon You may not rely on the weather report.天气预报不足为信。You can rely on him.=He can be relied on.你可以信任他。You may rely on him coming on time.（him可改用his）他一定准时来到。（你可以信任他）
11.be/get familiar with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来
He is familiar with the plant.=The plant is familiar to him.他熟悉这种植物。
12.or so 大约 a week or so 大约一个星期
It costs 10 dollars or so.那值10美元左右。
13.break up 打碎；分裂；解体(-s, broke, broken, -ing) Their marriage broke up.他们的婚姻解体了。
What broke up their friendship？是什么破坏了他们的友情呢？
区分：break down (机器等)坏掉；（身体等）垮掉
The car broke down on her way home.在回家路上车抛锚了。
You will break down if you work too hard.你工作过度会损失身体。
break out（火灾，战争等）突然发生；爆发
Fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚附近发生火灾。
14.in addition 另外；也
There is a lake and , in addition, there is an forest.有一片湖，另外，有一片森林。
区分：in addition to 除了，相当于besides,as well as
He speaks French in addition to English.他除了英语也会讲法语。
15.sort out 分类（-s, -ed, -ing）
The cupboards need sorting out.橱柜该整理一下了。
16.above all 最重要；首先
A clock must be above all correct.时钟最重要的是必须要准
确。
Above all, make sure you keep in touch.最要紧的是你们一定要保持联系。
Book 3
Unit 1
1. take place 发生(通常用于预先决定的事；―突然发生‖用happen).
昨天举行了比赛。The contest took place yesterday.
济南发生了巨大的变化。Great changes took place in Jinan.
那事故发生在拐弯处。The accident happened at the corner.
2. religious adj. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的
a religious book religious education
lead a religious life 过着虔诚的宗教生活 a religious Christian 虔诚的基督徒
religion – religious –religiously
3. in memory of 纪念；追念
这家图书馆是为了纪念那位科学家而建的。The library was built in memory of the scientist.
4.belief n. 信任；信心；信仰
My belief is that we will win the game.我确信我们会赢得这场比赛。
Nothing will shake her belief in ghosts.她深信有鬼，任凭什么也改变不了她的想法。
Her belief in God is very firm.她对神的信仰很坚定。
她非常信任那位律师。(have belief in ) She has great belief in the lawyer.
难以置信的beyond belief belief --believe
5.dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰
We dressed up for the wedding. 我们为参加婚礼而盛装打扮。
6.trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.欺骗；诈骗
I haven’t got the trick of driving this car yet. 我还没有掌握
开这部车的诀窍。
Trick or treat! (美) 不请吃糖，就恶作剧。万圣节前夕halloween,孩子们依习俗挨户去要糖果所说的话。
I’ve been tricked.我被骗了。
7.play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
他们过去常常捉弄我们。They used to play tricks on us.
8.gain vt.获得；得到
He gained wealth through foreign trade. 他从对外贸易中赚到财富。
He’s gained the respect of his friends. 他得到了朋友的尊敬。
获得经验gain experience
我从以前的经验中学到很多东西。I gained a lot from my former experiences.
不劳无获；一分耕耘，一分收获。No pains, no gains. No gains without pains.
9.gather vt.&vi.&n.搜集；集合；聚集(-s, -ed, -ing)
The manager gathered all the players.经理召集全体选手。
群众聚集起来听音乐会。People gathered for the concert.
车加速了。The car gained speed. The car gathered speed.
积累经验gain experience gather experience
10.award n. 奖；奖品vt. 授予；判定(-s, -ed, -ing) award sth. to sb.=award sb. sth.
评审委员把头奖授予她。The judges awarded the first prize to her.
The judges awarded her the first prize.
优胜者获颁一面金牌。（被动）The winner was awarded a
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gold medal.
A gold medal was awarded to the winner.
award & reward
reward n. 报酬；酬谢
He was given a medal as a reward for his service.作为回报reward sb. with sth. for sth. 我会送书来酬谢你的帮助。
I will reward you with books for your help.
11.admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕(-s, -d,admiring)
I admire his new car. 我羡慕他的新车。
I admire him for his honest. 我钦佩他的诚实。
12.look forward to 期望；期待；盼望
They were looking forward to the summer vacation.他们正盼望着暑假来临。
我盼望与你见面。I am looking forward to seeing you. 13.day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
day and night =night and day=all day and all night
工人们日夜工作。The workers work day and night. 14.as though 好像=as if
She always talks to me as if she were my sister.她总是以我姐姐的语气说话。
看起来我们会迟到。（It looks as if) It looks as if we’ll be late.
15.have fun with 玩得开心
和家人玩得开心。Have fun with your family.
16.permission n. 许可；允许
请求许可ask for permission 未经许可without permission 他未经许可就进入房间。He entered the room without permission.
老师允许我早点回家。The teacher gave me permission to go home early.
The teacher permitted me to go home early.
17.turn up 出现；到场
The key you lost has turned up.你丢失的钥匙已经找到。
她未出现。She didn’t turn up.
18.keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言
她信守了她的诺言。She kept her word.
19.hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来at a breath 一口气地
out of breath 喘不过气来save one’s breath 不要白费唇舌
take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊
20.apologize vi.道歉；辩白
apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉他为遗失我的书而向我道歉。
He apologized to me for losing my book. He made an apology to me for losing my book.
21.obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的(more-,most-)
He told me an obvious lie.(明显的谎言)
显然，他没有亲自去做。(it is obvious that….) It is obvious that he didn’t do it h imself.
22.set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
set off for work 动身上班set off on a trip 踏上旅程
set off the fire alarm 触动火警
23.remind vt. 提醒；使想起（-s, -ed, -ing)
他让我想起了他的父亲。He reminded me of his father. 我被提醒不要忘了自己的诺言。I was reminded of my promise.
记得提醒我邮寄这封信。Remind me to mail the letter.
我提醒他要用功。I reminded him to work hard.
Unit 2
1.diet n. 日常饮食vi. 节食
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 a healthy diet 健康饮食
She is on a low-fat diet. 她正在接受低脂肪的饮食疗法。
go on a diet 节食
2. balance vt.平衡；权衡n. 天平；平衡
There is a nice balance between work and play in his life. 他把生活中的工作和娱乐平衡地很好。Weigh it on /in the balance. 把它放在天平上称称看。 a spring balance 弹簧秤
The two boys kept the seesaw in balance. 那两个孩子让跷跷板保持平衡。
keep one’s balance 保持平衡；镇定
He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall. 他在墙上用双臂保持平衡。
lose one’s balance 失去平衡；慌乱
（-s, -d, ancing）
He can balance a hall on his finger.他能把球稳放在手指上。
She balanced herself on one foot. 她用一只脚站立。
Be sure to balance play with work.=Be sure that the play and work balance.
3. fry vt.&vi. 油煎；油炸(fries, fried, frying)
Can you fry fish?你会煎鱼吗？
4. ought v. aux. 应当；应该ought to应当；应该
You ought to be punctual.你应该守时。
He ought not (oughtn’t) to drink too much. 他不应该喝太多酒。
-- ―Ought I to go there alone?‖–―Yes, you ought (to).‖
--―我必须自己去哪里吗？‖–―是的，必须。‖(为了避免冲突，动词和to 可省)
He ought to have worked harder. 他应该更努力学习的。（对该做而未做的事表示后悔，责备）
5. lose weight 体重减轻；减肥lose –lost-lost 反义词组：
put on weight, gain weight
6.raw adj. 生的；未加工的(-er, -est)
raw fish 生鱼 a raw egg 生蛋raw meat 生肉raw materials 原材料
7.get away with 被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚（不可用被
动）
He got away with telling lies. 他说谎未受惩罚。
8.tell a lie/ tell lies说谎反义词组：tell the truth to tell
the truth 老实说（通常置于句首）
9.win…back 赢回；重新获得win -wins–won-won -winning
win back one’s reputation 赢回名声win back the customers 赢回顾客
10. strength n. 强项；长处；力量
a man of great strength 力气很大的人strength of will 意
志力
He got his strength back slowly after his illness.他病后慢慢恢复了体力。
She doesn’t have enough strength to walk upstairs.她没有足够的力气走上楼梯。
Chinese is his strength.擅长中文是他的强项。
strong-strength-strengthen
11.consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量(-s,-ed, -ing)
You had better consult the doctor about the illness. 你最好去咨询医生关于你的病情。
He consulted with his business partners about the matter. 他
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与事业合伙人商议这件事。
He consulted a dictionary for the meaning of a word . 他查词典寻找某词的词义。
12. earn one’s living =make a living谋生(-s, -ed, -ing)
He earns his living by teaching at a language school.
13.debt n. 债；债务in debt 欠债
I must pay a debt of $200 to him.我必须还他200美元借款。the national debt 国债
He was always in debt when he was young.他年轻时，经常欠债。
I am in debt to him for all his help to me. 对于他的种种帮助，我欠他一份人情。
be/get out of debt 还清欠债get /run/fall into debt 借债14.limit vt. (-s, -ed, -ing)限制；限定n. 界限；限度
The task is too much for me. I know my limits.那工作对我来说太吃力了，我知道能力有限。
His patience reached its limit. 他的忍耐已经到了极限。
a speed limit of 30 miles per hour 时速30英里的限速Japan limits the import of oranges.日本限制橙的进口。15. benefit n.（-s）利益；好处vt. & vi. (-s, -ed, -ing) 有益于；有助于；受益
I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language.从学习外语中我得到许多益处。
be of benefit to 对……有裨益That experience was of great benefit to me.那个经验对我有好处。
The new hospital benefited us. 那家新医院让我们受益。
I benefited from my father’s advice.我从父亲的忠告中获益。
16. combine vt. &vi. (使) 联合；（使）结合（-s, -d, -bining）combine work with pleasure 将娱乐与工作结合起来。
Is it possible to combine the two parties?那两党有没有合并的可能？
17. cut down 削减；删节
The apple tree was dead and he cut it down.那棵苹果树枯死了，所以他把它砍掉。
The car industry cut down production.汽车制造业缩减了生产量。
We can’t cut down our expenses any more.我们不能再削减费用了。
I didn’t stop drinking, but at least I tried to cut it down.虽然我没戒酒，但至少我已少喝一些了。
I managed to cut the shopkeeper down to $100 for the watch. 我跟店主杀价，以100$美元买下手表。cut down on smoking 减少吸烟量
If you want to lose weight, cut down on the amount of food you eat.如果你想减肥，就少吃一点。
18. before long 不久之后
He’ll be back before long.不久他就会回来。The fog will lift before long.不久雾会消散。
Cf. long before 很久以前
It was long before we knew what was wrong with our plan.费了相当时间才知道我们的计划错在哪里。It won’t be long before you get well.你不久就会康复的。
19. put on weight 增加体重
Unit 3
1.bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出bring-brought-brought She has brought up three children.她抚养了三个孩子。
We were brought up to respect the old .我们从小被教导要尊重老人。
His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.他的新议案在会议上被提出。
2.scene n. (喜剧)一场；现场；场面；景色（-s）
They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident. 他们火速赶往现场。
a beautiful scene from the top of the mountain 自山顶远眺
的美丽景色
The night scene in Honolulu was quite fantastic.檀香山的夜景极佳。
The last scene of the play was very impressive.那出戏的最后场面非常令人感动。
on the scene 在现场behind the scenes 在幕后地，秘密地；暗中
3. permit vt. &vi.(-s, -tted, -tting) 许可；允许；准许n. 通
行证；许可证；执照
Smoking is permitted in this room. 在这间房间里能吸烟。
The teacher didn’t permit us to swim in this river.老师不允许我们在这条河里游泳。
The policeman permitted him to park there.=The policeman permitted his parking there.警察允许他在哪里停车。
I’ll go to meet you, if time permits.= I’ll go to meet you, time permitting.(独立主格结构)
如果有时间，我会去接你。
天气允许，我们明天出发。
_________________________________________________ __
4. go ahead 前进；（用于祈使句）可以；往下说
go ahead with on e’s plan 进行计划Go ahead and tell us.
请告诉我们吧。
Go ahead, please.请开始吧；先请（劝别人多吃，让别人先走时的说法）
5. by accident 偶然；无意中；不小心
I met her by accident in a crowded bus.我意外地在拥挤的公
共汽车上遇到她。
6. stare vi. （-s, -d, staring）凝视；盯着看stare at 盯
着看；凝视
The policeman stared at me suspiciously.那个警察用猜疑的眼光瞪着我看。
Cf. glare at 怒目而视glance at 瞥一眼
She glared at the rude waiter.她生气地看着那个粗鲁的侍者。
The old man glanced at the boy.那老人看了男孩一眼。
7. spot vt. （-s, -tted, -tting）发现；认出n. 斑点；污
点；地点
a white dress with red spots 白底红点的服装
on the spot 当场；在现场
If you become noisy, you must leave on the spot.如果你吵闹，你就必须立刻离开。
He spotted the desk with ink.他用墨水弄脏了书桌。
The mud spotted the window. 泥溅脏了窗子。
I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall.因
为他个子非常高，我在人群中很快认出了他。
8. account vi. &vt. 认为；说明；总计有n. 说明；理由；
计算；账目
on account of 为……的缘故The trains were delayed on account of snow.火车因下雪而延误了。
account for 导致；做出解释
How can you account for the accident? 你如何说明这个事故？
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Her headache accounts for her bad temper.头痛是她情绪不佳的原因。
9. seek vt. &vi. 寻找；探索；寻求（-s, sought, sought, seeking）
He found it worthless to seek fame. 他发现追求名声是不值得的。
We must seek a solution to the problem. 我们必须寻求解决问题的办法
be much sought after 非常抢手，各方面抢着要
The book is much sought after these days.最近这本书很抢手。
10.contrary n. 反面；对立面adj. 相反的；相违的
My opinion is contrary to yours.我的看法与你的相反。Contrary to his doctor’s advice, he went swimming.他不听医生的忠告，跑去游泳。
on the contrary 与此相反；正相反（说明与前面事物相反时使用）
-- “I’m sure you like your new job.‖–― On the contrary, it’s dull.‖
“我想你一定喜欢新工作。”“正好相反，新工作很乏味。”
11.take a chance =take chances冒险take a chance to do 冒险做某事
12. in rags 衣衫褴褛the beggar was dressed in rags.那乞丐衣衫褴褛。
13.indeed adv. 真正地；确实；实在
He is indeed a man of great talent. 他实在是一个极有才能的人。
I’m indeed very glad to hear the news. 我真的很高兴听到这个消息。
Indeed he is poor, but he is happy.（后面长接but引导的句子）他虽然一贫如洗，但是他仍然很快乐。
14. as for 关于；至于
We all passed the examination, but as for him, he alone failed.我们都及格了，但至于他，只有他一个人不及格。
I enjoy going to the movies. But as for the theater, I prefer staying at home.我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁愿留在家里。
Unit 4
1.system n. 系统；体系；制度
a system of government 政治制度 a system of law 法律体系
Our company is planning to introduce the fiveday week system.我们公司正在计划引进五天工作制。
2.theory n. 学说；理论（theories）
Darwin’s theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论the theory of relativity 相对论
in theory 理论上in practice 实际上
The policy seems good in theory, but some people doubt if it’ll work in practice.那政策理论上可以，但是有人怀疑实际上是否行得通。
3.violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的（more-, most-）
A violent storm 狂风暴雨I have a violent toothache.我牙疼得厉害。violently adv.
4.in time 及时；终于I was just in time for the flight.我刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。
She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她会来得及回来准备晚餐。
I will see him in time. 总有一天我会遇到他。
5. unlike prep. 不同；不像（more-, most-）
The twins are unlike in character. 那对双胞胎个性不同。
Unlike her brother, she is diligent. 和她兄弟不同，她很勤奋。
It is unlike him to say so. 讲那种话，实在不像他。
6. harmful adj. 有害的（more-, most-）
a harmful insect 害虫
Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.
你吸烟会危害到孩子的健康。
harm –harmless --harmlessly—harmful --harmfully -- harmfulness-- harmlessness
the relevant phrases: do harm to , be harmful to , be harmless to
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e7582186.html,y eggs 下蛋（-s, laid, laid, laying）
Birds, fishes and insects lay eggs.鸟，鱼，昆虫会产卵。
Our hens laid a lot of eggs. 我们家的母鸡下了很多蛋。
8. exist vi. 存在；生存（-s, -ed, -ing）
Don’t be silly. Such a thing doesn’t exist.别傻了，这种东西是不存在的。
Some people believe the Devil exists. 有些人相信确实有恶魔存在。
Fish cannot exist out of water.鱼离开水就不能活。
They exist on very little money/food. 他们靠很少的钱/食品过日子。
9. give birth to 产生；分娩（gives-give-gave-given-giving）
The mother gave birth to a baby boy.那位母亲生了一个男孩。
The great writer gave birth to a book/ 那位作家出了一本书。
10. in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
11.prevent …from 阻止；制止（-s, -ed, -ing）
Rain prevented the game. 下雨使比赛无法进行。
We should do our best to prevent accidents.我们应当尽力阻止事故发生。
prevent…from 妨碍……做
Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out. 她突然来到，使他不能外出。
The firefighters prevented the fire from spreading.消防员阻止了火势蔓延。
The relevant phrases: stop…from, keep…from, 区分：protect …from 保护……免于
12. puzzle n. 谜；难题vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；（使）为难(-s,
-d, puzzling)
It’s quite a puzzle to us why he did that. 他为何那样做，我完全搞不懂。
The sentence puzzles me. 这个句子让我感到困惑。
I was puzzled how to handle the situation.我不知道怎样处
理那种状况才好。
He puzzled all day over the problem, but he didn’t solve it .
他整天思考那个问题，但未能解决。
be in a puzzle 感到困惑puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzlement n. 迷惑
13. pull n. & vt. 拉（力）；拖；牵引力(-s, -ed, -ing) 反义：
push
If you want something, pull this cord.如果你需要什么，拉这根绳。
have a tooth pulled out 请（医生）拔掉牙
This kind of carrot won’t pull easily.这种胡萝卜不容易拔。
14. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋（-s, -ed, -ing）
Oh, come on – cheer up! 噢，得了，高兴起来吧！
12
Give Mary a call;she needs cheering up.给玛丽打个电话，她需要鼓励。
15. now that 既然
Now that I’ve seen how he lives, I know why he needs so much money.
看过了他的生活状况，我现在才知道他为什么需要那么多钱。
16.break out 突发；（火灾，疾病，战争等）爆发（break –broke –broken）
Fire broke out in the neighborhood last night. 昨晚附近发生火灾。
17. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防(-es, -ed, -ing) Watch out! the road is wet. 小心！路面湿滑。
watch out for cars 注意汽车
Unit 5
1.rather than 与其；不愿
I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame.我认为该受责备的是汤姆，而不是你。
I would rather stay at home than go out.我宁可呆在家里，不想出去。
2.chat vi.&n. 聊天；闲聊（-s, -tted, -tting）
I had a long chat with him. 我和他聊了很久。
They were chatting away in the restaurant.他们在餐厅里聊天。
3. surround vt. &vi. 包围；围绕（-s, -ed, -ing）
The wall surrounds the school.=The school is surrounded with /by the wall.那所学校由围墙围着。surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
4.measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定(-s, -d, measuring) n. 计量制；计量单位；措施
The tailor measured me for a suit. 裁缝师量我的尺寸做西装。
They took strong measures against air pollution.他们采取强力措施治理空气污染。
take measures to do 采取措施做某事
5. settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
The teachers tried to settle the students down.老师们让学生平静下来。
He settled down in his hometown.他在家乡定居下来。
6. manage to do 设法做（成功做）
The box was heavy but he managed to carry it.那箱子很重，但是他设法搬走了。
区分：try to do 努力做（不强调成功与否）
--Can I give you a hand? 让我来帮助你吧？
--No, thank you anyway. I can manage to do it. 不用，谢谢。我能行。
7. catch sight of 看见；瞥见（catch-caught-caught）
I caught sight of her in the crowd.我在人群中看到了她。
8. have a gift for 对……. 有天赋
have a gift for music/ painting 有音乐/绘画天赋
9. within prep. 在……之内
within a week/ a month/ a year 一周/一月/一年之内
We have to live within our income.我们生活应该量入为出。It wasn’t within my power to help her.帮助她并非我力所能及之事。
10. border n. 边界；国界；边沿vt. &vi.(-s, -ed, -ing) 与……接壤；接近
They crossed the French border.他们越过法国边境。France borders Germany.法国与德国接壤。on the border
of 接近；临近
11. mix vt. &vi. 混合；调配(--es, -ed, -ing)
She mixed flour and milk together.她把面粉和牛奶混合起来。
He mixed red paint with yellow paint to make orange paint.
他把红色涂料和黄色涂料来制成橙色涂料。
mixture n. 混合（物）；混合状态a mixture of eggs, flour and milk 蛋，面粉和牛奶的混合物。
12.confirm vt. 证实；证明；批准(-s, -ed, -ing)
The experiment confirmed his theory. 那实验印证了他的理论。
The President confirmed that he would visit France the following month.总统证实他将于下个月访问法国。
13. distance n. 距离；远方in the distance 在远处
What’s the distance from A to B? A 和B 之间的距离是多少？
I saw some smoke at a distance. 我看到远处有烟。
14.nearby adv. 在附近adj. 附近的；邻近的
a nearby town = a town nearby 附近的城镇My parents live
nearby.我父母住在附近。
We went out and dined in a nearby restaurant.我们出去到附近的餐馆吃饭。
15. tradition n. 传统；风俗
follow tradition 遵循传统break tradition 打破传统
It’s a tradition in the family for the eldest sons to become a doctor.
长子当医生是那个家族的传统。traditional adj.传统的
16. impress vt. 使印象深刻；使铭记（-es, -ed, -ing ）
The book impressed a lot of people. 那本书给很多人留下了深刻的印象。
I was deeply impressed by /at/with his speech. 他的演说给
我留下了深刻的印象。
My father impressed on me the importance of work.=My father impressed me with the importance of work.父亲要我铭记工作的重要性。
Book 4
Unit 1
1.human being 人
代表可数名词)
人类
2.campaign n. (-s) 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动
+for/against 支持……的/反对……的
+to do run a campaign to prevent a new airport (from ) being built 展开阻止建设新机场的运动
start a campaign against smoking 发起禁烟运动
3.behave vt. &vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现（-s, -d,
behaving）
behave like a gentleman 举止像绅士
She behaved well.她表现很好。
behave oneself 举止得体well-behaved 表现很好的
bad-behaved 表现很糟的
behavior /behaviour
She is pleased with her child’s good behaviour.她对孩子
的良好表现感到欣慰。
I can’t stand her rude behavior. 我无法忍受她的粗鲁行
为。
4. shade (-s) n. 荫；阴凉处vt. 遮住光线
Let’s sit in the shade.让我们坐在阴凉处吧。
The old tree provided a pleasant shade for people. 老树给我们提供了舒适的乘凉场所。
13
（-s, -d, shading）
The building shades our house.那栋大楼遮挡了我们家的光线。
She lowered her hat to shade her eyes.她拉低帽子以遮眼睛。
比较：shade/shadow
shade 指阳光照不到的背阴处。
shadow 指挡住光线所造成的轮廓不清的影子，如人影。She is afraid of her own shadow.她害怕自己的影子。
5. move off 离开；启程；出发(-s, -d, moving)
We followed as they moved off.
6. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守（-s, -d, observing）observe stars 观测星星
observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则observe good manners 遵守礼仪
observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞observe traditional customs 庆祝传统风俗
observe sb. doing /do 注意到……在做
His neighbor observed a stranger going/go into his house.他的邻居看到一个陌生人进了他家。
observe sb. do 主动sb. is observed to do 被动eg. He has been observed to cheat in the exam.他被发现考试作弊。
相同用法(指主动时去to, 被动时加to )有：五看（see, watch, look at, observe, notice）两听(listen to, hear)三使(make, have , let)一感觉(feel)
7. respect vt. &n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意
n. (-s) He has great respect for scientists.他对科学家非常尊敬。
We have been told to show respect for our elders.我们被教导要尊重长辈。
v.(-s, -ed, -ing ) We respect him as a great leader for his achievements.因为他的功绩，我们尊重他为我们的领袖。Compare: respectable , respectful, respective
respectable a. 值得尊敬的；高尚的
They are poor, but respectable.他们虽然穷但却正派。respectful a. 表示敬意的to/toward
Be more respectful to your elders.对长辈要更努力一些。respective a. 各自的
The children have their respective future dreams.孩子们各自有自己未来的梦想。
8.argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论（-s, -d, arguing）n. argument
Phrases:①argue with sb. about /over sth.
He argued with the taxi driver about the fare. 他就车费与出租车司机发生了争执。
②argue for /against 支持/反对
He argued for /against the five –day week.他据理支持/反对一周五天工作制。
③argue sb. into doing 说服某人做argue sb. out of doing 说服某人不做
I argued her into (out of) buying a new car.
9. lead a …life 过着……的生活(-s, led, led, leading)
lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活lead a comfortable life 过着舒适的生活
10．crowd n. 人群；观众vt. 挤满；使拥挤
考点：①主谓一致：The crowd was (were) waiting for the actress to come.
一群人在等待那位女演员来。（◆强调个体时，视为复
数）。
② a crowd =crowds of 一大群…, 很多
a crowd of people =crowds of people 一大群人
③v. Shoppers crowded the shop.(主动)
The shop was crowded with shoppers.(被动)
④crowd in （想法、问题等）涌入脑海
The ideas crowded in on him. 很多主意涌入脑海。
⑤crowd into 涌入My friends crowded into the classroom.
我的朋友拥入教室。
⑥crowded a. 拥挤的 a crowded train 拥挤的火车
a store crowded with shoppers.挤满顾客的商店。
11. support n. &vt.支持；拥护(-s. –ed, -ing)
Tom was supported by his friends on either side.Tom两侧都有朋友扶着。
I don’t support his opinion. 我不支持他的观点。
He supports a large family. 他供养一大家人。
in support of 支持…,拥护…
supporter n. 支持者supportive a. 支持的
12. look down upon /on 蔑视；瞧不起
He never looked down on others.他从不看不起别人。
Cf. look down at , look up at, look down on/upon, look up to
13. refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考（-s, referred, referred,
referring）
refer to a dictionary 查阅词典refer to his notes 参考笔记The article referred to three people who helped save the woman.那篇文章提及了挽救那位女士的三个人。
14. by chance 碰巧；凑巧cf. by accident on purpose
by design
I saw the man by chance.
15. come across （偶然）遇见；碰见
He came across his favorite book.
16. intend vt. 计划；打算(-s., -ed, -ed, -ing)
①intend to do 打算做
He intends to study abroad next year. = He intends studying abroad next year.
②intend that –clause 用虚拟，should do
They intend that the plan (should) be put into practice within the year.
=They intend the plan to be put into practice within the year.
他们打算在年内实行该计划。
③be intended for 原意要；意指…(通常用被动)
This book is intended fro children.这本书是给孩子们用的。
17. deliver vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说
等）（-s, -ed, -ed, -ing）
deliver a speech 发表演说deliver the book to sb.
have the book delivered “使书被递送”结构：have +宾语+宾补
The doctor managed to deliver the baby safely.医生顺利接生了那个婴儿。
The baby was delivered by the doctor.
She was delivered of a healthy baby. 她产下了一个健康的婴儿。（口语用give birth to ）
18. carry on 继续；坚持
Please carry on with your work while I am away.我外出期间请继续做你的工作。
She carried on talking as if nothing had happened.她继续谈话好像什么事情也没发生。（虚拟）
unit 2
14
15
1.struggle vi.& n . 斗争；拼搏；努力（-s, -d, 去e +ing ） struggle with / struggle against / struggle for /struggle to do He has been struggling to succeed in his business.他一直奋斗，最终生意成功。
He has been struggling with /against illness for many years. 他和疾病抗争很多年了。 We struggled through the crowd.我们从人群中挤过去。
n. (-s) the struggle for existence 生存竞争
暴力斗争
Don’t give up without a struggle.2. expand vt. &vi. 使变大；伸展 （-s, -ed, -ing ）
A balloon expands as it is filled with air.膨胀。
Metals expand when they are heated.金属遇热会延展。
Expand business 扩展业务 3. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为Thanks to the good weather, we had a great picnic. 幸亏天气好，我们野餐很棒。
It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.（强调句）多亏了他的建议，我成功了。
I was late, thanks to the traffic. 由于交通阻塞，我迟到了。 4. rid vt. 摆脱； 除去 (-s, rid , rid , ridding)
I tried various ways to rid the kitchen of cockroaches. You should rid yourself of the smoking habit. rid …of …
rid the world of famine 使世界摆脱饥饿 rid the house of mice 使房子里没有老鼠
be rid of …摆脱（麻烦的东西） get rid of 摆脱（麻烦的东西）
I’m very glad to be rid of my bad cold. 5. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
I was not satisfied with the result. 我对结果不满意。 be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意
He was satisfied to win the race.他很满意赢得比赛。 satisfied vs satisfying
a _____________ customer 满意的顾客 a ______________ answer 满意的回答 6.would rather 宁愿；宁可 would rather do than do _______________________________ would do rather than do_______________________________ prefer to do rather than do_______________________________
prefer doing to doing_______________________________ I would rather stay home when the weather is bad.天气不好时，我宁愿呆在家里。
I’d much rather see my children playing with wooden toys than with computer games.(强调would rather 时可用much 或far)
Would you rather go swimming in the sea than in a pool? 7.therefore adv.因此；所以；因而（置于句首，句中）（比so 更正式， 表示由前述内容推理出）
The player got seriously injured and was therefore transported to a hospital.
8.export vt.&vi. 输出；出口(-s, -ed, -ing) the opposite: import
India exports tea and cotton to many different countries. This company has a large home market, but doesn’t export.
9.regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n.遗憾；懊悔（-s, -tted, -tting ） I regret his retirement.
I regret being unable to come today.
I regret that I cannot come today.(更婉转)
We regret that you have to sell your house.他对自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。
He regretted his carelessness. He regretted having been careless. I regret to 很遗憾（比I’m sorry to say that… 更为正
很遗憾我I regret to say 不能帮你。
I felt regret at /over her absence.
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
to one’s regret 让（某人）感到遗憾的是 To my regret, I cannot attend the party.
Similar phrases: to one’s surprise, to one’s amusement 10. build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
Build up one’s fortune 积累财富 build up a powerful army 建立一支强大军队
You need rest to build up your strength after your illness.你需要休息恢复体力。
11. lead to 导致；造成（后果）
The discovery of atomic energy has led to benefits and disasters. 原子能的发现带来了好处同时也有灾难。 All roads lead to Rome. __________________________ Similar phrases: result from , result into, account for
12. focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦 （-es, -ed, -ing ） n. adjust the focus of the binoculars 调整双筒望远镜的焦点 the focus of attention 注目的焦点 the focus of the argument 讨论的焦点
bring sth. into focus 使……明确
in focus 焦点对准的，清晰的 out of focus 焦点未对准的，不清晰的
The photo was out of focus(wasn’t in focus).这张照片不清晰。
I focused the camera on her.
We must focus our attention on the urgent problems.我们必须把我们的精力放在要紧的事情上。
Try to focus on your studies.努力集中精力学习。 13.reduce vt. 减少；缩减 (-s, -d, 去e +ing )
reduce speed 减速 the opposite: gain speed , gather speed She reduced her weight by 5 kilograms.她减轻了5公斤的体重。
The price has been reduced from $ 10 to $ 8.价格从10美元降到8美元。
The bombs reduced the city to ruins.炸弹使城市变成了废墟。
She was reduced to tears at the sight. 看到这个场景她哭了。
Hunger reduced him to stealing.饥饿使其沦为盗贼。 14. keep …free from /keep …free of 使……免受（影响；伤害等）；使……不含（有害物）
与keep…from 使人……不要做 区别
free from/of 摆脱（不好的东西）的， 无……的
a sentence free from mistakes 没有错误的句子 a day free of wind 无风的日子
His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.他的忠告
使我免于犯下严重的错误。
This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
15. comment n. 评论；议论vi. &vt. 表达意见；做出评论+on /upon/about
Do you have any comments to make on the recent developments? 对于近况你有什么评论？
He made several comments on the book.就这本书他发表了几条评论。
No comment! 无可奉告！
Unit 3
1.up to now 直到现在= until now
Up to now she hasn’t been very serious about her work. 到现在为止她工作一直不太认真。
2.content adj. （more-. most-）满足的；满意的(不置于名词之前) n. 满足vt. 使满足
它不像satisfied 那样满意，而是表示没有什么特别值得一提的牢骚和不满）
feel /be content with 对……满意
Are you content with your work?你对你的工作满意吗？
be content to do 满足于去做He was content to sit in front of the TV all day. 他只要整天坐在电视机前就心满意足了。The baby contented himself with a new toy. 那婴儿有了新玩具就满足了。
with a contented look /smile 以满意的表情/笑容(形容词contented)
3.be badly off 穷的；缺少的the opposite(反义词)：be well off 经济宽裕
比较级：be worse off 更贫困, be better off经济更宽裕
4.entertain vt. &vi. 使欢乐；款待(-s, -ed, -ed, -ing )
He entertained his friends with all kinds of tricks.他以各种把戏逗乐朋友。
5.overcome vt. &vi. (overcame , overcome)战胜；克服
We overcame the difficulties.我们克服困难。We overcame the enemy.我们击败敌人。
We were overcome by the heat.我们热得受不了。
6. pick out 挑出；辨别出
She picked out the shoes that match the dress.她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。
Can you pick out your brother in this crowd? 你能在这人群中找出你的兄弟吗？
7.cut off 切断；断绝（水，气，电等）
cut off the water 停水The water is cut off.
8. convince vt. 使信服(-s, -d, -d, convincing)
That explanation doesn’t convince me. 那种解释无法使我信服。
I tried to convince them of his innocence.我设法使他们相信他的清白。
Her smile convinced her parents that she was happy.她的微笑使其父母相信她很快乐。
We convinced him to go by car.我们说服他开车去。convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信convince sb. that 使某人相信convince sb. to do .说服某人做
convinced确信的/convincing 令人信服的
9. direct vt. &vi. 导演；指示；指挥（-s, -ed, -ed, -ing）adj. 直的；直接的；直率的
Who directed the film? He directed the building of the new school. 他监督新校舍的兴建。
direct sb to do 命令/指示某人做
The policeman directed the thief to drop his knife. 警察命令小偷丢掉刀子。
direct that 命令…The general directed that the troops (should )attack. =The general directed the troops to attack.将军命令部队进攻。
10. star in 担任主角；主演(-s, starred, starred, starring)
Bruce Li starred in the film.
11.slide vt. &vi. (slid, slid) (使)滑动；（使）滑行n. 滑；滑
动；幻灯片
slide on the ice 在冰上滑动
Can you make the drawers slide more smoothly?你能让抽屉滑动更顺畅吗？
She slid into the room not wanting to wake the baby.她悄悄地进入房间，免得吵醒婴儿。
slide into the house/ slide out of the house
Years slid by while I worked on the farm. 我在农场工作，不知不觉地已过了好几年。
I’ve slid into the habit of reading while eating.我已不知不觉中养成边吃饭边阅读的习惯。
区分：slide, glide, slip
slide 表示滑过某物表面的意思；glide 是指无声地滑行或飞翔而未必有和表面接触的意思；slip 是指不小心滑倒。
12. whisper n. 耳语；低语vt. &vi. 低语；小声说(-s, -ed,
-ed, -ing)
He whispered to her so that no one else would hear.他对她耳语以避免让别人听到。
They sat at the back of the room, talking in whispers.他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。
sing in a whisper 低声地唱in a whisper =in whispers 低声
13. react vi. 作出反应；回应（-s, -ed, -ed, -ing ）
The eye reacts to light. 眼睛对光会有反应。
He didn’t react to the news. 他对于那个消息没作反应。
reaction n. 反应What was her reaction to the news？对于那个消息她的反应如何？
Unit 4
1.represent vt. 代表；象征(-s, -ed, -ed, -ing )
A dove represents peace. 鸽子象征和平。
On this map what does a star represent？这地图上的星号代表的是什么？
He represented our school. 他代表我们学校。
2.approach vt.&vi. 接近；靠近；走近(-es, -ed, -ed, -ing ) n.
接近；方法；途径
The time for graduation is approaching. 毕业的日子近了。
We approached the animals quietly and watched them. 我们悄悄上前观察那些动物。
The approach of the exam is making her nervous. 考试期近使她不安。
All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.
所有通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。（考点：approach 与to 搭配，而way , method与of 搭配）
3. defend vt. 保护；保卫（-s, -ed, -ed, -ing ）defend against
保卫……以免受
When the dog attacked me, I picked up a stone and defended myself.（自卫）
He defended me from /against a drunken man. 他保护我免受醉汉伤害。
4.likely adj. 可能的be likely to do很可能……;有希
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望……
Phrases:①be likely to do 可能会…②be likely that可能会…
考点：与possible, probable 区别,三者都是形容词。possible, probable结构：It is possible /probable for sb. to do .(it 形式主语)
likely 既可用it 又可用人作主语。
He is likely to be late. =It is likely that he will be late. 他可能会迟到。
a likely place for camping =a likely place to camp 正适合露营的地方
5. in general 总的来说；通常people in general 大众
6. ease n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻（痛苦、忧虑）
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在feel at ease 心定气闲set your mind at ease 请放心
We were sitting on the sofa at ease. 我们舒适地坐在沙发上。
7. lose face 丢脸（-s, lost,lost, losing）
8. turn one’s back to 背对（to 介词）；turn one’s back on /upon 调转头不理睬；背弃
Unit 5
1.be famous for 以……而闻名=be known for 区分：be famous as, be known as
Columbus is famous for his discovery of America. （名词作宾语）
= Columbus is famous for having discovered America.（动名词作宾语）
He is famous as a writer. 他作为作家而出名。
2.swing n. 秋千；摇摆vt. &vi. (swung, swung)摇摆；摆动
I t’s bad manners to swing your legs while eating.吃饭时晃腿是不礼貌的。
The monkey is swinging itself from tree to tree.那只猴子在树与树之间荡来荡去。
There are some swings in the park. 公园里有几个秋千。3. no wonder 难怪；不足为奇
It is no wonder that =No wonder that (主语从句)
No wonder that he has passed the exam.他考试及格了，不足为奇。
4. preserve vt保存；保留（-s, -d, preserving）n. 保护区The city should take steps to preserve the old temple.本市应该采取措施保护这座古老寺庙。
5. be modeled after 根据……模仿；仿造（-s, -ed, -ed, -ing）
6.advance vt. &vi. 前进；促进；提前n. 前进；进步The advance of technology has been remarkable.科学技术的进步很明显。
in advance 提前make a careful plan in advance 事先稳妥计划
pay in advance 预先付款Thank you in advance. 在此先行致谢。（书信结束语）
in advance of 比……进步His ideas were in advance of his times. 他的思想走在时代的前列。
advanced （文明、思想）进步的an advanced country 先进国家 a man of advanced ideas 思想进步的人advanced learners 高级程度学生
7．get close to 接近8. come to life 活跃起来
book 5
Unit 1 Great scientists
1. put forward 提出put forward a theory 反义词组：
put back
2. conclude vt.&vi. 结束；推断出（---s, ---d,
concluding）
He concluded his speech with some amusing remarks.他说了一些有趣的话结束了他的演说。
conclude a meeting 结束会议
The book concluded with a happy ending. 这本书以大团圆为结束。
The police concluded that he was the criminal.警察认定他是罪犯。
draw a conclusion 得出结论
3.defeat vt. 打败（---s, ---ed, ---ing）; n. 失败
Our team defeated their team by 5-0. 我们队5-0 击败他们队。
Lack of money defeated my plan. 资金短缺使我们的计划受挫。
Our team has suffered another defeat. 我们队再次败北。
4. attend vt.照顾；护理；出席（---s,---ed, ---ing）
attend the meeting 开会attend the classes 上学attend sb. 护理某人
5. expose vt. 暴露；揭露（---s, ---d, exposing）
Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下。
The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain. 自行车经受了风吹雨淋。
6.cure vt. &n. 治愈
This medicine will cure your headache. 这种药能治好你的头痛。
An effective cure for cancer has not yet been found.对付癌症的有效方法目前尚未发现。
cure sb. of the cold治愈某人感冒
7.challenge n. 挑战vt. 向……挑战
give a challenge挑战
I accepted his challenge to run a race. 我接受他提出的向我
赛跑的挑战。
He challenged me to play chess. 他向我挑战下棋。
8.suspect vt. 怀疑（---s,---ed, ---ing）n. 嫌疑犯
suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人做了
She suspected him of taking her money.她怀疑他拿了她的钱。
Do you suspect me? 你怀疑我吗？
She suspected (that) he was lying. 她认为他在说谎。
9. blame vt.责备（---s, ---d. ---blaming）n. 过失
He blamed me for carelessness.他责备我粗心。
Do you blame him for the accident?=Do you blame the accident on him?
你是否将这个意外事件归罪于他呢？
You are to blame. Who is to blame for the failure?
10. pollute vt. 污染The water was polluted by the
rubbish.水被垃圾污染了。
11.handle n. 柄（---s）; vt. 处理（---s, ---d, handling）
Wash your hands before you handle the food. 处理食物之前要洗手。
A clerk must know how to handle difficult customers.一个店
员必须知道如何处理棘手的顾客。
12.link vt.&n. 联系（---s,---ed, ---ing）
a link between A and B A和B的关系 A is linked to B.
A和B是有联系的。
13.announce vt. 宣布；宣告（---s,---d, announcing）
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A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.= A warm sunshine announces that spring is coming.温暖的阳光显示春天即将到来。
He announced the news to the public.他把消息公布于众。The news was announced to the public.这个消息被公布于众。
14. contribute vt. &vi.捐献(---s,---d, contributing)
He contributed a lot of money to the charity. 他把很多钱捐给了慈善事业。
Exercise contributes to good health.练习有助于身体健康。
15. apart from 除了……之外
Apart from math, she is good at English. 除了数学，她还擅长英语。
Apart form a few faults, the essay is good. 除了几个错误，整篇文章非常好。
16. be strict with sb. in sth. 在某方面对某人严格要求
You must be strict with yourself in studies.
17. make sense 讲得通
The sentence makes no sense.=The sentence doesn’t make sense. 这个句子讲不通。
make sense of = understand
Can you make sense of what I said? 你理解我的话？
18. spin (spun, spun) vt. & vi.使旋转
She was spinning cotton into thread.她正在纺线。
19. reject vt. (---s,---ed, ---ing) 拒绝比refuse强硬近义词：refuse, turn down
He rejected my offer. 他拒绝了我的建议。My offer was rejected.我的建议被拒绝。
Unit 2. The United Kingdom
1. consist vi. 组成（---s,---ed, ---ing）
The club consists of more than 200 members.
=The club is made up of more than 200 members.
=More than 200 members make up the club.这个俱乐部由200 多个成员组成。
2. divide … into… 把……分成
Let’s divide the cake into three.
The class is divided into five groups.
3. break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）
The thief broke away from the policeman who had been holding his arm.那个贼挣脱了一直抓着他胳膊的警察。4.to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉
To his credit, he won the prize. 他非常光荣，赢得了哪项奖品。
I have 1000 dollars to my credit. 我名下存款有1000 美元。
5. attract vt. 吸引（---s,---ed, ---ing）
The concert attracted a great number of people.音乐会吸引了很多人。
I tried to attract his attention, but failed. 我努力吸引他的注意力，但失败了。
What do you think attracts people to big cities? 你认为把人吸引到大城市的原因是什么？
6. leave out 省去；遗漏
leave out a letter 漏掉一个字母Don't leave me out! 不要漏掉我。
区分：leave off ①(使)停止②从……去除
When will the snow leave off? 学何时才会停止呢？
He left my name off the list. 他把我的名字从名单上除去。
7. plus prep. 加上adj. 正的反义词：minus Two plus four equals/ is six.
Teachers are required to have patience plus intelligence.
教师必须有耐心加智慧。
plus number 正数
8. take the place of 代替
I’ll tak e the place of my father for a while.
=I’ll take my father’s place for a while.我将暂时代替父亲工作。
区分：take place 发生in place of [prep.] 代替
Go there in place of me please! 请替我去那里。
9. break down （机器）损坏
The car broke down on the way home. The TV broke down again.
You will break down if you work too hard. 如果工作太努力，身体会垮掉。
10. arrange vt. 筹备(---s, ---d, arranging)
We must arrange the room before the guests arrive.
在客人到达前，我们必须整理房间。
He would like to arrange the meeting for Wednesday.他想把会议安排在星期三。
11.fold vt. 折叠（---s,---ed, ---ing）反义词: unfold
She folded the letter and put it in an envelope. 她把信折好，放进信封。
Fold the chairs and lean them against the wall. 把椅子折起来靠在墙上。
12.delight n. 快乐vt. 使高兴（---s,---ed, ---ing）
To my great delight, my son passed the examination.让我高兴的是，我的儿子通过了考试。
He takes delight in proving others wrong. 他以证明别人错为一大快乐。
Her singing delighted us. 她的歌声让我们高兴。We were delighted with her singing.
delighted adj. (more---, most---)
I was delighted with the result. 我对结果满意。
区分：Her singing delighted us.
I was delighted with the result.
区分：delightful adj. 使别人高兴delighted adj. 本身高兴
Unit 3 Life in the future
1.impress(-es, -ed, -ing)
What is your first impression of Beijing?
The book left/made a deep impression on him.
Everybody had the impression that she is a top student.
The book impressed me . I was impressed by (with/at) the book.
My father impressed the value of hard work on me.
My father impressed me with the value of hard work.父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。
impress sb. with sth. impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记
impress –impression--impressive
2. take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续
She took up the bag and left. (拿起)
It took up a whole week to make the dress.占（时间，地方等）The table took up too much space. 占（时间，地方等）
take up Spanish(开始）
区分：pick up Spanish 偶然学会
3.constant adj. 时常发生的；连续不断的(more-, most-)
a constant temperature 固定温度drive at a constant
speed
The weather has been constant this week.
the constant noise of traffic
constantly
4.previous adj. 在前的；早先的
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on the previous day 在前一天on the previous page 在前一页
previous to (介词) 在……之前
Previous to leaving for France, he studied a lot about the country.
a previous appointment _____________ previous experience _____________
previously adv. 在前
five days previously 五天前
They had warned me previously.
5.guide n.指导；向导；导游vt. 指引；指导(-s, -ed,-ing) He guided the visitors through the park.
The professor often guides students in their studies.
He guided his new business to success.
We are often guided by the sense of what is fun.我们长受我们所认为的乐趣所支配。
a guide to the British Museum
guidebook n. 旅游指南
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e7582186.html,ck vi. &vt. 缺乏；没有n. 缺乏；短缺的东西
缺水lack water (a) lack of water
(a)lack of information信息缺乏缺乏自信
______________________
The project failed due to lack of money.这项工程因资金短缺而未成。
He lacks common sense.他缺乏常识。
She lacked the experience to get the job.她缺乏经验，因而未得到这份工作。
【巩固】Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to a key university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
7.lose sight of 看不见
The driver lost sight of the car he was following. 这位司机跟丢了追踪的汽车。
catch sight of 看见
I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd.在人群中，我看到他高大的身影。
come in sight 进入视线内
The famous tower came in sight. 那个著名的塔映入眼帘。out of sight /in sight
The animal was soon out of sight. 那个动物走出视线。Peace is in sight. 和平再望。
They came in sight of the school building.他们走到能看到学校建筑的地方。
8.sweep up 打扫；横扫(-s,swept, swept, -ing)
He swept up the waste paper. 他扫干净废纸。
9.slide into (快捷而悄声地）移动；溜进(-s, slid ,slid ,sliding) She slid into (out of )the room not wanting to wake the baby. 她悄无声息的溜进房间，不吵醒孩子。
Years slid by while I worked on the farm.时间悄然逝去当我在农场工作时。
I’ve slid into the habit of reading while eating.我逐渐养成了边吃饭边阅读的习惯。
slide , glide , slip
slide 表示划过某物表面的意思glide 是指无声的滑行或飞翔而未必有何表面接触的意思；slip 是指不小心滑倒。
10.optimistic adj. 乐观（主义）的
pessimistic an optimistic view乐观的看法be pessimistic about 对……悲观
be optimistic about
11.speed up 加速
The train gradually speeded up. 车逐渐加速了。
12.desert n. 沙漠；荒原
The Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠
He drove across the desert.他驾车横越沙漠。
13.instant n. 瞬间；片刻
adj. 立即的；立刻的
an instant reply/response 立即回答
His new book became an instant success.
他的新书立即获得成功（成为畅销书）。
the instant (that)…一……就=as soon as =instantly
She began to smile the instant she read the letter.
14.settlement n. 定居；解决
reach a settlement 达成和解
词性变化：
1. __________ (n.) 印象；感想__________ (vt.)
__________ (adj.)印象深刻的
2. __________ (n.&adj.) 周围的事物；环境；周围的
__________ (vt.)围绕
3. __________ (v.) 按；压；逼迫__________ (n.)压力
4. __________ (adj.) 乐观的，乐观主义的__________
(adj.)悲观的；厌世的
5. __________ (v.)打字__________ (n.)打字员n.)
打字机
6. __________ (adj.)时常发生的；连续不断的
__________ (adv.)不断地
7. __________ (adj.)在前的；早先的__________ (adv.) 在
前
8. __________( n.) 指导；向导；导游__________ (vt.) 指
引；指导
9.容忍(vt.) __________ (vt.)__________短语__________
10. __________ (vt.&vi.)缺乏；没有__________ (n.)缺乏；
短缺的东西
11. __________ (n.)调整；调节__________ (vt.) 调整；
使适应
12. __________ (adj.) 乐观主义的__________ (反义
词)
13. __________ (n.) 瞬间；片刻(adj.) 立即的；立刻的
__________（adv.）马上__________ (conj.)一……就……
14. __________ (n.) 代表；典型人物adj. 典型的；有代表
性的__________ (vt.) 代表
15. __________ (n.)定居；解决__________ (vt.) 定居；
解决__________ (n.)定居者
短语：
1. 拿起；接受；开始；继续
2. （困境中）恢复；完全
复原 3. 看不见 4. 打扫；横扫
5. （快捷而悄声地）溜进
6. 加速
7. 结果
8.
与……相似9. 向四面八方
10．带领某人参观
分词练习：
1._______ into English, the sentence was found to have an
entirely different word order.
A. Translating
B. Translated
C. To translate
D. Having translated
2. _______ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by
many as the regional fun park.
A. Opened
B. Having opened
C. Opening
D.
Being opened
3. _______ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a
chance to become famous.
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A. Offer
B. Offering
C. Offered
D. To offer
4.Dina, _______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling
B. struggled
C. having struggled
D.to struggle
5. _______ a reply, he decided to send another e-mail.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
6. A modern city has been set up in _______was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. that
7.He expected there _______ another chance to go abroad.
A. is
B. being
C. to be
D. has
8. The couple watched the Kongming light go higher and higher until they lost ______ of it.
A. view
B. scene
C. vision
D. sight
9.Our son doesn’t know what to ______ at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.
A. take in
B. take up
C. take over
D. take afer
10. If we want to arrive at the village on time, we’d better _________.
A. sweep up
B. speed up
C. call up
D. turn up
11. –I have the ______ that we have met once before.
--So we have. At a ball two years ago, remember now?
A. view
B. relation
C. influence
D. impression
12. When I saw the cars crash on the road, a frightened feeing _____ across my mind.
A. flashed
B. struck
C. hit
D. occurred 13．When the wounded soldier woke up in the hospital, he found ______ by doctors and nurses.
A. it to surround
B. himself surrounded
C.to be surrounded
D. himself surrounding
14.The teacher sat on the grass, _____ by his students.
A. surrounded
B. surrounding
C. having surrounded
D.having been surrounded
15. Don’t worry. There’s still time _____ a newspaper before the bus leaves.
A. left to buy
B. leaving to buy
C. left buying
D. leaving buy
单元练习：
1.I don’t want to continue working with him, for I can’t bear his ____ complaints recently.
A. continuous
B. constant
C. continuously
D. constantly
2. The young man acted strangely during the interview. He made a bad _____ on the employer.
A. impression
B. expression
C. experience
D. opinion
3. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to a key university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
4. After he retired from office, Rogers ______ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
A. took up
B. saved up
C. kept up
D. drew up
5. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _____ most of her day.
A. takes up
B. makes up
C. saves up
D. puts up
6. At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was______.
A. out of sight
B. out of reach
C. out of order
D. out of place
unit 4 Making the news
1.delighted (more-, most-) 欣喜的；快乐的
the delighted audience 欣喜的观众
I was very much delighted with the results.我对这个结果很
到满意。
delighted to do 高兴地去做
He was delighted to accept the invitation.他欣喜地接受邀请。
I shall be delighted to go with you.
delighted that …高兴于
She was delighted that he had returned safely.她欣喜于他安全回来了。
delightedly adv. 欣喜地；高兴地delightful 令人快乐的
a delightful party
delighted adj.
2. assist vt. 用于从旁协助
He assisted his father in cleaning the car.
Two students assisted me with the experiment.
assist sb. in doing assist sb. with sth. assist sb. to do sth.
He assisted us to establish a new company.
He assisted us in establishing a new company.他帮助我们创办公司。
assistance n. 协助assistant n. 助手
3. concentrate vt. &vi. 集中concentrated adj. 集中的
He concentrated his attention on studying.
I must concentrate on my new task.我必须集中精力于我的
新任务。
The population of India is concentrated in large cities.印度人口集中于大城市。
concentration n. 注意力集中
类似：be absorbed in pay attention to focus on be buried in devote to
be involved in be lost in try one’s best to do
4. acquire vt. 获得；学到；养成
She acquired a knowledge of French. 他学会了法语。
acquire a habit of reading 养成阅读习惯
5. assess vt. 评估
My income was assessed at 20000 dollars.
assessment n. 评估
与access 区别access 进入
access to the building 接近大楼
We gained access into(to) the house through the window.
access 享有……的权力；进入
It is difficult to gain access to him. 他不容易接近。
Every student has free access to the library.每位同学都有使用图书馆的权利。
6. inform vt. 告知
I informed her mother of her safe arrival.我通知她的母亲她
安全到达了。
I informed her mother that she had safely arrived.
We were informed that a big fire had broken out in the next town.
His letter informed us how and when he was expected to come.
remind of 使……想起remind sb. to do 提醒去做……
He reminded me of his father.
I was reminded of my promise.
I reminded him to work hard.
7. depend on 依赖
You can’t depend on your parents forever.
The map is a thing to be depended on when you are in a strange place.
You can’t depend on him to come punctually.
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