I.Revise the following sentences
1. Mr. Wang, a man trusted by his leaders and all his fellow workers, known as an expert in computer programming.
2. Flying from Beijing to London three days ago and back to Beijing yesterday, jet lag is troubling him.
3. When the meeting between the director of our company and the representative of the American company came to an end, he expressed satisfaction with the result.
4. He had a long talk with the visiting delegation, he mentioned all the problems that remained to be solved, however, no agreement was reached in the end.
5. They had a long discussion, nevertheless, they came to no conclusion.
6. While he was in Shanghai, he has visited the newly developed area in Pudong, and is deeply impressed by the prosperity he has seen.
7. This grammar book is a better one as far as I know.
8. She hurried back because she didn't know that the meeting was put off.
9. I entered her office and found she talked with two guests.
10. There are more books in their library than my school.
11. The old man who had taught at the school for 40 years and was given a medal of honor for his devotion to the cause of education before he retired.
12. This morning the president and a group of students were talking and ten minutes later they left.
13. Going to the library to borrow the novel, no copy was available.
14. A number of spelling mistakes was found in his composition.
15. I was terribly busy yesterday, therefore, I had to leave some work for today
16. Everyone of the students, including myself, have bought this dictionary.
17. Physics are fascinating but difficult.
18. The president together with several assistants are here.
19. She put all her reference books into a box, which she would use after taking the new job.
20. Fifty dollars seem too much for this sweater.
III. Improve the following sentences, paying attention to unity and coherence.
1. Shakespeare was one of the greatest dramatists.
2. He said he would take the exam and pass it, but he was not certain of it.
3. He read the magazine in the reading-room. which contained a lot
of latest information about computer science
4. It snowed heavily at 8 o'clock.
5. Such comments neither add nor detract from his fame.
6. I was willing to buy the suit at that price and my billfold did not allow me to buy it.
7. Many people believe that one should eat garlic every day to prevent disease in that region.
8. The earthquake only damaged a few houses.
9. He loves so much to work that he even works during his vacation.
10. One student said that such a discussion was not helpful in class.
11. At the picnic Helen served salad to hungry guests on paper plates.
12. Languages were not invented; it grew with people’s need for expression.
13. Mary called Beth every day when she was in hospital.
14. Instead of taking physics, chemistry was chosen by most students in the class.
15. After listening to the speaker’s inspiring speech, many questions were raised.
16. Although only a small boy, his father wanted him to do a man’s work on the farm.
17. When describing your tour in the three countries, slides may be
helpful.
18. He was so tired that we saw him asleep at eight in the morning.
19. The landslide destroyed several houses and five people were
killed by it.
20. The singing in the film is good and the actors act wonderfully
well.
21. What do the rich know about poverty and those who are hungry?
22. What one knows is more important than the wealth one has.
IV. Improve the following sentences, paying attention to conciseness and emphasis.
1.In the early part of December there was a heavy snow in this
area, and it snowed for three days without letup
2. Students who are in their fourth year at the university go to visit
the library regularly to look for material and reference books useful for the writing of their graduation papers.
3. Early in the morning there was a fog which covered all things in the whole city and people who were driving were careful and they had to drive very slowly.
4. He has tasted the wines produced in different places and he says
the red wine made in Beijing is the best.
5. In fact, he is usually realistic and sometimes he is also quite
romantic.
6. Each time there was a knock at the door he was nervous, for he feared that someone might come to bring him more bad news.
7. When you read the beginning of the book, you can't understand the meaning of the title. You will understand it when you come to the end of the book.
8. China has a population of 1.2 billion. She must do much to limit the growth of population.
9. Some people like to say "That's neat" when they mean to say "That's good." It is a slang expression.
10. She enjoys talking with friends and is never tired when she is chatting with her good friends.
11. The referee raised his right hand in which he was holding a yellow card.
12. Moral integrity is more important than life, position, or wealth, according to Confucius.
13. Altogether 12 novels were written by this famous novelist during his lifetime.
14. Such a new view on the working of the universe could only have been put forward by a scientist like him.
15. Rich people in the West usually ask lawyers for help whenever they get into trouble with other people.
16. Meaningful content is the most important quality of a
composition, above all.
17. She does not care too much about prices; she thinks the quality of things is more important.
18. These children are busy playing with toys. They have little time for studies.
19. In the evenings television is watched by almost all people in this village.
20. The Government praises itself in every possible way, but the Opposition says ugly things about it whenever possible.
Section B
I. Read the following and say what kind of sentence each is (loose, periodic, or balanced):
1. It is a pleasure to read good books.
2. She missed the step and sprained her ankle.
3. Badly frightened by the explosion, the boy rushed out of the laboratory.
4. The Wangs must have gone away for the summer holidays, for we have not seen them for two or three weeks.
5. There were the translators in their booths, and the girl secretaries at the doors, and the reporters grumbling and scribbling in their seats.
6. Our friends, who had started before us, promised that they would
meet us, but when we arrived at the bus stop, they were nowhere to be seen.
7. The new thing that happened to me in the town was that I was thrown into experiences that finally seemed to cut my ties to the walled-world of my childhood.
8. In the speeches of politicians towards the close of 1919 and the spring of 1920, there was manifest an increasing recognition of the fact that what is called the capitalist system —the private ownership system that is, in which. private profit is the working incentive—-was on trial.
9. It will not be done by the Government; it cannot be done by Parliament.
10. There are still two widely different methods of getting what you want. One is to make yourself
II. Read the following, point out the mistakes and, make necessary corrections:
1.Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of
adventure, he had been a member of an exploration team working in the Arctic.
2. When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed, I had not heard him when he came back. Because I had been sleeping soundly.
3. Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers, that
was why he got higher pay than others.
4. No student could answer that question, even Yao, who was usually quick in answering questions, was silent.
5. Lin looks like Li, however, they are not related.
6. The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an angle. His eyes half closed, looking very sleepy.
7. Their work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, thus, they over-fulfilled their quota.
8. Mark Twain, a well-known American writer, whose experience as
a pilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped him to become a famous writer.
III. Rewrite the following by putting the short sentences into compound or complex sentences, or sentences with participial, prepositional, or other phrases:
1.Xu comes from a working-class family. He enrolled in
college last fall.
2. The dean issued a bulletin. It said the library would remain open on weekends.
3. Last night was a wild night. The thunder roared. The wind blew a gale. The rain fell in torrents.
4. There are icicles on the trees. The temperature must have fallen considerably during the night.
5. He returned to his hometown. He had been away for twelve years. He looked in vain for the familiar landmarks.
6. We have made some progress. We still have a long way to go.
7. The sky was cloudless. The sun was shining brightly
8. There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. About one third of them were foreigners.
9. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother was a famous pianist.
10. Napoleon was born in 1769. At that time Corsica had just been acquired by France.
11. She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth.
12. The gypsies are really a nomadic people from Indian. They migrated into Europe. Once they were thought to be Egyptians. 13. The new workers are young and inexperienced. They are eager to learn from the
veteran workers.
14. It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts. They had mud walls and straw roofs. They dotted a hillside.
15. He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him. He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket. IV. The following sentences are not unified or coherent. Try to improve them:
1. She began to speak very fast at the meeting at ten o' clock.
2. Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known playwrights.
3. The houses were mere shanties, and rags were stuffed in the cracks and holes.
4. I read the novel on the train, which did not interest me at all.
5. A well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he was a thief.
6. I lost some important documents and found them three days later. The police had helped me.
7. We entered the shop, and a saleswoman greeted us, and all kinds of shoes were on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable, and a lot of customers were buying them.
8. Tell Helen, if she is at home, I will come to see her
9. Listening attentively, a faulty sound was heard.
10. On entering the room, no one was seen.
11. Fred is energetic, capable, and a man you can rely on.
12. The children promised to be careful and that they would return home early.
13. Dickens's novels offer no solution to the social injustices he exposes in them.
14. My watch is either fast or yours is slow.
15. Glancing out of the window, a beautiful view attracted my
attention.
16. He nearly finished reading ten books during the vacation
17. If interested in painting, a course can be taken at the evening school.
18. She said that she would come if she could, but not to wait for her.
19. To tell my friend the good news the letter was posted at once.
20. I will go to the lecture, for I like his poems.
V. Revise the following sentences. Try to make them concise.
1. In the year 1840 the Opium War broke out.
2. There are more books in their library than in our library.
3. He returned back home after he graduated from college
4. We planned to meet just before sunrise very early in the morning.
5. The cause of the flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.
6. He was asked to repeat the sentence again.
7. I play badminton equally as well as my brother.
8. It seemed to his friends that his attitude was of a puzzling nature.
9. These watermelons are large in size and sweet in taste.
10. He did not tell the truth with an honest attitude.
11. There are a number of students who want to join the drama club.
12. He was kind enough to let me share the same umbrella with him.
13. Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the
class by the whole class.
14. At the present time I am taking the course of WorId History and in addition a course in geography too.
15. The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and than disappeared and could no longer be seen.
16. What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and it needs improving
17. I would like you to consider the question of whether or not
you will let our journal publish your recent article on women scientists in China.
18. Owing to the fact that he had missed many lectures, he was aware that it would be possible for him to fail the exam.
19. You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you need to collect all kinds of material to support your point of view.
20. In that country violent death has become a commonplace thing, a thing that occurs every day.
21. He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer as well.
22. This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials repeatedly.
23. As a rule, students are usually not allowed to take books out of this reading-room.
24. According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility
system has helped to increase production and he has no doubt about it.
25. One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there are many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.
26. Statistics show that in the decade from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled: in 1990 there were twice as many students as in 1980.
27. There are so many inexperienced unskilled workers without training in a particular job that production of the factory has been affected.
28. There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given acupuncture treatment.
29. His name is called lames Williams
30. Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well.
VI. Rewrite the following sentences, emphasizing the main idea in each:
1. Huang, who is over two metres tall, is the tallest man of the team.
2. Social position, reputation, even life itself, and friends, were no longer interesting to him after he went bankrupt.
3. He decided to take the job, and it was something unexpected.
4. China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.
5. Yang alone can do the work, and there are twenty students in the class.
6. China has changed a great deal as a result of reform and the open policy during the past 14 years.
7. She was the first Chinese woman who had won a gold medal for figure skating in an international contest, according to newspaper reports.
8. An attempt was made by Robert to do all the things that the sailor members of the crew usually did while serving as a cabin boy on the ship.
9. Mrs. Jones, the famous writer, was among his neighbours.
10. The students were patiently helped by their teachers and good progress was made by them.
11. She often helps many comrades in her class to improve their pronunciation.
12. There are few mistakes in the language of the composition, but it is not very good, because the content is not interesting.
英语作文范文 英语写作中的修辞 学英语写作中的修辞 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。 1。对比 正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。 1）如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达： Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.
(注：句中rich in 与 ragged in, goods 与 spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 2）如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达： The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages. (注：句中 the advantages 与 the disadvantages 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 3）如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达： They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements, but have ignored a more important fact. (注：句中have noticed 与 have ignored, a grain of truth in the statements 与 a more important fact 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达： It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing. (注：句中negative 与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果） 5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达： We have friends similar to us and friends different from us. (注：句中similar to 与 different from具有正反对比的
高考英语作文常用修辞手法 高考英语作文常用修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当 地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表 现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下 深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1 比喻(etaphr) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(siile)： 用lie, as, asas, as if(thugh) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： lve’s lie a red, red rse 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The an an’t be trusted He is as slipper as an eel 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He uped as if he had been stung他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 hildhd is lie a siftl passing drea 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(etaphr)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart f stne 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The rld is a stage 世界是一个大舞台。 2 换喻(etn)
用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the hite Huse 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bttle来代替ine 或者alhl，用the bar 来代替the legal prfessin，用rn代替ing等。例如： His purse uld nt all hi that luxur 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种 奢华。 The ther did her best t tae are f the radle 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He sueeded t the rn in 1848 他在1848年继承了王位。 3 提喻(snedhe) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用 一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread b riting 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The fars ere shrt f hands during the harvest seasn 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat anada at riet 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿 大队。 He is the Netn f this entur 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 4 拟人(persnifiatin) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： heart as singing 我的心在歌唱。 This tie fate as siling t hi 这一次命运朝他微笑了。
1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily－like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化） 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化） 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one
英语写作技巧：英语写作中的修辞 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要使用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且使用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。所以，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。 1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地使用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，所以恰当地使用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来增强语句，实现语句的亮点。 1)如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，能够这样达： Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 2)如“利远远大于弊”，能够这样表达： The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，能够这样表达： They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。)
18种重要修辞手法 一、语义修辞 1明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如： 1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field. 2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由（as）... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。 2暗喻（metaphor）也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如： 1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.（他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。） 2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。) 3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper. 由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。 谈到暗喻，有必要说说它的两种变体（variety）：博喻（sustained metaphor）和延喻（extended metaphor），它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。 （1）博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如： There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电，她像蛇一样蜿蜒，如魔鬼般嘶叫，像翠玉般碧绿，轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体，spring of a serpen t（动态），shout of a fiend（声音），green as an emerald(颜色)，它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见，多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。 （2）延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释，延喻即make a n initial c omparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s id ea（作出初次比较再扩展，以延伸作者的意图）。请看下例： A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼，产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆，难觅一成功之作，似鳕鱼产卵无数，长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod，再进一步用cod的习性比喻之，生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。 与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处，延喻不仅要注意比喻本身，还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说，延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分，不能游离于其外。 延喻的构成分以下几种： ①由动词构成
英语写作常用修辞格 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐.
英语修辞欣赏
《英语修辞欣赏》 ［4/8］ 明喻（simile)是比喻的一种，是一两种具有共同特性的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的相类关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词有： like; not unlike; it was a bit likel can be likened to ; as ; as if ; as though; as it were as comparable to ; many be compared to ; similar to; akin to ; be analogous to ; be someting of等。 共分三种类型：描写型（descriptive) 说明型（illustrative)和启发型（illuminativ e） 【描写型明喻】 Example One：撒切尔夫人辞职，老友里根撰文回忆中的一句 I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my firs t economic summit in Ottawa in 1981. 1981年，在渥太华第一次参加经济首脑会谈，当时我觉得自己好似一个刚上学的学童 Example Two: He is something of a political chamelion.(Newsweek; December 3,1990) 他有点象政治上的变色龙 注释： something of ,有些相似（to some extent; somewhat)，表示A接近B Example Three:美国求职者可以委托专业公司代写履历 Too many professionally prepared resumes read like a pitch from an old-time snake-oil pedlar. 雇请职业枪手代写的履历念起来往往都带有老式江湖郎中的推销口吻。 注释： snake-oil(蛇油)指江湖郎中所卖的万灵丹，以次比喻代写的履历，含有“假货赝品”的意思。 pitch是resume的喻体。原意为定调的基音，联想到高嗓门，转义为“大肆宣
排比 英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。例如，如“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达： Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 3.重复英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。 1）如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达： Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to） 2）如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达： We long for success and we are working hard for success.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.） 3）如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”，可以这样表达： I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succeed.（注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed）
英语写作常用修辞手法 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.
Some Common Forms of Figures of Speech 宋德文（讲义） Figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech. 原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法，是为了使语言更加形象生动，鲜明突出；或者使语言更加整齐匀称，音调铿锵，以便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。因此，译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞格，就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风，就不符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。 修辞(figures of speech / rhetorical devices / rhetoric) 大体分为三类： 音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) （一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 1. Alliteration: (头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. 头韵与拟声修辞方式能使语言具有音韵美，可增加口头或书面表达的实际音感，给人以声情并茂的美感。 Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音. Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.（alliteration） Clear as crystal 水晶般的清莹 Now or never 机不可失，时不再来 Safe and sound 安然无恙 To many parents, the three Gs--- gays, guns and gangs ---have replaced the three Rs as benchmarks of schools life. Spare the rod, and spoil the child. China 's cities, after decades of bolted doors and barred windows, are suddenly being opened to sweeping changes. No mill , no meal . No song , no supper . No cross , no crown . Sea , sun, sand, seclusion ---and Spain . 海滨，阳光，沙滩，有静--- 更有西班牙风情。 book name or title Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见
高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1、比喻 (metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻 (simile)： 用like， as， as。。。as， as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love’s like a red， red rose。我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can’t be trusted。 He is as slippery as an eel。那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung。他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream。童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻 (metaphor)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事
物。例如： He has a heart of stone。他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage。世界是一个大舞台。 2、换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如： His purse would not allow him that luxury。他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle。母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848。他在1848年继承了王位。 3、提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing。他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season。在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket。澳大利亚队在板球
I.Revise the following sentences 1. Mr. Wang, a man trusted by his leaders and all his fellow workers, known as an expert in computer programming. 2. Flying from Beijing to London three days ago and back to Beijing yesterday, jet lag is troubling him. 3. When the meeting between the director of our company and the representative of the American company came to an end, he expressed satisfaction with the result. 4. He had a long talk with the visiting delegation, he mentioned all the problems that remained to be solved, however, no agreement was reached in the end. 5. They had a long discussion, nevertheless, they came to no conclusion. 6. While he was in Shanghai, he has visited the newly developed area in Pudong, and is deeply impressed by the prosperity he has seen. 7. This grammar book is a better one as far as I know. 8. She hurried back because she didn't know that the meeting was put off. 9. I entered her office and found she talked with two guests. 10. There are more books in their library than my school.
英语修辞赏析 英语中的修辞决非“文学语言”之专利，它已渗透到各种体裁，各类文体。即使是在Internet上，我们每日也能欣赏到五光十色、美不胜收的英语修辞。如：1. U.S. stocks decline; global markets churn（平行结构）2. Hurricane Bonnie hammers Carolina coast（比喻）等。再以科技英语为例，原本一本正经、味同嚼蜡的中科技英语也经常闪现修辞的光彩，如：Electric power becomes the servant of man only after the motor was invented.（只是在电动机发明之后，电力才开始造福人类。）再如：Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.（合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。）英语广告对于修辞的运用更是“穷凶极恶”。如：What is your choice when inflation is slowly eroding the value of your nest eggs? （这是一家投资公司的广告，它把你平日的积蓄比作nest eggs，比喻独到，形象鲜活。）再如：Wash the big city right out of your hair. （广告里的big city即刻让人意识到the dirt of the big city，生动形象。） 英语的修辞可以分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。 一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧，它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切，只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故，对之做了一些调整。举一种情况进行说明：为了增加文采，强化文章的表现力，常常避免重复使用同一个词汇，而另选他词。这种无固定格式可循的消极修辞手段被称为Elegant V ariation（求雅换词）。 求雅换词的手法之一是大字小用，或小词大用。如：Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat. 句子写得精彩，最难忘的是其中license一词。它是用途很广的大词。用在这里给人一种“头小帽大”的感觉，新颖别致。译文很难挽留此韵。（不能因为食品标明低脂肪，而敞开食用。）再如：If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… （如果这个术语对生活在20世纪的人听来不科学的话，那就让我们记住在沼泽地和疟疾之间有一定的联系……）。求雅换词的手法之二是科技词汇和日常用词的“错位”。如：Na?ve rats and frogs are said to have reacted wildly to such proposed experimented situation. Na?ve用于现代生物学时的含义为：not previously subjected to experimentation or a particular experimented situation.（据说，首次用来作实验的鼠和蛙对这种设定的环境改变都有剧烈反应。）再如：However, there are plenty of people who like tennis. It is the megagame. Mega的含义是兆，百万，是一个科技英语的词缀。使用在这里新义溢出。（但是许许多多的人喜欢网球，这是一项十分普及的运动。） 二、积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下： 1．词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)
英语常用修辞 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 4>.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 5>.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 6>.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 7>.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 子子
第一章明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻 第一节明喻 1.1.1 明喻(Simile)的定义 The definition of simile-A simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind by using the words:as,like,as…as,etc. Another definition:A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another,in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.It is an explicit comparison(as opposed to the metaphor where the comparison is implicit)recognizable by the use of the word“like”or“as”. 有学者认为,“一事物”可称为“本体”,而“另一事物”最好称为“喻体”。请看例句: New China is like a red sun rising in the east. (本体)(比喻词)(喻体) 从例句结构上看,明喻包括“本体”(subject or tenor)和“喻体”(reference or vehicle)。本体指被比喻的对象,喻体指用来做比喻的对象,比喻词用在本体和喻体之间起连接介绍作用。从词源上讲,simile源于拉丁词similis,其意义相当于英语介词like(像)。弄明白了本体、喻体和比喻词,对于理解和掌握明喻是大有裨益的。 1.1.2 明喻的例解 1.1. 2.1 用like或as引导 1.My heart is like a singing bird.(C.G Rossetti:A Birthday) 我的心如小鸟在歌唱。 2.I wondered lonely as a cloud.(W.Wordsworth:The Daffodils) 我像一朵白云在独自漫游。 3.He bellowed like a bull seeking combat. 他像寻衅的公牛一样怒吼。