2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（1）
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx江苏,C)改编
If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this depression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with depression.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-depression means,they clearly did so quickly—and,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape
a predator(捕食动物) such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?( )
A.A twisted body.
B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
D.A drop in blood pressure.
2.The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see .
A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B.how ichthyosaurs adapted to depression
C.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
3.Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 .
A.confirmed his assumption
B.speeded up his research process
C.disagreed with his assumption
D.changed his research objectives
4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .
A.failed to evolve an anti-depression means
B.gradually developed measures against the bends
C.died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D.evolved an anti-depression means but soon lost it
语篇解读:本篇为科普说明文,文章主要说明了鱼龙得减压病的原因和后果。并介绍了Dr Rothschild通过研究,推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。
答案及剖析:1.A 细节理解题。由The consequence...is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name减压病的典型症状是身体弯曲,可知答案为A项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据...to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.和...to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression...可知答案为B项。
3.C 推理判断题。第四段开始说到...he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils...,接下来又说Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite,由此见,研究结果和他开始的预测相反,故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段的If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-depression means...But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.可知,Dr Rothschild并不认可鱼龙的抗减压进化途径,故A项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】
evolve vt.使发展,设计,发出
Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.
玉米是从墨西哥的一种野生禾本植物进化而来的。
【长难句子分析】
开始时,他假设弯曲的迹象在年小的化石中较少见,这也反应出了他们对付减压的措施的逐渐进化。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【xx·湛江市普通高考测试一】
When you make a mistake，big or small，cherish it as it’s the most precious thing in the world.
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes，beat ourselves up about it，feel like failures，and get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural：Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad，and we should try to avoid mistakes.We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home，school and work.Maybe not always，but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
Yet without mistakes，we could not learn or grow.If you think about it that way，mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world：They make learning possible；they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things，making mistakes，and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric lights，to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel，and to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler，make speech possible，and make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn：We don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it.You don’t just read about painting，or writing，or puter programming，or baking，or playing the piano，and know how to do them fight away.Instead，you get information about something，from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat，making mistakes，learning from those mistakes，until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something.
That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers，and how we learn as adults.Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed in something，it’s probably something you already knew how to do.You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey，not the whole journey.Most of the journey is made up of mistakes，if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes.They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible. 1．Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.
B．Because it’s a natural part in our life.
C．Because we’ve been taught so from a young age.
D．Because mist akes have ruined many people’s careers.
2．According to the passage，what is the right attitude to mistakes?
A．We should try to avoid making mistakes.
B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.
C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.
D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
3．The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means________.
A．a small child learning to walk
B．a kindergarten child learning to draw
C．a primary pupil learning to read
D．a school teenager learning to write
4．We can learn from the passage that________.
A．most of us can really grow from success
B．growing and improving are based on mistakes
C．we learn to make mistakes by trial and error
D．we read about something and know how to do it right away
5．The author wants to tell us________.
A．what you should do when meeting with difficulties
B．where you can find your mistakes
C．how you can avoid making mistakes
D．why you should celebrate your mistakes
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要说明错误是生活中不可避免的事情，我们应该正确对待错误，在修正错误中不断地学习和成长。
6．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话中“Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad，and we should try to avoid mistakes.”可知，C项符合题意。
答案： C
7．解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When you make a mistake，big or small，cherish it as it’s the most precious thing in the world”以及下文的表述可推断，人们在错误中学习和提高，故选C项。
答案： C
8．解析：词义猜测题。根据该词所在句子中“walking”和“smallest”可猜测，此处toddler应指“蹒跚学步的孩子”。句意为：错误使幼小的孩子学会走路成为可能，使学会讲话成为可能……故选A项。
答案： A
9．解析：推理判断题。根据第八段第三句话中“ You haven’t really grown much from that success”可知，A项与文章不符；根据第五段第一句话“By trial and error—trying things，making mistakes，and learning from those mistakes”可知，C项与文章不符；
根据第七段第一、二句话可知，D项与文章不符。根据第四段中“they make growth and improvement possible”可推断B项与文章相符。
答案： B
10．解析：推理判断题。文章开头提出了文章的写作主旨，即我们应该珍惜错误。全文叙
述了为什么我们应该珍惜并庆祝我们的错误。
答案：D。
.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【xx·江西省南昌两校高三上学期第四次联考】
The American newspaper publisher Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86.Mr Sulzberger led The New York Times for more than three decades，before passing the business to his son.He took over the paper in 1963 when it was in financial trouble，and transformed it into the heart of a multi-billion dollar media empire.
His family announced he had died at his home in Southampton，New York State，after a long illness.His son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch，was “one of our industry’s most admired executives”．“Punch，the old Marine captain who never backed down from a fight，was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press，” he said. The New York Times was bought by Mr Sulzberger Sr’s grandfather Adolph Ochs in 1896.During Mr Sulzberger’s tenure，The New York Times won 31 Pulitzer prizes. Born in New York City,5 February 1926，Sr served in Marine Corps during World War Ⅱ and Korean War，joined The New York Times in 1951 after graduating from Columbia College，took over as publisher in 1963 after his brother-in-law died suddenly，stepped down in 1997 and passed stewardship to his son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr.
He oversaw a huge circulation boost at the paper，and increased its parent pany’s annual revenues (年收入) from $100m in 1963 to $1.7bn by the time he stepped down in 1997.He also led the paper through high-level clashes with the political establishment.In 1971，The Times published a series of stories saying that politicians had systematically lied over the US involvement in Vietnam.The source was thousands of leaked government documents known as the Pentagon Papers.The Nixon administration demanded that the paper stop publishing the stories on grounds of national security.But the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case by arguing
that the First Amendment of the US Constitution (宪法) guaranteed free speech.The case is seen as a landmark in the history of free speech in the US.Mr Sulzberger said he read more than 7,000 pages of the Pentagon Papers before personally deciding to publish them.
His family still holds a controlling stake (控股权) in The New York Times.He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.He once joked：“My conclusion is simple.Nepotism works.”
1．When did Arthur Sulzberger Sr die?
A．In 1997. B．In xx.
C．In 1963. D．In 1971.
2．Punch，the old Marine captain was actually________.
A．Arthur Sulzberger Jr
B．Adolph Ochs
C．Arthur Su tzberger Sr’s father
D．Arthur Sulzberger Sr
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Arthur Sulzberger Sr took over The New York Times from his brother-in-law. B．Arthur Sulzberger Jr’s grandfather bought The New York Times.
C．Arthur Sulzberger Sr resigned when The New York Times was in financial trouble. D．Arthur Sulzberger Jr took over The New York Times after graduating from Columbia College.
4．In the political case in the 1970s，Mr Sulzberger________.
A．failed the case in the end
B．lost the controlling stake in The New York Times
C．gave in to the government
D． succeeded in guarding free speech of the paper
5．What does the underlined word “Nepotism” probably refer to?
A．Friendship. B．Politics.
C．Family ownership D．Freedom of speech.
语篇解读本文介绍了《纽约时报》前总裁Arthur Sulzberger Sr的生平。
1．解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86” 和第四段第一句中的“Born in New York City,5 February 1926”可知，他出生于1926年，去世时86岁，由此可知他在xx年去世。
答案： B
2．解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“His son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch，was ‘one of our industry’s most admired executives’”．可知Punch，the old Marine captain指Arthur Sulzberger Sr。
答案： D
3．解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Sr served in Marine Corps...took over a s publisher in 1963 after his brother-in-law died suddenly”可知，A项正确。B项中的“Arthur Sulzberger Jr’s grandfather”错误；根据第一段最后一句可知C项错误；根据第四段可知D项错误。
答案： A
4．解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“national security.But the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case”可知，D项符合题意。
答案： D
5．解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词前面的“He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.”可推测，画线词指的应是family ownership。
答案：C。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（2）(I)
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx山东,C)改编
You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But de signer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain—sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a stree t lamp.”he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传
感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor,there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?( )
A.To predict a heavy rain.
B.To check the weather forecast.
C.To protect people from the rain.
D.To remind people to take an umbrella.
2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?()
A.His creation was inspired by an experience.
B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?( )
A.motor→canopy→sensors
B.sensors→motor→canopy
C.motor→sensors→canopy
D.canopy→motor→sensors
4.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?( )
A.Its moving speed.
B.Its appearance.
C.Its installation.
D.Its safety.
5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( )
A.The designer will open a pany to promote his product.
B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。
答案及剖析:1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知,他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,Belyaev讲述了他发明灯伞的过程,是在圣彼得堡的一次下雨时的见闻激发了他的灵感,故A项正确。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段内容可知,传感器可以感知雨水的降落,然后灯伞里的电动马达就会根据需要把伞打开或者关闭,由此可知,其顺序为:传感器——马达——伞篷。
4.D 推理判断题。第五段中提到几个关键词语:低速行驶;不会对行人造成伤害,使行人免遭雷击;离地面两米。这些都是安全方面的问题,故D项正确。
5.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Belyaev says...insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk...”可知,他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街道上,这表明他对他的发明的实用性充满信心。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.shelter n.庇护,遮蔽;庇护所;避难处
An old hut gave shelter from the storm.
一间旧茅舍成了躲避风雨的地方。
2.install vt.安装,设置(装备)
They’ve installed the new puter network at last.
他们终于安装了新计算机网络。
【长难句子分析】
and
虽然没有把灯伞投入生产的计划,但Belyaev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门,并坚持说他的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人但是没有伞篷可以避雨的街上。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(xx·江西八校联考)
The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquake-prone (有地震倾向的) countries could bee part of its long-term energy solution.
W ater from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese high-tech panies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermal-electric power production. The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,xx caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In xx，Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
1．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World’s largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
2．What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%. B．Below 1%.
C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.
3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________. A．a change of rules B．financial support
C．local people’s help D．high technology
4．Geothermal energy is considered as a long-term program by________. A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono
5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.
A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal e nergy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan
语篇解读本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。
1．解析：标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the sho rt term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D
项最适合做文章的标题。
答案： D
2．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than
1 percent of the energy needs in Japan...”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
3．解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting natur e would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。
答案： A
4．解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project...”可知，答案B符合文意。答案： B
5．解析：推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。答案： C
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(xx·泰安复习质量检测)
University of Maryland student Ben Simon and his friends couldn’t stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“We basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.And we met with the dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.And they were on board，” he said.
So 18 months ago，the students began what they call the Food Recovery Network.Each night，volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.So far，they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out.
Nationwide，$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year，according to the National Resources Defense Council.Spokesman Bob Keefe says that is about 40% of the country’s entire food production.“If we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%，we can feed 25 million hungry Americans.That is a huge benefit.That is what programs like this Food Recovery Network are doing，” he said.
Christian Life Center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students’ efforts.Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，“It has been j ust amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.Each week we are able with this food probably to feed
over hundred people.”
The University of Maryland’s Food Recovery Networ k now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“I want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expa nd to restaurants and farms.” said Simon.
The volunteers are mitted to making that happen.
1．The dining services in University of Maryland________.
A．threw out good food on the campus
B．supported the volunteers’ job
C．enjoyed the talk with the students
D．donated their leftovers to the poor
2．Volunteers from the Food Recovery Network________.
A．started the Food Recovery Network two years ago
B．delivered leftovers as well as money to shelters
C．helped to solve the hunger issues in America
D．donated leftovers to avoid food waste
3．Ben Slye’s attitude toward the volunteers’ effort was that of________. A．unconcern B．doubt
C．appreciation D．opposition
4．We can learn from the text that________.
A．over 40% of the country’s entire food is wasted each year
B．altogether 25 million Americans suffer from hunger nowadays
C．Simon aims to expand the program to restaurants and farms
D．every college has started the Food Recovery Network
5．What can be the best title for the text?
A．College Students Rescue Leftover Food
B．Battles Against the Problem of Hunger
C．How to Pick up Leftovers on College Campuses
D．Waste Problems in University of Maryland
语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。每天都有人在浪费粮食，如果把这些粮食收集起来，供给那些需要的人，那将会帮助很多饥饿的人们。美国一所大学的学生们正在做这样的事情。他们建立了“食物回收网络”，收集学校餐厅里的残羹剩饭，将其送到有需要的地方。
1．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“And they were on board”可知，学校的餐饮服务部参与其中。此处on board为短语“take sth.on board”的简写，意为“采纳，接纳(主意、建议)”。
答案： B
2．解析：推理判断题。根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知，志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜，然后把它们运到收容所等，以避免浪费。
答案： D
3．解析：观点态度题。根据文章第四段第二句“Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，‘It has b een just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.’”可知，Ben Slye对志愿者们的努力是持“支持，赞许，欣赏”的态度。
答案： C
4．解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms”可知，答案C符合文意。
答案： C
5．解析：标题概括题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了美国大学生建立组织，收集学校餐厅里的剩饭，身体力行把它们运到收容所的事。由此可知，答案A最适合做文章的标题。
答案： A.
2009-2018年高考真题任务型阅读 2009年： Communication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn?t like the fact that I don?t agree with his opinions．and that?s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the ot her person?s view is wrong．The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self． Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently）and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up
科普类阅读练习 本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！ 阅读下面的文字，完成１４题。 只要回顾一下哲学在其古希腊的起源便可以看出，哲学最初就是一种力图摆脱自然观点、习常意见的做法。无论是巴曼尼德斯和苏格拉底还是柏拉图和亚里士多德都带有这种意图，而且哲学家也从一开始就被非哲学的公众视为不同寻常的人，无论是在好的还是在坏的意义上。就此而论，哲学和哲学制作者的本意也就在于原创，即不断地超越现有的、给定的视域，并拓展出异常的、非凡的维度。哲学思维也就意味着寻找并发现新的思路、探求并指明新的可能。它的这个特征在近代的大思想家如笛卡儿、休谟、康德、马克思等人那里得到保留和展开，以至于哲学越来越被看作是标新立异的活动。而在二十世纪由胡塞尔和海德格尔等人所倡导的现象学中，这个精神得到了再一次的弘扬。所谓现象学原则，归根到底就是一种对思想原创性的要求，它的”面对事实本身”的口号无非就意味着一种撇开一切已有的传统、习俗和教义，彻底地从头开始的尝试和意图。正是在这个意义上，有
人主张现象学就是哲学的基本思想。 当然哲学史上也曾有人声言，哲学与原创无缘，例如席勒或狄尔泰便把哲学看作单纯□的，而非□的，这也可能在哲学的古希腊源头上找到依据，甚至整个希腊哲学都可以看作是对”给出根据”的要求。以后它也与”健全理智”的预设联系在一起。但这归根结底只是一个对原创性概念的术语使用问题。事实上没有人否认在哲学分析和哲学论证上也有原创的和非原创的之分。由此说开去，不仅哲学家可以具有原创性，甚至历史学家也可以是如此。 我据此而想说的是：哲学强调原创，这原则上不成为问题。而且思想的原创性是每一个致思者多多少少迟迟早早都会面对的问题。除非--这是我们所要考虑的另一类情况--我们从一开始就像卡斯悌尔那样，以一种根本不想当将军的士兵心态，坚信”与其去创造藐小的东西，不如去理解伟大的东西”。 １．框内填入词语最恰当的一项是 Ａ．模仿和因循征服和冒险 Ｂ．保守和规范新奇和反叛 Ｃ．分析和论证创造和建构 Ｄ．发展和深化革命和反叛 ２．关于哲学的原创性，不符合原文内容的一项
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
科教科普类 1、You can remember the face, but can‘t put a name to it. Many of us have been caught in this embarrassing situation. But researchers say it is often easier to remember someone's name than what they look like. Twenty-four volunteers were shown 40 pictures of strangers, paired with random(随机的) names. They were given time to memorize the faces and names before being tested on which they thought they had seen before. The participants could remember up to 85 per cent of the names but only 73 per cent of the faces. When they were shown a different picture of the same person, the participants could recall only 64 per cent of faces, according to the study, led by the University of York. That may be because faces are only recognized visually, while names can be both spoken and written down so appear in our visual and audio memory. When people were shown famous people, they also remembered their names more accurately than their photographs. Co-author Dr Rob Jenkins, from the university's psychology department, said, "Our study suggests that, while many people may be bad at remembering names, they are likely to be even worse at remembering faces. This will surprise many people as it is against our initial understanding. Our life experiences with names and faces have misled us about how our minds work." Remembering names gets harder with age, leading to many uncomfortable moments for middle-aged people when they run into acquaintances. But to study whether names are harder to recall than faces, the researchers, whose findings are published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, used a “fair test” where the participants were presented with strangers’ names and faces. 1.What can we know according to the research in Paragraph 3? A.It is certain that names are harder to recall than faces. B.Remembering names is more easily than remembering faces.
十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019）英语 专题23 阅读七选五 (2015﹒北京) This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s h appening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
1. 【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇说明文。本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙：在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势；宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛；宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。 63.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own chal lenges.”可知在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。故选A项。 64. C细节理解题。根据第三段中“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. …You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache”可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选C项。 65. D细节理解题。根据第四段中“Your inner ear thinks you’re failing. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying-that’s why some people feel sick.”可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。故选D项。 66.B细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句“The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy…NASA is worried about two things :… and, more importantly, how maintain strength and fitness…”可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。故选B项。 【考点定位】说明文阅读 【名师点睛】科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点，文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。考生应注意：1.平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。2.熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题（高考题中一般不给出标题）、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部分构成。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这部分是命题的重点，考生应该重点把握。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时，考生一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。 2. 【解析】 试题分析：文章解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。 63.B 细节理解题。文章第一段第三行：Mostof them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch。得知B选项：透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。 64.D 词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。 65.C 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light。可知，想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线，因此其中的一个方法是C选项，避免光线的吸收。故选C。 66.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does可以推断出D为正确答案。其中slowdown对应reduce。故选D。 【考点定位】科技类说明文 【名师点睛】做科技类说明文时，考生应能：理解语篇主旨要义，理解文中具体信息，根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义，根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理。此次出现了新型科技类说明文。往年科技类说明文的阅读难点在于专业类词汇，但是今年的“新型耳机”在问题设置上难度不大，属于文章难但题目不难的题目。所以要理解好文章做好此题就不是难题。
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
（英语）高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类 1．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭气) too. Vulture (秃鸳) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face. Opossum (负鼠) In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become "dead", they don't have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed. Hoatzin (磨雉) Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the "stink bird Millipedes (千足虫) Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers. Sea Hare (海兔) The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators. Researchers using lobsters (2-f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is. （1）The sea hare defends itself from predators by ________. A. becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predator B. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predators C. releasing substance to make predators unable to smell it D. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away
科普类文章阅读训练题（一） 一、阅读下面的文字，完成后面题目。（9分） 通常人们认为，人类的骨头对自身的保护全靠包裹在它外面的肌肉和皮肤，骨头对自身的保护则无能为力。而研究人员的最新发现证实，已往人们对骨头的认识还比较粗浅，导致人们完全低估了骨头的自我保护能力。他们发现，在外来的冲击面前，人类的骨头也会施展自己的惊人秘技。骨头不但防卫有法，而且疗伤有术。 研究人员的这个发现得益于此前其他科学家的一个新奇发现。6年前，科学家研究鲍鱼壳的时候发现了隐藏在里面的“分子减震器”，这是一种能够将生物矿化结构紧密粘合的胶，由于它的存在，使得鲍鱼壳具有一定的弹性，相应地也增强了它的抗冲击能力。当时，科学家猜测，人类的骨头里可能也有这种“分子减震器”，遗憾的是一直没有发现它的踪影。 最近，美国的研究人员在人体骨骼中还真的发现了人类骨头里的“分子减震器”。研究发现，人的骨头里的胶原纤维和其表面覆盖的仅有一层几个原子厚度的骨盐结晶，能起一定的抗震作用，而把骨盐结晶与胶原纤维连接在一起的是一种胶，这种胶的作用原理与科学家以往在鲍鱼壳中发现的物质相同。这种胶含有能够隐藏自身长度的结合键，这使得这种特殊生物胶拥有了粘连性和一定的弹性。在骨骼受到应力的时候，它们可以舒展开来，以帮助骨骼减少震动的冲击；而当应力解除时，它们又会像弹簧那样，重新盘绕成原来的结构。这种特殊的生物胶分子在骨头里面确实能发挥出色的减震作用，所以它是名副其实的“分子减震器”。通过高清晰度的摄像仪，研究人员还拍摄到了这种性能奇特的胶和其自身的缠绕结构图像。 研究人员还发现，这种胶的作用并不仅仅提供给健康的骨骼较大的弹性和抗骨折能力，实际上在因骨骼受伤形成细小的裂纹之后，它还能很快帮助其修复裂纹。胶的修复方法主要是发挥自己的粘连特性，把裂纹重新聚合在一起，就像是人们给断裂的骨头打上石膏那样帮助裂纹康复。 也就是说，人体骨头里的这种特殊的生物胶就是骨头的防身“密器”，骨头的惊人秘技全是靠它施展出来的。 接下来，研究人员把研究的重点放在了随着人们年龄的增长，或在患某些特定疾病时，或在骨头受伤的情况下，这种分子胶是如何发生改变或被耗尽的。如果找到答案，人们就可以找到保护骨骼不发生破坏性改变的方法，甚至能逆转骨骼的破坏性生成改变，生物胶将是未来治疗骨骼疾病的重要武器，对于骨折、骨头老化的防治，对促进骨头健康发育，都会提供一系列全新的方法。 1．下列对“分子减震器”的相关叙述，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．“分子减震器”是一种能够将生物矿化结构紧密粘合起来的生物胶，它是科学家在研究鲍鱼壳的时候发现的。 B．人类骨头里的“分子减震器”能将胶原纤维和骨盐结晶连接在一起，从而使 其具有一定的抗震作用。 C．“分子减震器”不但能给所有的骨骼提供较大的弹性和抗骨折能力，而且能在骨骼受伤形成细小的裂纹后，帮助修复裂纹。 D．“分子减震器”这种特殊的生物胶之所以拥有粘连性和一定的弹性，是因为它含有能够隐藏自身长度的结合键。 2．下列叙述中，符合原文意思的一项是（）（3分） A．以前人们认为骨头对自身的保护没有有效的办法，但研究人员的最新发现将改变这一观点。 B．在鲍鱼壳上发现生物胶的时候，科学家就推测人类的骨头里也肯定有这种生物胶。 C．生物胶的结构呈缠绕状，当受到外力冲击时，它会像弹簧那样盘绕起来从而保护自己。 D．生物胶修复受伤骨骼的主要办法是利用自己的粘连性，把裂纹聚合起来并使之长出新的骨骼。 3．以下对文章的分析与判断不正确的一项是（）（3分） A．科学家研究鲍鱼壳时获得的结论为后来研究人员的新发现奠定了一定的基础。 B．如果没有生物胶，鲍鱼壳就没有一定的弹性，其抗冲击能力也将减弱。 C．骨头的惊人秘技全是靠骨头的防身“密器”即一种特殊的生物胶施展出来的。 D．一旦找到生物胶发生改变或被耗尽的答案，就会给医学界带来治疗方法的全面革新。 二、阅读下面的文字，完成后面的题目。（18分） 为什么称单克隆抗体为生物导弹 1984年10月15日，瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗琳医学院宣布，米尔斯坦、科勒两人因从事免疫系统的研究和“发现生产单克隆抗体的原理”而获得诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。 什么是单克隆抗体呢？ 在生物工程中，有一类似导弹的东西也具有精确的导航系统，具有高度的专一性、准确性。它只与人体中某些特殊物质结合，以改变其特性，使它们失去活性。它这独特的性格，引起世界生物学者的高度重视。它就是生物导弹——单克隆抗体。抗体是在抵抗外来者侵入生物体时，生物体自身的B淋巴细胞产生的能与入侵者结合的自卫系统。生物体中有100万种B淋巴细胞，而每种B淋巴细胞可产生一种抗体时，它们恰似100万枚导弹，保护着生物体。当某种细菌侵入人体时，人体就能产生相对应的抗体与细菌的特定物质结合，这个物质被称为抗原。一旦抗原与抗体
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.