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初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案
初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型

一、考点、热点回顾

【句子的成分】

在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:

(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)

(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)

(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)

(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)

(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)

(二)谓语

说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。

如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)

We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)

We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

(三)宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)

She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)

We often help him.(代词作宾语)

He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)

We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)

说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。

说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。

不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy 等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story.

(2)The sun gives us light.

间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。

间接宾语前加“to”的有:

give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

间接宾语加“for”的有:

make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等

(1)I give him a book. 改成:

(2)He passes me the book.(他将书递给我。)改成:

(3)He writes me a letter. 改成:

(4)He will buy me some books. 改成:

(5)She is making me a cake. 改成:

(四)宾语补足语

在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。

如:They make her happy.(形容词)

I see her dance.(不定式)

We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)

Please let him in.(副词)

We heard her singing a song.(分词短语)

(五)表语

表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。

如:I am a teacher.(名词)

He is always happy.(形容词)

They are on the playground now.(介词短语)

It gets cold.(形容词)

Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)

系动词表保持(keep, stay, remain)

表改变(get,become,turn)

感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)

We should all remain careful. Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)

(六)定语

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。

单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。

如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)

What’s your name?(代词)

They make paper flowers.(名词)

说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。

如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语)

说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。

如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。)(七)状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由

副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

如:He did it carefully.(副词)

We often help him.(副词)

Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)

When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)

He sits there.(副词地点状语)

【简单句的五种基本句型】

A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)

如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。

The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。

rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。

B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)

如:I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.

C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)

如:Her brother is a driver.

We feel happy.(feel为系动词,表示感到……)

It gets dark.天黑了。(get为系动词,表示变得)

Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)

D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)

如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。

Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。

E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)

如:They call her Mary.(宾补)他们叫她Mary。

We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。

He always makes us laugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑。

二、典型例题

写出划线部分的句子成分。

1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.

2. Her garden is the best in our town.

3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.

4. I like this book very much.

5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.

6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.

7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.

8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.

9. They are in the classroom.

10. It sounds good.

11. His name is Paul.

12. We always go to school early.

三、课后练习

(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother doesn't do his homework.

A B C D

② People all over the world speak English.

A B C D

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

A B C D

④How many new words do you learn ?

A B C D

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

A B C D

(二) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man is feeling very tired.

A B C D

②Why is he worried about Jim?

A B C D

③ The leaves have turned yellow.

A B C D

④Soon They all become interested in the subject.

A B C D

⑤She is the first to learn about it.

A B C D

(三) 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.

A B C D

② What is your given name?

A B C D

③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

A B C D

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

A B C D

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

A B C D

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

②He asks her to take the boy out of school.

A B C D

③She find it difficult to do the work.

A B C D

④They call me Lily sometimes.

A B C D

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

A B C D

(五) 挑出下列句中的状语

① There is a big smile on her face.

A B C D

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

A B C D

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

A B C D

④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.

A B C D

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

A B C D

(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语()

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤Does he leave any message for me?

(七) 分析下列句子的句子成分

1. They are working on the farm now.

2. Seeing is believing.

3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.

4. She became a doctor in 1998.

5. The book lying on the floor are mine.

6. Suddenly it began to rain.

7. To catch the train, I got up early yesterday.

8. I always find her happy.

9. He wonders If I still study English.

10. The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.

11. We always work hard at English.

12. He said he didn't come.

13. They love each other.

14. What did you buy?

15. She watched her daughter playing the piano.

16. Your job today is to help the old.

17. Speaking doesn't mean doing.

18. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.

19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.

20. It takes me an hour to get there.

划分句子成分练习二

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5. He broke a piece of glass.

6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.

7. ---I love you more than her,child .

8. Tees turn green when spring comes.

9. They pushed the door open.

10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.

12.All the students think highly of his teaching

13. We need a place twice larger than this one.

14. He asked us to sing an English song.

15. Don't get nervous,help yourself to what you like.

划分句子成分练习题(2)

(一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A. Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C. do

D. his homework

⑦ What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C. you

D. is

⑧ We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C. send

D. doctor

⑨ He is interested in music.

A. is

B. interested

C. in

D. music

⑩ Whom did you give my book to?

A. give

B. did

C. whom

D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

A B C D

② People all over the world speak English.

A B C D

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

A B C D

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

A B C D

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

A B C D

⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

A B C D

⑦ They made him monitor of the class.

A B C D

⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

A B C D

⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.

A B C D

⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

A B C D

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired.

A B C D

② Why is he worried about Jim?

A B C D

③ The leaves have turned yellow.

A B C D

④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

A B C D

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

A B C D

(五) 挑出下例句中的定语

① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.

A B C D

② What is your given name?

A B C D

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

A B C D

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

A B C D

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

A B C D

⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

A B C D

(六) 挑出下例句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

A B C D

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

A B C D

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

A B C D

④ They call me Lily sometimes.

A B C D

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

A B C D

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

A B C D

(七) 挑出下例句中的状语

① There was a big smile on her face.

A B C D

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

A B C D

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

A B C D

④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.

A B C D

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

A B C D

⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.

A B C D

⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

A B C D

⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

A B C D

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

划分句子成分练习题(2)参考答案

(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do

(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A

(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D

(四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B

(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D

(六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B

(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D

(八) ① us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语

② me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语

④ Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语

典型例题答案

一.写出划线部分的句子成分。

1. 主,谓,宾,状

2. 定,状

3. 表

4. 谓,宾,状

5. 定,定

6. 谓,状

7. 谓,宾,状8. 谓,状

9. 表10. 表

11. 定,表12. 状,状

课后练习

(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B (四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B

(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B (六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D

(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语

1. They are working on the farm now.

主语系表结构做谓语地点状语时间状语

2. Seeing is believing.

动词ing做主语谓语宾语

3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.

主语谓语宾语程度副词状语

4. She became a doctor in 1998.

主语谓语宾语时间状语

5. The book lying on the floor are mine.

主语补语谓语宾语

6. Suddenly it began to rain.

状语形式主语谓语

7. To catch the train, I got up early yesterday.

目的状语主语谓语时间状语

8. I always find her happy.

主语谓语宾语状语

9. He wonders If I still study English.

主语谓语条件句中的主语条件句中的谓语条件句中的宾语(整个条件句做主干的宾语)10. The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.

主语定语从句谓语宾语

11. We always work hard at English.

主语状语谓语状语状语

12. He said he didn't come.

主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语

13. They love each other.

主谓语宾语

14. What did you buy?

宾助动词主谓

15. She watched her daughter playing the piano.

主语谓语宾语宾语补足语

16. Your job today is to help the old.

主语定语系动词表语

17. Speaking doesn't mean doing.

主语谓语宾语

18. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.

时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语

19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.

主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语

20. It takes me an hour to get there.

形式主语谓语宾语真正主语

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初中英语语法——句子成分及其他

句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1)主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,通常用名词、代词、数词,不定式,动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首,还可用“It”作形式主语(如主语从句) 2)谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用,必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致,通常在主语之后。 谓语可分为两大类:简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语,不管什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成:一是带不定式的复合结构;一是带表语的复合结构。 3)表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态,可以由名词、代词,数词,形容词、副词、介词,介词短语,不定式,动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任,表语要放在连系动词之后。4)宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象,由名词、代词、数词,名词化的形容词,名词化的分词,不定式,动名词,从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语),直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。这一类动词有:bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下,间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后,但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面,其宾语还需要有一个补足语,才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5)状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式,形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。 6)定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活,凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7)同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释,说明,与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词,代词,数词和从句等。 8)句子成分巧划分:主在前,谓在中,宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依,直、间之间to、for连,宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。 第一讲主语 【语法讲解】 主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如: 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词(例如1)、代词(例如2)、数词(例如3)、动词不定式(例如4)、动名词(例如5)和主语从句(例如6)。 注:当动词不定式做主语时,往往放在谓语动词的后面,而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为:It is difficult to understand his words.其中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.

初中英语经典句子大全 人教新目标版

初中英语经典句子大全 一、About Visits 关于拜访 151. Hello. Can I see Mr. Green? 你好,我能见格林先生吗? 152. Do you have an appointment? 你有预约吗? 153. Sorry, I don't. 对不起,我没有。 154. Yes. At 3 pm. 是的,约的是下午3点。 155. Sorry, Mr. Green can't see you now. 对不起,格林先生现在不能见您。156. He's on the phone. 他在打电话。 157. Would you wait here for a minute? 您能在这里等一下吗? 158. Would you like something to drink? 您想喝点什么吗? 159. Tea, please. 我喝点茶吧。 160. Mr. Green, Mr. Smith is here. 格林先生,史密斯先生在这里。 161. You may go in now. 您可以进去了。 162. Nice to see you, my old friend. 真高兴见到你,我的老朋友。 163. How have you been these years? 这些年你怎么样? 164. You've changed little. 你一点也没变。 165. Do you still remember that Christmas? 你仍记得那个圣诞节吗? 二、About Language 关于语言 166. Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗? 167. Yes, a little. 会讲一点。 168. How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了? 169. He speaks English fluently. 他讲英语很流利。 170. Your English is very good. 你的英语很好。 171. You speak English pretty well. 你的英语讲的很好。 172. Are you a native speaker of English? 你的母语是英语吗? 173. My native language is Chinese. 我的母语是汉语。 174. He speaks with London accent. 他带点伦敦口音。 175. He has a strong accent. 他口音很重。 176. I have some difficulty in expressing myself. 我表达起来有点困难。177. I'm always confused with "s" and "th". 我常把s和th搞混。 178. Can you write in English? 你能用英文写文章吗? 179. Your pronunciation is excellent. 你的发音很好。 180. How can I improve my spoken English? 我该怎样才能提高口语水平? 三、Talking About Activities 谈论活动 181. What are you doing? 你在干什么? 182. I'm reading a book. 我在看书。 183. I'm cooking. 我在做饭。 184. Are you watching TV now? 你在看电视吗? 185. Yes, I'm watching Channel 5. 是的,我在看5频道。 186. No, I'm listening to the radio. 没有,我在听收音机。

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如: He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外, 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语 里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — (一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你

初中英语经典句子选

Only when our eyes have been washed by tears, can we have a broader field of vision. 只有泪水洗过的眼睛,才有更开阔的视野。While there is life, there is hope. 生命尚在,希望永存。Don't pray for life to be easy, but pray for yourself to be strong.——不要祈祷生活能简单,该祈求的是自己能更坚强。The past passed by, The future is not coming yet, whatever it going to be, All we have is , is this, the present. 过去的已经过去了,而未来还没有来临,无论以后会怎样,我们所能拥有的,只有这个,现在。 The harder the life is, the stronger you'll become. The stronger you become, the easier the life will be.生活越是艰苦,人就越发坚强;人越是坚强,生活也就变得越发简单。 patient and tough; someday this pain will be useful to you. 耐心点,坚强点;总有一天,你承受过的疼痛会有助于你。 No matter how many goals you have achieved, you must set your sights on a higher one. 无论过去已经实现了多少目标,你的目光应当永远注视着更高的地方Weekends are like rainbows. They look good from a distance but disappear when you get up close to them. 周末就像彩虹。远远看上去很美,但一旦走近,它刷地就没了。--Success will never be a big step in the future. Success is a small step taken just now. 成功从来不是未来将要迈出的一大步,而在于眼下刚刚迈出的一小步A relationship without trust is like a phone without service. All you do is playing games.离开信任的感情就像没有信号的手机。只能拿来玩玩游戏而已We can't help everyone, but everyone can help someone.即使我们无法帮助每一个人,但每一个人都可以去帮助一些人。。If I treated you the way you treated me, you would hate me. ------ 如果我用你待我的方式来待你,恐怕你会恨死我。Take chances, give everything, and leave with no regrets. ------ 抓住机会,全心付出,不留遗憾的离开。Don’t be afraid of change, you may lose out on something good, but you might gain something even better! 不要害怕改变,尽管你可能会因此失去一些好的东西,但你也可能会得到一些更好的东西。 When I wake up every morning, the greatest joy is gazing upon you and sunshine, that is the future I desire. 每天早上睁开眼睛,看到你和阳光都在,这就是我想要的未来。 Three solutions to every problem: accept it, change it, leave it. If you can't accept it, change it. If you can't change it, leave it——三个方法解决所有问题的方法:接受,改变,放开。不能接受那就改变,不能改变,那就放开。 Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. -地球能满足人类的需求,却满足不了人类的贪婪。 唯美英文:You may be out of my sight, but never out of my mind.你也许已走出我的视线,但从未走出我的思念。Every little kindness you show me would shake my determination.你对我的一点点好,都会动摇我的决心。 I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish. 我希望梦想着你梦想中的梦想,但是如果你梦想着女巫的梦想,我就不想梦想着你梦想中的梦想I don't regret the things I've done, I regret the things I didn't do when I had the chance——我从来不为做过的事而懊悔。我只是遗憾,有些事,有机会却没有去做。 。:Something that I don't talk about doesn't mean I don't care.有些事,我不说,我不问,不代表我不在乎。 Never lie to people, because the people you are able to lie to, are the people who trust you——别说谎骗人,因为你能骗到的,都是相信你的人。 Sometimes the hardest thing and the right thing are the same——有时候,最困难的事也恰巧是正确的事。 Hope for the best and prepare for the worst——抱最好的希望,作最坏的准备。 Always put yourself in the other’s shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the person too. 多站在别人的立场考虑问题,如果一件事情对你来说是一种痛苦,对别人来说也是。 Be good enough to forgive someone, but don’t be stupid enough to trust them again——要大度地原谅别人,但切勿愚蠢地再去相信他In order to be irreplaceable one must always be different。—要做到不可替代,就要与众不同Never give up on what you really want to do. A person with big dreams is more powerful than one with all the facts——绝不要放弃自己的追求。心怀大梦想的人比只接受现实的人强大得多。There is no elevator to success. You have to take the stairs——成功没有电梯直达,只能拾级而上。Pain makes you stronger. Tears makes you braver. Heartbreak makes you wiser. So thank the past for a better future——伤痛使你更坚强,眼泪使你更勇敢,心碎使你更明智,所以,你应该感谢过去,它使你的未来更美好。 Best friends: Cheer you up when you're down, comforts you when you're sad & fight for you when you're hurt!——这就是好朋友:当你失落的时候给你鼓劲,在你悲伤的时候给你安慰,在你受伤害的时候为你出气。Silence & Smile are two powerful tools. Smile is the way to solve many problems & Silence is the way to avoid many problems——微笑和沉默是两个有效的武器:微笑能解决很多问题,沉默能避免许多问题Nobody is worth your tears, and the one who is won't make you cry. 没人值得你为他流泪,那个值得的人,不会让你哭。

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3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.

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2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you”意为“请求”,“won’t you”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you Don’t be late again, will you ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I”而不用“am not I” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I ④陈述部分主语是everything,nothing,anything或something 时,疑问句主语用it

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