新增阅读判断第十三篇（A）State fright【综合第十一篇（A），理工第十四篇（A）】第十四篇（A）Azeri hills hold secret of long life
补全短文第十四篇（A）A memory drug【理工第十五篇（A）】阅读判断
第十三
篇 StageFright1
Fall d own as you come onstage. That?s an oddtrick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he wasa teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich trippedhim purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,2 Mr. Feltsma nsaid, “ All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”
Today, music schools are addressing the problem ofanxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and careerpreparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn tofight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart,blank mind.3
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-rangingadvice, from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mentaldiscipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don?tdeny that you?re jittery，they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamicplaying. And play in public often, simply for the experience. Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests somestrategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominalbreaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,?? she says. “And not one of these…please don?t kill me? smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in theaudience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eyecontact with them.” She doesn?t want performers to think of the audience as ajudge.
Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often atthe root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells otherteachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.
When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist ofthe Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “Th ere weretimes when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chestresponding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where Ithought,… If I have to go through this to play music, I think I?m going to lookfor another job.”5 Recovery, he said, involved developinghumility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert wasnot a disaster.6
It is not only young artists who suffer, ofcourse. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz?s nerves were famous. The greattenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,”Soprano Re nata Scotto recalled.
Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career,when you?re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don?t have anyexpectations,” Soprano June Anderson said. “There?s less to lose. Later on, whenyou?re known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations.You have a lot to lose.”
Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until I?ve sung my last note.”
词汇：
veteran/ ?vet?r?n / adj．经验丰富的
jittery/ ?d??t?ri / adj．紧张不安的
mentor/ ?men?t?: / n．指导者
soprano/ s??prprɑ:n?? / n．女高音；女高音歌手
cellist/?t?el?st / n．大提琴演奏家
abdominal/ æb?d?m?n?l / adj．腹部的
fallible/ ?fæl?b?l / adj．易犯错误的
tenor/'ten?/ n．男高音
注释：
1．Stage Fright：舞台恐惧
2．The veteran cellist MstislavRostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic…资深大提琴家MstislavRostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症。cure somebody ofsomething (illness, problem)：医治好病（解决问题）
3．… its symptoms：icy fingers, shakylimbs, racing heart, blank mind：舞台恐惧的症状有手冰凉、身体颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白。
4．Teachers and psychologists offerwide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out ：老师和心理学家提出了方方面面的建议，一些基础知识，比如将演奏曲目烂熟于心…… inside out： in great detail详细地，从里到外地
5．I came to a point where I thought，“If I have to gothrough this to play music, I think I?m going to look for another job. ”我曾经一度认为，如果搞音乐就必须经过克服舞台恐惧这一关的话，这项工作不能做。
6．Recovery, he said, involveddeveloping humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, andthat an imperfect concert was not a disaster.不舞台恐惧意味着提高谦卑感，即认识到不管你多有才，你也会出错，一个有瑕疵的音乐会也绝对不是世界末日。
练习：
1．Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman todeal with his stage fright.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
2．There are many signs of stage fright.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
3．Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme -stagefright.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
4．To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings ofexcitement.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
5．If you have stage fright, it's helpful to have friendly audience.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
6．Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expecttoo much of them.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
7．Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1．B本文第一段讲的是钢琴家Vladimir Feltsman被MstislavRostropovich绊倒后，他的舞台恐惧被治愈了的故事。
2．A第二段的最后一句点出舞台恐惧的诸多症状为手冰凉、身体颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白。
3．B本文的第三、四、五、六段都在讲老师和心理学家为舞台恐惧者提供全方位的建议。
4．A依据第三段的倒数第二句：some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing.(表演中激情是自然甚至是必要的）
5．C第四段提到克服舞台恐惧的方法之一是：在观众中选择三位友好的面孔，与他们用眼光交流。所以克服舞台恐惧要靠自己而不是指望所有的观众都友好。6．A第五段讲了舞台恐惧的根源在于指导者或父母对表演者要求太高。extreme demands就是expecttoo much of them的意思。
7．B第七段讲的是：不只年轻艺术家有舞台恐惧症，钢琴家Vladimir Horowitz和男高音Franco Corelli亦不能幸免。Never一词不恰当。
第十四篇 Azeri Hills HoldSecret of Long Life
You can see for kilometers from the mountainswhere Allahverdi Ibadov herds his small flock of sheep amid a sea of yellow,red, and purple wildflowers. The view from Amburdere in southern Azerbaijantoward the Iranian border is spectacular, but Mr. Ibadov barely gives it asecond glance.
Why should he? He?s been com ing here nearly everyday for 100 years.
According to his carefully preserved passport, Mr.Ibadov, whose birth was not registered until he was a toddler, is at least 105years old. His wife, who died two years ago, was even older. They are among thedozens of people in this beautiful, isolated region who live extraordinarilylong lives.
Mr. Ibadov?s eldest son has just turned 70. Helost count long ago of how many grandchildren he has.1“I?m an oldman now I look after the sheep, and I prepare the wood for winter. I still havesomething to do. “
A lifetime of toil, it seems, takes very fewpeople to an early grave in this region. Scientists admit there appears to besomething in the Azeri mountains that gives local people a longer, healthierlife than most.
Miri Ismai lov?s family in the tiny village ofTatoni are convinced that they know what it is. Mr. Ismailov is 110, hisgreat-great-grandson is four. They share one proud boast: Neither has been to adoctor. “There arehundreds of herbs on the mountain, and we use them all in our cooking and formedicines”; explainedMr. Ismailov?s daughter, Elmira. “We know exactly what they can do. We are our own doctors.，?
There is one herb for high blood pressure，another for kidney stones，and a third for a hacking cough.They are carefully collected from the slopes surrounding the village. Expertsfrom the Azerbaijan Academy of Science believe the herbs may be part of theanswer. They have been studying longevity in this region for years. It began asa rare joint Soviet-American project in the 1980s，but these studies are not being funded any more.
Azeri scientists have isolated a type of saffronunique to the southern mountains as one thing that seems to increase longevity.Another plant, made into a paste, dramatically increases the amount of milkthat animals are able to produce. “Now we have to examine these plantsclinically to find out which substances have this effect,” said ChingizGassimov, a scientist at the academy.
The theory that local people have also developed agenetic predisposition to long life has been strengthened by the study of agroup of Russian emigres whose ancestors were exiled to the Caucasus 200 yearsago.2 T he Russians? life span is much shorter than that of the indigenousmountain folk — though it is appreciably longer than that of their ancestorsleft behind in the Russian heartland.
“Over the decades，I believe local conditions have begun to have a positive effect onthe new arrivals” , Professor Gassimov said.“It?s been slowly transferred down the generations.”
But Mr. Ismailov, gripping his stout wooden cane,has been around for too long to get overexcited. “There?s no secret,” heshrugged dismissively. “I loo k after the cattle and I eat well. Life goes on.”
词汇：
herd/ h?:d / vt．放牧
boast/ b?ust / vt．以有……而自豪
longevity/ l?n?d?eviti / n．长寿
Caucasus/丨?k?:k?s?s / n．高加索
Dismissively/dis'misivli/ adv．轻蔑地
spectacular/ spek?tækjul? / adj．壮观的
hackingcough干咳
saffron/ ?sæfr?n / n．藏红花
indigenous/ ?n?d?d??n?s / adj．本土的
注释：
1．He lost count long ago of how manygrandchildren he has.他很久以前就数不清他有多少个孙辈孩子。lost count：弄不清楚，数不清
2．The theory that local people havealso developed a genetic predisposition to long life has been strengthened bythe study of a group of Russian emigres whose ancestors were exiled to theCaucasus 200 years ago.当地人已经具备长寿的遗传素质，一组关于俄罗斯移民的研究证实了这一理论。他们的祖先在两百年前被流放到高加索地区。genetic predisposition：遗传素质
练习：
1．Amburdere is a city in Southern Azerbaijan.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
2．Allahverdi Ibadov does not know exactly how old he is.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
3．Mr. Ibadov can?t do any kind of work anymore.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
4．Miri Ismailov has never been toa doctor but his great-great-grandson has.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
5．People in this region enjoy aeasy and rich life.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
6．Elmira Ismailov is a doctor who uses herbs as medicines.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
7．Scientists think people?s genes might affect how long they live.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1．A从第一段的第二句前半句The view from Amburdere in southern Azerbaijan toward the Iranianborder is spectacular中的Amburdere in southern Azerbaijan可以看出，Amburdere在Azerbaijan的南部。
2．A通过第三段的第一句中的Mr. Ibadov, whose birth was not registered until he was a toddler以及at least 105 years old可以断定，连他自己也不知道他的确切年龄。
3．B从第四段的Mr. Ibadov自己的叙述：“I?m an old man now I look after the sheep, and I prepare the woodfor winter. I still have something to do. ”可以看出，Ibadov仍旧在劳作。
4．B第六段讲的是Miri Ismailov一家人都住在一个小山村里，他110岁，他的玄孙4岁，他们有同一个引以为豪的事：都没有看过医生。本句说Ismailov 没有看过医生，而他的玄孙看过医生。
5．C句的意思是：这个地区的人们生活无忧无虑且富足。本文虽然提到这个地区的人们身体健康且长寿，但没有提及他们的生活情况。
6．B第六段和第七段虽然讲我们是我们自己的医生，这是一个比喻，意思是我们不用医生，我们吃的东西（山上的植物）具有保健作用。所以Elmira的职业不是医生。
7．A本句的意思是：科学家们认为，基因可能影响人们的寿命。第九段的第一句所表达的意思与本句相符：当地人具备了长寿的遗传素质（genetic predisposition)，他们具有长寿基因。
补全短文
第十四篇
A Memory Drug?
IT?S DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE MANY THINGS that peoplewould welcome more than a memory-enhancing drug. ____1____ Furthermore, such adrug could help people remember past experiences more clearly and help usacquire new information more easily for school and at work. As scientists learnmore about memory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.1
Some of the most exciting evidence comes fromresearch that has built on earlier findings linking LTP2 and memoryto identify a gene that improves memory in mice. ____2____ Mice bred to haveextra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors，more LTP，and improved performance on severaldifferent memory tasks — learning a spatial layout3, recognizingfamiliar objects，and recallinga
fear-inducing shock.
If these basic insights about genes, LTP, and thesynaptic basis of memory can be translated to people — and that remains to beseen — they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments. ____3____ Asexciting as this may sound, it also raises troubling issues. Consider thepotential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memoryenhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire andretain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far morerapidly in school than they could otherwise. How well could the brain handlesuch an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don?t
haveaccess to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school — and asa result handicapped later in life?
____4____ Imagine that you are applying for a jobthat requires a good memory，such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position thatrequires remembering customers? names as well as the attributes of differentproducts and s ervices. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase yourchances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable takingsuch a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?
Memory drugs might also help take the sting out ofdisturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can?t.4 The2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a youngman seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup.As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionallyarousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have alreadymuted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones.Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that canburden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should suchdrugs be given to rape victims who can?t forget the trauma? Memory drugs mightprovide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with
anind ividual?s ability to assimilate and come to terms with a
difficultexperience?5 ____5____
词汇：
tantalizing/ ?tænt?la?z?? /adj．诱人的
synaptic/ s??næpt?k / adj．(解剖学）突触的
steroid/ ?st??r?? d / n．类固醇
onslaught/ ??nsl?:t / n．大量
lucrative/ ?lu:kr?t?v / adj．有利可图的
hit/hit / n．(演出等）成功
注释：
1．As scientists learn more aboutmemory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.
随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。
2．LTP&SNMDA：(Long-term Potentiation)给突触前纤维一个短暂的髙频剌激后，突触传递效率和强度增加几倍且能持续数小时至几天保持这种增强的现象。LTP 发现海马LTP可能是学习记忆的分子基础。1973年Bliss及其合作者，电刺激麻醉兔的内嗅皮层，使海马表层的穿通纤维兴奋，可在齿状回记录到场电位。先用高频电刺激几秒钟后，再用单个电刺激，记录到的部分场电位幅度大大超过原先记录的对照值，并可持续几小时，几天。这一现象称为长时程增强效应(LTP)。1983年发现NMDA(N—甲基一D—门冬氨酸）受体通道复合体在LTP过程中起重要作用，进一步深化了对LTP在大脑学习记忆中作用的理解。
3．a spatial layout：空间布局
4．Memory drugs might also help takethe sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can?t：增强记忆药对我们想忘记却又不能的令人烦扰的记忆变得令人易于接受。take the sting out of：使……易于被接受；使……令人感到愉快
5．But could they also interfere withan individual?s ability to assimilate a nd come to terms with a difficultexperience? 中的come toterms with：让步；屈服
练习：
A Like steroids for bulking up the muscles, these drugs would bulk upmemory.
B A memory enhancer could help eliminate forgetting associated withaging and disease.
C What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs forthe workplace?
D We may find ourselves struggling with these kinds of questions inthe
not-too-distant future.
E There is a pill that you could take every day to allow you toremember everything.
F The gene makes a protein that assists the NMDA2 receptor，which plays an important role inlong-term memory by helping to initiate LTP.
答案与题解：
1．B依据上一句的“很难想象一种提高人们记忆力的药会受到人们吹捧”；下面应该对这一现象做出解释，即这种药物有什么疗效；而后一句的Furthermore这一指示词起到了递进的作用，进一步说明这种药物的益处。More than ：非常，极其，十分
2．F前一句的关键词是gene、LTP和mice，它讲的是有些令人兴奋的证据是从研究中得出的；该研究基于早期连接LTP和记忆的发现，该结果确定了提髙老鼠记忆的基因；而后一句进一步阐述这一发现，开头的mice可以是一个连接词。3．A前一句讲：如果这种结果用于人类的话，人们就有可能把提高人的记忆力用于临床。这一句讲：就像类固醇用于提髙人的肌肉能力，这种药物也可以提高人的记忆力。
4．C一般情况下，每一段的第一句都是本段的主题句。而该句是一个问句：这种提高记忆力的药物用于职场有什么潜在的启示呢？紧接着本段其余几句都提出关于这种药物是否会对职场的提升有什么影响的问题。
5．D本句是全文的最后一句。应该是总结性的。鉴于前面都列举了这种提高记忆力的药所面临的一系列问题，所以，我们在不久的将来要面临这些问题。
职称英语查词典的技巧 职称英语是闭卷考，但允许考生携带词典进入考场。关于词典，国家有明确的规定，以下词典不允许带入考场： 有职称字样的词典不要带入考场; 针对职称英语考试编写的词典不能带入考场; 电子出版物，即电子词典不能带入考场。 其它的词典国家没有明确的规定。因此建议尽量选择具备同义词、收词量相对较大的词典。 此外，能否取胜职称英语，掌握查词典的技巧，尤其是合理分配查词典的时间也是很关键的。 在以往的`考试中，很多考生把词典当成“救命稻草”，抱着一大堆各种类型的词典进考场。但往往不是多数词典派不上用场，就是因为翻词典而浪费了大量的时间无法做完 ___，因此，建议:要有针对性地带词典。例如针对英语考试中的第一部分词汇题，老师建议考生带一本同义词词典或双解词典，这类词典的特点是用几个同义词注解某一英文单词，考生可以非常方便地在注解中找到答案。
其次，为了节省时间，考生最好是带自己经常使用、习惯了其编排规律的词典。在以往的考试中，甚至有少数考生对英语词典中字母表排列顺序的规律都不了解，这等于把这一得力工具浪费了。 综上所述，带一本自己常用的，正规的双解词典就好了，因为是去参加考试，不是去翻字典。 对于词汇选择题，最好从B、C两个选项查起。根据美国权威机构通过对标准化考试的研究与分析，选择题的4个选项中，B、C两个选项是正确答案的可能性更高。从这2个选项查起，更能节约考试时间。 重点查阅单词的常用解释。单词与汉语一样，一个单词可能同时有好几个解释，但是职称英语考试中一般都只会考察单词的常用意思，因此有多个解释的单词只需查阅其前三个解释即可。 一旦将答案确定，不要再查询其它单词，以免浪费时间。有些考生希望能确认或是不太肯定所选择答案，往往就把4个选项均查询了一遍，不仅浪费了时间，也可能将原本的正确答案修改了，第一感觉是很重要的!
卷一： 真题：中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。 参考答案： The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some o f which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, forexa mple, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now. The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money withoutlimits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. T heword dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarde d as a special wordto call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gol d when th e gold price decreasedsharply not long ago. Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, ab out 120 Chinesewords have been added to it, becoming a part of English lang uage. 卷二： 最近中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Science )出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一 年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。 Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction. 卷三： 北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划
第四篇 Animal?s “Sixth Sense” A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, 1 , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that 1 they possess a “sixth sense” for 2 , experts said. Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island?s coast clearly 3 wild beasts, with no dead animals found. “N o elephants arc dead, not 4 a dead rabbit. I think animals can 5 disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka?s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The 6 washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka?s biggest wildlife 7 and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards. “There has been a lot of 8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no ＿10＿ studies because you can?t really test it in a lab or field setting 2 ,” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this 11 . “Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain 12 , especially birds … there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife. Animals 13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger slid as predators. The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or 14 other mythical power is an enduring one 3 which the evidence on Sri Lanka?s ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls 15 omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special power or attributes. 词汇： tsunami /tsju:5nB:mi / n.海啸 concur /kEn5kE: / v.(with)同意，赞成 trigger /5tri^E / v.引发，触发 impending /im5pendiN / adj.迫近的 ravaged adj.被毁坏的 predator /5predEtE / n.食肉动物 leopard /5lepEd / n.豹 mythical /5miWikEl/ adj.神话般的 eruption /i5rQpFEn / n.喷发 owl /Eul / n.猫头鹰 migrate /mai5^reit / v.迁移 omen /5Eumen / n.预兆，征兆 volcanic /vCl5kAnik / adj.火山的 endow /in5dau / v.赋予注释: 1. adds weight to notions that ：更加相信…… 2. field setting ：field 意为“实地，野外”， setting 意为“环境”。 field setting 可译为“野外环境”。 3. enduring one ：由来已久的信念。 one 指代在句首出现的， noiton enduring 意为“持久的，永久的”。练习：
职称英语核心词汇汇总
职称英语考试备考技巧 一、词汇： 需要考生在最后阶段练习查字典，建议一天练习查60对，而且一个词汇题要反、正查，同时也要进行职称考试中常考词汇的记忆，这样可以在考试时提高速度，节省时间。 词汇题一般情况下仅凭字典一般也能做对，因此考生对自己不认识、不熟悉或没有绝对把握的题一定要通过字典来确认，从而确保词汇题100%的正确率。特别提醒考生，考试时要带上一本带有同义词的词典。且词典不能含有职称、考试等字样，更不能带电子词典。 二、阅读判断： 答题时需掌握一条原则，就是在文章中有明确提出的才能确定为对。题目中若出现must、only、all、always等时，答案一般不会是对的。 除上面的原则外，一般根据下列原则和规律也可以确定正确答案。选择A、B或C的三种情况： 选A的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全一致或基本一致 选B的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全相反 选C的情况：如果某题干部分或局部信息在原文中未提到 三、概括大意和完成句子： 概括大意要先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落。完成句子则要根据所给的短句进行选择，比较好的方法是找同类动词。 同时读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。 四、阅读理解： 首先要重点掌握教材上的阅读理解的重点文章的背诵，来抓住出自教材上的分数，这是顺利通过考试很关键的一步。
同时充分利用老师在课上讲的解题技巧，如大标题做题法、红花绿叶原则、顺序出题原则、关键词回归定位法通过做模拟试题来进行解题技巧的演练和应用。 在做题时要注意：搞清主旨题、细节题、推理题、逻辑关系题、观点态度题。注意标题、首尾段、首尾句、逻辑关系处、细节处等出题点；在阅读时见到日期、数量等要先做好标记，这样有重点有理有节的解题，才有可能取得满意的成绩。 五、补全短文： 要先看标题定文体，再看选项，观察选项时应注意抓主干，猜大意，弄清选项大意是表示定义、因果、例子还是措施；不要放过代词、专用名字、连接词、数字等特征词；然后回头再去看课文，明确1-5的位置。 解每道题时只需要阅读该题所在段落，不需要阅读其他段落。往往通过阅读该题目的前后句就能够确定答案，在考试时，应该注意利用以下前后句子存在的关系来做题： (1)利用转折关系 (2)利用归纳总结关系 (3)利用总分关系 (4)利用并列关系 六、完形填空： (1)掌握教材上的文章内容，尤其是2013年新增文章。把这些文章在考前一个月内，争取背到“滚瓜烂熟”，这样，就算考试时怎样变化都可以应付。 (2)语法知识的总结和固定搭配、词组的记忆。这样在做题时，阅读整篇文章，考生才能从头判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、时态、语态，并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义，最后从给出的四个选项中，选出在语法与词义上均与原文相符合的一个。除掌握以上解题技巧外，考生最好配合在模拟真实的考试时间进行模拟试题的演练，这样不但可以直接掌握复习效果，还可以迅速找到自己的薄弱环节，通过单项训练，逐一提高成绩。最后，提醒考生，在抓紧时间复习的同时要放松心情，以轻松的心态迎接考试。预祝顺利通过考试！ 全国职称英语考试必过秘籍（免背单词+免读全文版） 1、试题概况及答题顺序 1.1、必杀技：见下表中“答题顺序”：
+141阅读判断 A Dog’s Dilemma 1. The African wild dog has been endangered. A. Right 2. The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction. B. Wrong 3. The remaining lions will die out within decades. C. Not mentioned 4. The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young. B. Wrong 5. There is a tension between babysitting and hunting. A. Right 6. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive. A. Right 7. Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog. C. Not mentioned The National Trust 1. The National Trust is financed by both （…）government allocations. B. Wrong 2. British people’s (…) been increasing. A. Right 3. Lord Lothian was one of the founders of the National Trust. C. Not mentioned 4. The Trust’s “Country House (…)to 150 old houses or so. A. Right 5. A project which is to fortify a 16th (…) approved by the National Trust. B. Wrong 6. The public may (…) food and beverage. C. Not mentioned 7. The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain.A. Right Lower Body Fat Means Better Performance 1. Fans can be very critical of a fashion model's figure. A. Right 2. People like football stars more than they like pop stars. C. Not mentioned 3.Ronaldinho is a well-known Spanish star. B. Wrong 4. The president of Brazil showed no concern about Ronaldo's figure. B. Wrong 5. According to Carlos Alberto (…) shape has changed, A. Right 6. The football game demands a lot from players. A. Right 7. Ronaldinho often goes to pubs. C. Not mentioned 概括大意与完成句子 Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing 1. Paragraph 2 E Gift of Talking 2. Paragraph3 C Strength of the Creative Economy 5. Every country has its own way C to feed its people 6. The British government doesn’t seem F to worry about the British economy 7. The creative industries find it difficult E to make a profit 8. Many graduates are employed B to do low-skill jobs
2014.12.1st 反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然地感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。 Rural life ideals reflected in Chinese arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This is largely attributed to feelings of Taoism to the nature. There are two most popular themes in traditional Chinese paintings. One is various scenes of happy family life with the elderly drinking teas and playing chess, men plowing and harvesting, women sewing and weaving, or children playing outdoors. The other is a variety of fun in rural life with a fisherman fishing on the lake, farmers cutting firewood or collecting medicinal herbs, scholars reciting poems or painting pictures under a pine tree. These two themes represent separately Confucian and Taoist ideal life.
2014职称英语《综合B》真题及答案 第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1.The group does not advocate the use of violence. A.support B.limit C.regulate D.oppose 2.His stomach felt hollow with fear. A.empty B.sincere C.respectful D.terrible 3.His professional career spanned 16 years. A.started B.changed C.moved https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011114024.html,sted 4.His knowledge of French is fair. A.very useful B.very limited C.rather special D.quite good 5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. A.disappointment B.excitement C.anger D.calm 6.It was a magic night until the spell was broken. A.charm B.time C.space D.opportunity 7.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. A.parts
B.pains C.aspects D.results 8.He led a very moral life. A.human B.intelligent C.natural D.honorable 9.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. A.discover B.prove C.consider D.imagine 10.Several windows had been smashed. A.cleaned B.replaced C.broken D.fixed 11.London quickly became a flourishing port. A.successful B.major https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011114024.html,rge https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011114024.html,mercial 12.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A.copy B.publish C.summarize D.furnish 13.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. A.hidden B.traditional C.official D.inflexible 14.The majority of people around here are decent. A.real B.honest C.normal D.wealthy
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011114024.html,/ .375. School Lunch Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day.In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime.Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents.There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables,as well as meat,a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta.Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks,crisps and chocolate bars.Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunch time. The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot criticise parents,but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk,fruit and vegetables.Small changes in their children’s diet can_affect their future health.Children can easily develop bad eating_habits at this age,and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.A Powerful Influence There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference1to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers? Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,absorbed in some game,instead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should_make of the Internet,and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework.If the child is not holding to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is_seriously alarmed about a child’s behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child’s performance at school.Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase,and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable,like people with contagious diseases.The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London’s gates was removed a century ago,but by a stroke of luck,it was never destroyed. This gate is,in actual fact,not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar,and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878the Council of London took the Bar down,numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970’s with the intention of returning the gate home.The aim of the Trust is the preservation of the nation’s architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down,stone by stone,removing and rebuilding it near St Paul’s Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced,though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest job of all,however,will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a fairly short history,like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family’s past.It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and_cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just treat it as an interesting possibility.A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your way.The most important thing,though,is to get started.Who knows what you might find? Helen and Martin With a thoughtful sigh,Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair.Would her brother never arrive?For a brief moment,she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now,as she sat waiting for him,she experienced no more than a sister’s curiosity to see what had become of her brother. Almost without warning,Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office.Somehow the two of them hadn’t bothered to keep in touch and,left alone,Helen had slowly found
2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析 一、来源：今年的文章来源于An outline of American history(1954)(《美国历史纲要(1954年英文版)》)，是其中一章The Colonial Period(殖民时期)的节选。这个符合历年来翻译的考查规律，往往都是从书籍中节选段落进行翻译，内容相对于阅读而言，相对于2014年“贝多芬”而言，有些难懂。 二、难度：5句话共151词，相当平稳。其中48题最长，35词;50题最简单，24词。可以说，不同基础的同学都可以从中找到自己熟悉的部分，不至于在这个题上一分未得。 三、句型特点：今年的5句话中，有2句(46，48)是简单句，另外3句(47，49，50)是复合句。其中的复合句无一例外都考查的是定语从句的翻译，并没有涉及到其他从句类型。简单句中考查最多的也是后置定语的翻译。所以，中公考研考前为大家预测的难点中，定语的翻译是绝对考点和重点。 四、逐题详解： 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 重点词组：out of a wilderness(摆脱荒凉)，by its nature(就其本质而言，从本质来说)，uncharted(未知的;图上未标明的)。 结构分析：整个句子是一个简单句，由and并列谓语动词built和shaped。driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语，修饰movement;out of a wilderness是后置定语，修饰nation;of an uncharted continent是后置定语，修饰character and destiny。 参考译文：这项运动，由多种强大的动机驱动，建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家，并且从本质上来讲，塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 重点词组：product(产物)，principal(主要的;首要的)，peoples(民族)，impact(影响) 结构分析：句子的主干是The United States is the product of two principal forces，破折号解释说明forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics是后置定语，修饰immigration;of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语，修饰impact，其中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰country。 参考译文：美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民，和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 重点词组：peculiar(特有的，独特的)，interplay(互相影响)，sheer(独特的) 结构分析：整个句子是简单句，主语由三个名词短语用and并列承担，谓宾部分比较短小caused significant changes。主语1中，of geographic conditions peculiar to America是后置