《国际贸易实务》双语课堂案例剖析
Chapter Two and Three
General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction&
Contracts for the International Trade
Case One 案例一
1.Mr. Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr. Chen .The sales was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong. During execution of the contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form an interpretation of the contract. In such a case, did the law of the USA or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why?
Case Two 案例二
2.Mr. Anderson intended to sell a plane to Mr. Johnson. In his cable, Mr. Anderson offered: “Confirm sale of a plane…Please send 5000 pounds by telegraphic transfer.” Mr. Johnson cabled back immediately: “Confirm purchase of your plane, terms and conditions same as your cable. I’ve sent the 5000 pounds to your Account Bank who keeps your money on your behalf until delivery of the plane. Please confirm delivery within 30 days from the date of this cable.”Mr. Anderson did not reply and sold the plane to another buyer at a much higher price. Disagreements occurred between the two parties about whether the contract was concluded effectively. In such a case, was the contract concluded? Why?
Case Three 案例三
3. A Chinese export company sent on July 1 an offer to a French trading company ,stipulating for the reply to reach them before July 10. The French trading company cabled its acceptance of the offer on July 8. Because of the delay by the post office, the acceptance did not reach the Chinese company till on the morning of July 11.And before receiving the acceptance, the Chinese company was informed that the prices of the said products were rising rapidly，the seller refused the acceptance immediately.
Question: Was the acceptance effective? Why?
Case Four 案例四
4.A French buyer visited a Chinese trading company to buy some goods in the morning. When Chinese seller offered the price, he didn’t say anything. But in the afternoon, the French buyer visited again and accepted the morning’s offer. At this moment, Chinese company found the price of this goods on the international market was rising, so how could the Chinese trading company deal with? Why?
Case Five 案例五
5. Our company made an offer with Italian buyer, which is valid before 10th of this month. Because of the post bureau’s late in delivery, we have received the acceptance on 11th. At this
moment, we found the price of these goods on the market was rising, How can we do?
Case Six 案例六
6. Company A made an offer for a farm product to Company B stating: “Packing in sound bags”. Within the validity, Company B replied “Refer to your telex first accepted, packing in new bags”.On receiving the reply, Company A began to purchase the goods for export. Days later, as market price of the commodity was falling, Company B wrote to Company A “No contract is entered between us, as you failed to confirm our changing of the packing requirement.” Company A argued that Company B’s acceptance was effective and the contract was established then. Question:
1)What is your opinion?
2)Give the reason to support your opinion
3)How to prevent such dispute.
Case Seven 案例七
7. In 1996, a certain export company of China sent a group of businessman to the United States for purchase of equipment. In New York, both parties reached an oral agreement on such items as specifications, unit price, and quantity. Upon leaving, the group indicated to the other party that, when they go back to Beijing, they would draw a contract, which would become effective after being signed by both parties. After going back to Beijing, the group found that the clients withdrew their import of the equipment, and thus the contract was not signed and the L/C was not opened either. The US side urged the Chinese side to perform the contract; otherwise they would lodge a claim with the Chinese side in the US. Please analyze the case and give an opinion on how the Chinese export company was to deal with this case and why?
Case Eight 案例八
8. A Chinese export company sent on June 1 an offer to a businessman living in Italy, stipulating for the reply to reach them before June 10. The Italian businessman cabled his acceptance of the offer on June 8. Because of the delay by the post office, the acceptance did not reach the Chinese company till on the morning of June 11. And before receiving the acceptance, the Chinese company was informed that the prices of the said products were rising rapidly. What do you think is the best way for the Chinese company to deal with this case? Why?
Chapter Two and Three
General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction&
Contracts for the International Trade
Analysis: 案例分析
1 The law of the United States of America applies to this contract because: (a) this was a CIF contract; (b) the place of conclusion of the contract was in the USA; (c) the place of the execution of the contract was also in the USA. The seller completed these responsibilities after he delivered the goods at the port of the USA.
2. This contract was not concluded effectively. Item 1 of Article 19 of the CISG indicates, " A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection to the offer and constitutes a counter-offer.
In this case, though Mr. Johnson accepted Mr. Anderson's offer, his acceptance contained some additions to and modifications of the offer; for example, Mr. Anderson asked for " telegraphic transfer", Mr. Johnson sent the money to the bank to be kept there. According to Item 3 of Article 19 of the CISG, alteration to the mode of payment is material one, thus Mr. Johnson might keep silent and reject the acceptance.
3.According to Item 2 of Article 21 of CISG: “If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect. In this case, in order to avoid unnecessary loss, the Chinese company should telephone or dispatch immediately a notice informing that the acceptance is ineffective as it is late.
4.中国与法国均系《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》缔约国，洽谈过程中，双方对《公约》均未排除或作出任何保留。因此，双方当事人均应受该《公约》约束。按《公约》规定：对口头要约，须立即接受方能成立合同。据此，我方鉴于市场有趋涨迹象，可以予以拒绝或提高售价继续洽谈。
5. 中国与意大利均系《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》缔约国，该案双方洽谈过程中，均未排除或作出任何保留，因此，双方当事人均应受《公约》约束。我方于11日收到意商的接受电报属因传递延误而造成的逾期接受。因此，如我方不能同意此项交易，应即复电通知对方：我方原发盘已经失效。如我方鉴于其他原因，愿按原发盘达成交易，订立合同，可回电确信，也可不予答复，此时接受即告失效。
6. A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。而B公司对该发盘中包装条款进行了修改，可视为还盘，或新的发盘，B公司发出还盘后A 公司未进行回复，虽然它用行动表明受B公司发盘约束，但没有明确向B公司表示接受，
此时认为合同未成立。因此，B公司以此为由，拒不履行合同。A公司将陷入被动。
为了避免出现此情况，A公司在收到B公司发盘时，应及时表示接受。
7.According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member cou ntries of the CISG, China declared that it won’t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles. That is to say, any kind of contracts in China must be evidencing by writing. In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract. This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.
8.According to Item 2 of Article 21 of CISG: “If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect. In this case, in order to avoid unnecessary loss, the Chinese company should telephone or dispatch immediately a notice informing that the acceptance is ineffective as it is late.
Chapter Four Trade Term
Case One 案例一
1. A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sale Contract with a Holland firm on August 5, 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contract was based on CIF Rotterdam at USD 2500 per metric ton. The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean on board Bill of Lading. During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the good, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller. How would you deal with the case?
Case Two 案例二
2. A Chinese trading company E concluded a transaction in steel with a Hong Kong company W on the basis of FOB China Port. Company W immediately resold the steel to Company H in Libya on the terms of CFR Liberia. The L/C form W required the price term to be FOB China Port and the goods to be directly delivered to Liberia. The L/C also required “Freight Prepaid”to be indicated on Bill of Lading. Why did Company W perform so? What should we do about it?
Case Three 案例三
3. A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sale Contract with a German firm on October 5, 2006, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contract was based on CIF Hamburg at USD 2500 per metric
ton; The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean on board B/L. During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller.
Question: (1) Is the buyer’s refusal reasonable? Why?
(2)How should the buyer to deal with the loss?
Case Four 案例四
4．Company A signed a sales contract with a foreign buyer for exporting Tea Sets, under FOB term. At the buyer’s request, the seller agreed to charter a vessel at buyer’s account. When the date of shipment became due, the seller was still unable to get a vessel for shipment. The buyer not only disagreed to modify the date of shipment, but also cancelled the contract and claimed for loss, because the seller failed to effect shipment within the time stipulated in the contract. Is the seller responsible for failure to effect shipment for his inability to charter a ship?
Case Five 案例五
5. A firm imported a shipment of bed sheets under CIF term. On receiving the goods, the importer found that some of bed sheets were damp during transport. Meanwhile, the seller had negotiated documents, and the importer was requested to make payment for the imports. Whether the buyer should make payment, if the goods are damaged during transport?
Case Six 案例六
6. On FOB term basis, Seller A prepared the goods at the stipulated time, meanwhile , Buyer B informed A of the name of vessel and the date of shipment ,when the goods is lifted to the ship, it fell down on the deck ,so now who shall take responsibility? Seller or Buyer?
Case Seven 案例七
7. A merchant in South America placed an order with a Chinese export company for a certain commodity on CFR Asuncion terms .With a view to develop new markets, the export company immediately made an offer abroad on the basis of CFR Asuncion, and the transaction was soon concluded. When shipping the goods, however, this company came to realize that Asuncion is an inland city. As was the case, if the company had the goods transported to Asuncion, it had to , first of all, have the goods transported by sea to a seaport in Argentina or some other South American neighboring country. After that, the goods might be transport to Asuncion through river transportation or inland transportation. As a result, this company had to pay a considerable sum of freight charges. What can we learn from this case?
Chapter Four Trade Term
Analysis: 案例分析
1. It was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. In this case, the contract concluded between the seller and the buyer was on CIF terms, according to which, the seller’s responsibilities ended when he loaded the goods on board the ship and paid the freight and insurance premium; the risk separation was the side of the ship; that is to say, the risks were transferred to the buyer or the other parties concerned after the seller put the goods on board the ship. Since the documents presented by the seller were right and proper, the seller could directly get paid form the Issuing Bank of the L/C.
However, part of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Does this mean that the buyer suffered loss? It is definitely not the case because there are other two sub-contracts existing on CIF terms-I/P and Bill of Lading. In this case the buyer could claim damages with the insurance company, but he had to take delivery of the goods. Obviously, the actual reason for the buyer’s refusal to accept the goods in this case was that the prices of the goods were going down. This is, certainly, unjustified.
2. In this case the contract was concluded between Company E and Company W on FOB term, according to which the seller (Company E) ended his responsibilities when he delivered the goods on board the ship at the port of shipment. He did not need to pay for transportation of the goods or the insurance premium. Therefore, it was not right for W to ask E to pay the freight and indicate “Freight Repaid” on the Bill of Lading. The reason why W asked E to do that might be that he wanted to transfer the freight charges to E.
However, in practical dealings, foreign trade companies often come across such situations, especially when a contract is concluded with an agent, who wants to resells the goods. In this case, E might comply with W’s request, but he had to indicated that the freight should be borne by W.
3.(1)It was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. In this case, the contract concluded between the seller and the buyer was on CIF terms, according to which, the seller’s responsibilities ended when he loaded the goods on board the ship and paid the freight and insurance premium; the risk separation was the side of the ship; that is to say, the risks were transferred to the buyer or the other parties concerned after the seller put the goods on board the ship. Since the documents presented by the seller were right and proper, the seller could directly get paid form the Issuing Bank of the L/C.
(2)In this case the buyer could claim damages with the insurance company, but he had to take delivery of the goods.
4. 在FOB术语下，作为买方必须负责租船订舱。此案，买方要求卖方代其租船订舱，卖方仅为代办性质，租船产生的法律后果由买方承担。因此，卖方为能租船的责任应该有买方自己承担。买方要求取消合同，赔偿损失的请求是不合理的。
5. 在CIF术语下，货物的风险划分以启运港的船舷为界，当货物越过船舷后，买方就必须承担货物的一切风险。此案中，合同双方签订了CIF合同，卖方提供了全套清洁单据，且床单潮湿发生在货损途中。因此，买方必须履行付款义务。对于货物的损失，买方可向包厢公司提出索赔。如果买方能够举证床单潮湿是由于包装不良所致，他可向卖方提出索赔。
6. FOB , CFR 与CIF风险划分都是以船舷为界，当货物在装运过程中，未越过船舷，跌落海中，则风险应由卖方承担，当货物越过船舷，跌落在甲板，买方应承担相应风险。本案中，货物跌落入甲板，买方能够承担风险是毫无疑问的。
7. In this case the loss was caused simply because of the ignorance on the part of the export businessman. What we can learn from this case is that, when offering abroad, we must make exact calculations of the total freight and other relevant charges. Most importantly, it is very beneficial for every export businessman to learn geography.
Quantity Quality and Packing of the Goods
Case One 案例一
1. A Chinese export company exported some boxes of apple to Japan, according to the contract two parties concluded, the apple should be Grade Two. But when the seller make the shipment, they found some of the apple was corrupt because of damp weather , so in order to deliver the goods in time, the seller arrange goods immediately and sent the apple (Grade One) instead, and the Chinese company still marked “ Price be still fixed on Grade Two.”
Question: Do you think whether the exporter fulfill the duty on contract? Why?
Case Two 案例二
2. Our company exported some kinds of agricultural products to Germany, it is stipulated in the contract that:“Moisture-------11 % Max, Impurity---------3% Max” .But we sent the sample to buyer before concluded, and inform the buyer by fax that the goods we delivered is similar to the sample. When the goods arrived in Germany, the buyer inspected the goods and found the quality of goods is lower than the sample, and of course they raise a claim for USD 6000.
Question: Do you think the buyer’s claim is reasonable, why?
Case Three 案例三
3. A company purchased four kinds of steel plate: 4000M/T. and the type is 6 inch, 8 inch, 10 inch and 12 inch. The quantity is 100M/T each size, and the contract marked that: “5% more or less for each size, at seller’s option”When the seller delivered the goods, the quantity is :6 inch-----70M/T; 8 inch-----80 M/T; 10 inch--------60 M/T;12 inch--------210 M/T. And the total quantity is 420 M/T. When the exporter submits the full set of document, the importer refuses to receive the goods owing to quantity problems.
Question: Do you think the importer’s action is reasonable? List your reasons
Case Four 案例四
4. A Britain company purchased 300 cases of fruit cans with an Australian company, the contract is stipulated as follow: “Pack in cases with 30 cans each case”When the buyer picked up the goods, they found half quantity was packed as stipulated. But the other part was packed in 90 cases with 60 cans each. The buyer refused the goods immediately. But the seller informed that 30 cans each case is not the core part of contract, the total quantity is correct and the quality is similar to the stipulation in the contract, so the buyer should accept it.
Question: Which party breach the contract? Why?
Quantity Quality and Packing of the Goods
Analysis: 案例分析
1.The exporter didn’t fulfill his obligation. Though the exporter made shipment on time, in order to deliver the apples in good quality, he arranged the goods with higher quality, but the quality is not similar to the level on the contract. So the seller breaches the contract. If the buyer lodges a claim, the seller will suffer the loss.
In order to avoid the problem, the seller should ask for the buyer’s opinion firstly.
2.买方的索赔要求是合理的，此案中，虽然合同对商品的品质提出了要求，但卖方在成交前寄送样品的行为本身即表明该批货物既凭说明买卖（sale by description）,又凭样品买卖（sale by sample）。因此，买方在对商品进行检验后发现与样品不符提出索赔的要求是合情合理的。卖方的失误在于使用两种方式约束商品品质对其不利。
3.In international trade, the more or less clause has ample meaning , it means not only the total quantity should be subject to the stipulation, but also the quantity in each type. In this case, though the total quantity has not surpassed the 5%, but the quantity in each type is far away from the stipulation in the contract. So we consider that the seller has breached the quantity clause. and the importer refuse the goods owing to quantity problems is reasonable.
4.有些国家的法律，把买卖分为两类，一种叫凭样品买卖，一种叫凭说明买卖。后者所包括的范围很广，不仅涉及商品品质方面的问题，也包括数量，甚至包括合同中有关装运期、包装和货物花式搭配方面的陈述。按照英国买卖法的规定，凡合同中一切有关货物“说明”的事项都是合同的要件，如有违反，买方有权拒收货物，并可以提出索赔。本案例中，英国法认为，包装是属于“说明”的组成部分，属于要件，卖方违背合同要件，买方有理由拒收全部货物，也可以接受合乎规定部分，拒收不合规定部分，并提出损害赔偿。
《国际贸易实务》双语课堂案例剖析 Chapter Two and Three General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction& Contracts for the International Trade Case One 案例一 1.Mr. Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr. Chen .The sales was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong. During execution of the contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form an interpretation of the contract. In such a case, did the law of the USA or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why? Case Two 案例二 2.Mr. Anderson intended to sell a plane to Mr. Johnson. In his cable, Mr. Anderson offered: “Confirm sale of a plane…Please send 5000 pounds by telegraphic transfer.” Mr. Johnson cabled back immediately: “Confirm purchase of your plane, terms and conditions same as your cable. I’ve sent the 5000 pounds to your Account Bank who keeps your money on your behalf until delivery of the plane. Please confirm delivery within 30 days from the date of this cable.”Mr. Anderson did not reply and sold the plane to another buyer at a much higher price. Disagreements occurred between the two parties about whether the contract was concluded effectively. In such a case, was the contract concluded? Why? Case Three 案例三 3. A Chinese export company sent on July 1 an offer to a French trading company ,stipulating for the reply to reach them before July 10. The French trading company cabled its acceptance of the offer on July 8. Because of the delay by the post office, the acceptance did not reach the Chinese company till on the morning of July 11.And before receiving the acceptance, the Chinese company was informed that the prices of the said products were rising rapidly，the seller refused the acceptance immediately. Question: Was the acceptance effective? Why? Case Four 案例四 4.A French buyer visited a Chinese trading company to buy some goods in the morning. When Chinese seller offered the price, he didn’t say anything. But in the afternoon, the French buyer visited again and accepted the morning’s offer. At this moment, Chinese company found the price of this goods on the international market was rising, so how could the Chinese trading company deal with? Why? Case Five 案例五 5. Our company made an offer with Italian buyer, which is valid before 10th of this month. Because of the post bureau’s late in delivery, we have received the acceptance on 11th. At this
《国际贸易实务》案例分析题六答案 合同的磋商与签订 1、经常会有一些动机不好的外商，很轻易地下订单，而且言明在收到样品后才肯开信用证。当我方寄出样品后，外商却销声匿迹了，我方这样做的结果就是样品白白被骗。请问遇到这种情况我方应如何处理？ 评析，一是在寄样品之前应做好调查工作，特别是客户的资信。二是可以对样品内收取一定的费用。 2、请分析下列情况，试问A与B之间的合同是否成立？为什么？ （1）11月1日，A邮寄一份实盘给B。 （2）11月8日，A邮寄一份撤回通知给B。 （3）11月11日，B收到A的实盘，并立即用电报发出接受通知。 （4）11月15日，B又邮寄一份确认函，确认他于11月11日发出的接受电报。（5）11月20日，B收到A邮寄的撤回通知。事后双方对该项合同是否成立，发生纠纷。 评析：A与B之间的合同已经成立。理由，首先，11月1日A邮寄的实盘于11月11日送达B处时已经生效，B于当天就发出有效的接受通知。根据一方发出实盘，经另一方有效接受而合同成立的原则，A与B之间的合同已经成立。其次，A在寄出实盘以后，又于11月8日寄出一份撤回通知。但是实盘已于11月11日送达B处而生效。由于撤回通知于11月20日才送达B处，即发盘通知到达在先，撤回通知到达在后，因此该项撤回通知没有撤回的效力。 3、买方发盘要求卖方凭买方提供的规格、性能生产供应某机械设备，发盘规定了有效期为1个月，以便卖方能有足够的时间研究自己是否能按所提供的条件生产供应。卖方收到发盘后，立即组织人员进行设计，探寻必要生产设备添置的可能性和成本核算。两周后，突然买方通知，由于资金原因，决定不再订购该项机械设备，并撤销发盘。此时，卖方已因设计、寻购生产设备，核算成本等付出了大量费用。问，卖方能否提出异议？ 评析：卖方可以提出异议。理由根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第十六条规定“在未订立合同之前，发盘得予撤销，如果通知于被发盘人发出接受通知之前送达被发盘人，但在下列情况下，发盘不得撤销，发盘写明接受发盘的期限或以其他的方式表示发盘是不可以撤销的，被发盘人有理由信赖该项发盘是不可撤销的，而且被发盘人已本着对该项发盘的信赖行事。”据此，买方的发盘不能任意撤销，因为本案中的发盘具备一项有效发盘的必备条件，它规定了1个月的有效期，该发盘是不可撤销的发盘，且卖方已本着此项信赖行事。卖方如果认为按买方发盘条件达成交易有利可图，可以拒绝买方撤销发盘，并在期限内表示接受订立合同，如买方坚持撤销发盘，卖方可按实际支出的费用加上如果达成合同可望获得的合理利润向买方提出损害赔偿要求。
国际贸易实务案例精选
国际贸易实务案例精选 一、我国某出口公司向英国出口一批大豆，合同规定：“水份最高为14%，杂质不超过2.5%。”在成交前，该出口公司曾向买方寄过样品，订约后该出口公司又电告买方成交货物与样品相似，当货物运至英国后买方提出货物与样品不符，并出示了当地检验机构的检验证书，证明货物的品质比样品低7%，但未提出品质不符合合同的品质规定。买方以此要求该出口公司赔偿其15000英磅的损失。请问该出口公司是否该赔？本案给我们什么启示？ 二、我某出口公司与德国一家公司签定出口一批农产品的合同。其中品质规格为：水分最高15%，杂质不超过3%，交货品质以中国商检局品质检验为最后依据。但在成交前我方公司曾向对方寄送过样品，合同签定后又电告对方，确认成交货物与样品相似。货物装运前由中国商检局品质检验签发品质规格合格证书。货物运抵德国后，该外国公司提出：虽然有检验证书，但货物品质比样品差，卖方有责任交付与样品一致的货物，因此要求每吨减价6英磅。
我公司以合同中并未规定凭样交货为由不同意 减价。于是，德国公司请该国某检验公司检验，出具了所交货物平均品质比样品差7%的检验证明，并据此提出索赔要求。我方不服，提出该产品系农产品，不可能做到与样品完全相符，但不至于低7%。由于我方留存的样品遗失，无法证明，最终只好赔付一笔品质差价。试对本案例进行评析？ 三、1997年10月，香港某商行向内地一企业按FOB条件订购5000吨铸铁井盖，合同总金额为305万美元（约人民币2534.5万元）。货物由买方提供图样进行生产。该合同品质条款规定：铸件表面应光洁；铸件不得有裂纹、气孔、砂眼、缩孔、夹渣和其他铸造缺陷。合同规定（1）：订约后10天内卖方须向买方预付约人民币25万元的“反保证金”，交第一批货物后5天内退还保证金。合同规定（2）：货物装运前，卖方应通知买方前往产地抽样检验，并签署质量合格确认书；若质量不符合同要求，买方有权拒收货物；不经双方一致同意，任何一方不得单方面终止合同，否则由终止合同的一方承担全部经济损失。试对本案例进行评析？
国际贸易实务案例教程（双语（第2版）Chapter One Case Study for a Brief Introduction to International Trade 国际贸易简介案例 Part One Selected Analysis of Case Study 第一部分案例精选 Case 1 US-India Wool Fabric Dispute Case Description: The United States imposed interim protection measures, from April 18th, 1995, to restrict imports of wool fabric for men’s and women’s shirts from India. Before the measures’ implementation, the United States and India had discussed the possibly serious damage to U.S. domestic enterprises resulting f rom the import of wool fabric for men’s and women's shirts. The two sides did not reach a satisfactory solution. So India submitted the case to the World Trade Organization for settlement. Question: Will the United States remove the interim protection measures? 1 案例美—印羊毛织物摩擦案 案情介绍: 美国强制实行了过渡性保护措施，从1995年4月18日开始限制进口印度的羊毛制品—男
贸易术语 1. 我国某出口公司与外商按CIF Landed London 条件出口一批货物，合同规定，商品的数量为500箱，以信用证方式付款，5 月份装运。买方按照合同规定的开证时间将信用证开抵卖方。货物顺利装运完毕后，卖方在信用证规定的交单期内办好了议付手续并收回货款。久，卖方收到买方寄来的货物在伦敦港的卸货费和进口报关费的收据，要求我方按收据金额将款项支付给买方。 问：我方是否需要支付这笔费用？为什么？答：对于在伦敦港的卸货费，应该由我方支付；但是进口报关费，不应由我方支付。因为我某出口公司与外商按CIF Landed London 条件成交，所以支付的运费应该包括卸至伦敦港码头的卸货费。但是CIF 贸易术语项下的进口清关是买方的义务，因此，我方不需支付进口报关费。 2. 我方以FCA 贸易术语从意大利进口布料一批，双方约定最迟的装运期为4月12 日，由于我方业务员的疏忽，导致意大利出口商在4月15日才将货物交给我方指定的承运人。当我方收到货物后，发现部分货物有水渍，据查是因为货交承运人前两天大雨淋湿所致。据此，我方向意大利出口商提出索赔，但遭到拒绝。 问：我方的索赔是否有理？为什么？答：无理。因为FCA 项下，我进口方负责运输，但我方未在合同约定的装运期内派去运输工具，导致卖方无法及时交货，所以在运输工具晚到的时间内发生的损失应该由我进口方承担。 3. 我方与荷兰某客商以CIF 条件成交一笔交易，合同规定以信用证为付款方式。卖方收到买方开来的信用证后，及时办理了装运手续，并制作好一整套结汇单据。在卖方准备到银行办理议付手续时，收到买方来电，得知载货船只在航海运输途中遭遇意外事故，大部分货物受损。据此，买方表示将等到具体货损情况确定以后，才同意银行向卖方支付货款。 问：1）卖方可否及时收回货款，为什么？ 2）买方应该如何处理此事？ 答：（1）卖方可以及时收回货款。首先，CIF 术语成交属于象征性交货，其特点是卖方凭单交货，买方凭单付款；其次，CIF 术语成交的条件下，卖方在办理了装运后，并制作好单据后，已完成了交货义务且风险也已转移给了买方。 （2）买方应及时与保险公司取得联系，凭保险单及有关的证据向保险公司提出索赔。 4. 我方以CFR贸易术语与B国的H公司成交一批消毒碗柜的出口合同，合同规定装运时间 为4月15日前。我方备妥货物，并于4月8日装船完毕。由于遇星期日休息，我公司的业务员未及时向买方发出装运通知，导致买方未能及时办理保险手续，而货物在4月8日晚因发生了火灾被火烧毁。 问：货物损失责任由谁承担，为什么？答：货物损失的责任由我方承担。因为，在CFR 术语成交的情况下，租船订舱和办理投保手续分别由卖方和买方办理。因此，卖方在装船完毕后应及时向买方发出装运通知以便买方办理投保手续，否则，由此而产生的风险应由卖方承担。本案中，因为我方未及发出装运通知，导致买方未能及时办理投保手续，未能将风险及时转移给保险公司，因风险应由我方承担。 品质 1、买卖合同中的数量条款规定“ 100M/T 5% more or less at seller ' s option”, 则根据《公约》的规定，卖方最多和最少可交多少公吨货物？多交部分如何作价？若双方未约定多交部分如
国际贸易实务案例分析 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
国际贸易实务案例分析 1.我方出口苹果酒一批，国外开来信用证上货物的名称为：“Apple Wine”，于是为了单证一致，所有单据上均用了“Apple Wine”，不料货到国外后被海关扣留罚款，因该批酒的内外包装上均写的是“Cider”字样，结果外商要求我方赔偿其罚款损失——问我方对此有无责任？ （1）我方对此承担一定的责任。按照有关的法律和惯例，对成交商品的描述是构成商品说明的一个主要组成部分，是买卖双方交接货物的一项基本依据，它关系到买卖双方的权利和义务。若卖方交付的货物不符合约定的品名或说明，买方有权提出损害赔偿要求直至拒收货物或撤销合同。本案例中的“Cider”一词既有苹果酒也有苹果汁的意思，因此货到目的港后海关以货物与品名不符，对该货物扣留罚款我方应承担一定的责任。 （2）在贸易实践中如果出现此种情况，我方应在收到信用证后要求改证，即对信用证中的品名进行修改，这样既可以做到单证一致，收款有保障，同时又避免了实际货物与单据上的商品品名不符，从而遭受海关扣留罚款的不利损失。 2. “凤凰”自行车在我国可谓家喻户晓，人人皆知。可在90年代初，“凤凰”自行车参加了意大利米兰的国际自行车展览会。展览会上，与国外五颜六色、灵巧轻便、多档变速的自行车放在一起，显得品种单调、款式陈旧。尽管最后“凤凰”自行车只卖到欧美名牌自行车价格的1/10，可仍无人问津。 请分析，“凤凰”为何飞不起来呢？ 3. 我某出口公司有一批言明为降价品的罐头，英商看货后订货。但货到英国3个月后，发现罐头变质，英商要求退货。问：我方是否应该满足英商的退货要求？ 分析：我方不应退货，因为该笔交易是看货买卖，我方只需保证所交货物为买方看货时确定的商品。 4.我方某外贸公司向某外国公司出口一批货物，双方在签订合同中，明确规定了商品的规格、等级等品质标准。我方业务员在合同签订后，又给对方寄了一个样品。后我方货物运抵对方时，外方认为我方售给的商品只符合合同的品质标准，而与样品不符，要求我方赔偿。请问我方是否承担赔偿？ 5.我方一进出口公司和日本一公司签定了大米出口合同，价格条款为：US$275 per ton FOB Shanghai。问：若目标市场行情看涨，我方可能陷入何种纠纷？ 在贸易价格条款中不用ton，一般用“公吨”。 6. 2002年3月，广西某粮油进出口C公司向南非出口食糖。合同规定：食糖，数量500公吨，每公吨l20美元，可有3％增减，由卖方选择；增减部分按合同价格计算。如果在交货前食糖市场价格上涨，在不违反合同的情况下，卖方要想获利，可装多少公吨?如果市场价格下降呢?同年5月，C公司又向俄罗斯出口小麦，合同规定：数量为1000公吨，每公吨100美元，以信用证方式支付。合同签订后，俄罗斯进口商开来信用证，金额为100000美元，问我方最多、最少可交多少公吨小麦?为什么？贸易合同签订后，合同内容价格是确定的，如果在交货前食糖市场价格上涨，再按合同价格交货，应少量减少合同规定的500MT及少装3% 省下的3%可按涨价后的价格卖给别家。及可以装485MT 。如果市场价格下降，可以多装3% 及515MT 按未降前的价格结算。 在国际惯例中可以允许合同标的不大于5%的上下浮动及最多 1050MT 最少950MT的小麦，原因：国际惯例信用证条款规定允许不超过合同规定装货量5%的公差。
国际商务经典案例 《对外经贸实务》杂志社袁永友编 D/A引起的纠纷案 某年12月26日福建省泉州市某公司(甲方)与香港某公司(乙方)签定一项来料装配电子钟、收音机和台灯成品3000套，总金额24.6万港元的协议。协议规定：“原辅料及仓装物料以D/A60天经银行运交甲方装配。”“甲方组装成品发运时以D/A即期向乙方办理结算。”款项支付均通过泉州中国银行与香港XX银行办理。在履行协议中，却发生了问题：由于乙方利用少发货，加大货款托收金额；收货人在担保提货后，因数量不足，拒绝承兑；对方把提单转让给托收行----香港某国际银行，债权转移了；乙方宣布破产、倒闭，托收行蒙受损失，坚持收货人必须付足货款24.6万港元，从而造成甲方工作的被动局面，构成纠纷。由于厦门中国银行的积极活动，此案拖延十个月后才得以解决，使甲方免遭巨额损失。 1.甲方陷入被动的原因？ 2.此案得以合理解决的原因？ 3.此案给我们的启示？ 提示：1.协议条款不明确，乙方利用了仅规定每台价值而没有规定每种零配件价值条款的弊病；2.甲方提货后发现数量和质量问题，没有办理检验公正，投保事宜；二、《托收统一规则》规定：“部分付款只有在托收委托书中有特别授权的情况下，才能接受。”2.公平合理地处理纠纷中的问题，对于香港某国际银行的要求，由甲方全部负担是不公平的，因为主要因为乙方违约造成的；三、1.了解客商的资信状况；2.把合同条款制定完整准确；3.把自己的工作作到妥善、符合规定。 利用品质条款行诈案 1997年10月，我国内地一企业（卖方）与香港某商行（买方）签订一份货物买卖合同，合同规定：买方向卖方按FOB条件订购5000吨铸铁井盖，单价610美元/吨（折合人民币5069元），合同总金额为305万美元{折合人民币2534.5万元）。同时合同又规定，整批货物分10批每两月装运一批，每批供货500吨，货物由买方提供图样生产，并经买方验收后方可接收。 该合同品质条款规定，第一，铸件表面应光洁；第二，铸件不得有裂纹、气孔、砂眼、缩孔、夹渣和其他铸造缺陷。 合同还规定：买卖合同签定后10天内，卖方须向买方预付相当于第一批货物金额10%的保证金（折合人民币25万元）；第一批货物500吨合格货物交货后，卖方可在5天内收回保证金；货物装运前，卖方应通知买方前往产地抽样检验，并签署质量合格证书；若卖方提纲的货物质量不符合合同要求，买方有权拒收货物；不经双方一致同意，任何一方不得单方面终止合同，否则，由终止合同的一方承担全部经济损失。 合同签订后，买方很快将25万元保证金汇交港商，然后按照对方图样生产，成品出来后，屡次要求对方派人验收，未果，只好请当地商品检验机构检验，但商检人员发现，“光洁”难以界定，应尽快通知对方前来验货，并出具合格证书，否则，不宜大规模生产，但港商称，卖方不能在规定期限内生产出合格产品，属单方面违约，骗取25万保证金，后经多方努力，保证金不能追回，给我方留下惨痛教训。 1.规避合同诈骗的特征是什么？ 2.外贸企业应采取那些防范措施？ 提示：规避合同的特点：1.合同中有诱人的价格条款；2.在优惠的背后设置模糊的技术标准； 3.预先收取保证金； 4.被诈骗的对象通常合同管理不严格、缺乏外贸经验的中小企业。
《国际贸易实务》案例分析 第六章国际货物运输 【案例1】我公司与外商签订销售合同，出售中国大米10000公吨，合同规定：“自2月份开始，每月装船1000公吨，分十批交货。”卖方从2月份开始交货，但交至第五批大米时，大米品质霉变，不适合人类食用，因而买方以此为由，主张以后各批均应撤销。 问：在上述情况下买方能否主张这种权利？为什么？ 【分析】买方可以撤销第五批以后的各批货物。依据国际贸易惯例对分批装运的规定，如果合同和信用证中规定出允许分批装运，并规定了具体的装运时间和每批的数量，只要其中任何一批为按合同规定的条款交付货物，则本批及以后各批均告失效。 在本案例中，第五批大米虽然按时装运，但货物品种不符合合同要求，所以该批以后各批都违背了合同及信用证要求。买方可以予以撤销。 【案例2】有一批货物共1000箱，自A国港口装运至B国某港口，承运人签发了“已装船清洁提单”，但货运到目的港后，收货人发现下列情况：（1）少10箱货；（2）20箱包装严重破损，内部货物大部分散失；（3）50箱包装外表完好，箱内货物短少。 试问上述三种情况是否应属承运人的责任？为什么？ 【分析】在本案例所列的几种情况中，属于承运人责任的是（1）和（2）。因为提单是承运人或其代理人在收到货物后签发给托
运人的一种证件，即承运货物收据，证明其已按提单的记载收到托运人的货物。本案例中承运人签发的是“已装船清洁提单”这说明承运人所收到的货物是“表面状况良好”的货物，即货物未受损、包装也完好。货到目的地后发行的（1）、（2）两种情况是表面状况不良好的表现，可见其责任应当由承运人承担。 【案例3】我国对澳大利亚出口1 000吨大豆，国外开来信用证规定：不允许分批装运。结果我们在规定的期限内分别在大连、新港各装500公吨于同一航次的同一船上，提单也注明了不同的装运地和不同的装船日期。 请问：这是否违约?银行能否议讨? 【分析】（1）不是真违约，银行也能议付。 （2）国际《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定，同一船只、同一航次中多次装运货物，即使提单表示不同的装船日期及（或）不同装船港口，也不作为分批装运论处。 （3）因此，符合合同规定，银行不能拒绝议付。 【案例4】外箱尺寸计算不准造成损失案 国外客户C 在2001年5 月份向A公司下了1X40’H集装箱的产品P3的订单中，由于很多产品的包装为新的包装，我司在下了订单1个月后还不能得到确切的装箱尺寸。由于其中一个工厂货物体积与刚下订单时的所报体积多出7CBM,其他部分工厂在给报装箱尺寸
国际贸易实务案例分析题 第一章国际贸易术语与价格 1．按CIF贸易术语出口，卖方按照合同的规定装船完毕取得包括提单在内的全套装运单据．但是，载货船舶在启航后第二天就触礁沉没．买方闻讯后提出拒收单据、拒付货款．试问，卖方应如何处理?为什么? 买方必须收取单据，并支付货款。 因为以CIF术语达成交易，货物风险和费用的划分点在装运港船舷，买方承担越过船舷以后的风险。 CIF贸易术语下交货属象征性交货，卖方凭单据交货，买方凭单据付款。只要卖方提交的单据齐全且正确，卖方无权拒收拒付。 2．有一份CFR合同，甲公司出口卡车500辆，该批货物装于舱面．这500辆卡车中有40辆是卖给某国的乙公司的．货物运抵目的港后由承运人负责分拨．航行途中遇到恶劣气候，有50辆卡车被冲进海中．事后甲公司宣布出售给乙公司的40辆卡车已在运输途中全部损失，并且因为货物已经越过船舷，甲公司未履行交货义务，要求赔偿损失．请叛别孰是孰非?为什么? 第二章商品的品质，数量与包装 1．中方某公司与国外某客商成交龙井茶一批，合同要求二级茶叶．卖方实际交货时发现二级茶叶库存已罄，便在未征得买方同意情况下，以一级茶叶抵充二级茶叶交货，并电告买方“一级茶叶仍按二级茶叶计价，不另外收费”。问：卖方这种做法是否妥当?为什么? 中方公司的这种做法不妥当. 因为在合同达成后,卖方交货品质低于合同的要求是违约行为.未经买方允许,擅自将品质高于合同规定的货物交付买方同样也构成违约.尽管中方所交茶叶适用于原来的用途,并且在价值上还高于二级茶叶的价值,但卖方已经违约,在市场行情的变化不利于买方,或由于卖方交货品质高于合同的规定使买方在办理进口清关手续中遇到麻烦时,往往会成为买方拒收货物并要求赔偿损失的借口. 2．合同中数量条款规定“10 000M／T 5％ MORE OR LESS At SELLER'S OPTION．”卖方正待交货时，该货物国际市场价格大幅度上涨，问(1)如果你是卖方拟实际交付多少数量?为什么? (2)如果站在买方立场上，磋商合同条款时，应注意什么? 答：（1）可交付9500公吨，作为卖方，此时尽可能在合同允许范围内少装货物， 因为该商品国际市场价格大幅度上涨，使订约时合同价格对卖方不利，多交 意味着多损失。 （2）作为买方，为了避免卖方利用市场行情的变动获得额外的利润，在磋商 合同时，可在合同中规定，溢短装部分的货价按装运时的市场价格计算。
国际贸易实务案例集 第二章 案例1 某公司以FOB条件出口一批茶具，买方要求公司代为租船，费用由买方负担。由于公司在约定日期无法租到合适的船，且买方不同意更换条件，以致延误了装运期，买方以此为由提出撤销合同，问买方的要求是否合理？ 分析： 买方的要求不尽合理。 采用FOB术语成交，一般由买方负责租船订舱。卖方可以接受买方的委托代为租船订舱，但卖方不承担租不到船的责任和风险。就本案例来讲，因公司代为租船没有租到，买方又不同意更换条件，因此，该公司不承担因自己未租到船而延误装运的责任，买方也不能因此提出撤销合同。所以，买方的要求不合理，责任和风险应该由买方自己承担。 案例2 我与美商达成的合同中采用的术语为FOB上海，合同规定的交货时间为2001年3～4月份，可是到了4月30日，买方指派的船只还未到达上海港。问： （1）如果货物在5月2日因仓库失火而全部灭失，发生灭失的风险应由谁来负担？ （2）如果船于5月2日到达并装运，由为保存货物而发生的额外费用由谁负担？ 分析： 根据《INCOTERMS 2000》的规定：买方必须按照下述规定承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险和产生的费用： （1）自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷时起； （2）由于买方未按照规定通知卖方，或其指定的船只未按时到达，或未接收货物，或较按照通知的时间提早停止装货，则自约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下，即清楚地划出或以其他方式确定为合同项下之货物为限。 所以上述风险和费用都由买方负担。 案例3 A出口公司与B 进口公司订有一份CIF 合同，A 公司负责租船，并支付到纽约港的运费，船按期航行之后，由于苏伊士运河战火频繁，船不得不临时改道绕行，结果运费涨了一半，问该上涨部分的运费由谁负担？ 分析： 上涨的运费由B 公司负担，因开船时并不知道需绕航，绕航是交付装船后才出现的事件，由此产生的额外费用由买方承担。 案例4 国内某公司以CFR条件进口一批大豆，在约定日期未收到卖方的装船通知，却收到卖方要求该公司支付货款的单据。过后我方接到货物，经检验，部分货物在运输途中因海上风
国际贸易实务案例分 析
1.某进出口公司欲进口包装机一批，对方发盘的内容为：“兹可供普通包装机200台，每台500美元CIF青岛，6至7月份装运，限本月21日复到我方有效。”我方收到对方发盘后，在发盘规定的有效期内复电：“你方发盘接受，请内用泡沫，外加木条包装。” 问：我方的接受是否可使合同成立？为什么？ 答：我方的接受可使合同成立。 根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，受盘人对货物的价格、付款、品质、数量、交货时间与地点、一方当事人对另一方当事人的赔偿责任范围或解决争端的办法等条件提出的添加或更改，均视作实质性变更发盘条件。受盘人在接受中的添加或更改，如果在实质上变更了发盘条件，就构成了对原发盘的拒绝，其法律后果是否定了原发盘，原发盘即告失效，原发盘人就不再受其约束。本案我方在接受通知中，表示对包装条件的添加，并不构成实质性变更发盘条件，不属于还盘性质，除非发盘人在合理的时间内及时地表示不同意受盘人的添加，否则，该接受仍具有接受的效力。因此，我方的接受可使合同成立。 2.我某公司按FCA条件进口一批化工原料，合同中规定由卖方代办运输事项。结果在装运期满时，国外卖方来函通知，无法租到船，不能按期交货。因此我公司向国内生产厂家支付了10万元违约金，问：对我公司的这10万元损失，可否向国外的卖方索赔？ 答：不能，FCA条件下卖方可以代替买方按通常条件定立运输契约，但费用和风险要由买方承担。 3.我某公司向国外某客户出口榨油大豆一批，合同中规定大豆的具体规格为含水分14%，含油量18%，含杂质1%。国外客户收到货物不久，我方便收到对方来电称：我方的货物品质与合同规定相差较远，具体规格为含水分18%，含油量10%，含杂质4%，并要求我方合同金额40%的损害赔偿。问：对方的索赔要求是否合理？合同中就这一类商品的品质条款应如何规定为宜？ 答：对方的要求是合理的。因为我方交货的品质不符合合同的规定，理应给予对方一定金额的损害赔偿，但是否为合同金额的40%，应根据具体情况而定。合同中就这一类较难掌握交货品质的出口商品的品质条款，应采用规定品质公差或品质机动幅度的方法，来避免因交货品质难以掌握给我方交货带来的困难。 4.北京某公司出口2000公吨大豆，国外来证规定：不允许分批装运。结果我方在规定的期限内分别在大连，上海各装1000公吨于同一航次的同一船只上，提单上也注明了不同的装货港和不同的装船日期，试问：我方做法是否违约？银行能否议付？ 答：我方并不违约，银行可以议付。题干中表明，本次货物在两个不同装运港
《国际贸易实务》课程标准 课程代码：CB050029 课程类型：理论+实践 课程属性：专业课适用专业：市场营销、电子商务 学分：3 学时：48 课程负责人：刘冬冬 参编人员：刘冬冬 一、课程定位 （一）课程性质 《国际贸易与实务》是一门研究国际货物买卖的有关理论和实践业务的课程，也是一门具有涉外活动特点、实践性很强的综合性专业课程。 （二）课程作用 通过对国际贸易实务课程的学习，让学生认识国际贸易实务的基础知识与专业术语；掌握进出口谈判技巧、各项法律环节和规则；掌握进出口业务流程；掌握签订国际贸易合同各项条款中的写作技巧；并能在教师指导下完成业务流程模拟工作和填单制单工作，以便为学生在岗实习和未来从事的工作岗位中打下坚实基础。 （三）前导、后续课程 前导课程：经济学基础、管理学基础、统计学基础、电子商务实务等； 后续课程：网站设计与管理、微商运营、电商物流、互联网金融等。 二、课程设计思路 本课程结合高职学生的实际情况，深入浅出，主要通过完成每章节的任务提高学生的兴趣，利用理论学习与实践相结合的教学方式，使枯燥的理论学习变得更易理解更为有趣，且更富有实践性。从建立公司到产品发售，到买卖双方的磋商，最后到合同的签订，通过完成这个简单的贸易流程，结合每个步骤需要填写的单据来讲解相关的知识点。让学生在实践中理解贸易，提高其积极性。 主要方式如下： 1.理论讲述结合案例分析。 2.进行课堂任务，通过小组完成每个流程来检验学习效果。 3.课堂讨论与老师点评相结合，融合各种解决问题的方法，提高效率。 三、课程目标 （一）能力目标 1.能对产品进行不同贸易术语的报价与计算 2.能进行投保工作 3.能够进行租船订舱的船务业务； 4.能在教师指导下完成业务流程模拟国贸工作和填单制单工作；
国际贸易实务案例分析 1. 我方出口苹果酒一批，国外开来信用证上货物的名称为：“Apple Wine ”，于是为了单证一致，所有单据上均用了“ Apple Wine”，不料货到国外后被海关扣留罚款，因该批酒的内外包装上 均写的是“ Cider”字样，结果外商要求我方赔偿其罚款损失一一问我方对此有无责 任？ （1）我方对此承担一定的责任。按照有关的法律和惯例，对成交商品的描述是构成商品说 明的一个主要组成部分，是买卖双方交接货物的一项基本依据，它关系到买卖双方的权利和 义务。若卖方交付的货物不符合约定的品名或说明，买方有权提出损害赔偿要求直至拒收货 物或撤销合同。本案例中的“Cider” 一词既有苹果酒也有苹果汁的意思，因此货到目的港 后海关以货物与品名不符，对该货物扣留罚款我方应承担一定的责任。 （2）在贸易实践中如果出现此种情况，我方应在收到信用证后要求改证，即对信用证中的 品名进行修改，这样既可以做到单证一致，收款有保障，同时又避免了实际货物与单据上的商品品名不符，从而遭受海关扣留罚款的不利损失。 2. “凤凰”自行车在我国可谓家喻户晓，人人皆知。可在90年代初，“凤凰”自行车参加 了意大利米兰的国际自行车展览会。展览会上，与国外五颜六色、灵巧轻便、多档变速的自 行车放在一起，显得品种单调、款式陈旧。尽管最后“凤凰”自行车只卖到欧美名牌自行车价格的 1/10，可仍无人问津。 请分析，“凤凰”为何飞不起来呢？ 3. 我某出口公司有一批言明为降价品的罐头，英商看货后订货。但货到英国3个月后，发现罐头变质，英商要求退货。问：我方是否应该满足英商的退货要求？ 分析：我方不应退货，因为该笔交易是看货买卖，我方只需保证所交货物为买方看货时确定的商 品。 4. 我方某外贸公司向某外国公司出口一批货物，双方在签订合同中，明确规定了商品的规 格、等级等品质标准。我方业务员在合同签订后，又给对方寄了一个样品。后我方货物运抵 对方时，外方认为我方售给的商品只符合合同的品质标准，而与样品不符，要求我方赔偿。 请问我方是否承担赔偿？ 5. 我方一进出口公司和日本一公司签定了大米出口合同，价格条款为: US$275 per ton FOB Shanghai。问：若目标市场行情看涨，我方可能陷入何种纠纷？ 在贸易价格条款中不用ton，一般用“公吨”。 6. 2002年3月，广西某粮油进出口C公司向南非出口食糖。合同规定：食糖，数量500公吨，每公吨120美元，可有3%增减，由卖方选择；增减部分按合同价格计算。如果在交货前食糖市
一、《2010通则》中的贸易术语装船前检验时货物的品年以FOB条件签订了一批皮衣买卖合同，①我国黑龙江某外贸公司2004经调查确认质良好且符合合同的规定。货到目的港后卖方提货检验时发现部分皮衣有发霉现象，但是卖方认为货物在装原因是由于包装不良导致货物受潮引致，据此买方向卖方提出索赔要求。船前品质是合格的，发霉在运输途中发生的，因此拒绝承担赔偿责任。对此争议应作何处理？即包装不良原因则是在装船前已经存但是产生发霉的原因，尽管发霉是在运输途中发生的，的风险转移规定，卖（买）方有理由提出索FOB在了，因此是卖方在履约过程中的过失。按照有赔要求，卖方的拒绝是没有道理的。因此，卖方负有包装不适合运输条件的责任，买方向卖方索应该能够经得起货物在运输过程中保护货物不遭受损失即卖方提供的货物包装，赔是有道理的，买方功效，而该案例明显是因为包装不良导致货物货物受潮，所以，卖方应该承担一定的责任。可以请第三方公证机构对货损做评估，并提出一个合理的索赔金额，并经卖方同意后赔偿。条件从巴西进口橡胶，但是我方由于租船困难，不能在合同规定的时间内FOB②我方进口商以于是巴西方面要求撤销合同并向我方进从而出现了较长时期的货等船现象，到装运港接运货物，口商提出赔偿损失的要求。巴西出口商的做法是否合理？我方没能及时派船接要求买方在约定的期限租船到指定的装运港接运货物。根据FOB条件成交，运货物，属于违约行为，因此巴西出口商有权以此为由撤销合同并要求赔偿损失。签订出口大米若干吨的合同。B某年某月中国某地粮油进出口公司A 与欧洲某国一商业机构③ 单:1%,以中国商品检验局的检验证明为最后依据该合同规定:规格为水分最高20%,杂质最高为买方须于×年×月派船只接,,每袋净重××公斤价为每公吨××美元,FOB中国某港口,麻袋装运货物。发B,买方,其一直延误了数月才派船来华接货,当大米运到目的地后B并没有按期派船前来接运提出索据此向卖方A并签发了虫害证明,买方B,现大米生虫。于是委托当地检验机构进行了检验方支支付延误时期A不仅拒赔,而且要求对方B赔20%货款的损失赔偿。当A接到对方的索赔后,付的大米仓储保管费及其它费用。,未生虫害。另外,保存在中国商品检验局的检验货样至争议发坐后仍然完好请简要回答下列问题: ?支付延误时期的大米仓储保管费及其他费用能否成立,为什么要求B的索赔要求能否成立,为什么？1.能够成立,因为按FOB条件,由买方指定船只并订立运输合同,如果买方指定的船只不能在规定日期到达,则应由买方负担一切由此而产生的额外费用。在本案中，B并没有按期派船前来接运,造成逾期提货,违反了双方之间的合同约定,应当对延误时期A方支付的大米仓储保管费及其他费用负责。 2.不能成立,因为按FOB条件,买方承担货物自装运港越过船舷以后的一切风险。买方A只能保证大米在交货时的品质,对运输途中所引起的大米品质变化不属卖方责任,而且合同规定:以中国商检局的检验证明为最后依据,而保存在中国商品检验局的检验货样至争议发生后仍然完好,未发生虫害,因此可以肯定卖方A 交货时的品质是完好的。 ④ 1996年11月，我国F省粮油进出口公司与巴西某公司签订一份出口油籽的合同。合同采用FOB价格术语，买方需于1997年2月份派船到厦门港接货。合同还规定：“如果在此期间内不能派船接货，卖方同意保留28天，但仓储、利息、保险等费用皆由买方承担。” 3月1日，卖方在货物备妥后电告买方应尽快派船接货。但是，一直到3月28日，买方仍未派买方在没有与卖方进行任何声称将撤销合同并保留索赔权。于是卖方向买方提出警告，船接货。． 这时卖方拒绝交货并提出损失赔偿，月5日才将船只派到厦门港。联系的情况下，直到1997年5买方则以未订到船只为出拒绝赔偿损失，双方争议不能和解、卖方选起诉到法院。法院经取证调查，认为买方确实未按合同规定的时间派船接货、因此法院判决：卖方有权但由买方赔偿仓储、利息、保险等费用。拒绝交其，并提出赔偿请求、后经双方协商，卖方交货，术语成交的合同属于装运合同，这类FOB 本案例是涉及FOB价格术语下船货衔接的问题。按照条件下是由买方然而，由于FOB合同中卖方的一项基本义务是按照规定的时间和地点完成装运。自然会影响到合同的顺利执行。所以，就存在一个船货衔接问题，处理不当，负责安排租船订舱，而且由此产生的各种损失均由根据有关法律和惯例如果买方未能按时派船，卖方有权拒绝交货，术语下成交的合同，对于装运期和装运港要慎重规定，订约之后，有关买方负担，因此，在FOB备货和派船事宜，双方要加强联系，密切配合，保证船货衔接。在此案例中，我方作为卖方尽到根
EXW 某公司按EXW条件出口一批电缆，但在交货时，买方以电缆的包装不适宜出口运输为由，拒绝提货和付款，问：买方的行为是否合理？ 1、买方的行为是不合理的，我方应拒绝。 2、本案例涉及EXW条件下交货的问题，根据《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的规定：在EXW术语中，除非合同中有相反规定，卖方一般无义务提供出口包装，如果签约时已明确该货物是供出口的，并对包装的要求作出了规定，卖方则应按规定提供符合出口需要的包装。 3、结合本案例，卖方在交货时以电缆的包装不适宜出口运输为由拒绝提货和付款，并没有说不符合合同规定，由此说明，在合同中并无有关货物包装的规定，根据惯例，故买方以此借口拒付货款和提货理由是不充分的。 FCA 我国江苏某食品进口公司公司在某年3月与越南金兰市某出口公司签订了购买2350公吨咖啡豆的合同，交货条件是FCA金兰每公吨870美元，约定提货地为卖方所在地。合同中规定，由买方在签约后的20天内预付货款金额的25%作为定金，而剩余款项则由买方在收到货物之后汇付给卖方。合同签订后两星期内，买方如约支付了25%的定金。当年5月7日，买方指派越南的一家货代公司到卖方所在地提货，此时，卖方已装箱完毕并放置在其临时敞蓬仓库中，买方要求卖方帮助装货，卖方认为货物已交买方照管，拒绝帮助装货。两日后买方再次到卖方所在地提货，但因遇湿热台风天气，致使堆放货物的仓库进水，300吨咖啡豆受水浸泡损坏。由于货物部分受损，买方以未收到全部约定的货物为由，仅同意支付40%的货款，拒绝汇付剩余的35%的货款。于是，买卖双方产生争议，经过协商未果，因此，买方于当年7月向中国国际贸易仲裁委员会南方某分会提出申诉。试问：（1）根据《2000通则》的规定，卖方的交货义务是否完成？（2）买卖双方孰是孰非？（3）仲裁机构将如何裁定？ 答案要点 本案例主要涉及到FCA术语中风险转移地点的问题。按照《2000通则》的解释，在FCA 术语下，根据《2000年通则》的规定，交货在以下时候才算完成：(1)若指定的地点是卖方所在地，则当货物被装上买方指定的承运人，或代表买方的其他人提供的运输工具时；(2)若指定的地点不是卖方所在地，而是其他任何地点，则当货物在卖方的运输工具上，尚未卸货而交给买方指定的承运人或其他人，或由卖方选定的承运人或其他人的处置时。(3)若在指定的地点没有约定具体交货点，且有几个具体交货点可供选择时，卖方可以在指定的地点选择最适合其目的的交货点。本案例中卖方公司应负责在其所在地将货物装车后交付给买方公司指定的运输代理人，才算完成交货义务。