1、Benjamin Franklin（1706-1790）本杰明·富兰克林He is the representative of the Enlightenment in America in 18th century. Humanist, statesman, writer, scientist, inventor.
The Autobiography《自传》
♂简析：The book is about the course of Franklin's struggle for success. It tells us the importance of being diligent. The book had a great influence on American people,and changed the destinies of many youth.It is the first America successful biographical work（传记文学）, has an important position in the history of American Literaturel.
Poor Richard’s Almanac 《格言历书》
♂简析：A collection of maxims （格言），or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success.
2、Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) 埃德加·爱伦·坡 Novelist,poet,critic.
Good at writing Gothic（哥特式）and detective fiction.
Father of western detective stories and psychoanalytic criticism.
（扩展：文学理论建树不容忽视，影响深远。在理论、实践、手法、风格等方面都有独到之处。）
The Cask of Amontillado《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》Is the famous horror short story.The typical Gothic theme of the novel is terror and death. And tells the story of the character’s revenge.The writer uses irony (反讽)to reveal the Gothic theme.
（扩展：《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》体现了其小说创作艺术的基本特征。主题，人物塑造。情节、气氛渲染。叙事手法和风格、以及语言修辞等艺术特征都颇具特色。堪谓这一创作实践成功地图解了其创作理论，产生了强烈的艺术效果。）
To Helen《致海伦》
Sonnet—To Science《致科学》
3、Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-0882)拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生American essayist, lecturer,poet. The founder of American Transcendentalism(美国超验主义).
（扩展：深受英国浪漫主义影响，宣扬超验主义哲学，鼓吹个人应摆脱人为的束缚。表现出业已成熟的人文主义思想，反应了他对人类局限的认知。）
American Transcendentalism was the first American intellectual movement, The key point of it is that people can transcend(超越) the feeling and reason and learn the truth directly.
Self-Reliance《论自助》
♂简析：Self-Reliance is an important and influential work which encourages a man to be confident and
ind ependent. Four main ideas in the work including “The Confidence” , “The Independence” , “The Personality” ,
“Showing no Sympathy to the Poor”, of which “The Confidence” is the core point in this thesis.《论自助》是表达爱默生的超验主义观点最重要的作品之一。
4、Nathaniel Hawthorne（1804-1864）纳撒尼尔·霍桑American novelist and short story writer.
A sighificant romantic writer and master of psychological insight.
The Scarlet Letter《红字》
♂简析：Describe the Puritan(清教徒) society life style in 17th century New England in Northern American.
Reveal the darkness of the American society in 19th century .The heroine(女主人公) has lofty moral,and helps the bad people to change,devoting to creating a harmony society.Is an important Romantic novel.
5、Herman Melville（1819-1891）赫尔曼·梅尔维尔Novelist,poet.
Moby Dick《白鲸》
♂简析：Mainly tells the long ocean story of hunting an imaginary mysterious Moby Dick.The book reveals the basic pattern(模式) of 19th century American life: loneliness and suicidal individualism in a self-styled democracy（民主）. It is the typical work of Symbolism.
6、Henry David Thoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗American Essayist, poet, philosopher
Walden《沃尔登》
♂简析：Walden is a record of Thoreau’s two year experiment of living alone at Walden pond in a self-built house at the edge of the woods.
It is not only fully demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance(自力更生) ,but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy（先验哲学）.
Civil Disobedience《论公民之不服从》（认为人民应该拒绝服从自己认为是不正当的法律。）
◎Franklin & Thoreau
Through his writing thoreau wanted to illustrate thet the pursuit of material things had no value. He desired a life of contemplation, of being in harmony with nature, and of acting on his own principles. Both Franklin and Thoreau advocated thrift and hard work, but while Franklin expected the frugal to get richer and richer, Thoreau thought physical labor and a minimum of material goods made men more sensitive and kept them closer to nature.
7、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)朗费罗One of the greatest American Romantic poet in the 19th century.
I Shot an A rrow…《我射出一支箭……》
♂简析：A famous short lyric.This lyric praises the great friendship with the images of shotting an arrow and singing the https://www.doczj.com/doc/1511893602.html,es tiaditional four iambic pentameter and four lines of verse.
译文：我射出一支箭…我把一支箭射向空中不知它落在何方
飞得那么快眼睛难以追寻它的方向我对着天空轻轻唱歌
不知它消逝在何方谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利能跟上歌声的翅膀
很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上我找到了那支箭，仍未折断
也发现了那支歌，自始自终在朋友的心中欢唱
A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》
8、Walt Whitman惠特曼American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. The father of free verse. One's Self I Sing《我歌唱自我》
♂简析：Admire modern people who have complete personality.
我歌唱“自己”，一个单一的、脱离的人，
然而也说出“民主”这个词，“全体”这个词。
我从头到脚歌唱生理学，
值得献给诗神的不只是相貌或头脑，我是说整个结构的价值要大得多，
女性和男性我同样歌唱。
歌唱饱含热情、脉搏和力量的广阔“生活”，
心情愉快，支持那些神圣法则指导下形成的、最自由的行动，
我歌唱“现代人”。
O Captain! My Captain!《哦，船长！我的船长！》
♂简析：Traditional iambic verse, eight lines of verse.
His most famous poem.Metaphor and contrast reinforce the emotion.
哦．船长，我的船长！我们险恶的航程已经告终，
我们的船安渡过惊涛骇浪，我们寻求的奖赏已赢得手中。
港口已经不远，钟声我已听见，万千人众在欢呼呐喊，
目迎着我们的船从容返航，我们的船威严而且勇敢。
可是，心啊！心啊！心啊！
哦．殷红的血滴流泻，
在甲板上，那里躺着我的船长，
他已倒下，已死去，已冷却。
哦，船长，我的船长！起来吧，请听听这钟声，
起来，——旌旗，为你招展——号角，为你长鸣。
为你．岸上挤满了人群——为你，无数花束、彩带、花环。
为你，熙攘的群众在呼唤，转动着多少殷切的脸。
这里，船长！亲爱的父亲！
你头颅下边是我的手臂！
这是甲板上的一场梦啊，
你已倒下，已死去，已冷却。
我们的船长不作回答，他的双唇惨白、寂静，
我的父亲不能感觉我的手臂，他已没有脉搏、没有生命，
我们的船已安全抛锚碇泊，航行已完成，已告终，
胜利的船从险恶的旅途归来，我们寻求的已赢得手中。
欢呼，哦，海岸！轰鸣，哦，洪钟！
可是，我却轻移悲伤的步履，
在甲板上，那里躺着我的船长，
他已倒下，已死去，已冷却。
free verse,the verse that does not follow a fixed metrical pattern, the verse without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.自由诗不需遵循固定的格律，也没有固定的节奏和韵律。
9、Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)狄更生One of the most important American women poets.
To Make a Prairie... 《要描绘一片草原》
♂简析：Stress the importance of imagination in writing poetry.
造一个草原，需要一株三叶草，一只蜂，再加一个梦。要是没有蜂，光靠梦也成。
Success Is Counted Sweetest《成功》
从未成功的人们，最懂得成功的甜美，惟有极度的渴求，方能体会甘露的滋味
身穿紫服的王者之师，今日虽高扬凯旗，却无一人能把胜利的含义，说清道明
战败者奄奄一息，凯乐在远处奏响，冲破阻隔，飞到他的耳际，悲痛而嘹亮
I’m Nobody!《我是小人物》
我没有名字，你呢？你也与我一样吗？
那么我们结伴——请不要告诉别人！他们将广而告之——你知道的！
有名者将多么枯燥伤神！聒噪如蛙的人群
一整天叫着他的名字只为填满自怜的沼泽！
10、Mark Twain（1835-1910）马克·吐温American writer, short story writer,humorist
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County《加拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙》
11、Henry James (1843-1916) 亨利·詹姆斯An American and British novelist, literary critic.
Founder of psychological realism. First of the modern psychological novelist.
The Jolly Corner 《快乐的一角》
12、Stephen Crane （1871-1900）斯蒂芬·克莱恩Novelist ,poet. Pioneer in the naturalistic tiadition.
Precursors(先驱) of Imagist poetry.
The Open Boat《海上扁舟》
13、Willa Cather （1873-1947）薇拉·凯瑟Woman writer
Miss Jewett 《朱厄特小姐》
14、Sherwood Anderson （1876-1941）舍伍德·安德生American novelist
The Triumph of the Egg 《鸡蛋的胜利》
15、Katherine Anne Porter（1890-1980）凯萨琳·安·波特American woman writer
The jilting of Granny Weatherall 《被背弃的老祖母》
16、F.Scott Fitzgerald(1896-1940)弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德Famous American novelist, short story writer, and essayist.
The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》Describe the tide that people chase after money and enjoyment in America after the WarⅠ, reveal the mental crisis(精神危机) under the social vanity(浮华) surface.
17、William Faulkner (1897-1962)威廉·福克纳Poet.One of the most influential modern novelists of 20th century.Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1949.
Barn Burning《烧牲口棚》One of his most representative short stories .Stress the strong conflict between the poor and the rich.
18、Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961) 厄内斯特·海明威Novelist and short-story writer.One of the great American writers of the 20th century.
The Sun Also Rises《太阳照常升起》
♂简析：Hemingwei became the spokesman for “a lost generation”.
A clean, well-lighted place《一个干净、明亮的地方》
The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》
19、Ezra Pound(1885-1972) 埃兹拉·庞德A leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”(意象主义运动)
One of the most influential American poets and critic.
In a Station of the Metro《在一个地铁车站》（A typical imagist text.）
人群中，这些面孔的鬼影，潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。
20、Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)华莱士·斯蒂文斯Poet .
Anecdote of the Jar《坛子逸闻》
我把一只坛子放在田纳西它圆圆的，矗立在山顶原本凌乱的荒野因它而向小山环聚
荒野向它涌来并向四周蔓延，不再狂野圆圆的坛子在地面上格外突出高的像空中的海港
它统治着所有地方虽然它光秃秃、灰溜溜它既不长鸟又不长植物但它与田纳西的任何一样东西就是不同
21、William Carlos Williams（1883-1963）威廉·卡洛斯·威廉One of the most famous American poets in 20th century.
The Red Wheel Barrow《红色手推车》
太多太多靠这辆红红的独轮手推车维系雨水冲洗它显得格外清新明丽映衬着旁边那群白色的小鸡
Spring and All《春及一切》
去传染病院的路上冷风——从东北方向赶来蓝斑点点的汹涌层云。
远处，一片泥泞的荒野野草枯黄，有立有伏
一潭潭的死水偶见几丛大树
沿路尽是灌木小树，半紫半红枝桠丛丛纠结下面是枯黄的叶子无叶的藤——
看来毫无生命，倦怠不堪而莽撞的春天来临——
他们赤裸地进入新世界全身冰凉，什么都不明白只知道他们在进入春天。而周围依然是熟悉的寒风——
瞧这些草，明天野胡萝卜那坚挺的卷叶一件一件清清楚楚——越来越快：明晰，这叶子的轮廓
可是在此刻，进入春天依然那么艰难——然而深沉的变化已经来到：它们扎住的根往下紧攫，开始醒来22、Robert Frost（1874-1963）罗伯特·弗洛斯特“New England Poet”,famous American poet.
Fire and Ice《冰与火》
有的说世界将毁于火，有的说毁于冰。凭我对欲望的感受，我赞成毁于火之说。
若世界要毁灭两次，凭我对仇恨的充分了解，我能说，冰的摧毁力
也同样强虐，且大得足够。
Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening《雪夜林边停》
我想我知道这片森林的领主，不过他在村庄居住，不会知道我在此驻足观看雪落林木。
马驹一定觉得异样，因为我没有停留农庄，反而在一年最漫长的冬夜，驻足森林和冻湖之间的路上。
它摇动马套上的响铃，仿佛询问出了什么事情。四周出奇地安静，只有微风和雪花飘落的声音。
森林迷人，幽暗，茂密，但使命催我离去，在入睡之前还要马不停蹄，马不停蹄。
The Road Not Taken《未选之路》
黄色的树林里分出两条路可惜我不能同时去涉足我在那路口久久伫立我向着一条路极目望去
但我却选择了另外一条路它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂显得更诱人，更美丽虽然在这两条小路上
都很少留下旅人的足迹虽然那天清晨落叶满地两条路都未经脚印污染呵，留下一条路等改日再见
但我知道路径延绵无尽头恐怕我难以再回返也许多少年后在某一个地方我将轻声叹息把往事回顾
一片森林里分出两条路而我却选择了人迹更少的一条从此决定了我一生的道路.
23、Langston Hughes（1902-1967）兰斯顿·休斯The first excellent black writer in American literature history.
Dreams《梦想》
紧紧抓住梦想，因为如果梦想逝去，生活就只是一只折翅的鸟，再也不能飞翔。
紧紧地抓住梦想，如果梦想消失，生活就是一片荒芜的土地，被冰雪封冻。
Me and the Mule《我与骡子》
我的老骡子，他的脸上有露着牙齿的笑容，做了这么长时间骡子，它都忘记了它的种族。
我就像是那老骡子—黑种—没什么大不了的！听我的，像我一样。
Border Line《分界线》
过去，我常常好奇何为生何为死我想区别之处在于泪珠与哭泣
过去，我想弄明白何为此何为彼我想谈距离毫无意义
24、Archibald MacLeish （1892-1982）阿奇伯尔德·麦克利什Poet.The winner of Academy Award
Ars Poetica《诗艺》
一首诗应该是触手可及而缄默的如一颗饱满的果实哑然的象古老的勋章握在手指
寂然如衣袖磨损的窗石初现青苔的痕迹
一首诗应该是无言无语的象群鸟飞过天际
一首诗应该在时间里停驻当月亮升起离开，当月亮逸出一段又一段夜色缠绕的树枝，
留下，象月亮隐在冬日的树丛，一幕又一幕情思纠结的回忆－
一首诗应该在时间里停驻当月亮升起
一首诗应该等同于：不真实
为了过往那所有的悲伤一片枫叶和空荡荡的门廊
为了爱那青草上的压痕和日月临海
一首诗不应该解释而是存在
25、Eugene Glastone O'Neill(1888-1953) 尤金·格拉斯通·奥尼尔One of the most important American players,Nobel Prize winner for lterature in 1936.
Desire Under the Elms《榆树下的欲望》
26、Elwyn Brooks White(1899-1985) 埃·布·怀特Humorist. Leading American essayist and literary stylist of his time. White was known for his crisp, graceful, relaxed style.
Once More to the Lake《再到湖上》
27、Tennessee Williams(1911-1983) 田纳西·威廉姆斯One of the greatest playwrights in American history.
A Streetcar Named Desire《欲望号列车》His most important representative.
28、Ralph Waldo Ellison(1914-1994) 拉尔夫·华尔多·埃利森Novelist,essayist, short story writer.
Invisible Man《隐形人》
29、Robert Lowell(1917-1977)罗伯特·洛威尔Poet
Skunk Hour《鼠鼬的时刻》
30、Elizabeth Bishop(1911-1979) 伊丽莎白·毕肖普Famous American modern poet.
In the Waiting Room《在候诊室里》
31、Theodore Roethke(1908-1963)西奥多·罗克特
The Waking《苏醒》
32、Allen Ginsburg(1926-1997)艾伦·金斯堡Important representative poet of Beat Generation literature movement, his poem Howl is one of the symbols of the movement.
A Supermarket in California《加利福尼亚州的一个超级市场》
33、Sylvia Plath(1932-1963) 西尔维亚·普拉斯
Point Shirley《雪莉角》
34、Robert Hayden(1913-1980) 罗伯特·海登
Frederick Douglass 《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯》
35、Robert Bly(1926-)
Driving Through Minnesota During the Hanoi Bombing《在轰炸河内是驾车穿越明尼苏》
36、Maya Angelou(1928- ) 玛娅·安吉罗
Still I Rise 《我仍将奋起》
37、Arthur Miller(1915- ) 阿瑟·米勒
Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》
38、Saul Bellow(1915- )索尔·贝娄
Looking for Mr. Green《寻找格林先生》
39、Joseph Heller(1923-1999) 约瑟夫·海勒
Cathc-22《第二十二条军规》
♂简析：The representative work of black humor, it is called as the best Anti-war novel subiect of the War Ⅱ.It is not only a war novel. But also a novel about people’s life in peaceful time. This novei attacked the dehumanization of all contemporary institutions and corruptions of individuals who gain power in institutions who gain power in institutions.Armed-forces are the most outrageous example of the two evils.
40、Toni Morrison(1931- ) 托尼·莫里森
Recitatif《宣叙》
41、Louise Erdrich （1954-）
Lulu' s Boys
部分课件汉字照片：
1·自足、自助
哲学渊源：柏拉图、印度教、柯勒律治、其他欧洲作家。
不同凡响的特色：优雅的散文风格以及鲜明、生动、视野开阔地表达思想的能力。
广泛、深远与持久的影响力。
2·慈善
富翁与乞丐授人以鱼与授人以渔体验与感悟历史与现实乞丐职业化现代社会与慈善
3·美德
兼济天下与独善其身言语与行为知识与能力性格与成就伟大与渺小传统与现代思想与行动
4·始终如一
言行一致与出尔反尔人与社会人与自然自我与他人坚持与坚守趋同与趋异
5·语言文化与跨文化交流
费孝通：
各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同。
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.to some extent it is a state of mind,a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.Actually it is a code of values,a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds,also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义):a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period. associated with imagination and boundlessness, as an historical movement it arose in the 18th and 19th centuries.(Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.) II.Features of American romanticism (1) It was the expression of “a real new experience(全新体验)”. (2) American Puritanism was a cultural heritage. Many American romantic writings intended to edify(启发) more than they entertained. (3) American Romanticism is full of “newness(新奇)” . Ideals：Individualism; political equality Dream：America: a new Garden of Eden (4)American romanticism was both imitative and independent. 3.Transcendentalism 超验主义 The major features of Transcendentalism: ① The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想超灵宇宙 ② The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual is the most important element of Society. ③ The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s ove rwhelming presence. 自然+上帝 Ralph Waldo Emerson. American Transcendentalism:As a philosophical and literary
Proses: Nathan Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter-Chapter 2 Hawthorne: 心理分析小说，以宗教罪恶观sin评价社会。 -Why are women especially the elder ones so harsh and intolerant to Hester? 1. Startled or astonished by the beauty, elegant and dignity of Hester. 2. The patriarchal society let women have eternalized patriarchal ideas, unfavorable for women adulterers. -How does the author portray Hester Prynne? 1. Core impressive image: the artistically and fantastically made letter A. 2. Appearance -What does the scarlet letter with gold thread and elaborate embroidery(刺绣) suggests? 1. C lue of Hester’s attitude: she makes a mockery of her punishment by making this plain symbol of adultery into a gorgeous decoration. 2. To negate the awful meaning of the letter. 3. as punishment, 血红色的A字象征这人们反对human nature ,lush, 有devilish意味，而Hester wants to change her human reality, to make it prettier than it really is. -W hat does “A” stand for? Adultery/Angel (appearing in the sky when governor dies)/Able (Hester gains influence) -What kind of person is Chillingworth? 1. Devil or devil’s emissary or Satan: cold intellect and old age, without hominine feelings from heart and soul. 2. In Hester’s recalling, he is “…pale.” Character Captain Ahab Image of American: an idealist and an egonist. Willa Cather: Miss Jewett Sarah Orne Jewett’s poetic principles Jewett both as a writer and a person Cather’s poetic principles As a writer, Jewett has her own writing style. She focuses on the places where she lives and loves, and makes them subject-matters of her stories. (Wherever she might be, She carried the Maine shore-country with her. She loved it by instinct, and in the light of wide experience, from near and from afar. Every day, in every season of the year, she enjoyed the beautiful country in which she had the good fortune to be born. Her love of the Maine country was the supreme happiness of her life. Her stories were but reflections, quite incidental, of that peculiar and intensely personal pleasure. Take ,for instance, that dear, daybreak paragraph which begins “By the Morning Boat”: “On the coast of Maine…”P127 paragraph 3) She writes with delightful humor that comes from her delicate and tactful handling of her native language.(Her personal opinions she voiced lightly, half-humorously; any expression was spontaneous, the outgrowth of the immediate conversation.) And, the distinctive thing about Miss Jewett is that she has her own individual voice.(her comment on the story of a mule)
一 1.―He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing.‖(Sons and Lovers by https://www.doczj.com/doc/1511893602.html,wrence)From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel’s attitude to her husband is ______ . A. sincerely warm B. genuinely kind C. seemingly angry D. merely contemptuous 2. A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point of losing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world. The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of ______. A. Eliot’s poem The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession C. Joyce’s story Araby D. Lawrence’s story The Horse Dealer’s Daughter 3. Linguistically, compared with the writing s of Mark Twain, Henry James’s fiction is noted for his ______. A. frontier vernacular B. rich colloquialism C. vulgarly descriptive words D. refined elegant language 4. Which of the following statements about Washington Irving is NOT true? A. Literary imagination should breed in a land rich in the past culture. B. He is preoccupied with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. C. His stories are among the best of the American literature. D. Some of his works are based on the materials of the European legendary tales. 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas advocated by Emerson, the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism? A. As an individual, man is divine and can develop and improve himself infinitely. B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. C. There exists an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―Oversoul.‖ D. Evil and sin are ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.‖ 6. Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ . A. the strict poetic form B. the free and natural rhythm C. the easy flow of feelings D. the simple and conversational language 7. ―Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.‖ In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______. A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human history B. man’s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own de struction C. nature is evil as it was 5000 years ago D. nature has the ultimate creative power
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
1、Benjamin Franklin（1706-1790）本杰明·富兰克林He is the representative of the Enlightenment in America in 18th century. Humanist, statesman, writer, scientist, inventor. The Autobiography《自传》 ♂简析：The book is about the course of Franklin's struggle for success. It tells us the importance of being diligent. The book had a great influence on American people,and changed the destinies of many youth.It is the first America successful biographical work（传记文学）, has an important position in the history of American Literaturel. Poor Richard’s Almanac 《格言历书》 ♂简析：A collection of maxims （格言），or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success. 2、Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) 埃德加·爱伦·坡 Novelist,poet,critic. Good at writing Gothic（哥特式）and detective fiction. Father of western detective stories and psychoanalytic criticism. （扩展：文学理论建树不容忽视，影响深远。在理论、实践、手法、风格等方面都有独到之处。） The Cask of Amontillado《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》Is the famous horror short story.The typical Gothic theme of the novel is terror and death. And tells the story of the character’s revenge.The writer uses irony (反讽)to reveal the Gothic theme. （扩展：《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》体现了其小说创作艺术的基本特征。主题，人物塑造。情节、气氛渲染。叙事手法和风格、以及语言修辞等艺术特征都颇具特色。堪谓这一创作实践成功地图解了其创作理论，产生了强烈的艺术效果。） To Helen《致海伦》 Sonnet—To Science《致科学》 3、Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-0882)拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生American essayist, lecturer,poet. The founder of American Transcendentalism(美国超验主义). （扩展：深受英国浪漫主义影响，宣扬超验主义哲学，鼓吹个人应摆脱人为的束缚。表现出业已成熟的人文主义思想，反应了他对人类局限的认知。） American Transcendentalism was the first American intellectual movement, The key point of it is that people can transcend(超越) the feeling and reason and learn the truth directly. Self-Reliance《论自助》 ♂简析：Self-Reliance is an important and influential work which encourages a man to be confident and ind ependent. Four main ideas in the work including “The Confidence” , “The Independence” , “The Personality” ,
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
第15单元威廉姆?福克纳 15.1复习笔记 I.Introduction to author（作者简介） 1.Life（生平） William Faulkner(1897-1962)was born into a Southern family with a fairly long tradition.The town of Oxford where he was brought up became the model for his fictional Jefferson.His own family history found its way into his novels.He joined the Royal Flying Corps in Canada and still under training when the war was over.He returned to the United States,attended the University of Mississippi for a year,and supported himself with a variety of odd jobs.His first two novels were not very promising.But Sartoris（1929）revealed Faulkner’s fuller development as a writer. His next book,The Sound and the Fury,was definitely the mature work of a major work.In the following years,his major works appeared one after another.In1946, Malcoim Cowley edited The Viking Portable Faulkner with a generous introduction of his works.Faulkner became the center of critical attention.Faulkner won the Nobel Price for literature in1949. 威廉·福克纳(1897—1962)出生于一个历史悠久的南方家庭。他在牛津镇长大，该镇后来成为其小说中虚构的杰斐逊镇的原型。他的家族史也被写进了他的小说中。一战早期他曾在加拿大参加英国陆军航空队，训练未完一战就已结束了。回国后他在密西西比大学就读一年，后做过多种杂工。他的前两部小说并未引起注意，而1929年出版的《沙特里斯》却表
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
第11单元薇拉?凯瑟 11.1复习笔记 I.Introduction to author（作者简介） 1.Life（生平） Willa Cather(1873—1947)was an American woman author who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains,in works such as O Pioneers!,Myántonia and The Song of the Lark.In1923she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours(1922),a novel set during World War I.Cather grew up in Nebraska and graduated from the University of Nebraska.She lived and worked in Pittsburgh for ten years,and then at the age of33she moved to New York,where she lived for the rest of her life. 薇拉·凯瑟(1873—1947)是一位美国女作家，她对边疆生活的描写获得广泛认可，主要体现在《啊，拓荒者》、《我的安东尼亚》和《云雀之歌》等作品中。1923年，她凭借《我们中的一个》获得普利策奖，该作品取材于一战。凯瑟在内布拉斯加州长大，毕业于内布拉斯加大学。她在匹兹堡生活工作了十年，随后在她33岁时移居到纽约，直至终老。 2.Major Works（主要作品） O Pioneers!(1913)《啊，拓荒者》 The Song of the Lark(1915)《云雀之歌》 Myántonia(1918)《我的安东尼亚》
美国文学选读期末复习资料 The Colonial Period or The Enlightenment and Revolution Period American Puritanism ( roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 作品：1、Poor Richard's Almanac 《格言历书》--- A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success. 2、The Autobiography 《自传》---“美国梦”的根源 3、参与起草《独立宣言》 American Romanticism The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. 浪漫主义两大主题：爱和大自然的力量 The social and cultural background of Romanticism： ---The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. ---The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. ---The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. ---The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies as a source of corruption.