2017.2.1
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. 每周六上午九点，五万多名跑步者在他们附近的公园跑五公里。
The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. “Parkrun”这一现象最初由十几个朋友发起，如今在英国却已引发四百个类似活动，在国外就更多了。
Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. 活动是免费的，还招募了大量的自愿者。
Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. 跑步者从四岁到祖父母辈都有，他们的用时区间从安德鲁·巴德利创造的世界记录13分钟48秒到一个小时不等。Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. “Parkrun”在伦敦奥运会“遗产”失败之处取得了成效。
Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. 十年前的一个周一宣布，第三十届奥林匹克运动会将在伦敦举行。
Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. 计划文件承诺、奥运会的伟大遗产将会让一个国家的体育爱好者离开他们的沙发。
The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. 人们将身材更好、更键康，并将产生越来越多的冠军，但是这些并未发生。
The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012, but the general population was growing faster. 每周锻炼身体的成年人数量的确在2012年前增加了将近两百万，但总人口增长速度更快。
Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. 更槽糕的是，这个数字现在正在加速下降。
The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 反对者声称，每周至少进行两小时体育运动的小学生减少了近一半。
Obesity has risen among adults and children. 肥胖的成人和儿童人数在增加。
Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." 官方仍在反思为什么2012年伦敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”。
The success of Parkrun offers answers. “Parkrun”的成功给出了答案。
Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Y our only competitor is the clock. “Parkrun”不是竞赛、而是计时赛：你唯一的竞争对手是时间。
The ethos welcomes anybody. 其精神在于欢迎任何人。
There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. 气喘吁吁的初次参与者在冲线时会得到人们的掌声喝彩，由此产生的快乐堪比最有天赋的新星的表现。
The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. 相比之下，奥运会申办者则希望让更多的人参与体育运动并产生更多的精英运动员。The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. 双重目标混为一谈：成功而并非参与的压力会让初次参与者望而生畏。
Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. 实际上，国家把这样一个基本的“草根”概念作为社区体育协会来参与规划是有些荒唐的。
If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods: making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. 如果政府要发挥作用，它应该真正参与到公共设施的建设之中：确保有运动场地的空间，有资金用于建设网球和篮网球场地，并支持学校开展所有这些体育活动。
But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. 但是历届政府都卖过绿地，从地方政府压榨资金并不断减少对体育教育的关注。
Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. 除了口头和相应的战略内容，未来政府需要作出更多的行动来创造条件，使得体育运动蓬勃发展。
Or at least not make them worse. 或者至少不让情况更加糟糕。
2
With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. 对孩子使用电子设备给予太多的关注，很容易让父母忘记自己使用电子设备。
"Tech is designed to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. “发展科技的目的就是为了让你沉浸其中”，詹妮·拉德斯基在她的数字产品研究中宣称，“生产数字产品是为了让你对其更痴迷。
It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine." 这很难让人不沉浸其中，也会导致家庭日常受到重大影响。”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. 拉德斯基通过妈妈—孩子食物测试实验，研究了手机和平板电脑的使用。She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. 她发现，在实验期间使用电子设备的母亲与孩子进行的语言交流减少了20%，进行的非语言交流减少了39%。
During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. 在一次独立的观察中，她发现手机成了家庭紧张氛围的根源。
Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. 父母当时可能正在查看他们的电子邮件，而孩子们可能正在努力地想要获得他们的注意。Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device, it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. 婴幼儿会自然的观察父母的表情以试图理解他们的世界，如果他们面无表情、毫无回应——他们沉浸于电子设备时经常如此，这会让孩子们极其不安。
Radesky cites the "still face experiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. 拉德斯基引用了发展心理学家埃德·特洛尼克20世纪70年代做的“静止脸实验”。In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; 在该实验中，一位妈妈被要求与她的孩子以正常的方式互动，之后，要求她面无表情并且不能做出视觉上的、社交性的回应。
The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention. 结果，这个孩子试图吸引妈妈的注意力，同时变得越来越痛苦。
"Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky. 拉德斯基说，“父母不必一直都出现，但是出现和不出现之间需要平衡，父母需要对孩子情感需求的语言或非语言的表达要敏感，且对此做出回应”。
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: "It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them." 另一方面，特罗尼克本身也担忧，对于孩子使用电子设备的担忧来自于“压迫性的意识形态，其要求父母应该经常与孩子互动”：它所基于的意识形态有点儿理想化，极其符合白人和中上层阶级的观念，这一意识形态认为如果你未能让孩子接触到3万个词汇，你就是忽略了他们。
Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it, particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. 特罗尼克之所以这么看，根本原因在于，孩子没有从屏幕中上学到东西并不意味着它就毫无价值，尤其是当它能让父母有时间冲个淋浴、做些家务或只是暂时离开孩子休息一下的时候。Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. 他说，父母使用自己的电子设备可以得到很多东西，这样跟朋友聊天就有话可聊或者完成一些工作。
This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time. 这会让父母更加开心，也更可能让父母用剩下的时间陪伴孩子。
3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a
fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. 如今，高中毕业后即刻升入大学这一普遍的社会压力，加之快速发展的世界对学生越来越高的要求，往往导致学生完全忽略了选择间隔年这一可能。
After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? 毕竟，如果你认识的每个人都要在秋季步入大学，你一个人休息一年似乎很傻，不是吗？
And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic. 并且在经历十二年的求学路程之后，花一年时间做学习之外的事也会让人觉得不正常。But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. 但是即使这些都成立，也不足以成为谴责间隔年的理由。
There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. 社会上永久延续着一场“向终点冲刺的比赛”，无论终点是研究生院、医学院还是赚钱的职业，人们总有一种落后于别人的担忧。
But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it. 但是尽管存在着一些普遍的误解，间隔年并不会阻碍学业追求上的成功——实际上，它很可能助人成功。
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. 美国和澳洲的研究表明，经历过间隔年的学生通常比未经历过间隔年的学生对大学生活有更充分的准备，在校的表现也更好。
Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes, all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. 间隔年不仅不会拖学生们后腿，它还会通过培养学生们的独立性、全新的责任感和适应环境变化来帮助他们前行，而这些都是第一年进入大学的学生们最纠结的事情。
Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders. 间隔年的种种经历能够减轻学生在适应大学生活以及身陷全新环境之时所遇到的挫折，使他们更容易专注于学业及集体活动上，而不必为适应问题分心。
If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. 如果你不相信休学一年具有发掘兴趣的内在价值，那么不妨考虑一下这种行为对于未来学业选择上的经济影响。According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. 根据美国国家教育统计中心的数据，近80%的大学生最后都至少换过一次专业。
This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. 这并不奇怪，因为高中那些必修的基础课程不能让学生对大学里广泛的专业选择有足够的了解。
Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. 许多学生都在大学申请时选择一个专业，上过大学课程之后却转到了另一个专业。
It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. 这并不一定是件坏事，但是根据不同学校的情况，换专业太晚可能会在弥补学分这件事上付出高昂代价。
At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. 例如，在波士顿学院，如果你想从其他专业转到护理专业的话，你就必须再额外学习一年。
Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on. 选择间隔年一开始就把事情弄明白有助于预防压力，之后还能节省金钱。
4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management. 尽管日益频发的野火常被视为西部州的问题，但由于它对联邦税收的巨大影响，目前已成为一件举国关切之事，林火生态与消防管理专家马克思·莫里茨表示。
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires, nearly double
the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. 美国林务局每年用于防火的预算是55亿美元，2015年它的防火费用首次超过了这个预算的一半，几乎是二十年前在这方面支出比例的一倍。
In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work, such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep that affect the lives of all Americans. 事实上，现在用于该机构其他工作的联邦基金减少了，诸如森林保护、集水区及文化资源管理以及基础设施的维护，这些工作影响了所有美国人的生活。
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. 另一件举国关切之事是，来自其他机构的公共基金是否将用于火灾易发区的建设。
As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire? 正如莫里茨教授所说，用于建设家园的联邦资金可能会被吞没到火灾中的频率如何？
"It's already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country," he says." 他说：“从公共支出的角度来看，这对整个国家来说已经是一个巨大的难题”，
We need to take a magnifying glass to that. 对此，我们需要用放大镜来看这个问题。
Like, "Wait a minute, is this OK?" "Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?" 比如说，等一下，‘这样做可行吗？’还是我们转而想要把那些资本改道用于地景的低风险区域呢？
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say. 研究者说，这样的观念需要当今美国社会在看待火灾的方式上做出相应的改变。
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. 首先，有关火灾的会谈应该更具包容性。
Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change, how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires. 在过去的十年，人们的关注点一直都在气候变化上，即，源于温室气体的地球变暖如何诱发火灾恶化的环境。While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation. 莫里茨教授说，尽管气候是一个关键因素，但是不能以牺牲其他影响因素为代价。
"The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. 他说：“人类系统与我们赖以生存的地景是相互联系的，而且这种相互联系是双向的”。Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. 不能认识到这一点就会导致“我们对于可能性解决措施的看法过于简单化。
Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited." 我们对问题的认识以及对问题解决办法的认识变得极其有限。
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. 与此同时，人们仍旧把火灾视为需要全面控制且只有在必要之时才需要释放的事件，科罗拉多大学的鲍尔奇教授说。
But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude, crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says. 然而，承认火灾在人类生活中的必然存在这一态度，对于制定确保火灾尽可能安全的法律、政策以及惯例才是至关重要的，她如是说道。
"We've disconnected ourselves from living with fire," Balch says. 鲍尔奇教授说，“我们已经把我们自己与火灾剥离开来，
"It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today." 理解并尽力梳理人类当今与火灾的关系至关重要。
2016.2.1
It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. 诚然，高中的编程课对于大学学习计算机科学课程来说并不是必需的。
Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science. 因为即使是没有编程经验，学生也能在上过一些入门编程课程后赶上来，卡耐基梅隆大学计算机科学学院副院长汤姆·科尔蒂纳这样说道。
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. 科尔蒂纳说，不过，较早地接触计算机科学是有益处的。
When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers, but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. 当年轻的学生学习计算机科学的时候，他们就会知道计算机科学并不是令人困
惑、无穷尽的字母和数字串，而是一种工具，这种工具能编写应用程序、创造艺术作品或检验假设。
It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 相比于大一点的学生，这些学生在转变自己的思维过程方面的难度就小得多。
Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. 把问题分解为多个小问题，然后用代码解决这些小问题，这种方式成了常态。
Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said. 给予更多孩子这样的训练会让更多的人对计算机这一领域感兴趣，同时还有助于弥补这一职业缺口。
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away. 学生在上大学之前，学习编程的一些知识也是有益处的，因为大学里的计算科学入门课一向爆满，这就可能会使那些对计算机缺乏经验或者是还在犹豫的学生放弃这个专业。
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. 熨斗学院是一所付费编程培训学校，它创建之前只是众多的编程训练营之一，如今这所学院很受那些考虑更换职业的人的欢迎。
The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. 编程讲师维多利亚·弗里德曼说道，高中生学的编程课程也是该校的那种，“他们尽量设置一些学生感兴趣的课程。”For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. 例如，学生们正在开发一个根据用户心情推荐电影的应用。
The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. 熨斗编程培训班的学生可能不会高中辍学，然后创建出下一个“脸书”公司。
Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. 编程语言的更新很快，因此等到他们进入劳动力市场时，他们所学的“Ruby on Rails”编程语言甚至与市场需求都不太相关。
But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem and organize the results —apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina. 如何运用逻辑思维思考问题和理清结果，这些他们学到的技能适用于各种编程语言，北卡罗来纳州教育顾问黛博拉·希霍恩说道。
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. 的确，熨斗学院的学生可能根本就不会进入IT行业。
But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. 但培养一大批程序员并不是这些编程班的唯一目标。These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes —for the rest of their lives. 在这些学生日后生活中，他们所处的环境中处处都有计算机——他们的口袋里、办公室里和家里。
The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want, the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better. 他们越早知道计算机的工作原理，越早让计算机为他们所用，越早掌握这种技能，就越好。
2016.2.2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens, a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. 生物学家估计美国中西部和西南部的广袤草原上曾生活着多达200万只的小草原松鸡，这些红色的小草原松鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原风貌增添了几分红艳。
But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species' historic range. 但如今小草原松鸡的现存数量只有大约22,000只，其栖息地范围仅有过去的16%那么大。
The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. 小草原松鸡数量的锐减是促使美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局（USFWS）决定正式将其列为“受到威胁”物种的主要原因。
"The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. 该管理局局长丹尼尔·阿什说：“小草原松鸡处境十分堪忧。”
Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. 然而，一些
环保主义者却对此感到失望。
They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. 因为他们一直敦促该管理局将这种鸟类列为“濒危”物种，这样的话就能让联邦官员有更大的监管权来打击威胁该物种的行为。
But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. 但是阿什和其他人称，“受到威胁”这一标签让联邦政府能够灵活地尝试新的且发生冲突可能性更小的保护措施。
In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat. 特别地，他们呼吁联邦政府与西部各州政府进行更紧密的合作，因为这些州政府常常对联邦政府的举措感到不安。同时联邦政府也要和土地所有者进行紧密合作，这些人控制着约95%的小草原松鸡栖息地。
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. 例如，根据一项计划，该管理局称其不会起诉那些非故意地杀死、伤害或干扰小草原松鸡的土地所有者或企业，前提是他们已经签署了一项覆盖全部栖息地的管理计划来修复小草原松鸡的栖息地。Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. 该计划由USFWS和西部各州协商制定，它要求因经营需要而破坏栖息地的个人和企业向一个基金支付罚款，每有一英亩栖息地遭到破坏，该基金就会购买两英亩新的栖息地来将其替换。
The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. 该基金也会被用于补偿那些主动留出栖息地的土地所有者。USFWS也设定了一个中期目标，即在未来十年，将小草原松鸡的数量恢复到平均每年67,000只的水平。And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. 并且该管理局将监督目标实施进程的任务交给了西部鱼类及野生动植物管理局协会，该协会是西部各州鱼类及野生动植物管理局的联合体。
Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver's seat for managing the species," Ashe said. 总之，阿什称：“该计划的目的是让“各州”负责管理小草原松鸡。”
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. 并不是所有人都买这个鼓吹双赢计划的账。
Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. 一些国会议员正试图阻止该计划，此外，至少有十二个行业集团、四个州和三个环保组织将向联邦法院起诉来撤销这个计划。
Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn't go far enough. 行业集团和州政府认为该计划的措施太过火了；而环保主义者却说该计划做得还不够，这一点毫不奇怪。
"The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction," says biologist Jay Lininger. 生物学家杰伊·利宁格说：“联邦政府这是把管理小草原松鸡的责任交给那些正把它推向灭绝的行业。”
2016.2.3
That everyone's too busy these days is a cliche. 如今人人都抱怨自己很忙，这已经是人们口中的陈词滥调了。
But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read. 但有一个抱怨听起来尤为让人伤感：一直没时间阅读。
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. 而让这个问题更糟糕的是，那些常见的时间管理技巧似乎并不足以改变这一问题。The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times". 网上充斥着各种教你如何腾出时间来阅读的攻略：诸如“别看电视”或者“随时带本书在身边”。
But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. 但在我看来，使用这些方法来腾出个30分钟
左右的阅读时间是不管用的。
Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning, or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. 因为当你坐下来阅读的时候，脑海里各种关于工作的思绪就开始翻腾，或是你太疲劳了以致于你最不想做的就是读一本吃力的书。
The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication... 小说家兼批评家蒂姆·帕克斯写道：“当代人的心理极其倾向于交流……
It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption". 并不仅仅是说你被打扰了，而是你实际上很容易被打扰。
Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. 深度阅读需要的不仅仅是时间，而是一种特别的时间，它不是仅仅通过提高效率就能获得的。
In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. 实际上，“提高效率”只是解决没有时间阅读这一问题的一方面。
Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. 如果能把时间看做是一种可被最大化利用的资源，那就意味着你能把它当做工具来用，并且只有在你时刻都向特定目标迈进的时候，你才认为每一刻时间都是用有所值的。
Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. 相反，深度阅读取决于你愿意承担无效率、无目标地阅读所带来的后果，这种阅读后果甚至是浪费时间。
Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading —useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. 如果你能把阅读列为你每天必做事项之一，那么你就能做到专一于目标的阅读——有时这是有效果的，但它并不是最让人感到满足的阅读方式。
"The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them".加里·埃伯利在他的《神圣的时间》一书中写道：“我们的未来就像空瓶子一样，在一条不可阻挡且似乎无止尽的传送带上流转，这让我们感到一种压力，那就是不同大小的瓶子（几天、几小时、几分钟）在传送带上经过的时候要把它们都装满，因为瓶子经过而没有被装满，我们就浪费了这些瓶子。
No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. 没有哪种心态能比沉浸书海这种感觉更好。
So what does work? 那么哪种方法能奏效呢？
Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. 那就是安排定期的阅读时间，这个答案或许让人感到惊讶。
You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time".你会觉得这种方式会助推注重效率的心理，但埃伯利指出，事实上这种惯例性行为有助于我们“走出时间在流逝”这样的心理并进入“心灵时间”。
You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. 通过只阅读纸质书籍，或是在只有阅读这种功能的阅读器上阅读，就能减少让你分心的事情。
"Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too —providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. “随时带本书在身边”这种方式也能奏效，前提是在足够多的时间里你都沉浸在阅读中，从而让阅读成为你的常态，只是在你需要处理事务的时候才把注意力从书上暂时移开，之后再次专心阅读。
On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else. 在你的阅读状态进入佳境的某天，你就不会再有“腾出时间来阅读”这种感觉，而是你一直在阅读，腾出时间来做其他事。
2016.2.4
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. 一项最新的民意调查发现，面对经济和人口结构的巨大变化，年轻的美国人正在寻找21世纪的成功之道。
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in
their sixties. 纵观历代美国人，他们仍然推崇很多不变的成功生活的传统里程碑，包括结婚、生子、安家落户和在60多岁的时候退休。
But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. 尽管年轻人和老年人通常对于什么构成了充实人生的终点持相同意见，但他们就实现充实人生的方式有着截然不同的看法。Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. 该调查发现，比起老年人，那些仍然处在生活起跑线的年轻人更加推崇他们在工作中的个人成就，更加认同通过定期换工作来推进职业生涯，更喜欢具备更多公共服务的社区和更加快节奏的生活，更坚信夫妻在结婚或者抚育孩子之前应该有经济上的保障，更主张父母双方都在外工作才可给孩子提供最好的生活。
From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. 从职业到社区到家庭，这些鲜明的对比表明，在严重的经济大萧条的余波之后，那些人生刚刚起步的人正在明确需要优先处理的重要事项和期望，它们几乎会逐渐延伸至美国生活的方方面面，小到消费者喜好到住房模式，大到政治。
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. 年轻人和老年人在关键的一点上见解相同：两个阵营的绝大多数人都认为，比起前几代人，今天年轻人的人生起步更加艰难。Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. 尽管相比他们的长辈，对于现在处于起步阶段的人的前景，在某种程度上年轻人更加乐观一些，但两个阵营的多数人都认为，相比之前的几代人，“人生刚刚起步”的人在获得诸如拥有薪酬丰厚的工作、成家、管理债务以及找到经济适用的住房等标志性成就上会更加困难。
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. 皮特·施耐德认为，现今这段攀登之路更加艰难。
Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. 施耐德是一位来自芝加哥郊区的27岁的汽车技师。他说自己从大学毕业后就努力找工作。
Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." 即使现在他工作稳定，他说：“我自己负担不起每月的住房贷款，所以我不得不把房子出租给别人，这样才能支付月供。”
Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young." 回首以前，他感到不可思议：在他年轻的时候，他的父母居然有能力给他们的孩子提供一个舒适的生活，即使他们没有一个上过大学。
I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said. "I don't think people are capable of that anymore." 施耐德说：“我的父母没有大学文凭，但我依旧能成长在一个中产阶级偏上的家庭，我认为现在的人们再也无法做到了。”
2015.2.1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. 一项与大多数研究相反的新研究表明，人们在家中实际上比在工作中的压力更大。Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. 皮质醇是压力大小的标识，研究人员测量了人们工作时和在家时的皮质醇，发现家这个被认为是庇护所的地方，人们的皮质醇更高。"Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home." “此外，另一个与传统思维相矛盾的发现是，与男性一样，女性在工作中的压力程度比在家中更低。”
Write one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. 其中一名研究员莎拉·达马斯克写道。
In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, "It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work." 她指出，事实上女性甚至说在工作中感觉更轻松，“是男性反映说在家比在工作中更快乐，而不是女性，”
Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. 另一个让人感到意外的是这个发现适用于有孩子或没有孩子的父母，而没有孩子的父母则更是如此。
This is why people who work outside the home have better health. 这就是为什么外出工作的人身体更健康。
What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. 这项研究没有衡量的是人们在家时是否仍在工作，无论是家务活还是从办公室带回家的工作。
For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. 对很多男性来说，工作日结束后就到了休息的时候。
For women who say home, they never get to leave the office. 而家对女性来说，就是她们不曾离开的“办公室”。
And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch—up—with—household tasks. 而对于外出工作的女性来说，她们经常在忙着处理家务活。
With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home. 由于角色的含混不清，事实上，对于职业女性来说，在进行调整方面家远远不及工作场所，那么在家的女性压力更大就不那么让人惊讶了。
But it's not just a gender thing. 但是这不仅仅是性别问题。
At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. 上班时，人们差不多知道自己该做的事：工作，挣钱，做必须要做的事来获得收入。
The bargain is very pure; Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life—sustaining moola. 这种交易很纯粹；雇员投入数小时的体力或脑力劳动来得到维持生计的薪水。On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. 而在家中，人们就没分得那么清楚了。
Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. 家务活安排得那样客观而又有条理的是少之又少。
There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. 家里有一大堆事情要做，而做大多数的事情的报酬又不够。
Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. 你家里的同事———你的家人——也没有确切的报酬来酬劳他们为此付出的劳动；他们需要被人说服，如果他们是青少年，要拿完全没收全部的电子设备来威胁他们。
Plus, they're your family. 而且，他们是你的家人。
You cannot fire your family. 你不能把他们赶走。
You never really get to go home from home. 你也没法从一个家跑到另外一个家。
So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. 因此，人们在家中压力更大就不那样令人吃惊了。
Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co—workers are much harder to motivate. 家务活不但永远都做不完，而且“同事们”又更难以激励。
2015.2.2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree, lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. “第一代大学生”是指那些父母没有大学学位的大学生，多年以来，很多研究发现他们在一系列的教育成就方面落后于其他的学生。
Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. 他们的成绩比其他学生低、辍学率比他们高。
But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. 但是鉴于这类学生只要在高等教育上取得成功，他们就更可能在经济上到得提升，所以各大学院和大学几十年来一直在努力招收更多这类的学生。
This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first—generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that
higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. 这就出现了一个“矛盾现象”，招收那些第一代大学生，但随后目睹他们中的很多人失败，这就意味着高等教育“继续在制造和扩大基于社会阶级的成就差距，而不是缩小它，根据即将在《心理科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文令人忧愁的开篇所说。
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students. 但是这篇文章事实上相当地乐观，因为它概述了解决该问题的可能方案，提出的那个方案（它涉及一个一小时，几乎无花费计划）能缩小第一代大学生和其他学生之间的百分之六十三的成就差距（通过测量考试成绩等因素）。The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. 这篇论文的作者来自不同的大学，他们的发现基于一项涉及某所私立大学147名学生的研究（这些学生完成了该研究项目）。
First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. “第一代大学生”被定义为他们的父母没有四年制大学学位。
Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree. 大多数第一代大学生（59.1%）是佩尔助学金的获得者，这是一个为需要经济帮助的本科生设立的联邦助学金。而事实上父母中至少有一方有四年制大学学位的学生中，仅有8.6%是该助学金的获得者。
Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact, was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential, but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. 他们的论文表明相对适中的“介入”会有大影响，其着眼点是第一代大学生最缺乏的或许不是潜能，而是如何处理大多数大学生都面临的问题的实际知识。
They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. 他们引用由若干作者做过的研究来表明，要想缩小第一代大学生与其他大学生之间的成就差距，就必须缩小他们在解决问题的实际知识上的差距。Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the 'rules of the game,' and take advantage of college resources," they write. 他们写道，很多第一代大学生“努力想摸索高等教育的中产阶级文化，学习它的‘游戏规则，’和利用大学资源。”
And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. 当大学没有提及不同群体的大学生的阶级优势和劣势时，成就差距就更成了一个问题。
"Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students 'like them' can improve." “因为美国高校很少承认社会阶级对学生教育经历的影响，许多第一代大学生看不透他们为什么在苦苦挣扎，也不明白‘像他们’这样的学生该如何改善这一局面。”
2015.2.3
Even in traditional offices, "the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago," said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. 哈佛商学院教授南希·科恩说道，即使是在传统的办公室，“美国企业的通用语已变得比二十年前更有感染力和更有创造性。”
She started spinning off examples. 她开始列举例子来具体说明。"If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. “如果你和我回到1990年《财富》杂志500强企业，我们会发现他们那时很少使用历程、使命、激情等这些词。
There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn't talk about energy; we didn't talk about passion." 他们那时用的是目的、战略、任务，但是既没有提及力量；也没有提及激情。”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very "team"-oriented—and not by coincidence. 科恩指出，新时代的企业用词非常突出以“团队”为导向——这不是偶然。
"Let's not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it's still a big deal. “我们不要忘了体育运动——在男性主导的美国企业中，体育中的团队精神依然非常重要。”
It's not explicitly conscious; it's the idea that I'm a coach, and you're my team, and we're in this together. 团队精神并不那么突出；其实是这个想法：我是教练，你们是我的队伍，我们是一起的。There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win." 尽管很多的首席执行官所属的企业类型很不相同，但他们中的大多数人都以教练自居，企业是他们的队伍，他们想要赢。These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. 这些词语也旨在使工作充满意义——正如库拉纳说指出的那样，增加员工对公司的忠诚。
"You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose," said Khurana. 库拉纳说道，“企业引入了那些过去常常与非盈利组织和宗教组织相联系的用语：像远见、价值、激情和目的等词语。”
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. 这种对实现个人价值的新的关注有助于保持员工的积极性，尤其是在如何平衡工作与生活关系的争论日趋激烈的时候。
The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. 二十世纪九十年代的“妈妈间的论战”直到今天仍在继续，该论战引发了人们对《妇女为什么不能工作与家庭两不误呢？》和诸如谢丽尔·桑德伯格的《向前一步》等书的热议，而“向前一步”这个书名本身就已成为一个流行词语。
Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. 像拔掉电源、下线、生活黑客（指各种能提高个人办事效率的方法和技巧）、带宽和能力等这些词语全都与设定工作与家庭之间的界线有关。
But if your work is your "passion," you'll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed. 但是如果你的工作是你的“激情”所在，你就更可能全身心投入其中，即使那意味着你回家吃晚饭，然后在孩子睡觉后你还要工作很久。
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. 但是这似乎是办公室语言的可笑之处：人人都嘲笑它，但管理者喜爱它，公司依靠它，而且一般人愿意吸收它。
As Nunberg said, "Y ou can get people to think it's nonsense at the same time that you buy into it." 正如那伯格所说的，“你能让别人觉得办公室语言是胡扯，但同时你却又相信它。”
In a workplace that's fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are. 在一个和你的生活和生活意义根本就没有关系的工作场所，办公室语言能让你明白你是如何与你的工作联系起来的，以及你的工作是如何定义你是谁的。2015.2.4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. 对于劳动部门所报告的六月份新增28.8万个工作岗位和失业率下降至6.1个百分点，很多人都说这是个利好消息。
And they were right. 他们说得对。
For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. 因为这表明经济正以适当的速度创造就业。
We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. 尽管恢复充分就业的道路还很长，但至少我们正在以更快的速度前进。However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. 然而，就业形势中的另一个重要部分很大程度上被忽视了。
There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. 称自己自愿兼职的人的数量猛增了。This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level. 现在这个数字比一年前的水平高出83万（4.4个百分点）。
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. 在解释自愿兼职者的数量猛增与奥巴马医改计划的关系之前，还有一个值得去区分的地方。
Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time
jobs. 很多从事兼职工作的人其实想从事全职工作。
They take part-time work because this is all they can get. 他们从事兼职工作的原因是他们只能找到这样的工作。
An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet. 非自愿兼职工作数的增加说明劳动力市场疲软，这就意味着很多人将很难维持开销。There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. 虽然六月份的非自愿兼职人数在增加，但总体呈下降趋势。
Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from is year ago level. 尽管非自愿兼职就业数依然比经济衰退之前要高得多，但和一年前的水平比，该数字已经下降64万（7.9个百分点）。
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. 从受访者口中我们知道了自愿与非自愿兼职工作之间的区别。
The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. 劳动部门所引用的调查问受访者他们在问卷所提及的那周工作是否少于35个小时。
If the answer is "yes," they are classified as working part-time. 如果受访者的答案是“是”，他们就被归为兼职工作者，
The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. 该调查然后问他们在那周工作少于35小时是因为自己不想做全职还是因为他们别无选择。
They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week. 如果受访者告诉调查者是他们选择一周工作少于35小时的话，那么他们就被归为自愿兼职工作者。
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. 自愿兼职工作这一问题与奥巴马医改计划相关联是因为该计划的主要目的之一就是让人们不就业也能得到医疗保险。
For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance. 对于大多数人来说，尤其是那些有严重健康问题的人或其家庭成员有严重健康问题的人，在奥巴马医改计划实施之前，得到医疗保险的唯一途径是找到提供健康保险的工作。However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. 而奥巴马医改计划已让1200多万人通过“Medicaid”或“医保交易所”得到了医疗保险。
These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. 这些人先前觉得为了让自己和家人得到医疗保险，就要找到提供该保险的全职工作。
With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance. 由于有了奥巴马医疗计划，就业和保险之间的联系就不再那么绝对了。
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！ 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译真题精析（20） 要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。凯程考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。 And home appliances will alsobecome so smart 0.5分//that controlling and operating them will result in 0.5分//the breakout of a new psychological disorder0.5分—//kitchen rage0.5分. (25 words) 词汇要点： 1) home appliances //家用电器 2) result in //导致，出现 3) breakout //n.爆发，出现，发作，发生 4) disorder//n.混乱，杂乱，紊乱;失调，疾病 结构要点： 1) …so …that …结果状语从句; 2) 破折号后面的kitchen rage 是在解释a new psychological disorder 。 汉译逻辑要点： 1) smart 翻译为“聪明”不太符合汉语习惯，因为上文主语是home appliances(家用电器)，家用电器“智能化”或者“精巧、小巧”都可以。 2) psychological disorder 翻译为“心理疾病，心理失调，心理紊乱”都可以，但是前面还有new 修饰，翻译为“新的心理疾病”才适合。 3) result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder ，意思是“导致一种新的心理疾病的爆发”。“导致…爆发”就是“引发了这种疾病”。 4) kitchen rage 是对前面的a new psychological disorder 这种“新的心理疾病”的解释，rage 本来是“愤怒”，既然是心理疾病，那就是“狂躁症”。road rage 叫“路怒症”是指开车的人不规矩，一上路就狂躁。kitchen rage 是指人一进厨房就狂躁。 完整译文： 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂燥症。
2015考研英语二翻译真题解析 英语二的翻译一直应该是考生应该得分的题目，今年的题目总体来说与去年相当，甚至略微简单，文章来自心理学网站https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a16369018.html,。节选标题为“The Well-Travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By”的一篇文章，经过命题人改编，共156个词，有8句话，符合英语二翻译模式与难度。所以文章长度基本保持不变，内容涉及领域为心理学，共三段，长短句相间，短句较多，涉及知识点有表语从句、宾语从句、原因状语从句、时间状语从句。但是都较为简单。考生只要在考前进行过一定数量的段落练习。相信翻译是考生争取拿分的题目。 继去年一篇积极心理学的文章后，今年又出了一篇心理方面的文章，但是专业程度不强，所以对学生来说还是很容易接受的。 首先文章中阐释的一种心理现象是“well-travelled road effect”是考生们不熟悉的一个词语，但是通过全文阅读会发现，这是人们生活中一种常见的现象，所以考生可以自己进行总结，而且这个中心词中没有出现生词，所以对于考生来说还是比较简单的。 其它稍微可能有难度的词语为commute：通勤;perceive：察觉;well-travelled road effect： 熟悉路线效应;underestimate：低估;route：道路;allocate：分配，掌握了这些词汇，应该就没有大问题了。 下面来分析其中稍微有难度的句子。 Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. 【解析】首先“twist and turn”的意思是迂回曲折，具体到路上表示的就是指道路的拐弯、曲折。其次“know sth like the back of your hand”的英文释义为： to have very good and detailed knowledge of something，即对某件事情非常了解、了如指掌。 【翻译】不管是哪一条路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。 文中包括一个以上从句的句子有The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.这是由一个表语从句和宾语从句组成的复合句，但是都可以直接按顺序翻译，所以不涉及翻译技巧。 其他句子较简单，在此不做详解，下附全文翻译： 设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。可能是你每天上下班、去城里、或是回家的路。不管是哪一条路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。在这样的路途中，我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉，对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾。如此一来，你会觉得路上所花的时间比实际要少。 这就是“熟悉路线效应”：人们往往会低估行驶在熟悉的路上所花费的时间。 这一效应由我们分配精力的方式引起。当行驶在熟悉的路上时，由于我们不用太过集中精力，时间似乎飞逝而过。 随后，我们回想行车过程时，由于我们没有过多关注，所以对行车的印象也很模糊。因
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简 述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及 美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。 二、试题解析 1.【答案】D 【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项 designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。2．【答案】C 【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、 meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家 会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析 可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting 的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting， meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。 3．【答案】B 【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia， 所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项 digits“（阿拉伯）数字”，不表示数量，不能与rising 形成搭配；C 项amounts“数量”，常修饰不可数名词（此处指 的是cases，可数名词）；D 项sums“金额，款项”，不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”，修饰可数名词（如： large numbers of cases 大量的病例），符合题意。 4．【答案】A 【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索，与上文意思（第二段）形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达 如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性，所以根据But 和in
2020年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间 为大家提供2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯 请关注我们网站的更新! 2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 英语1文章明显偏学术，今年考察英语语言发展情况，文章选的英国文化教育协会，是雅思出题组织者。它的主席叫大卫格兰多的 一本书，叫《英语下一步》，他讲到整本书意思是英语将走向何处。 很有意思的是主席曾经这本书里说到了中文将以后成为世界语言。英语1考题作为序言部分作为考题。 今年英语1总体难度和去年相比，刚刚过去2016年考研题稳中 有一点点上升，没有任何难句出现，只是长句。我认为稳中上升。 第一句话有一个单词难一点，(英文)，英语全球性主导地位。翻译里没有考过。(英文)主导地位考过，但是是阅读里经常出现，翻 译都是可以的。这句话基本意思说到了，说英语的人进一步扩大， 这是一个(英文)状语从句。后面跟着有迹象表明，是主句，表明的 迹象是什么呢?从句，英语全球性主导地位在可预见地位将减弱。 fade(英文)略微有难度。我对考研阅读没有那么熟，但是2000 年出现过。如果按照新东方老师关注的精读方法来学习有很好的效果。 第二句话讲到了大卫这个人分析，会终结一些人的(英文)，他们或许会认为英语全球性地位是如此稳定。他们有一次词，是(英语) 如此稳定，英国年轻一代不需要额外学习其他的语言能力。但是会 终结年轻一代的能力。 但是组织的时候要注意一下，有些人认为英语语言地位如此稳定，英国年轻人没有必要学习什么，但是大卫的观点会终结这些人的想法。语序颠倒一下会更好。
2018 年考研英语（二）大作文万能高分模板（图表类） 第一部分，模板与说明 图表类作文分为两大类： 1.动态类,即描述事物变化趋势,比如2010、2011、2014、2017年真题。 2.静态类,即描述某一事物各部分比例,比如2012、2013、2015、2016年真题。 无论2018大作文考研出什么情况和话题，都是用这个模板套用，大家背诵熟练，拿每一年的真题练手试验即可。具体方法，参见第二部分真题实战演练。 二者区别： 1.动态类描述一种或多种事物在不同时间点的状态或性质。（图标中通常出现有关时间的信息） 2.静态类描述一种或多种事物在同一时间点的状态或性质。（图表中通常不出现有关时间的信息） 图表作文写作思路： 第一段：描述图表内容。 第二段：分析原因，解释现象。 第三段：预测趋势，建议措施。 说明，我们的模板在170字左右，再加上自己写的主题词和图表描述句，这样字数就更多了。建议大家根据自己的情况删减一些句子，把总的字数控制在160～180。 ［模板#1（动态类图表）］： What is clearly presented in the above 图表类型 is that dramatic changes have taken place in 主题词1from年份1to年份2.During the period, there was a marked jump from数字1to数字2in 事物1,while that of 事物2 declined significantly/climbed slightly from 数字3 to 数字4（.若 有第三个事物，则再简单介绍第三个事物的情况） The 图表类型 informs us of the phenomenon that people in mounting numbers 图表所示的内容(and i believe there are several fundamental factors to account for the above-mentioned changes).Primarily ,with the rapid development of modern society which led by economy,快速发展的事物has turned out to be a trend that anyone cannot evade. Moreover ,with the quickening pace of modern life and the fierce competition of society,(1)(suffering from the reduplicated pressure from work and living,)(2)people's values have changed gradually ,more and more people chose to do something in order to do something. Finally,快速发展的事物 is closely related to the reforming policy of our country.
英语二T e x t 1 1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 [A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对） [C] is not required for advanced courses（正反） [D] is gaining more preferences（正反） 2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的。但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。
Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题 Section I Use of English Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danahe r says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated
2020年考研英语二阅读真题解析 2016年考研英语二阅读真题解析 首先，文章整体水平简单。文章的开头第一篇讲到的是尽早培养学生的编程能力。因为我们是"互联网+"的时代。文章谈到了它的中 心思想，开头谈一个反向的观点，然后第二个取反，取反的时候有 非常重要的标志。因为在学校里不怎么重视编程教学，然后在第二 段马上出现的是给你的提示"however"，这个词的出现就是提示。后 面又谈到一个词"beneficial"，这也是一个重要的词，这两个词掌 握好了就好做了。你拿到试卷以后，要在每篇题目上面写上一句话，细节服从，中心支持。我们已经抓到了大的方向，我们认为尽早培 养改革的编程能力是非常好的。 第一题，C这个人尽早让我们的孩子接受电脑科技会怎么样?这 里有一个同义改写，比如我们的第一题，非常的容易。文章中告诉 我们，相比年纪更大的学生而言，我们这些年轻的孩子做一件事情 就没有那么的难，所以你会发现就是一个"容易"的改写。这道题答 案就很明确了，就是定位好的句子。这是我们的第一题，叫重新塑 造你的思维方式。 在这道题当中，核心要看到一个概念，如果你这道题没有一个特别明确的思路你还可以借助中心的原则，谈到关于思维方式的问题。 第二题，谈我们的"F"这是一所高校，他在安排他课程的时候， 你会发现他又做了同义改写，对应文中"安排"这个词语，安排学生 课程的时候最重要的是什么事情呢?我们说过第一题定义在第二段， 这里定位在第四段。这里谈学生的兴趣，还给了一个"but"，"but" 这个词后面是我们的中心。 第三题，"DS"出现了，他说这个人认为在学校学到的技能，他将会怎么样。我们全文都在讨论的是让孩子们更早的接触。所以我们 的中心也很明确，对这个事情是非常正面的评价。所以ABCD四个选 项从细节来看，他能够帮助我们的学生能够应对很多其他的计算机
考研英语二翻译两大要点 说起考研英语二翻译，很多童鞋就一脸不屑：“不就是15分吗？我随便答一下就7、8分了，不用学！” 可是大家仔细想想，考研战场上可是分分必争啊。少了这几分，你会被多少人赶超过去。所以大家还是赶紧和太阳城考研1号小编看看考研英语二翻译的两大要点吧~ 一、段落衔接 考研英语二翻译要求大家把一篇英文翻译为中文。所以整个语篇的完整性、语义和段落之间的衔接是考查的重点。 翻译时，不仅要对每个句子进行理解和表达，而且要注意到整个语篇的完整含义和结构。因此大家提笔翻译之前一定要通读全文，理解了文章大意之后再去翻译，这样就基本不会出现前言不搭后语，上下文不连贯的情况。 二、语言表达 考研英语二翻译的句型和词汇都比较简单，它更考察大家的汉语水平。翻译时要在表达出句子基本意思的同时，注意汉语的表达。 考研英语二翻译评分细则中就提到了文字优美，所以大家必须要注重汉语表达。那怎么实现文字优美，提高自己的汉语表达？ 实际上，大家可以在翻译时多使用四个字的词语或成语。 如：2010年翻译中有一句“I had no money”。很多童鞋看到这个句子就高兴了，觉得这也太简单了，不就是我没有钱吗。可是在你沾沾自喜的时候，别人已经把这个句子美化为“我身无分文”，或
“我生活拮据”，这样一下就比你多了两三分。是不是细思极恐？ 当然，学会这两点还不足以搞定考研英语二翻译，大家还要扎扎实实的复习，要重视每一句每一个词翻译的准确性。这一点对基础薄弱的童鞋尤为重要。 《考研圣经》在你手，基础薄弱不用愁！逐词逐句解真题，英语逆袭真神器！ 考研英语二复习书推荐，大部分人都在用的： 一、词汇： 1.《非常词汇》 适合人群：英语一和英语二通用 推荐理由:??800个句子浓缩所有大纲单词，让你不再由A背到Z，背单词不再那么枯燥，记忆量大大变小了。赠送5大赠本，其中一个《必考词+基础词+超纲词》超赞！， 2.闪过英语考研《必考词汇应用全书》 适合人群：备考时间不充足的人 推荐理由：为什么适合备考时间不足的人，因为它的“薄、准、
Unit 1 1.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) She wouldn't take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. Unit 2 1.尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 2.迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 4.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 5.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. Unit 3 1.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2.还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to head the research there. 3.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4.虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5.我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.
2017考研英语（二）翻译真题参考译文及考点解析 来源：文都教育 2017年考研英语考试已经结束，文都教育给大家提供了的2017考研英语（二）真题翻译答案解析，供广大考生参考： 【原文题目】 My Dream My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!【参考译文】 我的梦想 我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。在我中学毕业的两年前，我参加了一个缝纫和设计课程，原以为我能再继续参加一个时装设计的课程。然而，就在这个课程上，我意识到，将来在这个领域，我是无法和那些富于创新精神的精英们相媲美的。于是，我断定到这条路走不通。在申请上大学之前，我和所有人都讲，我想学新闻学，因为，写作曾经是，现在也是我最喜欢的活动之一。但是，说实话，我之所以这样说，是因为我以为从事时装设计不过是一个梦想，我也知道，除了我之外，没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作。 【翻译解析】 1. My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. 参考译文：我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。 句子分析：这个句子是简单句，句子主干是My dream has always been to work，后面的部分是状语。难点的地方在于状语部分somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing, 这里somewhere不需要翻译出来避免后面的介词短语重复，抽象理解为在时尚设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。 2. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and
2017.2.1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. 每周六上午九点，五万多名跑步者在他们附近的公园跑五公里。 The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. “Parkrun”这一现象最初由十几个朋友发起，如今在英国却已引发四百个类似活动，在国外就更多了。 Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. 活动是免费的，还招募了大量的自愿者。 Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. 跑步者从四岁到祖父母辈都有，他们的用时区间从安德鲁·巴德利创造的世界记录13分钟48秒到一个小时不等。Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. “Parkrun”在伦敦奥运会“遗产”失败之处取得了成效。 Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. 十年前的一个周一宣布，第三十届奥林匹克运动会将在伦敦举行。 Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. 计划文件承诺、奥运会的伟大遗产将会让一个国家的体育爱好者离开他们的沙发。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. 人们将身材更好、更键康，并将产生越来越多的冠军，但是这些并未发生。 The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012, but the general population was growing faster. 每周锻炼身体的成年人数量的确在2012年前增加了将近两百万，但总人口增长速度更快。 Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. 更槽糕的是，这个数字现在正在加速下降。 The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 反对者声称，每周至少进行两小时体育运动的小学生减少了近一半。 Obesity has risen among adults and children. 肥胖的成人和儿童人数在增加。 Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." 官方仍在反思为什么2012年伦敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”。 The success of Parkrun offers answers. “Parkrun”的成功给出了答案。 Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Y our only competitor is the clock. “Parkrun”不是竞赛、而是计时赛：你唯一的竞争对手是时间。 The ethos welcomes anybody. 其精神在于欢迎任何人。 There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. 气喘吁吁的初次参与者在冲线时会得到人们的掌声喝彩，由此产生的快乐堪比最有天赋的新星的表现。 The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. 相比之下，奥运会申办者则希望让更多的人参与体育运动并产生更多的精英运动员。The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. 双重目标混为一谈：成功而并非参与的压力会让初次参与者望而生畏。 Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. 实际上，国家把这样一个基本的“草根”概念作为社区体育协会来参与规划是有些荒唐的。 If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods: making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. 如果政府要发挥作用，它应该真正参与到公共设施的建设之中：确保有运动场地的空间，有资金用于建设网球和篮网球场地，并支持学校开展所有这些体育活动。 But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. 但是历届政府都卖过绿地，从地方政府压榨资金并不断减少对体育教育的关注。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. 除了口头和相应的战略内容，未来政府需要作出更多的行动来创造条件，使得体育运动蓬勃发展。 Or at least not make them worse. 或者至少不让情况更加糟糕。