中华人民共和国海事局
2005年第1期一级引航员适任证书全国统考试题
科目：航海英语
(本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为60分，考试时间100分钟)
答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑．第1题至68题，每题1分，第69题至76题，每题1.5分，第77题至80题每题5分．
一．单项选择题
1. your nessel is approaching a bend. You hear a prolonged blast from around the bend. You
should______.
A. back your engines
B. stop your engines and drift
C. answer with one prolonged blast
D. sound the danger signal
2. you hear the fog signal of another vessel forward of your beam. Risk of collision may exist. you
______.
A. begin a radar plot
B. stop your engines
C. take all way off, if necessary
D. all of the above
3. Deep draught vessels may have to make use of the height of tide in order to have a safe under keel
clearance in areas where depths are ______.
A. sufficient
B. normal
C. abnormal
D. critical
4.Buoys are generally described in detail only when they have special navigational ______, or where
the scale of the chart is too small to show all the details clearly.
A. danger
B. aids
C. significance
D. appropriateness
5. Your radar is set on a true motion display. Which of the following will NOT appear to move across
the PPI scope?
A.Echoes from a buoy
B.Own ship's marker
C. Echo from a ship on the same course at the same speed
D. Echo from a ship on a reciprocal course at the same speed
6. The abbreviation PPI in the Sperry Collision Avoidance System means _______．
A. plan position indicator
B. plain position indicator
C. plane position indication
D. policy proof of interest
7. Your vessel is anchored in an open roadstead with three shackles of chain out on the port anchor.
The wind freshens considerably and the anchor begins to drag. Which action should you take
FIRST?
A. Drop the starboard anchor short with about one shot of chain
B. Sheer out to starboard using the rudder，then drop the starboard anchor with about four shots of
chain
C. Put the engines slow ahead to help the anchor
D. Veer out more chain on the port anchor
8. which vessel should not impede the navigation of a power-driven vessel?
A. a vessel not under command
B. a vessel engaged in fishing
C. a sailing vessel
D. a seaplane 9. A plane that cuts the Earth's surface and passes through the poles will always form ______.
A. the equator
B. a meridian
C. a small circle
D. a loxodromic curve
10. You are attempting to locate your position with reference to a hurricane center in the Northern
Hemisphere．If the wind direction remains steady but velocity diminishes with time，you are most likely ______．
A. in the right semicircle
B. in the left semicircle
C. on the storm track ahead of the center
D. on the storm track behind the center
11. A coastal current ______.
A. is generated by waves striking the beach
B. flows outside the surf zone
C. flows in a circular pattern
D. is also known as a longshore current
12. If you must pump bilges while a vessel is in port，you should pump only ______.
A. if discharge is led to a shore tank or barge
B. during the hours of darkness
C. on the outgoing tide
D. as much as is necessary
13. The mariner must be the final judge of the reliance he can place on the information given in the
Admiralty charts and other publications，since they ______．
A. may always be complete and up-to-date
B. may not always be complete and up-to-date
C. may sometimes be complete and up-to-date
D. may not sometimes be complete and up-to-date
14. On a twin-screw，twin-rudder vessel，the most effective way to turn in your own water，with no
way on，is to put ______.
A. one engine ahead and one engine astern，with full rudder
B. one engine ahead and one engine astern，with rudders amidships
C. both engines ahead，with full rudder
D. both engines astern，with full rudder
15. You must shore up the collision bulkhead due to solid flooding forward. The bulkhead
approximates a triangle. The center of pressure of the shores on the bulkhead should be located ______.
A. evenly over the surface of the bulkhead
B. approximately one-half the height of the bulkhead
C. approximately one-third the height of the bulkhead
D. at the bottom of the bulkhead
16. Whenever a new method of work is introduced，experts will ______ thoroughly what new risks
may arise．
A. look at
B. look for
C. look into
D. look on
17. When using distress frequencies to call a station via the radiotelephone you shall ______ . ① Call a
station for a period of not more than 30 seconds in each instance．② Wait an interval of at least 2 minutes between calls to a station．③ Cease calling for at least 15 minutes when a station does not reply to your call sent three times．
A. ① and ② only
B. ② and ③ only
C. ① and ③ only
D. ①② and ③
18. “Full speed ahead” and “Full speed astern” are ________，which given by the officers or the
pilots．
A. sailing orders
B. speed orders
C. wheel orders
D. telegraph orders
19. It is good practice to use long towlines for ocean tows because the ______.
A. wear on the towline is equalized
B. weight of the towline increases the towing force
C. dip in the towline absorbs shock loads
D. danger of overriding is reduced
20. A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connecting two large bodies of water which is
produced by the continuously changing difference in height of tide at the two ends of the passage is called a(n) ______．
A. hydraulic current
B. rectilinear current
C. rotary current
D. harmonic current
21. A snag or other underwater obstruction may form a ______.
A. V-shaped ripple with the point of the V pointing upstream
B. V-shaped ripple with the point of the V pointing downstream
C. small patch of smooth water on a windy day
D. smoothing out of the vessel's wake
22. How would the exhaust of a properly operating diesel engine appear?
A. Light blue haze
B. Light brown haze
C. Light gray haze
D. Perfectly clear
23. As the propeller turns，voids are formed on the trailing and leading edges of the propeller blades
causing a loss of propulsive efficiency，______，and vibration. These voids are known as
cavitation.
A. deformation of the blades
B. crack of the blades
C. crispation of the blades
D. pitting of the blades
24. You notice that your speed has decreased，the stern of your vessel has settled into the water，and
your rudder is sluggish in responding. The MOST likely cause is ______.
A. mechanical problems with the steering gear
B. shallow water
C. loss of lubricating oil in the engine
D. current t
25. In stopping distances of vessels，head reach can best be described as the ______.
A. difference between the vessel's speed through the water at any instant and the new speed
ordered on the telegraph
B. distance the vessel has actually run through the water since a change of speed was ordered
C. distance the vessel will run between taking action to stop her and being stationary in the
water
D. speed at which a vessel should proceed to ensure that she will run a predetermined distance，
once her engines have been stopped
26. You are upbound approaching a lock and dam and see two green lights in a vertical line. This
indicates ______.
A. the downstream end of an intermediate wall
B. that a double lockage is in progress
C. the downstream end of the land wall
D. the navigable pass of a fixed weir dam
27. Which of the following statement is correct regarding ship handling when in the vicinity of traffic
separation schemes？(1)A vessel shall，so far as practicable，avoid crossing traffic lanes (2)If obliged to cross traffic lanes，she shall do so as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow．
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. Both(1) and (2)
D. Neither (1) nor (2)
28. The officer on duty looked down into the sea for inspection but no ______ of any floating object
was seen．
A. sign
B. remark
C. trace
D. acknowledgement
29. Several merchant ships are arriving at the scene of a distress incident. One of the them must
assume the duties of the Coordinator Surface Search (CSS). Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. CSS duties are always assumed by passenger vessels，dry cargo vessels，or tankers in that
order of precedence
B. The CSS must be established by mutual agreement between the ships concerned
C. A tank vessel should never be assigned CSS duties unless only tank vessels are present
D. The first vessel to arrive at the distress incident is designated as the CSS
30. Following a collision or accident，the Master of each vessel involved must render assistance to
persons affected by the collision or accident ______.
A. if he can do so without any risk to his vessel
B. if he can do so without undue delay
C. if he can do so without serious danger to his vessel or to individuals on board
D. without regard to any danger to his vessel
31. You are proceeding to a distress site and expect large numbers of people in the water. Which
statement is TRUE?
A. You should stop to windward of the survivors in the water and only use the ship's boats to
recover the survivors
B. If the survivors are in inflatable rafts you should approach from windward to create a lee for
the survivors
C. An inflatable life raft secured alongside can be an effective boarding station for transfer of
survivors from the boats
D. Survivors in the water should never be permitted alongside due to the possibility of injury
from the vessel
32. Your ship is dead in the water with the rudder amidships. As the right-handed screw starts to turn
ahead，the bow will tend to go ________.
A. to starbaord
B. to port
C. straight ahead
D. as influenced by the tide and sea
33. OWING TROPICAL STORM9706 CROSSING OUR/COURSE PLSPERMIT SHELTERING
KAGOSHIMA KAIWAN. This cable indicates that ______.
A. she requested shelter permission
B. she intended to berth at port of KAGOSHIMA
C. she intended to change her course
D. she was reporting to the port that a tropical storm is coming
34. the continuing boom in the transportation of oil and the increasing scale of oil pollution incidents
resulted in serious international concern for the marine environment, not only as a result of
accidents but also through______, such as the cleaning of cargo tanks.
A. routine tanker pollution
B. routine tanker operations
C.routine oil disposal
D. routine oil carriage
35. Which of the following is a natural calamities？
A. mutiny
B. barratry
C. blockade
D. sink
36. A synthetic mooring line is being heaved on a capstan．There is moderate strain on the line．The
line begins to slip．Which of the following should be done? ① Stop the capstan and take extra turns．② Have more than one seaman keep a substantial strain on the line and continue heaving
easy．
A. ① only
B. ② only
C. Both ① and ②
D. Neither ① nor ②
37. Your vessel is port side to a pier with a spring line led aft from the bow. In calm weather，putting
the engines ahead with the rudder hard left should bring _______.
A. the bow in and the stern out
B. both the bow and stern in
C. the bow out and the stern in
D. both the bow and stern out
38. You are using the anchor to steady the bow while maneuvering. You have the proper scope of
anchor cable when the ______.
A. bow is held in position with the engines coming slowly ahead
B. anchor is just touching the bottom
C. scope is not more than 5 times the depth of the water
D. cable enters the water at an angle between 60° and 85° from the horizontal
39. Prior to boarding from a vessel， a davit-launched life raft should be well ventilated of excess
______.
A. hydrocarbon gas
B. carbon monoxide gas
C. carbon dioxide gas
D. freon gas
40. Each vessel in ocean and coastwise service must have an approved EPIRB. An EPIRB ______.
A. must be stowed in a manner so that it will float free if the vessel sinks
B. must be stowed where it is readily accessible for testing and use
C. is a devise that transmits a radio signal
D. All of the above
41. Radiation spreads a fire by ______.
A. transferring heat across an unobstructed space
B. heated gases flowing through ventilation systems
C. burning liquids flowing into another space
D. transmitting the heat of a fire through the ship's metal
42. Making water rapidly in all holds，all passengers and crew were ordered on deck ______ and all
boats were lowered to rail．
A. in life jackets
B. with life jackets
C. with life jackets on
D. putting on life jackets
43. Your vessel is listing 4° to port and has a short rolling period. There is loose firefighting water in
the hull. The ship is trimmed down by the head with one foot of freeboard at the bow. Which
action should you take FIRST?
A. Press up the slack NO.1 starboard double bottom tank
B. Pump out the forepeak tank
C. Eliminate the water in the tween decks aft
D. Jettison stores out of the paint locker in the fo'c'sle
44. ______ the visibility to reduce to one mile by heavy rain，it ______ be impossible to rescue the
vessel in distress．
A. Was／would
B. Were／would
C. Is／will
D. Is／is to
45. Every state ,whether coastal or not,______ to sail ships under its flag on the high seas.
A. has no right
B. has the right
C. has partial right
D. has not any right
46. MOVING OF AN ANCHOR OVER THE SEA BOTTOM TO CONTROL THE MOVEMENT OF
THE VESSEL defines ______．
A. Dredging (of anchor)
B. Dragging (of anchor)
C. Weighing anchor
D. Walking out anchor
47. Safety of navigation is dealt with in chapter V of the SOLAS Convention which identifies certain
navigation safety services which should be provided by Contracting Governments and sets forth provisions of an operational nature applicable in general to all ships on all voyages. This is ______ the Convention as a whole, which only applies to certain classes of ship engaged on international voyages.
A. in contrast to
B. in compliance with
C. the essence of
D. representing
48. What does MBDD mean on the load waterline mark？
A. Timber tropical load waterline
B. Timber summer load waterline
C. Timber winter load waterline
D. Timber winter North Atlantic load waterline
49. All echo-sounders can measure the ______.
A. actual depth of water
B. actual depth of water below keel
C. average depth from waterline to hard bottom
D. average depth of water to soft bottom
50. When a vessel violates an oil pollution act，who may be held responsible？
A. Master only
B. Owners only
C. Licensed officer on watch
D. Any individual connected with the vessel
51. a vessel moored with two anchors, sometimes, at an exposed roadstead to______．
A. aid turning the ship
B. obtain a fine bearing
C. increase ship swings to wind or tide
D. lighten the stress of anchor chains
52. A twin screw vessel, making headway with both engines turning ahead, will turn more readily to
starboard if you ______.
A. reverse port engine, apply right rudder
B. reverse port engine, rudder amidships
C. reverse starboard engine, apply right rudder
D. reverse starboard engine, rudder amidships
53. A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall ________.
A. avoid anchoring in areas near the termination of the scheme
B. avoid crossing traffic lanes，but if obliged to do so，shall cross on as small an angle as is
practical
C. only anchor in the separation zone
D. use the separation zone for navigating through the scheme if she is hindering other traffic due
to her slower speed
54. According to the Rules，a vessel's length is her ________.
A. length between the perpendiculars
B. length along the waterline
C. length overall
D. registered length
55. At sea you sight two red lights．This would indicate ________．
A. A vessel engaged in laying cable．
B. A vessel not under command．
C. A vessel launching and recovering aircraft．
D. All of the above．
56. Concerning the identification signal for a pilot vessel，in fog，which statement is TRUE?
A. When at anchor，the pilot vessel is only required to sound anchor signals.
B. The identification signal must be sounded any time the pilot vessel is underway.
C. The pilot vessel may only sound the identity signal when making way.
D. All of the above
57. Five or more short blasts on a vessel's whistle indicates that she is ________.
A. in doubt that another vessel is taking sufficient action to avoid a collision
B. altering course to starboard
C. altering course to port
D. the stand-on vessel and will maintain course and speed
58. If a sailing vessel with the wind on the port side sees a sailing vessel to windward and cannot tell
whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or starboard side，she shall ________.
A. hold course and speed
B. sound the danger signal
C. keep out of the way of the other vessel
D. turn to port and come into the wind
59. In a narrow channel，a signal of intent which must be answered by the other vessel，is sounded by
a vessel ________.
A. meeting another head-on
B. crossing the course of another
C. overtaking another
D. Any of the above
60. In order for a stand-on vessel to take action in a situation，she must determine that the other vessel
________.
A. is restricted in her ability to maneuver
B. has sounded the danger signal
C. is not taking appropriate action
D. has not changed course since risk of collision was determined
61. The Navigation Rules state that a vessel shall be operated at a safe speed at all times so that she can
be stopped within ________.
A. the distance of visibility
B. 1/2 the distance of visibility
C. a distance appropriate to the existing circumstances and conditions
D. the distance that it would require for the propeller to go from full ahead to full astern
62. Traffic separation schemes established by the International Maritime Organization ________.
A. provide routing and scheduling procedures to reduce shipping delays
B. provide traffic patterns in congested areas，so that vessels can operate without having a
separate lookout
C. provide inbound and outbound lanes to promote the safe flow of vessel traffic
D. prohibit vessels carrying hazardous cargoes from entering waters that are environmentally
sensitive
63. You are underway in restricted visibility. You hear the fog signal of another vessel about22° on
your starboard bow. If danger of collision exists you must ________.
A. reduce your speed to bare steerageway
B. slow your engines and let the other vessel pass ahead of you
C. alter the course to starboard to pass around the other vessel's stern
D. alter course to port to pass the other vessel on its port side
64. Your 15-meter tug is underway and crossing a deep and narrow channel. A large container vessel is
off your port bow on a steady bearing. Which statement is TRUE concerning this situation?
A. You should maintain course and speed
B. The container vessel is the stand-on as it is the larger vessel
C. You are not to impede the safe passage of the container vessel in the channel
D. None of the above
65. The meaning of SLACKEN HER SPEED is ________．
A. increase ship's speed
B. slow down ship's speed
C. make up ship's speed
D. fix up ship's speed
66. Your vessel has anchored in a channel known to have strong tidal currents．To check your position
you take a round of bearings，one of which is a range in line．One hour later the bearing on the lights in range opens up．This indicates ________．① The ship is swinging．② The ship is dragging her anchor．
A. ① only
B. ② only
C. Either ① or ②
D. Neither ① nor ②
67. While underway，in fog，you hear a whistle signal of one prolonged blast followed by two short
blasts. This signal is sounded by a vessel ________.
A. not under command
B. being towed
C. on pilotage duty
D. aground
68. Which procedure(s) shall be used to determine risk of collision?
A. Watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel
B. Systematic observation of objects detected by radar
C. Long-range radar scanning
D. All of the above
二．关联题（每组关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）
第一组：
When SEA EMPRESS was two or three cables from the Channel entrance，the pilot saw from the changing aspect of the Outer Leading Lights that there was a set to the east. He ordered a course change of 5° to port. The vessel，which was now closing with the Mid Channel Rocks Light Buoy，started to turn to port. The pilot saw the Outer Leading Lights close and then open to the east as the bows entered the channel. The Buoy was very close to starboard and the pilot now saw that the fixed red and fixed white lights of the Outer Leading Lights，the ones indicating the east side of the deepest water in the Channel entrance，were also open to the east.
After the bows had passed the Middle Channel Rocks Light to starboard there was a shuddering vibration，then a sound from the deck below of liquid being forced under pressure，accompanied by a strong smell of oil. The helmsman reported that the vessel was not steering and the pilot ordered 'full astern'. The Chief Officer recorded this order and the vessel's position，which was 1.4 cables northwest of Middle Channel Rocks Light. SEA EMPRESS，which was trimming by the head and taking a starboard list，continued to run ahead as the main engine was on full astern. There were further main engine movements and the vessel finally lost all way after she grounded again in a position about 3.3 cables south-by-west of the Mill Bay Buoy. The main engine was put to 'stop'. SEA EMPRESS was by this time significantly trimmed by the head and had taken an 18° list to starboard with the starboard fore part of the deck awash and was heading in a northwesterly direction.
69. The course of SEA EMPRESS，when entering the Channel entrance，was most likely in a direction
of ______.
A. North
B. East
C. South
D. West
70. “The pilot saw the Outer Leading Lights close and then open to the east as the bows entered the
channel”. This indica tes that ______.
A. the front Leading Light appeared to move to the left of the rear Leading Light
B. the rear Leading Light appeared to move to the right of the front Leading Light
C. the front Leading Light appeared to move to the east of the rear Leading Light
D. the rear Leading Light appeared to move to the east of the front Leading Light
71. When SEA EMPRESS was grounded the second time，her smallest freeboard was on her ______.
A. port side before mid section
B. port side after mid section
C. starboard side before mid section
D. starboard side after mid section
72. A conclusion can be drawn from this passage that SEA EMPRESS was grounded at about ______
hours (LT).
A. 0200
B. 0900
C. 1900
D. 2200
第二组：
The Channel Navigation Information Service (CNIS) provides a radio safety service by scheduled broadcasts or on request, to individual vessels on passage through the Dover Strait. The area covered by the service extends from the Greenwich Light-house (50-24.5N, 0-00.0) to the latitude of Noord Hinder Light-buoy (52-00N, 2-51E) all vessels within the area should listen to the appropriate VHF broadcasts. Radar surveillance is provided by stations at Saint Margaret’s Bay (51-09N, 1-24E) and Cap Gris-Nez (50-52N, 1-35E) and covers some 110 miles of the Dover Strait with Cap Gris-Nez a few miles NE of the center point of the area. Vessels participating in the MAREP scheme are tracked by Radar as are those, which contravene the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions. The limits of area surveyed by radar are shown on the chart.
Broadcasts are made by Dover Strait Coastguard and Cap Gris-Nez (CROSSMA) and comprise navigational and traffic information of immediate interest together with the movements of vessels which appear to be acting in contravention of the rules governing the scheme. The latter may be identified by aircraft, helicopters or surface vessels and subsequently reported to Flag States.
Dover Coastguard also provide assistance to establish the position of vessels through a combination of Radar, DF and VHF, but caution must be exercised due to the inherent uncertainty in establishing the identity of any particular radar echo.
73. The CNIS service covers an area______.
A. from 50°24′.5N, 00°00′.0 to 52°00′N, 2°51′E
B. from 50°52′N, 1°35′E to 51°09′N
C. from 50°24′.5N, 00°00′.0 to 52°00′N
D. from 50°52′N, 1°35′E to 51°09′N, 1°24′E
74. ______may be identified by aircraft.
A. vessels participating in the MAREP scheme
B. vessels contravening the governing rules
C. any vessel whose position is established through combination of radar, DF and VHF
D. any vessel proceeding within the area covered by the Channel Navigation Information Service
75. Assistance to establish the position of vessels through a combination of radar, DF and VHF is
provided by .
A. Dover Coastguard
B. CROSSNA
C. Radar surveillance provided by stations at Saint Margaret’s Bay and Cap Gris-Nez
D. the Channel Navigation Information Service
76. A radio safety service to individual vessels on passage through the Dover Strait can be provided
by .
A. a radar surveillance station at Saint Margaret’s Bay
B. Dover Strait Coastguard
C.CROSSMA
D. The CNIS
三．中译英（共4题，请将答案写在答题纸上）
77．所有商船，不论其吨位如何，当进港、离港或在港界内运动、改变和移动泊位时，必须接受强制引航。
78．当船进港期间，船长或驾驶员应始终在驾驶台值班，并告知船舶的操纵特性以便引航员能更好的操控船舶。
79．所有抵港船舶，在到达第一分隔区浮筒5海里前，必须通过VHF72频道和港口当局联系以便获得靠泊计划。
80．在直升飞机接送引航员之前，船长应充分的和直升飞机交换信息，并制定出紧急停止操作时的程序和联系方法。
1.请保持低调：please keep a low profile. 【点评】牛人在做事情上毫不含糊，但是在做人上总是非常谦和。所以当你下次看到你的朋友为了一点点小事而沾沾自喜、自鸣得意的时候，你可以对ta脱口而出这句话。profile可作“姿态”之意，low profile就是“低姿态”；而high profile则是“高姿态、高调”的意思。 2.我要续杯：I would like a refill. 【点评】“续杯”在当代生活中很多场景都适用。你知道吗，麦当劳的咖啡是可以续杯的。
3.我腿麻了：I can't feel my legs. 【点评】一个姿势坐久了，腿就发麻，“麻”这个字还真难翻，但是我们另辟蹊径，翻译成“无法感知”就OK啦。如果手麻了，就是I can’t feel my hands.
4.我去哄哄她开心：I am going to distract her. 【点评】哄某人开心，就是转移ta的注意力，从一件不爽的事情转移到开心的事情，其本质就是“distract”，下次会用了吗？ 5.好评如潮：They are all well received. 【点评】这里千万别说成good comments are like tide…。还得懂得转化，如潮的好评并不是“像潮水一般”，而是“很好地被接收”，所以，…is well received就很好理解了不是？想学习更多英语知识，请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyy
6.我要梳理一下我的思路：I have to organize my thoughts. 【点评】当一个人大喜大悲不够理智的时候，思绪总是混乱的，要想恢复理智的状态，就要理理思路。或者，当你想“静静”的时候，也可以用上这句话。
培养学生运用英语做事的习惯 在的英语学习和英语教学工作中，我觉得要学好英语，必须要培养自主创造力，但要培养创造力首先就是要培养的思维能力。著名教育家苏霍姆林斯基曾经过说过：“真正的学校是一个积极思考的王国。”可见，有效地利用多种途径和方法来启发学生的思维，促进学生智慧的发展，是目前构成课堂教学技巧的重要组成部分。并且对于培养学生更好的运用英语的语言能力及表达能力，以便将来在生活中灵活的应用，通过学习和实践，我对启发式教学有了一定的认识和体会： 一、启发 启发式教学是指教师在教学过程中根据教学任务和学习的客观规律，从学生的实际出发，采用多种方式，以启发学生的思维为核心，调动学生的学习主动性和积极性，促使他们生动活泼的学习的一种指导思想。教学启发方法与技巧思想及实践中外教育史上是源远流长的。 在我国，孔子启发教育的涵义是：教导学生，不到他想弄明白而又弄不明白的时候，不去启示他的思路：不到他想说而又说不出来的时候，不去开导他的表述。 德国民主主义教育第斯多惠认为“教育就是引导”，要调动学生的主动性。这是启发性教学的首要原理，也是教学成功的基础和标志，“教师只有在起引导作用时，才能在教学过程中发展儿童的主动性。”他建议：教学要启发学生的智力，使他们能够“探求、考虑、判断、发现。”他的名言是：“不好的教师是传授真理，好的教师是教学生去发现真理。” 通过学习发现，优秀教师教学总是注重启发诱导学生，使之明事理。引导学生而不牵着学生走；鼓励学生而不强迫学生走；启发学生而不代替学生。师生融洽，学习愉快，又能独立思考，这就叫做善于自发诱导。 综上所述，可见启发式教学在英语教学中发挥着多么重要的作用。教师充分调动学生学习的积极性和主动性，遵循教学的客观规律，以高超精湛的技艺适时巧妙地启迪、诱导学生去学习，帮助他们学会动脑筋思考和语言表达，生动活泼、轻松愉快地获得发展。 二、启发教学的原则与要求
标志词巧解语法和改错 标志词 1. 逗号 在语法填空中，逗号隔开一个词；如果有提示词 , 提示词是 adj ，则填这个词的副词形式，大多加 ly ；如果提示词是 v, 则填写它的非谓语形式。 如果无提示词，则优先考虑 however ,therefore, 其次考虑 moreover ，otherwise 。 例： Luckily (luck), he escaped from the fire. Unfortunately (unfortunate) ， he fell off the bike. He earned a lot of money , however, he was addicted in the drug. 标志词 2. one of one of 之后若有形容词，一定要用最高级形式；若之后出现名词，则用复数形式；若既有名词又有形容词，则先填最高级，再填复数名词，最高级之前要加 the 例： The house is one of the cheapest (cheap) houses in the area. 标志词 3. when 与 while( 时间状语从句） when 之后一般要用过去式， while 之后一般要用过去进行时。 例： When I got home, my mother was cooking dinner. While my mother was cooking dinner, I entered the kitchen. 标志词 4. by 语法填空里，空格之后有“by” ” ，则空格里考虑填“be + 动词的过去分词”, 但是如果前面已经有了谓语动词，则空格里直接用“ 过去
做事先做人的英文谚语 导读：本文是关于做事先做人的英文谚语，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 1、言者无罪，闻者足戒。 The speaker is innocent, the hearer is admonished. 2、穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。 Poverty is good for itself, while attainment is good for the world. 3、批评别人要诚恳，听取意见要虚心。 Be sincere in criticizing others and modest in listening to their opinions. 4、力是压大的，胆是吓大的。 Force is strong, courage is frightening. 5、大路有草行人踩，心术不正旁人说。 The road is trampled by grass pedestrians and others say that their mind is not right. 6、君子动口，小人动手。 A gentleman talks and a villain acts. 7、小时偷针，大了偷金。 Stealing needles in an hour is bigger than stealing gold. 8、百闻不如一见，百见不如一干。
Seeing is better than hearing, doing is better than seeing. 9、打人两日忧，骂人三日羞。 Two days to worry about beating people, three days to shame cursing people. 10、君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 Gentlemen differ from each other, and villains differ from each other. 11、奔车之上无仲尼，覆舟之下无伯夷。 There is no Zhongni above the car and no Boyi below the boat. 12、过而不改，是谓过矣。 It's too late to change. 13、宁可玉碎，不能瓦全。 It's better to break a piece of jade than to finish it. 14、二人同心，其利断金。 The two of them are united, and their profits are cut off. 15、敬老得老，敬禾得宝。 Respect for old age, reverence for grains, reverence for treasure. 16、吃亏人常在，占便宜死得快。 Losers are always there and die quickly. 17、鸟惜羽毛虎惜皮，为人处世惜脸皮。
What are you trying to say?（你到底想说什么？） Don't be silly.（别胡闹了。） How strong are your glasses?（你近视多少度？） Just because.（没有别的原因。） It isn't the way I hoped it would be.（这不是我所盼望的。） You will never guess.（你永远猜不到。） No one could do anything about it.（众人对此束手无措。） I saw something deeply disturbing.（深感事情不妙。） Money is a good servant but a bad master.（要做金钱的主人，莫做金钱的奴隶。） I am not available.（我正忙着）Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.(脑中的知识比手中的金钱更重要） Never say die.it's a piece of cake.别泄气，那只是小菜一碟。 Don't worry.you'll get use to it soon.别担心，很快你就会习惯的。 I konw how you feel.我明白你的感受。 You win some.you lose some.胜败乃兵家常事。 Don't bury your head in the sand.不要逃避现实。 I didn't expect you to such a good job.我没想到你干得这么好。 You are coming alone well.你做得挺顺利。 She is well-build.她的身材真棒。You look neat and fresh.你看起来很清纯。 You have a beautiful personality.你的气质很好。 You flatter me immensely.你过奖啦。You should be slow to judge others.你不应该随意评论别人。 I hope you will excuse me if i make any mistake.如有任何错误，请你原谅It was most careless ofme.我太粗心了。 It was quite by accident.真是始料不及。 I wish i had all the time i'd ever wasted,so i could waste it all over again.我希望所有被我浪费的时间重新回来，让我再浪费一遍。 I like you the way you were.我喜欢你以前的样子。 You two go ahead to the movie without me,i don't want to be a third wheel.你们两个自己去看电影吧，我不想当电灯泡。 Do you have anyone in mind?你有心上人吗？ How long have you known her？你认识她多久了？ It was love at frist sight.一见钟情 I'd bettle hit the books.我要复习功课啦。 a piece of one's mind .直言不讳 He gave me a piece of mind,"Don't shift responsibility onto others."他责备道：“不要把责任推卸到别人身上。” a cat and dog life水火不容的生活The husband and his wife are always quarrelling,and they are leading a cat and dog life.这对夫妇老是吵架，相互之间水火不容。 a dog's life潦倒的生活 The man lived a dog's life.这个人生活潦倒。 A to Z从头至尾 I know that from A to Z. 我很了解这件事。 above somebody深奥 Well,this sort of talk is above me.我不懂你们在讲什么。 all ears 全神贯注地倾听着 When you tell Mary some gossip,she is all ears.跟Mary讲一些小道消息，她会听地仔仔细细。
英语听力的十大类标志词 1．级标志词 形容词、副词级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / …… 2．级标志词 only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / …… 3．因果项标志词 cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句/ …… 4．转则项关键词 despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~ （yet）~ / not only ~ but also ~ / …… 5．序数项标志词 所有的序数词（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / …… 6．时间项标志词 when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / …… 7．解释项标志词 or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / …… 8．目的项标志词
to / for / …… 9．总结项标志词 all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / …… 10．强调项标志词 副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / …… 动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ……
三年级英语三年级英语上册 Unit one 一. 26个英文子母以及读写
二. 新词预习 Hi [ha?]嗨；你好（表示问候） Hello[h??l?u] 喂，你好（用于打招呼或唤起注意） Morning [' m?rn??]早上，早晨；上午good morning 早上好Afternoon [?ɑ:ft??nu:n]下午 Good [ɡ?d] 好的 Good morning 上午好早上好good afternoon 下午好 goodbye 再见goodnight 晚安 Miss 美[m?s] 小姐，女士对应词Mr 先生首字母大写，用在姓之前例如Miss Li 李小姐
Class [klɑ:s]同学们 I /ai/ 我(第一人称单数主格) am 是（只和连用）I’m=I am 我是 自我介绍我是.... I am Miss Li我是李小姐 Hi, I am Liu Tao. 你好，我是刘涛 三. 易错题 1.你上午遇到李老师，你会说： A.Good morning, Miss Li B.Good morning. I’m Miss Li 2.上学路上和同学打招呼，你会说： A.Hi, Liu Tao B.Hello, I’m Liu Tao 3.A: B: Hi, David A.Hi, Yang Ling B.Hi, I’m Yang Ling 4.A. Hello, I’m Liu Tao B. A.Hello, I’m Tom
B.Hello, Tom 5. A , Mike B: Hello, Sam A.Hello B Good morning C Hi 6. A. Hello, Sam B. Hello, Sam A I B He C I’m 7. A. Hi, I Liu Tao. B. Hi, Tiu Tao A.am B. Is C are 8. A. Good B. Good afternoon, Tom A.morning B. Afternoon 9.连词成句，并写出其中的中文意思1）class, afternoon, good(, .) 2) I, Liu Tao, hello, am(, .)
能用英语做事情之目的教学方式 一、引言 英语课程标准是教师在基础教育阶段执行英语学科教学的纲领性文件。从新中国成立至今,我国基础教育英语课程改革已经进行了多次,最近一次从20XX年开始的基础教育课程改革算起,也已历经十余年。在此期间,各地中小学的英语教学取得了一定的成绩,但同时广大教师和学者对各种版本的英语课程标准的理解和解读争议不断,有时争议还十分激烈。依据笔者研读和观察发现,争议的焦点大多集中在英语课程的目的和方法这两方面,教育目的、教学[ 第一论文]目的、课程目的经常被混为一谈,英语教学存在目的不清、方法单一的现象,只提倡“做中学”。英语教师对语言本质的认识影响着语言教育模式,而执行和理解英语课程标准更是直接关系到如何实施课堂教学。目前针对基础教育阶段的英语课程标准主要有20XX年出版的《全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准(实验稿)》、20XX年出版的《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》和20XX年出版的《义务教育英语课程标准(20XX年版)》,为叙述方便,以上分别称为《课标》(20XX、20XX、20XX)。三个《课标》力图实现目的多元化、方法多样化,使学生掌握英语的基础知识和基本技能(“双基”),这是值得肯定的。本文通过对“目的”的界定和英语教育目的历史的回顾,对用语言做事的方法进行探讨,指出教育目的是课程标准规定的总目标,用英语做事情是课程目的,教学目的要聚焦语言本身。为实现语言“双基”的教学目的,教师要正确区分教育目的、课程目的和教学目的,深入研究能用英语做事情的本质特征。落实语言“双基”的教学在某种意义上也是用语言做事,是实现英语教学目的的有效途径。 二、教育目的、教学目的和课程目的 我们探讨外语教育首先要明确教育、教学和课程的基本含义和相互关系。广义的教育指以影响人的身心发展为直接目的的社会活动,狭义的教育指由专职人员和专门机构进行的学校教育。可以说,教育随社会的产生而产生,是作为个体的人与社会发展必不可少的手段,为一切社会所必需,又随社会的进步而发展;受社会政治、经济、文化等方面的制约,也对社会整体及其诸多方面产生影响;教育还受制于个体的身心发展规律;社会主义社会的教育是建设社会主义和促进个人全面发展强有力的工具。教学指学校工作中由教师的教和学生的学共同组成的活通过教;是学校的中心工作,是学校进行智育、德育、美育和体育的主要途径,动．学,学生在教师有目的、有计划和有组织的指导下,积极、主动地掌握系统的文化、科学、技术等各类知识和技能,发展智力和体力、独立学习和创造的能力,陶冶性情和审美情趣,形成良好的思想品德(辞海编辑委员会,1999:4176、4177)。教育本身就包括教学,而外语教育可以解释为与外语相关的一切社会和教学活动,其中始终渗透着中外文化价值观的学习和民族身份感的树立。在实践中,外语教育和外语教学经常被混用,因为这两个概念的内涵不同,就容易在教育目的和教学目的理解和解读方面出现误解和误读。关于课程和教学的概念,张传燧和纪国和
一般现在时标志词： every day, evry Sunday, often, always, usually, sometimes , on Sundays, on weekdays等等。 一般过去时标志词： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/night/month..., in 1989, just now, at the age of , one day, ago, long ago, once upon a time,（从前，很久 以前）then(那时), on that day（在那天）, 一般将来时标志词： soon, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow（后天），this evening/afternoon/year before long(不久以后），next year/month/week/summer，in the future, some day(将来的 某一天) ，in two weeks/days/years 现在进行时标志词： now. Look. Listen. these days ，at that time. at that moment. this time ，yesterday evening 过去进行时标志词： at that time. at that moment. this time yesterday evening等；或者与when, while, as引导 的过去时间状语连用。 现在完成时标志词： already（用于肯定句）, yet（用于否定，疑问句）, just, before, recently, still, lately, never, ever, never, twice, on several occasion, in the past few days/weeks/months/years, (up to)these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, up to present, so far, up to now, till now, since+时间 过去完成时标志词： by, by the time (of), by the end of + 过去时间； when. before. after…….+过去时间； up till then (直到时); up until last night(直 到昨晚）等； already, just, ever, yet 等。 过去将来时标志词: the following month (week…), the next time/ Friday/ term/ month
用英语写出的名言经典警句80句 英语名言警句1 1、Be honest rather clever. 诚实比聪明更要紧。 2、Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. 随遇而安。 3、Be just to all, but trust not all. 要公正对待所有的人，但不要轻信所有的人。 4、Believe not all that you see nor half what you hear. 眼见的不能全信，耳闻的也不能半信。 5、Be slow to promise and quick to perform. 不轻诺，诺必果。 6、Be swift to hear, slow to speak. 多听少说。 7、Better an empty purse than an empty head. 宁可钱袋瘪，不要脑袋空。 8、Better an open enemy than a false friend. 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 9、Better good neighbours near than relations far away. 远亲不如近邻。 10、Between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip. 功亏一篑。 11、Between two stools one falls to the ground. 脚踏两头要落空。 12、Beware beginnings. 慎始为上。 13、Big mouthfuls ofter choke. 贪多嚼不烂。 14、Bind the sack before it be full.
11. Mary is my best friend. We’re all from Henan, 1. _____ but now I live in Beijing when she lives in 2. _____ Guangzhou. We don’t look each other very often, 3. _____ but we’re keep in touch all the time. I often write 4. _____ to Mary and telling her about the things that 5. _____ are happened at my company, and she often 6. _____ writes to me about her work. We talk on phone 7. _____ once a week. Sometime I call her on her 8. _____ car phone, or we send e-mail to each other. 9. _____ We’re really luck. There are so many ways 10. ____ we can keep in touch with each other. 【答案解析】 1. all改为both。指Mary和作者两个人。 2. when改为and或while。因为两个分句没有主从关系。而是并列关系，或者有对比或对照的含义。 3. look改为see。因为此句意为“两个人不能经常见面(see)”。
期中前 必须会用单词： cat monkey dog duck panda bear pig rabbit bird mouse book bag pen pencil pencil-box ruler eraser sharpener glue marker nose eye face mouth head ear neck arm hand leg knee foot 必须会用的句子： 一、打招呼 Hello! Hi! Hello! I’m Kate. Hi! I’m Gao Wei. Hello! I’m Cat. Hi! I’m Monkey. 二、问姓名 Hello! I’m Li Y an, What’s your name? My name’s Peter. Hello! What’s your name? My name’s Duck. 三、再见 Goodbye! Bye! Bye-bye! 四、早上好 Good morning, Miss Liu! Good morning, boys and girls! Morning! Morning! Good morning, Bear! Good morning, Panda! 五、下午好 Good afternoon, boys and girls! Good afternoon, Mr Zhang! Good afternoon, Miss Liu. Good afternoon! Good afternoon, Rabbit! Good afternoon, Pig! 六、晚上好 Good evening! Good evening! Good evening, Dad! 七、晚安 Good night, Mum and Dad! Good night, Lisa! Good night, Bird! Good night, Mouse! 八、你是谁 Who are you? I’m Monkey! Goodbye! 九、让新朋友互相认识 Hi, Li Y an. This is Kate. Hello, Peter! This is Gao Wei. 十、新朋友打招呼 Glad to meet you. Glad to meet you, too. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 十一、介绍和欢迎新同学 Good morning, boys and girls! This is Lisa. Welcome! 十二、介绍自己的东西 Hi, Kate! This is my eraser. Hi, Peter, This is my sharpener. Hi, Li Y an! This is my glue. Look, Kate! This is my marker. 十三、夸别人的东西好
一、激发学生用英语做事情的兴趣小学英语教学的主要目标之一是培养学生的兴趣，教师应以兴趣为支点，以任务为目标，设计的活动应尽量活泼有趣。教师应根据学生的年龄特点、个性特点，让他们在玩中学、学中玩，这样有利于学生获得完成任务所需的知识能力、技能信息和文化理解。 如教学数字时，我为学生设计了跳绳、拍球、猜数量等游戏活动，让学生在游戏中复习巩固；在复习或操练单词时，运用游戏“Act and say”，将词汇按难易程度划分为几个关卡，比一比哪组能顺利通关。在这个活动中，既避免了枯燥地读单词，又能让学生在完成任务的过程中培养理解和表达能力，增强了学生的竞争意识，培养了团队合作精神。 二、在语言实践中培养学生的语言运用能力《英语课程标准》指出：“语言技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面以及这四种技能的综合运用能力。”因此，教师在教学中合理安排有效的听、说、读、写活动，可以有效地训练学生综合语言运用能力。 听，是分辨和理解话语的能力。听要有目的、有计划，那便是在任务中听。如听音画画。在学了身体器官名称后，可以让学生边听边画：Hello，I’m Tino.I have a big head.I have two eyes，a red eye，a blue eye…我们还可以根据内容的需要，灵活地进行听音示意、听音表演等活动。 说，是运用口语表达思想，输出信息的能力。对于英语起步阶段的小学生，教师要为他们提供丰富适当的说话活动，巧妙地创设情境，引导学生轻松自如地运用所学语言。如五年级在复习完有关姓名、年龄、职业、颜色、外貌、穿着等方面的句型后，为了把这些零散的知识串成一个知识链，创设了情境任务：Mrs. Newton 带儿子Ken到虎头游玩，贪玩的Ken不知去向，焦急的Mrs.Newton四处寻找，请你根据提示词帮牛顿夫人组织一段话，并询问路人。 写，是运用书面语言表达思想，输出信息的能力。如EEC第一册四单元中的句型“ This is my…”，可以让学生在卡纸上贴一张家庭照片，旁边用“This is my…”附上介绍。这样，学生们会乐此不疲地完成，并能在这样有趣简单的活动中体验成功。 三、在任务型活动中拓展学生的思维空间从平时课堂观察来看，在任务型教学活动中学生思维活跃，能勇于发表自己的见解，课堂参与积极性高，合作意识较强，口语表达能力佳。因此，从小学低年级到高年级，教学活动的设计应遵循从以模仿为主的唱、玩、演逐步转向能充分调动学生积极思维的任务型学习活动。例如操练句型“I want to…”时，我设计了男女生竞赛的活动，在小组讨论后比一比哪组能用此句型说更多的句子。学生们的积极性很高，不仅给予学生运用语言的空间和时间 ，还有效地激发了学生的思维。四年级学习“问路”后，让学生自编去公园、邮局等场景的对话，并尽可能创设真实的情境，从语练过渡到语用，使得语言真正地运用到生活中。 四、在形式多样的作业中感受学习的乐趣现在普遍布置作业的方式还是以机械性为主，如抄写单词、课文、翻译等，导致学生课后巩固知识不完全。所以，教师应布置既让学生愿意做，又能起到实效的作业，使课堂教学得到深化和补充，为学生提供较大的实践空间。如三年级的教学话题多以姓名、年龄、喜好等为主，要求学生课后作业制作英文胸卡，胸卡上的内容有中文名、英文名、年龄、电话号码、爱好或喜欢的动物 。这类实践作业能使学生把学到的知识应用到生活中，并感受到学以致用的乐趣。 总之，教师在设计教学活动时都应从语言使用的角度出发，促使学生用英语去做事，从而培养学生的语言运用能力，提高英语课堂教学效率。 如有侵权请联系告知删除，感谢你们的配合！
动词时态标志词 1.一般现在时 (1) always, usually, often, sometimes (2) every day, every morning, every Saturday, every time (3) in the morning, on Saturdays (4) once a week, three times a day, twice a year 2.一般过去时 (1) yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning (evening, afternoon) (2) last time, last Friday, last term, last month (3) 一段时间+ago (4) just now = a moment ago (5）in 1989 (6）at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time （7） in the past 3.现在进行时 （1）now. nowadays （2）these days at present （3）Look. Listen. 4.过去进行时 (1)at that time.at that moment.this time yesterday evening (2)以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语 5.一般将来时 (1) tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning (evening, afternoon) (2) next time, next Friday, next term, next month (3) in+一段时间 in + 一段时间 ' s + time (4) soon = right away = at once (5) by the end of + 将来时间 6.过去将来时 (1)the next time Friday term month (2)the following month (week…),
三年级上册词汇分类过关 姓名： 一、代词： I我you你your你的he他she她it它 this这that那the这；那；这些；那些 二、身体部位名称：body head 头hair头发ear耳朵nose鼻子mouth嘴巴hand手 foot脚feet脚（复数）leg腿eye眼睛 三、家庭成员：family grandpa爷爷grandma奶奶father爸爸mother妈妈 uncle叔叔aunt阿姨brother兄弟sister姐妹 boy男孩girl女孩man男人woman妇女lady女士baby婴儿 四、形容词： old老的young年轻的cute可爱的pretty漂亮的strong强壮的thin瘦的 五、玩具toy 1.cat猫bear熊rabbit兔子dog狗 2.kite风筝ball球 3.ship轮船plane飞机bus共公汽车car小汽车bike自行车boat小艇 六、文具、房间用品:room房间 1.pencil铅笔bag书包pen钢笔book书rubber橡皮ruler尺子 2.table桌子bed床desk书桌chair椅子box盒子 七、方位介词 on在...上面in在...里面under在...下面
三年级上册句型汇总 Name：招呼及交际用语： Hell! /Hi! 你好！ Good morning! 早上好！ Good afternoon! 下午好！ Good evening! 傍晚好！ Good night! 晚安！ Goodbye! / Bye! 再见！ ——How are you? 你好吗？ ——Fine. /OK. /I am fine. 好。/我很好。 ——Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。 ——Nice to meet you，too.也很高兴见到你。 Let’s be friends. 让我们成为朋友吧。 介绍自己(的物品)和他人(的物品)： ——What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？ ——I am Ben. /My name is Ben. 我是本。/我的名字是本。This is my friend/day/mum/brother. 这是我的朋友/爸爸/妈妈/哥哥(弟弟)。 I have a toy ship/ rabbit/ kite. 我有一艘玩具船/一只玩具兔子/一个风筝。 It’s Jiamin’s dog. 他是佳明的狗。
木洛落 木景若 伊子璇 伊简暄 英语应聘形容自己的词语 Mature，dynamic and honest．思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。 Excellent ability of systematical management．有极强的系统管理能力。 Ability to work independent1y，mature and resourcefu1．能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。 A person with ability plus flexibility should app1y.需要有能力及适应力强的人。 A stable personality and high sense of responsibility are desirable.个性稳重、具高度责任感。 Work well with a multi-cultural and diverse work force.能够在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色地工作。 Bright，aggressive applicants.反应快、有进取心的应聘者。 Ambitious attitude essential．有雄心壮志。 Initiative，independent and good communication skill．积极主动、独立工作能力强，并有良好的交际技能。 Willing to work under pressure with leardership quality．愿意在压力下工作，并具领导素质。 Willing to assume responsibilities.应聘者须勇于挑重担。 Mature，self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills.思想成熟、上进心强，并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。 Energetic，fashion-minded person.精力旺盛、思想新潮。 With a pleasant mature attitude.开朗成熟。 Strong determination to succeed．有获得成功的坚定决心。
英语时态结构，标志词总结 ⑴、一般现在时 结构：主＋bｅ（am/ｉs／ａre)+其他/ 主+实义动词+其他/ 主+情态动词+动原＋其他?标志词：oｆten,always,usｕalｌｙ, soｍeｔimｅｓ,ｅｖｅrｙweeｋ(day／ｙear/ｍoｎth…)，ｏｎce a weｅk, on Sundays,on ｗｅekda ｙs,from timeｔo tiｍe ⑵、一般将来时?结构:主+ｗｉlｌ/ｓhａll+其他/主+ｂeｇｏiｎg to +其他/主 +be+动-inｇ+其他… 标志词:tｏｍoｒrow，in tｈe ｆｕｔuｒｅ, nｅxｔwｅｅｋ, ｎext Sunｄａｙ,ｔhe day after tomｏrrow，in+ 一段时间,ｓoon，fｒom now oｎ?⑶、一般过去时 结构：主+ｂe(ｗas／werｅ)+其他/ 主+动词过去式+其他/ 标志词：一段时间+agｏ,ｙestｅrdａy,in 1９4５,at tｈat time,once,dｕrin ｇthe war，befoｒｅ,in the ｐast ，tｈe dａy ｂｅfore yｅsteｒｄay, ｌast week（ｙeａr／ｎigｈｔ/ month…), just ｎｏｗ,at ｔhe agｅoｆ５，ｏne dａy,long lｏnｇaｇo,oｎce uponａｔimｅ，this ｍo ｒｎing，a ｍomｅnt ago ⑷、现在完成时?结构:主+ｈaｖｅ／has+动词过去分词+其他 标志词：ever, nevｅr, sｉnce，ａlｒeady, yet,ｊuｓt, ｂefｏre，tｗice, once，tｈree times, at tｈe mｏmeｎt, aｔpresｅnt/for+时间段；sｉnｃe+时间点／常见的副词：lately，ｒeceｎtly,uｐｔo ｎoｗ，ｔｉll noｗ,so fａr，ｔhese dａyｓ,in the pａst ｆeｗyｅarｓ(months/wｅeｋｓ／ｄａys)?⑸、现在进行时?结构:主+bｅ(am/is/arｅ）＋动词现在分词+其他?标志词：ｎｏw,at ｔhｅmoｍent !ａt this tｉｍe ,ｔheｓe days,Loｏk!Ｌisteｎ! ⑹、过去进行时 结构:主+bｅ(was/ wｅre)+动词现在分词+其他?标志词:ａｔthat momenｔ, at ｔhｉs tｉｍe of yestｅrｄaｙ，aｔeｉght lａsｔnigｈt，ａｔ8:00ａm ye ｓteｒdａy,ａt ｔｈis timｅlast night ,aｔtｈaｔtime ?⑺、过去完成时 结构:主+had+动词过去分词+其他 标志词：ｂy tｈe end of laｓt yｅａr(term, ｍｏｎtｈ…)，过去完成时常用在tｏld，said，knew,ｈeａrｄ等词后的宾语从句或间接引语中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。?⑻、过去将来时?结构：主+would／shou ｌｄ+其他／主+wａs/were ｇｏｉng to +其他?标志词：the next ｄaｙ/morni ｎg／yeaｒ,thｅｆolloｗinｇyｅaｒ／ｗeeｋ/montｈ?英语部分语法顺口溜 ⑴、名词: 记住f(ｅ)结尾的名词复数:(把ｆ（e)变成v在加es)?妻子（wｉfe)持刀（knｉfe)去宰狼(ｗolｆ),小偷（thｉｅｆ）吓得发了慌；?躲在架(ｓhｅlｆ)后保己(ｓeｌ