Grammar The Attributive Clause
一. Function （功能）在复合句中起形容词作用，做定语
二. Terms（术语）先行词---被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词
关联词---用来引导定语从句的词叫做关联词，在意义上等同于先行词
三. 关联词
四.关联词的基本用法
A. pronoun (关系代词的用法) （按照关系代词在从句中的句子成分复习）
1.subject (关系代词在从句中做主语) ***关系代词不可省略
The number of people _____lost homes in the earthquake reached as many as 250,000.
The sound sounded like a train ______was going under my house.
Those _____want to go must meet at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning
I was the only person ____was sent abroad to study.
2. object (关系代词在从句中做宾语) ***关系代词可省略
Where is the man ______I saw this morning?
The purpose of the meeting is to work out the problems _____we met in the work.
The man _______I spoke to just now is our new teacher.
I will do everything ___I can to help you.
The finger ___I put into my mouth wasn?t the one __I had dipped into the cup.
3. predicative(关系代词在从句中做表语)指人指物都用that
He has changed. He is not the man ______he was before.
I am not the young man _____I used to be.
China today isn?t the country _____she was 20 years ago.
4 attribute(关系代词在从句中做定语) ***关系代词不可省略
Wang Hua is the student _____handwriting is the best in the class.
Do you know the boy______father is a doctor? He lived in the room _____windows were broken.
I bought a book _____writer is a peasant. We had a meeting ____purpose was completely unclear.
This is the old man in ____house I lived when the war broke out.
Exercises:
1. Anyone _______breaks the rules must be punished.
2. My sister doesn?t like the man ____she work with
3. She told me all ____had happened to her.
4. Millions of men died and were buried under the wall ______ they built.
5. The family, ____lived upstairs, like music very much.
6. The desk ____leg is broken is mine.
7. Do you know the man ____we shook hands with at the school gate?
8. The policemen are looking for a stolen car, ____ colour is black.
9. She is a nurse, _____work is to take care of the patient.
10. Do you know the man ____ shook hands with us at the school gate?
B. adverb( 关系副词的用法)
1. when 在从句中做状语，表示时间，修饰表示时间的先行词=介词+which
He often thinks of his childhood ____he worked for the landlord. That was the year _____ he joined the army.
The days ____we used “foreign oil” are gone. I still remember the day ______he was killed.
I still remember the days ______we lived in the mountains./I stayed in hospital.
Notes: 如果先行词在定语从句中不做时间状语，即使先行词表示时间，定语从句也不用when 来引导
1) I still remember the years _____we worked together.
_____we spent together.
2) The day ______we played together isn?t easily forgotten.
_____we are looking forward to has come at last.
3) I?ll never forget the year ______the war broke out.
_____ followed.
4) The day _____we went on holiday is National Day.
_____we still remember
5) We must remember the time _______we met each other.
_____we wasted in the past.
6) I?ll never forget the days ______we spent together.
_____ we spent our holidays together.
2.where 在从句中做状语，表示地点，修饰表示地点的先行词=介词+which
I know the farm _____he lives. This is the factory _____my father works.
Is there shop around _____I can get any fruit ? This is the bridge ____he died at his post.
Note: 如果先行词在定语从句中不做地点状语，即使先行词表示地点，定语从句也不用where来引导This is the school _____I studied 20 years ago.
_____we built 20 years ago.
_______trains teachers.
He went to the shop ______he could buy some gifts.
_______wasn?t far.
________he could choose some fruit from.
_________sold some fruit.
_________he likes best.
That is the factory ______we visited last week.
______we visited some modern equipment last week.
______makes TV sets.
_____TV parts are made.
3. why 在从句中做状语，表示原因，修饰先行词reason, cause, explanation. why =介词for +which
The reason _____he came late was that he didn?t catch the bus.
I?d like to know the reason ____you changed your plan.
This is the explanation _____he put off the journey.
That is the reason _____she failed.
Note: 如果先行词在定语从句中不做原因状语，即使先行词是reason, cause, explanation，定语从句也不用why This is the reason _____he didn?t come.
_______that explained his absence.
_______he gave me.
五．关联词的使用区别
1. that & who
1）主句是who 引导的疑问句，定语从句用that 引导不用who 避免重复
Who is the person ____is standing at the gate?
2）先行词是those (指人) the one, anyone , anybody, few定语从句用who 引导
Those ____ want to go to the Great Wall must be here by 8 tomorrow morning.
Anyone ____wants to go to the Great Wall must be here by 8 tomorrow morning.
3）在非限制性定语从句中，指人定语从句用who 引导
My brother, ____now lives in Shanghai , is a teacher.
4）先行词指集体名词中的成员，定语从句用who 引导
The family, ______lived on the second floor, are football fans.
The family, ______was a large one, was broken up by the war.
5）关系代词在定语从句做表语，指人（指物）定语从句用that 引导He isn?t the boy _____he was before.
2. that & which
1)下列词做先行词，all, anything, nothing, everything, little, few, much, none (something 除外)定语从句用that 引
导The book contains little ____ is useful. There is nothing ____is too difficult for me .
2)下列词做先行词的定语，any，the only, all ,every ,no, much, few, little, the very, 以及序数词和最高级，定语从
句用that 引导
The boy gave his parents the little money ___he had earned.
The last place ___we visited in Beijing was the Summer Palace.
They went to the library to look up any information ___he needed.
3)先行词分别指人又指物时，定语从句用that 引导
I …d like to visit the scientist and his laboratary ______are well-known to us .
They talked about the persons and the things ____they remembered at school.
4)主句是which 引导的疑问句，定语从句用that引导不用which ,避免重复
Which is the book ______you need?
5)在非限制性定语从句中，指物时定语从句用which引导
There is no difficulty ____I can not overcome, ____doubles my spirits.
6) 关系代词在从句中做介词宾语并且介词提前，定语从句用which引导
The film about ____they talked so much was directed by Zhang Yimou.
3 whose & of whom , of which
( 1). 如果定语从句和先行词表示所属关系，
在限制性定语从句中用whose 句型为先行词+whose+名词+定语从句
I like the book whose cover is blue. He lives in the house whose window faces to the south.
We went to see the old lady whose husband died in the Liberation War.
在非限制性定语从句中用whose 或of whom ，of which 均可句型为
1) 先行词, +whose+名词+定语从句
2) 先行词，+of whom / of which+the+名词
=先行词，+the名词+of whom/ of which
She is a nurse, whose work is to look after the patients.
, of whom the work is to look after the patients.
, the work of whom is to look after the patients.
The police are looking for a stolen car, whose colour is black.
, the color of which is black.
,of which the color is black.
(2.) 如果定语从句和先行词表示整体和部分关系，只能用of whom /of which 句型为
先行词，+of whom/of which+the+名词/ 代词/数词
=先行词，+ the名词/代词/数词+of whom/of which
He has three sons, two of whom / all of whom are students.
Yesterday he bought some books, one of which is In English.
China has thousands of islands, of which the largest is Taiwan.
There are 60 students in our class, of whom 34 are boys.
Note: 要注意标点符号的变化和连词的存在
They made a lot of machines, _______were sent abroad.
They made a lot of machines, and _______were sent abroad.
They made a lot of machines; _______were sent abroad.
They made a lot of machines, _______ sent abroad.
A. most of whom
B. most of which
C. most of them
China has a large population, ______are peasants.
China has a large population and ______are peasants.
China has a large population; ______are peasants.
China has a large population, ______ peasants.
A. 80 % of it
B. 80%of which
C. 80% of it
D. 80 % of them
The company need a lot of skilled and experienced workers, ______women.
A. all of them
B. all of whom
C. all of which
D. all of it
4. the same…as , the same …that & the same…where
the same …as 指和先行词同类事物中任意一个（同类）
the same…that 指先行词那一个事物（同一个）
the same …where . where在从句中做状语，the same起强调作用
1).This is the same book ______you lent me yesterday . Now I will give it back to you.
2). I am sorry to have lost the same book _____you lent me yesterday. Now I have the same book___it is. Can
you accept it?
3). He went back to the same bridge_______he lost his wallet.
I think he has got to the same point____he needs some changes.
He lived in the same room ____he was born for 20 years.
5. such …as & such…that
such …as 是定语从句，as 在从句中要充当成分（主语，宾语，表语）属于固定结构
such…that 是结果状语从句，that在从句中不充当成分，属于固定结构
Don?t read such books _______you can?t understand.
I don?t like such a person _____often drinks too much.
He …ll repeat such points ____are talked about just now.
Let?s talk such topics ____concern every one of us.
He isn?t such a fool _______he looks.
He left in such a hurry_____he forgot to lock the door.
The teacher set us such a problem ____nobody could work out.
The teacher set us such a problem ____nobody could work it out.
He is such a man ______nobody likes to work with him.
He is such a man ______nobody likes to work with .
6. one of the boys & the one of the boys
one of the boys的先行词是the boys，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数
the one of the boys 的先行词是the one ，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数
He is one of the boys who _______the answer.
He is the one of the boys who _______the answer.
7. as & which
两者都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句
We should pay more attention to education, which is a mirror of a country.
They won, which meant they would be able to take on the project.
She is very careful, as her work shows.
Taiwan is a part of China, as we all know.=As we all know, Taiwan is a part of China.
He married her, which surprised us all.
Mary came late again, which made the teacher angry.
They told us that blacks and whites are equal now, which nobody believes.
1）关系词指代内容：as 指代整个主句（所表示的意义），
which 的先行词可以是整个主句（所表示的意义），还可以是主句中的名词或短语2）关系词位置：as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，句中，也可以放在主句之后；
which 只能放在主句之后
3）主从句动作发生的时间：as引导的定语从句和主句不强调（或表示）时间的先后；
which 引导的定语从句表示主句动作在先，从句动作在后4）翻译上: as放在句首译成“正如”，放在句后译成“这一点”
which只能放在句后，译成“这一点”
They made a lot of machines, _______were sent abroad.
____ is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.
He was very rude to the Customs officer, _____ of course made things even worse.
To shut your eyes to the fact, ______many do , is foolish .
He won the 100-meter race, ____we expected.
8.介词+which
He built a telescope ________he could study the skies.
The fox ______the chick was killed was shot in the end by a hunter.
He works in a factory, ___________there is a small woods.
They made a plan at the meeting, ______I fell asleep.
The bike, _______he came to school this morning, was stolen.
He was generous with his time, ____ which I was grateful.
There was no one on the street, ______ whom he could turn to for help.
It was in 1952 and Mandela was a black lawyer ,_____whom I went for advice.
六特殊的定语从句
I. the way/manner 做先行词定语从句用in which, that 引导, 或者关联词省略
The way _____/_____/______you answered the questions was right.
Charles left France because he hated the way _____/_____/____the French nobles treated the peasants.
II.介词+which+名词+定语从句
He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.
We?ll move into our new house next week, by which time it will be ready.
They believe the spirit will stay with the body for 3 days, during which time they will ask an elder to look after the body.
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解 定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句需要掌握以下几个方面： 一、定义 定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 二、定语从句的结构 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which , that, as 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 一）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：Is he the m an who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中做宾语） （2） whose用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因 为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:
? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如： ? A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside? 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构，所以常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用。例如： There are occasionswhen (on which )one must yield? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere in which ) I was born?北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why ( for which )he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗？ (2)that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
英语定语从句简单总结 英语定语从句简单总结怎么写？相信很多人都想知道吧？以下是小编为您整理的英语定语从句简单总结相关资料，欢迎阅读！ 英语定语从句简单总结 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose(一般指人), that（指人或物）, which(指物)等。 关系副词有： when（时间）, where(地点), why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ① who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗（who / that在从句中作主语） He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ② whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose/of which cover（封面）is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③ which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： Rosa likes music that/which is quite and gentle.（which / that在句中作宾语）This is the book (that/which) I'm looking for.（which / that在句中作look for 的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ① when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如： Do you remember the day when I saw you(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ② that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，
Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解 基本概念: 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is th^ouse where h e lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who （宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系畐寸词包括where, when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语 从句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性 定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 （that作宾语） 2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarkets 于火车站附近的那
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、where（地点状语） 可以修饰人的关系代词：that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词：that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. （= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be.） ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
定语从句用法总结 一.定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。 二.分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 eg: is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句） ] 注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。 三.构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, ( 引导词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other 四．基本原则 定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。) 五．定语从句中常见考点：
Unit 9 语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解 一、基本概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is thehouse where h e lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有： that, who, whom, whose, which， as 关系副词有： when, where, why. 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that，which，who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where，when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从 句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定 语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍 完整。 四、关系代词的用法 关系代词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人，也指物主语、宾语 which指物（相当于 that）主语、宾语 who指人（相当于 that）主语 whom指人宾语 whose既指人，也指物定语 1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语 时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛.丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（ that 作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue我.放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语）
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
学考英语学习资料之语法专项补充 -定语从句? 第?部分：基础知识学习（PPT） 第?部分：学习效果检测 1. The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film. 2. It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. It was 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. 3. Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born? 4. Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born? 5. In the dark street, the re wasn’t a single person ___ she could turn for help. 6. The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim′s gold watch and Della′s hair. 7. Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late. 8. Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain. 9. We need the same machine ______ is being used in your factory. 10．______ the people, not things ______ are most important. 11.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won. 12.This is the only book ______ I want to read. 13.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ I missed the bus. 14.The problem ______ you thought about has been completely settled. 15.Is this the tape-recorder ______you wish to have repaired? 第三部分易错点剖析 误区1：在从句中误加与关系代词同义的?称代词。 —This is the book that I have read _____ dozens of times.
定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
定语从句用法归纳 篇一：定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在