Model Test Five
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the necessity of reducing waste on campus. You should write at Least 120 words but no more than180 words.
Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you wilt hear 8 short conversations and 2 Long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single Line through the centre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1、
A．She copied another course guide.
B．She decided to skip class.
C．She went to the library instead.
D．She shared a friend's course guide.
2、
A．He forgot his office number.
B．He went to the language laboratory.
C．He doesn't want to work.
D．He needs to think about it.
3、
A．Start writing at once.
B．Ask for his friend's suggestions.
C．Come up with another idea.
D．Get the professor's approval.
4、
A．He has been on vacation the whole month.
B．He finds the work as hard as ever.
C．He has benefited from the woman's help.
D．He's thinking of working for the woman.
5、
A．She will watch the movie later.
B．Her watch is broken.
C．Her television set isn't working.
D．She will watch TV while she eats.
6、
A．She has done half of it already.
B．She agrees that it is very long.
C．They have all semester to do it.
D．There's nothing wrong with it.
7、
A．The man couldn't attend the festival.
B．The man would pick her up earlier.
C．The festival would be celebrated for seven days.
D．There would be thirty people attending the festival.
8、
A．He thinks children can be satisfied easily.
B．He thinks the publishers shouldn't produce so many junk books. C．He thinks we are short of good children's books.
D．He thinks children have no taste at all.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9、
A．She was invited only for the weekend.
B．The weather was too hot.
C．She had an appointment.
D．She had schoolwork to do.
10、
A．She had to go home.
B．She was too tired to continue.
C．She had to finish her schoolwork.
D．She was thirsty.
11、
A．The water was too cold.
B．The water was too deep.
C．She doesn't know how to swim.
D．She didn't have enough time.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12、
A．Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed.
B．How snowflakes are formed.
C．What causes a snowstorm.
D．Where the largest snowflakes can be found.
13、
A．She has never seen snow before.
B．She is conducting a research on snow.
C．She wants to make artificial snow.
D．She has just read about snowflakes.
14、
A．The shape of the dust particles in the air.
B．The relative humidity.
C．The temperature of the air.
D．The geography of the area.
15、
A．Inspect snowflakes more carefully.
B．Make a copy of the article.
C．Write down more information.
D．Draw diagrams of the different shapes.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single Line through the centre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B．To interest students in a community service project.
C．To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D．To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program.
17、
A．He advises students participating in a special program.
B．He teaches part-time in an elementary school.
C．He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
D．He helps students prepare their resumes.
18、
A．Contact the elementary school.
B．Sign up for a special class.
C．Submit a resume to the dean.
D．Talk to Professor Howard.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19、
A．The use of oversized freight containers.
B．Safety problems with railroad tracks.
C．The growth of the automotive industry.
D．The high cost of meeting environmental regulations.
20、
A．To make the railway operation safer.
B．To offer passengers more comfortable journeys.
C．To meet the demand of shipping larger loads.
D．To connect the railway network with the highways.
21、
A．It contributes less to air pollution than truck industry.
B．Its competitors are inconsiderate of customers.
C．It preserves a traditional way of doing business.
D．It creates personal fortunes for investors.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22、
A．They took objective tests.
B．They specialized in one subject.
C．They spoke instead of writing.
D．They were timed by electric clocks.
23、
A．Modem industry must have developed before the Middle Ages.
B．Modem industry must have developed around the 19th century.
C．Modem industry must have developed in Greece or Rome.
D．Modern industry must have developed machines to take tests.
24、
A．Objective tests.
B．Spoken tests.
C．Personal tests.
D．Subjective tests.
25、
A．The features of the exams in the Middle Ages.
B．How to perform well in both spoken and written exams,
C．How did the forms of exams evolve.
D．The different exams designed for people of different ages.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second
time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
The northern Italian city of Milan banned all traffic from its streets for 10 hours on Sunday in an attempt to reduce smog.
The measure which was first _________26 on a trial basis in the year 2007 is triggered whenever pollution exceeds the statutory limit for 12 consecutive days.
Satellite _________27 shows Milan to be one of the most polluted cities in Europe. An _________ 28 120,000 vehicles will be affected by the move. according to the major daily newspaper in the city.
The most polluting vehicles have been banned fi'om driving through, the city center since Thursday. But on Sunday, there __________29 be no traffic between 8:00 and 18:00.
The ban is imposed when pollution exceeds 5030 of particulates per cubic meter of air over 12 days.The last time the full ban was in force was in February.
The move is not popular with all__________31 who argue that the city's public transport system should beimproved to _________32 their cars. Local Green Party councilor Enrico Fedrighini said cars with three or four people inside should be offered 33_________ , for example. "One or two car-free Sundays each month will not do anythingto 34 _________ the smog crisis," he told the daily newspaper in the city.
Public transport was to be bolstered during the day, with an extra metro trains and buses 35_________
Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an 36 accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were 37 by piano improvisations(即兴创作) on popular tunes. At first, the music played 38 no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was 39 . Within a very short time, however, the incongruity (不协调) of playing lively music to a 40 film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in 41 their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain 42，and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program 43 entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal 44 for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since
the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown, the musical arrangement was 45 improvised in the greatest hurry.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding Letter on Answer Sheet 2.
It Ain't Easy Being Green
Green stories of hotels
A) Over the summer, I stayed at four hotels in the United States. They were all owned by different companies, but they had one thing in common: A little card on the bathroom counter telling me that the establishment was very concerned about the environment, and appealing to me to do my part to help them save the earth by hanging up my wet towels and using them again the next day. Two of the hotels also placed a card next to the bed informing me that housekeeping would not change the sheets unless I left the card on the pillow.
B) It is true that keeping all those towels clean requires an enormous amount of electricity and water and soap, and that cutting down on the number of loads of laundry would be more eco-friendly than my insisting on a new towel each day. But am I a heartless cynic for doubting that a collective environmental anxiety has seized the hotel industry?
C) Here is an alternative explanation: All that water, soap, and electricity costs a lot of money and eats into the hotel's profits. A little card on the counter telling customers that they won't get new towels because the hotel doesn't want to pay for 'laundry wouldn't go over very well. But by couching it as a green campaign, the hotels actually get credit for providing less service to their customers, while pocketing the difference.
D) Industry groups that advise hotels on becoming more environmentally friendly tend to stress the money they'll save just as much as the benefits to the planet. "Why should hotels be green?" asks the Green Hotels Association's Web site. "Haven't you heard? Being green goes directly to your bottom line." The site explains that by getting guests to recycle towels and sheets, hotels can save 5 percent on utility bills. "Some days, housekeeping workers, who usually clean 15 rooms a day, don't change a single bed," said one satisfied hotel owner, who estimates that "70 percent of people staying more than one night participate in the program." Another member reports that far fewer guests ask for new towels.
E) So let's review: We give .up a nice luxury to save the hotel money; the hotel congratulates itself on being green for peer pressuring us into giving up the luxury under the excuse
of environmental consciousness; the hotel keeps the money. Nice work. After all, even if profit is the motive, the net result is a reduction in the hotel's "carbon footprint". But here's what gets me: the hotels I stayed in this sunmer didn't seem all that interested in being green when it came to other things. The lobby of the big resort was air conditioned to meat locker temperatures. All day long, that frosty air rushed out the vast double doors, which were left open in the July heat. The resort also had a fleet of big, gas guzzling(耗油)vans idling at the curb to transport guests around the grounds.
Green stories of companies
F) Hotels are not the only offenders in this kind of green fakery. Some companies have embraced conservation for real. They build headquarters with solar panels and rainwater collection systems; they think of the environmental impact of every aspect of their businesses and actually change the way they do things to reduce waste. But this is labor intensive, often expensive, and takes commitment. Faced with that, many corporations take a different approach: They don't do much of anything to change the way they do business, but make a big show of their contribution to Mother Earth.
G) It's usually easy to spot these companies: They make their customers do the work, and then take the credit. In the name of saving the planet,. my cable TV operator keeps asking for permission to stop sending paper statements in the mail each month. Instead, fm supposed to check my statement online.The real reason, of course, is that doing so would save them paper, printing and postage. This is a perfectly reasonable reason for them to want me to switch. But when they pretend that it's all about the environment, it just makes me hate my cable company even more than I already do.
Green stories of ad campaigns
H) Sometimes a good ad campaign does a better job of enhancing a company's green reputation than going through the expense and difficulty of adopting actual environmentally sound practices. Billboards in Washington appeal to me to join the cause. "I will unplug stuff more," reads one. Another says, "I will at least consider buying a hybrid(合成物).”These ads are the work of Chevron, the giant oil company, whose "Will You Join Us?" ads try to convince people that saving the planet is at the top of their fist. You might think that if Chevron was really worried about problems like global warming, they would spend some of those dollars lobbying Congress to adopt stricter gas mileage(英里数) requirements for automobiles. They do not do this. Instead, fm apparently supposed to praise them as environmental heroes because they tell me to unplug my toaster and think about getting a Toyota Prius
I)Yet ad campaigns like these work. Chevron lands at No. 371 out of 500 companies on Newsweek's green ranlangs. But it claims the No. 62 spot when it comes to green reputation thanks in part to those pretty, polished ads. Green marketing has also helped Wal-Mart appear kinder and gentler in recent years. To be fair, the retailing giant has done more than redesign its logo. The company, which ranks 59th on Newsweek's list, has embraced a series of in-house green initiatives and is demanding its suppliers do the same. The result: Wal-Mart scores first place in our reputation survey:
J) Given the power of positive marketing, it's easy to see why those little towel cards are so popular-enough so that there are now a lot of companies that market them to hotels, along with all manner of products intended to make customers feel good about themselves while helping the hotels feel good about their bank balances. I suppose it is time that I step up and do my part. On
behalf of the planet I will dutifully sleep on day-old sheets. But please, for the love of all that is good and right, keep the towels coming.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. Industry groups tend to emphasize the money hotels can save along with the benefits to the environment when they persuade hotels into being eco-friendly.
47. Some companies take the real actions to embrace conservation, while others are just green fakeries
48. Cutting down the number of loads of laundry can save a large amount of electricity and water for the hotels
49. One way to spot. the green fakery is to see whether the company makes its customers do the work, and then takes the credit itself.
50. Ad campaigns help companies like Chevron raise their ranks of green reputation.
51. In America, it is common for hotels to appeal to customers to recycle towels.
52. It is estimated that seventy percent of the hotel guests are willing to participate in the green program launched by the hotels.
53. As for enhancing a company's green reputation, it is more effective to set up an ad campaign with eco-friendly slogans than to take up actual green programs.
54. The hotels' purpose of not changing the towel is to get credit for providing less service to their customers.
55. Hotels shows indifference to be green in some aspects like air conditioning in the hotel lobby.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding Letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single Line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan appealed Friday for a new generation of extraordinary teachers, calling education the civil rights cause of our time. Duncan told about 100 prospective(未来的)teachers at the University of Virginia that veterans, retirees and professionals seeking a second career must pay attention to the call to teach. He said the need is especially acute for black men in the nation's classroom.
The Virginia address is the first of several Duncan will make in October to press for bright candidates to enter teaching. He'll host a virtual town meeting with teachers from around the nation on Oct. 20, then deliver a major address on teacher preparation two days later in New York City.
Duncan stressed the importance of teaching as the U.S. competes with an increasingly educated global work force, saying strong education is needed to reduce dropout rates among African-American, Latino and low-income students. "I believe that education is the civil rights issue of our generation," Duncan said. "If you care about promoting opportunity and reducing inequality and social injustice, the classroom is the place to start."
Duncan noted that the next four years alone could see one-third of the
nation's teachers and administrators leave. The departure of veteran educators will create huge demand for new teachers- 200,000 annually in good economic times, he said.
Duncan stressed that the demand for teachers is greatest among "high-poverty, high-needs" and rural schools, as well as in subjects such as math and science: "It is especially troubling," he added, "that less than 2 percent of our nation's teachers are African-American males."
Duncan said the way to bring more young black men into the teaching profession is to make sure that they continue their studies and don't drop out at the high rates they do now. "Our African male dropout rate is too high. 1f you're dropping out of high school you can't be a teacher," he said.
Duncan said the nation cannot rely alone on schools of education to produce the next generation of teachers. He called for expanding alternatives such as Teach for America, which recruits recent college graduates to teach in schools in poor communities for at least two years.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答〔〕
56. Duncan made the Virginia address so as to highlight______
A) the nation's need for excellent teachers
B) nation's need for black people in classrooms
C) need of those who seek a second career
D)need of those who are prepared to be teachers
57 The dropout rates among African-American and Latino students must be reduced so that___
A)the country can get rid of poverty B)the country can be more competitive
C) racial bias can be eliminated in the country D) Social injustice can be avoided
58.New teachers will be in great need in the next four years most probably because____
A) the economy is expected to flourish B) the number of students is increasing
C) many senior teachers will retire D) education will be highly valued
59.According to the passage, only few African-American males
A) respect teachers B) understand teachers
C) are determined to be teachers D) are qualified to be
60..In order to meet the demand for teachers, Duncan suggests that__.
A) recent college graduates can be teacher candidates
B) experienced teachers should be in longer service
C) schools of education should enroll more students
D) more schools of education should be established
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Most of us are neither pilots nor astronauts. We are not trained to steer large hulks of steel and gasoline while manipulating small computers. So there’s something blindingly obvious about the risks of texting while driving. Yet research is beginning to show that driving while simply talking on a cell phone-including using hands-free technology-can prove dangerous, even deadly.
In late July, the Center for Auto Safety released hundreds of pages of a study that identified the cell phone as a serious safety hazard when used on the road. And though it's impossible to accurately calculate how many car accidents nationwide are cell phone related, David Strayer, a psychology professor at the University of Utah, estimates that only 2% of people are able to safely
multitask while driving.
Strayer, who for more than a decade has been studying the effects driving and cell-phone use have on the brain, sans those 2% are probably the same people who would be really good fighter pilots. Rarities. Some of Strayer's other findings show that most drivers tend to stare straight ahead while using a cellphone and are less influenced by peripheral vision(周边视觉). In other words, “cell phones,” he says, “make you blind to your own bad driving”.
And even though the common assumption is that hands-free technology has reduced the more dangerous side effects of cell-phone use, a series of tests conducted by Strayer seems to indicate the opposite. A passenger acted as another set of eyes for the driver in the test and even stopped or started talking depending on the difficulty of conditions outside the car. Meanwhile, half the drivers talking on a hands-free phone failed, bypassing(绕过) the rest area the test had called for them to stop at.
Part of the problem may be that when people direct their attention to sound, the visual capacity of their brain decreases, says Steven Yantis, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Johns Hopkins University. It can be as if a driver is seeing the image in her head of the person she is talking to, thereby decreasing her ability to see what's actually in front of her.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
—7—
81. The passage is intended for emphasizing 'the safety issue on_________.
A) working on computers B) traveling in space C) using a cell phone D) driving a car
62. According to David Strayer, a good fighter pilot must be good at_.
A) driving fast cars safely B) doing many tasks at the same time
C) steering huge machines D) identifying risks of the surroundings
63. As it is mentioned in the passage, the drivers talking on the cell phone tend to_
A) be blind to the things straight ahead B) be aware of their bad driving habits
C) ignore the items on both sides D) be influenced by peripheral vision
64. In Strayer's tests, the drivers were required to_.
A) stop at a certain rest area
B) bypass a certain rest area
C) be aware of the dangerous side effects of cell-phone use
D) stop talking to the passenger under difficult conditions
65. Steven Yantis is most likely to agree that_。
A) sound can weaken people's eye sight
B) sound can distract people from vision
C) sound is necessary for the formation of visual image
D) sound is incompatible with visual ability of the brain
Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part,, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国高速铁路(high-speed rail)网由中国铁路公司运营。该铁路网包括所有商业高速列车运行服务，这些列车的时速平均达200公里或更高。目前中国拥有全球最长的高铁线网，运营中的线路约9300公里。2012年12月25日，中国启动世界上最长的线路，该线路从北
京至广州，共2298公里。高铁服务于2007年引进中国。在政府的大力资助下，高铁线网正在迅速扩展。
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
答案详解
Part I Writing
The Necessity of Reducing Waste on Campus
写作指南
这是一篇看图作文。要求考生先简单描述图片内容，继而就“减少校园浪费的必要性”这个话题进行阐述。根据题目要求，可将文章内容安排如下:
第一段:简明扼要地描述图片内容。
第二段:简述减少校园浪费的必要性。
第三段:提出减少校园浪费现象的一些建议，结束全文。
范文与译文
范文：
As is shown in the drawing,、in the bathroom where there is a sign saying "DON'T WASTE WATER, PLEASE", a girl is busy making herself up, totally forgetting that water is still running out from the taps. In fact, wasting phenomena like this are frequently seen on campus: rows of lights left on in vacant classrooms; rice and dishes left over in the waste buckets.
It is high time that such campus waste should be eliminated because we are living in a world with limited resources. And if we do not cherish things we have today,
sooner or later we will be short of them.
To reduce waste on campus, we should all discipline
ourselves: Turn off the lights when we leave the classroom; eat our meals up; don't waste water, etc. The world will become much more beautiful as long as we all do our bit.
译文：
如图所示，浴室中贴着“节约用水”字样的标示，而一个女孩却忙着照镜子打扮，完全忘了水龙头还正哗哗地放着水。事实上，诸如此类的浪费现象在校园里很常见:空无一人的课室灯火通明;垃坡桶里堆满剩饭剩菜。
是时候杜绝这些行为了，因为我们地球的资源是有限的。如果我们今天不珍惜所有，在不久的将来，我们也会失去它们。
为了减少校园浪费现象，人人都应该从我做起:离开教室时应随手关灯;别剩饭菜;不浪费水，等等。只要人人都贡献一份力量这个世界会变得更加美好。
亮点词汇
make up打扮run out流出
tap n.水龙头vacant a.空缺的
eliminate vt.消除cherish vt. 珍惜
sooner or later迟早discipline vt. 训导
eat up吃完do one's bit尽某人的一份力量
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
DCDBA
BACDB
ABDCA
BADCC
ACBAB
Section C
[26].【答案】imposed
[27].【答案】environmentalists
[28].【答案】imagery
[29].【答案】discourage people from using
[30].【答案】estimated
[31].【答案】free parking
[32].【答案】was supposed to
[33].【答案】tackle
[34].【答案】micrograms
[35].【答案】operating
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
全文翻译
虽然我们习惯于把1927年以前的电影称作“无声电影”，可是，从“无声”这个词严格的意义上来说，电影从未真正无声过。从一开始，音乐就被认为是电影不可缺少的伴随物;当Lumiere的电影于1896年2月在美国首届影片公映展览上放映时，它们就有根据流行曲调即席演奏的钢琴曲作伴奏了。最初，所演奏的音乐与电影没有任何特殊的关系，随便拿什么音乐作伴奏都可以。然而，没过多久，用活泼的音乐给严肃的电影伴奏所产生的不协调感已经非常明显，于是
电影钢琴家开始费心考虑使他们演奏的乐曲与电影的气氛相配。
随着电影院越来越多、越来越重要，在某些情况下，除了钢琴师之外还会增加一位小提琴手或者一位大提琴手一起来伴奏;在一些大一点的电影院还组建了小型乐队。在很长一段时间内，每部电影配曲的选择完全由乐队指挥或者乐队的队长决定。而通常情况下，获得此类职位的主要条件与其说是看谁的演奏技艺娴熟、音乐品味高，倒不如说是看谁拥有的乐曲库大。因为乐队指挥通常要等到放映之前的晚上才能看到电影，所以电影音乐通常都是在非常仓促的情况下即席演奏的。
词性分析
名词: occasions重大(或特殊)场合;时机;理由[复数] bore令人讨厌的人(或事)qualification资格;合格证书;
限定性条件cases事例;情况;病例;案例;箱[复数]
动词: accompanied陪伴;伴随;为……伴奏(或伴唱)[过去式或过去分词] matching相配[现在分词]rested休
息;靠;取决于;依靠;停留[过去式或过去分词] bore使厌烦;钻(孔)，挖(洞)[原形]忍受;负担;承受;带有;结
(果实)，生(孩子)[过去式]according相符合;授予[现在分词]
形容词: sufficient足够的，充分的incredible不可信的;难以置信的solemn严肃的;隆重的indispensable必不
可少的，必需的severe严重的;严厉的;严峻的
副词: comparatively相对地normally正常地，通常地
解题思路
36. [L]此处需填以元音开头的形容词修饰accompaniment。根据上下文意思，无声电影并不是真正的无声，从一开始，音乐就被认为是它____伴随物。从语义上判断，indispensable不可缺少的)符合文意。
37. [C] 此处需要用过去分词。上文提到音乐是电影的伴随物(accompaniment )，由此可知此处指用钢琴为电影“伴奏”，故选择accompaniment的动词形式accompanied。
38. [I] 此处需填动词的过去式作谓语。本句的意思是最初的电影伴奏乐与电影并没有特别的关系，符合条件的动词中bore能与relationship搭配，为最佳选择。bear no relationship to….意为“与……无关”。注意空前的played并非本句的谓语，而是过去分词作the music的后置定语，表示“演奏的音乐”。
39. [A]此处需填入形容词，作表语。上文说到起初音乐与电影没有什么特别的关系，由此可推断这里指任何一种伴奏音乐都可以，故选择sufficient，意思是任何音乐都足够满足需要。
40. [K]此处需填入形容词修饰film。根据本句的incongruity(不协调)，可知该形容词应与修饰music的形容词lively形成对比，故答案为solemn(严肃的)。注意severe通常指事态的后果“严重”，或某人“严格”，而不能用来指电影风格。
41. [E] 此处需填入动名词作in的宾语，且能与后面的to搭配。上文说到音乐格调与电影内容不协调，本句的began to暗示此处语义上应与“不协调”相反，故选择matching，accord 表示“与……一致”时，通常与with搭配，而不与to搭配，所以排除according.
42. [O] 此处需填人名词，且能与介词in构成固定搭配。词库中的名词在搭配和意义上都符合要求的是cases, in certain cases意为“在某些情况下”。occasions通常与on搭配。
43. [F] 此句需填入动词过去式充当句子谓语。根据句子的意思，在当时配乐的选择完全由指挥或管弦乐队的队长来决定，故选rested。rest in the hands of是固定搭配，意为“在于，取决于”。
44. [J]此处需填入能与for搭配的名词，作并列句中的主语。根据skill, taste，结合for holding such a position等关键词，可以推断空格处应为“(拥有该职位的主要)资格条件”之义，因此填入qualification 。
45. [G]此句结构完整，可以判断需填人副词修饰was improvised。根据句意，乐队指挥通常是要等到电影放映前的晚上才能看到，因此，时间应该“通常”都很仓促，选normally。此处并没有出现对比情况，所以comparatively（相对地)可以排除。
Section B
46. [D][译文l行业组织在说服酒店支持环保的时候往往在强调对环境有益的同时，也强调酒店能从中节省的开支。
【定位详解】本题说明了酒店推动环保与其节省开支之间的关系，与此信息相关的段落包括B至D三段。再根据Industry groups及the money hotels can sane等关键词可定位至D 段第1句，该句中的more environmentally friendly与本题的eco-friendly对应，the money they'll save与本题的the money hotels can save对应，故确定答案为Do
47.[F]【译文】一些公司采取实际行动来支持环保，而另一些公司只是假装环保。
【定位详解]本题提到不同公司对环保的两种截然不同的态度，可直接将定位锁定在Green stories of tom-anies标题下的F及G段。其中F段第1句首先总结性地指出，除酒店外，也有其他公司是假装环保的(green fakery)。而第2句表示另外一些公司则是真环保(for real)，这些信息都分别与本题所述对应，故答案为F。
43.[B][译文]减少送洗衣物的数量能为酒店节省大量的电力及水。
[定位详解1本题与酒店的洗衣服务有关，故应定位在Green .stories of hotels标题下的A 至E段。再根据关键词laundry，可将范围缩小至B和C，其中B段第1句提到，保持毛巾的干净需要大量的水电和香皂，故减少洗衣服务能减少酒店支出，B段为本题出处。
49. [G][译文]辫明伪环保的一个方法就是看看该公司是否让其顾客行动自己则从中获益。【定位详解】本题与辨明公司伪环保的方法有关，可直接在Green stories of companies标题下的F及G段中查找，发现G段第1句提到“容易辨别这类公司(文中的these·一”，冒号后的内容与本题对应，故本题出处在G段。companies指那些不是真心支持环保的公司)，干扰排除】F段第1句也复现了本题的green fakery，易误选。但该段只是提到有两种不同的公司环保另一种是伪装的，并没有提到如何辨明，故并非本题出处。一种是真心支持50. [I] 【译文] 广告推广活动帮助诸如雪佛龙这种公司提升其环保排名。
【定位详解】本题出现关键词Ad campaigns, 故可在Green stories of ad campaigns标题下查找出处，再根据专有名词Chevron可快速定位定H段以及I段段。这两段中只有I段前三句提到了Chevron的环保排名，其中，
第3句明确指出该公司之所以能升至62位，部分原因是这些华丽的广告，这与本所述相符，故I为本题出处。
51. [A]【译文]在美国，酒店呼吁顾客循环使用毛巾是一种普遍做法。
【定位详解】本题与酒店相关，定位应在Green stories of hotels标题下的段落。
A段引出全文话题，其中第2句冒号后有明确提到:“在浴室柜上有一张小卡片，告诉我他们(酒店)很注重环保，并呼吁我晾好湿毛巾，第二天再用，以做好自己的本分帮助他们拯救地球”，该处与本题对应，故选A。
52. [D]【译文l据估计，70%的酒店顾客愿意参与酒店发起的环保项目。
[定位详解】本题与酒店相关，定位锁定在Green stories of hotels标题下的段落。再根据数值seventy percent可快速定位至D段，该段末引语中明确提到，70%在酒店住宿超过一晚的人都愿意参加该(环保)项目，故本题信息源自D段
53. [H] [译文」至于提高企业的环保声誉，进行广告宣传以及提出一些环保口号要比实施切实环保项目更有效
【定位详解」由关键词ad campaign可将定位锁定在Green stories of ad campaigns标题下。再根据green reputation可快速查找到H段。该段第1句就总结性地指出“在提高企业环保声誉方面，广告比采取切实环保项目更佳”，其中的does a better job对应本题的more effective，故本题选H}
54. [C][译文】酒店不更换毛巾的目的是向顾客提供更少的服务以从中获利。
【定位详解]本题与酒店有关，定位锁定在Green stories of hotels标题下的A至E段，其中B,C段分别作出了两种解释:可以减少水电从而达到环保的目的(B段);以环保的名义，实际上是从减少对顾客的服务中获益(C段最后一句)，后者与本题对应，故选C}
55. [E] }译文】在某些方面，酒店表现出对环保漠不关心，如大堂里的空调。
[定位详解]本题与酒店有关，定位锁定在Green stories of hotels标题下的A至E段。再由关键词air conditioning及hotel lobby可查找到E段。该句第4句总结出酒店在其他方面并不关注环保(didn't... Interest in being green，与本题的indifference to be green对应)，之后两
句以酒店大堂的空调为例说明这一点，与本题所述对应，故选E。
Section C
Passage One—一—--一———一—一—一—全文翻译划线点评
[56」美国教育部长阿恩·邓肯周五呼吁招募新一代的杰出教师，将教育称为我们这个时代的民权运动事业。邓肯在维吉尼亚大学告诉100名准教师说:行业资深人员、退休人士、专业入士寻求第二份工作时应该留意一下对教师的需求。他说这种需求对于走入美国教室的黑人尤为重要。
[56」在维吉尼亚的演讲是邓肯在10月份要做的关于呼吁优秀人士进入教育行业的几场演讲中的第一场。他将在10月20号召开一次网络市政会议，与会者有来自全国各地的教师，两天后他又会在纽约市做一场关于师资培训的大型演讲。
[57】邓肯强调在美国要和受教育程度越来越高的全球劳动力竞争时，教育就显得特别重要了。他指出，我们需要通过加强教育来减少非裔美国人、拉美和低收入家庭学生的辍学率。邓肯说“我相信教育就是我们这个时代的民权问题。
如果你想要促进机会均等、减少不平等现象和社会不公平，教室就是行动开始的地方。”
邓肯指出，单单在未来4年里，全国就可能有三分之一的老师和教育管理者离岗。[58]资深教育工作者的离去需要大量新教师的补充—在经济形势好的时倪每年需要20万，邓肯说道。
邓肯强调，在“高贫困、高需求”地区和农村学校，以及数学和科学这样的学科对教师的需求量是最大的。“但特别
麻烦的是，”邓肯补充道，“在我们国家，非裔男性教师的比例还不到全国教师的2%0 "
(59」邓肯说让更多的年轻黑人进入教师行业的方法是保证他们能够继续完成学业，使他们的辍学率不至于像现在这么高。邓肯说:“非裔男性的辍学率大高了，如果你中学就辍学，你也就做不了教师。”
邓肯说国家不能只依靠教育类院校来培养下一代的教师。[60]他呼吁扩大教师的选择范围，如“支教美国”组织便是招募刚毕业的大学生到贫困地区的学校任教至少两年。
56. [A]【定位】第1段和第2段。
【详解】第1段第1句中的appealed... for.二和第2段第1句中的for...都表明了Duncan 在弗吉尼亚所做的演讲的目的，这两句表明Duncan的目的是想呼吁更多人加人教师的行列，这也表明美国亚需更多优秀的教师，因此，本题应选A
【点睛】B中提到的black people与第1段最后一句的black men同义，但第1,2段表明美国缺乏教师，但并不是只缺黑人教师，因此，B的说法过于狭窄;C和D中的定语从句的内容在原文均有提及，但Duncan的演讲并不关注这些人的需要，这两个选项只是利用了原文的只言片语拼凑起来。
57. [B][定位]第3段第1句。
【详解】原文该句as二引出的从句表明之所以要通过加强教育减少非裔美国人、拉美学生的辍学率，是因为美国要和受教育程度越来越高的全球劳动力竞争，由此可推断，减少非裔美国人、拉美学生的辍学率，最终的目的是为了保持美国在全球劳动市场的竟争力，与此推断内容最相近的是B，故B为本题答案。
【点睛」A,C,D在现实中也可能是通过提高教育程度而达成的目标，但这三项在原文没有直接的依据，故均不能选。
58. [C][定位]第4段。
[详解1第4段第1句中的leave和第2句中的departure表明教育工作者的“离开”导致未来4年唯需招收新教师，原文没有说明这些教育工作者为什么“离开”，但该段第2句中的veteran表明这些教育工作者已从事教育多年，他们“离开”最有可能是因为要“退
休”了，因此，本题应选Co
【点睛】其他三项与leave和departure的关系都不大，要排除并不难。另外，A是最具干扰性的，该项内容与第4段最后一句破折号后的good economic times内容非常相近，但这一内容在破折号后，属于一个附加说明的内容，说明在经济形势好的时候需要的老师的数量，但经济好转并不是造成未来4年要不断招收新老师的原因。
59. [D][定位]第5,6段。
【详解]第5段末提到全国只有2%的教师是African-American males，而第6段总结说非裔美国男性的辍学率很高，而高中就辍学的人当然当不了教师。由此可以推断非裔美国男性因为接受教育的程度不高，因此他们能当上老师的比率也很低，由此可见，本题应选Do
【点睛】A,B缺乏原文依据;C中的determined属于无中生有。
60. [A][定位]最后一段。
【详解]该段第2句中的called for…表明Duncan认同Teach for America组织招募刚毕业的大学生当老师的做法，由此可推断，Duncan认为刚毕业的大学生可以成为教师，因此，本题应选A。
【点睛】其他选项都能与“教育”、“教师”等扯上关系，但都缺乏原文依据，Duncan并没有就这些内容发表相关看法。
Passage Two一一一———一—一一——一全文翻译划线点评
我们当中大多数人既不是飞行员也不是宇航员。我们没有接受过在操纵微型电脑的时候驾驶钢铁制造、汽油驱动的大家伙的训练。[61]因此，开车时编辑短信可能带来的风险是十分明显的。而且研究开始显示，就算是在开车时简单的打开手机————包括使用免提电话———也是十分危险，甚至是致命的。
在七月底，汽车安全中心发布了一份几百页的研究报告。该研究发现如果在驾车时使用手机，便是一个非常严重的安全隐患。[62]尽管不可能准确计算出全国有多少交通事故与手机相关，犹他州大学的心理学教授大卫.斯特耶估计只有2%的人能够在开车时安全地做着其他事情。
斯特耶十几年来一直在研究开车时使用手机对大脑的影响。[62]他说这2%的人可能也是能够成为真正优秀儿的战斗机飞行员的人。这种人很稀少。[63]斯特耶的其他一些研究显示大多数开车的人在使用手机时往往会直视前方，较少受到周边视线所及之物的影响。换言之，斯特耶说，“手机会让你无视自己的驾驶不当”。
尽管一般认为免提技术降低了很多手机使用的危险，斯特耶所做的一系列测试显示出了相反的结果。在测试中，一名乘客充当司机的另一双眼睛。根据车外的情况的困难度，乘客会选择是否和司机谈话。(64] 而这个时候，一般再用免提手机通话的四级都未能通过测试，都绕过了测试要求他们停靠的休息区。
[65]造成这一现象的部分原因可能是当人们注意力集中在声音上时，大脑的视觉感知能力便会下降。金斯大学的心理和脑科学教授史蒂芬·亚蒂斯说道。这就犹如司机头脑中出现了与其通话的人的形象，因此其看到真实出现在面前的事物的能力有所下降。
61. [D][定位]全文。
【详解】本题考查文章的主旨，从第1段可以知道本文要讨论的是使用手机是否会影响开车安全，强调使用手机会影响行车安全。由此可见，本文要讨论的是“行车安全”的问题，而不是如何安全使用手机的问题，因此，本题应选D
【点睛】本题最具干扰性的是C，但是如果将题千的safety issue on和C结合起来的话，就应理解为“使用手机时的安全问题”，本文的论点并不关注如何安全使用手机，因此，C不是本文的主题，不能选。
62. [B]【定位]第2段最后一句和第3段第1句。
【详解】原文这两句都提到了2%，第3段第1句表明这2%的人可以成为优秀的飞行员，而这2%的人具有什么与别人不同的特点呢?这在第2段最后一句提到:他们能一边开车一边做别的事。由此可推断，成为飞行员的人，应能同时做不同的事。文章开头的前两句也提到了相关内容，因此，本题应选B
点睛】回答本题的关键词是第2段最后一句中的multitask , B是对multitask的近义替代，其他都没有mufti许多)
的意思。
63. [C][定位]第3段第3句。
【详解】该句提到边开车边使用手机的司机往往会直视前方(stare straight ahead)、较少受到周边视线所及之物的影响(( less influenced by peripheral vision ) ,因而影响了行车的安全。由此可知司机通话时，会将注意力集中在前方，忽略两边的事物，C与此同义，故为本题答案。
【点睛」A与原文说到司机只会集中注意力在正前方的说法相反，排除;B与该段末说到的手机使司机对自己的不良驾驶行为视而不见相反(blind to... bad driving )，也可排除;D断章取义，缺少了原文的关键词less，故也需排除。
64. [A][定位]第4段最后一句。
【详解]原文该句中的called for意为“要求”，和题干中的required同义，该句表明测试“要求”司机停靠在指定的rest area,因此，本题应选A
【点睛】B的用词都来自原文，但在原文中，bypassing…是那些半数失败了的司机的做法，表明他们没能在指定的休息点停靠，可见，B不符合题意。事实上，原文只有在第4段最后一句提到了参加测试的司机需要做些什么，对照这一句的内容，可以知道C和D均没有在原文提及。
65. [B]【定位]最后一段。
【详解】最后一段第1句表明当人的注意力集中在声音上时，视觉能力就会减弱，这也就是说，声音会削弱人视觉上的注意力，因此，B符合原文的说法。
【点睛】最后一段强调了“视觉能力”的减弱，这表明，人的视力(eye sight)并不会受到声音影响，只是大脑对于看到的
事情感觉迟钝了，因此，A的说法不正确;C中的necessary for...所描述的声音和视觉形象形成之间的关系没有原文依据;D中的incompatible说得过于严重了，声音只是会“削弱”大脑的视觉感受，声音和视觉感受并不是互不相容的。
Part IV Translation
词汇难点
高速铁路网：high-speed rail network 中国铁路公司：China Railway Corporation 商业的：commercial 线路：route; line
大力资助：generous funding
表达难点
1.“由……运营”用被动态表达，即“be operated by…”。
2.“时速平均达……”在此处只需用“have an average speed of…”表达即可，后面的200km/h
表达了“时速”的意思。
3.“运营中的”可译作后置定语“in service”,修饰中心词“线路（routes）”。
4.“中国启动世界上最长的线路，该线路……”由于句子较长，所以可考虑译为两个句子。
“该线路”可用It来指代。
5.“在……的大力资助下”可译成“With generous funding from…”。
参考译文
The high-speed rail network in China is operated by China Railway Corporation. The network consists of all commercial train services, and the trains have an average speed of 200km/h or higher. China has the world’s longest high-speed rail network with about 9,300 km of routes in service at present. The world’s longest line opened in China on 25 December 2012. It runs 2,298 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou. High-speed rail service in China was introduced in 2007. With generous funding from the government, the network is rapidly expanding.
2019年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(21) Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions： There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage： Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too：about once a second,if they were controlled by clock. The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.The signals were coming from a very small body—no bigger,perhaps than the earth.Was that why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star?There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”they thought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to the newspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and 1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about
2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题 PartⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten. B) The man will soon start a business of his own. C) The man would like to be a high school teacher. D) The woman is going to major in child education. 2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged. B) The sound equipment has to be set up. C) The conference room has to be cleaned. D) The video machine has to be checked. 3. A) She is exhausted. B) She is near-sighted. C) She cannot finish work in time. D) She cannot go straight home. 4. A) The woman is too particular about food. B) He would rather have a meal an hour later. C) The woman should order her food quickly. D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches. 5. A) He is not a good mechanic. B) He doesn't keep his promises. C) He spends his spare time doing repairs. D) He is always ready to offer help to others. 6. A) Sam has a big family to support. B) Sam is not interested in traveling. C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low. D) The work hours in the travel agency arc too long 7. A) International trade.
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions I and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A)Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow. B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences. C)Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow. D) A wandering cow was captured by the police. 2.A) It was shot to death by a police officer. B)It found its way back to the park' s zoo. C)It became a great attraction for tourists. D)It was sent to the animal control department. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A) It is the largest of its kind. B)It is going to be expanded. C)It is displaying more fossil specimens. D)It is staring an online exhibition. 4.AJA collection of bird fossils from Australia. B)Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits. C)Some ancient wall paintings from Australia. D)Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5.A) Pick up trash. B)Amuse visitors. C)Deliver messages. D)Play with children. 6.A) They are especially intelligent. 8)They are children' s favorite. C They are quite easy to tame. D) They are clean and pretty. 7.A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. B)Children may be tempted to drop litter. C)Children may contract bird diseases.
2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套） Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people’s life and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listenin g Compre hension （30 minutes ） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A）He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. B）He has difficulty understanding the book. C）He cannot get access to the assigned book. D）He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline. 2. A）She will drive the man to the supermarket. B）The man should buy a car of his own. C）The man needn’t go shopping every week. D）She can pick the man up at the grocery store. 3. A）Get more food and drinks. C）Tidy up the place. B）Ask his friend to come over. D）Hold a party. 4. A）The talks can be held any day except this Friday. B）He could change his schedule to meet John Smith. C）The first-round talks should start as soon as possible. D）The woman should contact John Smith first. 5. A）He understands the woman’s feelings. B）He has gone through a similar experience. C）The woman should have gone on the field trip.
2013年12月份全国大学英语四级考试
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一 种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹 饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至 关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.
试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越 重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一 部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的， 中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.
试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而 中国人则会选茶， 相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶， 并用来治病， 在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今， 茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组 成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
试卷四：中国结
1
[外语类试卷]大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 144 一、Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of appeal calling for student participation in an aid-education project in Western, areas following the outline given below. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. 1．市教委组织了一次西部支教的活动，学生会呼吁大学生积极参与 2．活动的时间、要求及作用 Section A （A）The woman has looked for Harry Potter in several bookstores. （B）The woman has found Harry Potter in another bookstore. （C）There is no Harry Potter in other bookstores yet. （D）Harry Potter may be found in other bookstores. （A）A waitress. （B）A cashier. （C）A security. （D）A secretary. （A）He wants to pay. （B）He doesn't want to eat out. （C）He wants to eat somewhere else. （D）He doesn't like Japanese food.
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity byencouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology. “If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.” A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____. A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards B) the appropriate amount of external rewards C) the study of relationship between actions and D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance 2. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students? A) They approve of external rewards. B) They don't think external rewards. C) They have doubts about external rewards. D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students. 3. According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity? A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them. B) Always promise rewards. C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging. D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____. A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’ B) punishment is more effective than rewarding C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards D) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency 5．Which of the following facts about “token economics”is not correct? A) Students are assigned challenging tasks.
Hate Your Job? Here’s How to Reshape It A) Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile. B) "We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities," says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. "But what if you set aside that mind-set?" If you could adjust what you do, she says, "who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?" C) To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They’re working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane (平凡的) ones---more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments. Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively D) "The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do," says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配). See I0 perfect jobs for the recession--and after. E) Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn’t part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm’s manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work. F) Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says it’s crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. "Doing so," she says, "will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life-draining." G) Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例 ). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. "Even in the most constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room," he says. "Small changes can have a real impact on life at work." Step 2: Diagram Your Day H) To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your "strengths, motives and passions" into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an "after" diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.
Question 1 M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration. W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? Question 2 W: Is everything ready for the conference? M: The only thing left to do is set up the microphones and speakers. They'll be here in a few minutes. Q: What preparations have yet to be made? Question 3 W: Is it almost time to go home now? I'm so tired. I can hardly see straight. M: Just a few more minutes, then we can go. Q: What is the woman’s problem? Question 4 W: I'm not sure what I’m in a mood for. Ice-cream or sandwiches? They are both really good here. M: The movie starts in an hour. And we still have to get there and park. So just make a decision. Q: What does the man mean? Question 5 W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he has time. M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time. Q: What does the man imply about Tom? Question 6 W: So you know that Sam turns down the job offered by the travel agency.
2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(茶和咖啡)【翻译原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the q ing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【参考译文一】"Would you like tea or coffee?" Meals are frequently asked questions， ma ny westerners will choose coffee， and the Chinese will choose tea， according to legend， a Chi nese emperor discovered tea in five thousand years ago， and used to heal， in the Ming and qing dynasties ， tea houses all over the country， tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century and spread to Europe and the United States， but it was not until the 18th century today， tea is one o f the most popular beverage in the world， tea is the treasure of China. Is also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 【参考译文二】 “Would you like tea or coffee?” This is a question which the dining people are frequently ask ed. Some westerners tend to choose coffee， while the Chinese usually choose tea. There is a lege nd that one Chinese emperor found tea 5，000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses. During the Ming and Q ing Dynasties， tea houses were widespread throughout China. Tea-drinking was spr ead to Japan in the 6th century but to Europe and America until the 18th century. Nowadays， tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Tea is the treasure of China， and it is also an i mportant part of the Chinese tradition and culture. 【参考译文三】As for the dinning people，”Tea or Coffee?” is a question frequently ask ed. Coffee is usually the Westerns’ first choice， while tea is the preferment of Chinese. Tradition ha s it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor， who lived in 5000 years ago. At that time， tea is used to heal sickness. During Ming-Qing dynasties， teahouses are across the country. Tea drinki ng spread into Japanese as early as in the 6th century， yet it did not spread into Europe and Amer