EXERCISES
I. Reading Comprehension :
Choose the best answer to each question.
The Auto Prepper
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's parents used to（suffer from hardship）
2. The author's first job was to （clean and brighten cars ）
3. It may be inferred from the passage that Detroit was where the author（got help from）
The Cashier
4. All the following can be used to describe the author's grandmother EXCEPT rewarding
5. The' word "they" (last sentence) refers to customers
II. Getting Information :
Answer the following questions in English.
The Auto Prepper
The Cashier
3. Did the author prefer to save money or spend money? How do you know?
4.
I. Reading Comprehension :
Choose the best answer to each question.
1. .
2.
Choose the best answer to each question.
1. According to the author, modern economics has mostly been a one-horse show
because it has been appealing to reason in solving problems
2. Which of the following is true of "neuroeconomics"? It is a subject which requires cooperation of economists and neural scientists.
3. What are the human subjects most probably told to do in the research? To decide whether to invest in shares or buy insurance.
4. What is Brian Knutson's finding in his brain-scan experiment? Human brain has a region for recognizing an amount of money.
5. What is the problem David Laibson wanted to solve? Why people prefer immediate rewards to long-term rewards.
Reading Comprehension :
2. In the first passage which sport would be most suitable for a young married woman with a baby? She doesn't want anything too
3. In the first passage which day and time would be the best for a family with two children aged 6 and 8, who all want tuition (指导) ?
5. From the information given in the first passage, which sport seems the most suitable for young children of pre-school age?
I. Reading Comprehension :
Choose the best answer to each question.
2. All the following are correct
4.
5.
III. Vocabulary and Structure: (词汇与结构)
A. Choose the correct word/phrase to fill into each sentence, using the proper form.
B. Find the proper forms of the following words according to the given word class,
1. open (n. ) opening
2. persist (n.) persistence
3. succeed (n. ) success
4. succeed ( adj. ) successful
5. important (n. ) importance
6. promote (n. ) promotion
7. depress (n. ) depression
8. value (adj. ) valuable
9. loyal (n. ) loyalty
10. favor (adj. ) favorable/favorite
C. Use words/phrases from the passage to replace the italicized words/phrases in the following
sentences.
1. We can obtain knowledge by reading books, newspapers, and by watching TV. acquire
2. When all her other friends deserted her, Steve remained constant. loyal
3. New York is a city famous for its shopping and nightlife. noted
4. You frightened me-l thought you were in the garden. startled
5. He accepted the blame for the mistake in the government report. responsibility
6. Teaching is not very worth doing financially. rewarding
7. She showed sincere sorrow at the news. genuine
8. Guess whom I encountered today? Bumped into
9. Tickets must be bought two weeks in advance. purchased
10. We all hope that an agreement can be reached at the end. Eventually
III Vocabulary and Srructure :
A. Fill in the blanks, using the following words properly.
1. Jane used to be slow in class, but now she is
2. Nobody is able to explain the origin of this commonly-used expression.
3. Paul recalls me very much of a schoolmate I used to know at university.
4. Don't count your chickens before they are hatched
5. They _ hauled the boat up onto the shore.
B. Choose one of the following words which is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
1. He was wearing a decent suit in the party last week. suitable
2. Several car manufactures will boot half of their workers because of the economic difficulty. dismiss
3. A(n) frugal buyer purchases fruit and vegetables in season. economical
4. They had ample funds to cover the cost of the trip. sufficient
5. Eventually, the case proved to have nothing to do with him. Ultimately
6. All living things have certain attributes that are passed on from one generation to the traits next.
7. Traffic was moving at a crawl. at a slow pace
8. That story rjngs true. sounds
9. There has been a modest decrease in house prices this year. . little
10. The country made social and political gains under the new government. progress
C. Choose from Column (B) words which are close in meaning to those in Column (A).
(A). (B)
descent tightfisted
forefather heir
drag haul
extend ample
frugal ancestor
plentiful stretch
finally eventually
Vocabulary and Structure:
A. Choose the correct word/phrase to fill into each sentence, using the proper form.
A.
1.
4.
7.
8.
9.
field.
10.
B. Find the proper forms of the following words according to the given word class.
2. connect (n. )
3. transform (n. )
4. withdrawal (v. )
5. rationalize
6. efficiency
7. superior (n. )
8. emerge (n. )
1. It is estimated that the new interaction between computers and Net technology will have
significant influence the industry of the future.
2.
in the networking of communication.
lines that connect the whole world.
4.
5. Some people argued that most commodities were unsuitable
6. As a result, Puma was transformed
started studying the possibility of an electronic currency.
选择适当的时态填空。
(3) Darwin proved that natural selection the chief factor in the development of species
20, 000 postgraduates.
A. Translate the following into Chinese.（英译汉）
1. Two noted Americans explain why it's not what you earn-it's what you learn. 两名美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所
学的更重要。
2. I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn't be outworked. 我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。
3. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。
4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted in-to makeup ideas. 我发自内心地关心她
2.我们完成那项工作的时间打破了纪录。We finished the work in record time.
3．他是从报纸上得到这一信息的。（acquire）He acquired the information from the newspapers.
4．该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。The organization means to promote the friendship among countries。
5．今晚她很可能给我打电话。( likely) She is very likely to ring me tonight.
6．我看不懂这篇文章。( beyond) Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.
7．网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。( have significant influence on) Net economy will have significant influence on the
8．在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。( bring
B. Put the following into English.
9．这场特大洪水给长江中下游地区造成了严重的灾害。( do damage to) The extremely heavy flood did great damage to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
10．这场突发疾病把我的假期计划搞得一团糟。( make a mess of)The unexpected illness made a mess of my holiday plans,. 11．倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话，你可以再续借一个礼拜。( pr。vided)You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it.
12．报界纷纷指责专题电视节目中使用的粗鄙语言。( a flood of) . There was a flood of complaints from the press about the bad language used in the special TV show.
13．现在人们把电视机当作必备的生活用品之一。( look on... as) People now look on a television set as an essential facility for life.
14．对人民的疾苦视而不见的政治领袖是不会受到人民的拥护的。( turn a blind eye to) The head of state who turns a blind eye to the people's sufferings will not gain support from them.
15．不要急于回答，留出一些讨论的余地。(opening for discussion) Please resist the impulse to respond quickly and leave some opening for discussion.
16.面临困难的时候坚持下去就会取得回报。(in facef…；it pays…) It pays to persist in the face of difficulties.
17.她在这张照片中显得很年轻The photo makes her look very young。
18.请你务必查清房间上锁后再离开Please make sure that the room is locked up before you leave。
19.如果你卷入别人的问题，你很可能会以陷入不愉快的境况而告终。( chances are that) If you get involved in other people's problems, the chances are that you will end up in an unpleasant situation.
20.他从来没有想过她也许是在撒谎。( occur to) It never occurs to him that she might he. telling lies.
21.回想起我们在那里度过的一个月，我们心中充满了感激之情。( look back on) As we look back on the month we spent there, our hearts are filled with gratitude.
22.他忘记自己应该维持秩序了。(be supposed to) He forgot he was supposed to be keeping order.
23．她以烹饪美食为乐。(take delight (in) doing sth．) She takes delight (in) cooking lovely meals.
24．她要查寻是否给她预定了房间。( reserve for) She wanted to check if there was a room reserved for her.
25．很可能她把这事全忘了。( more likely than not) More. likely than not, she's forgotten all about it.
26．这项研究的重要性在于它证实了A与B之间存在联系。(in that) The research is important in that it confirms the existence of a relationship between A and B.
27.科技力量上的优势帮助这家公司战胜所有对手。(superiority) The superiority in science and technology helps this company defeat all its rivals.
Unit10
28．我的毛衣洗过之后缩水了。( shrink) My wool sweater shrank after l washed it.
29．乘公共汽车、坐地铁或驾车都可以到达歌剧院。（accessible）The opera house is accessible by bus. subway or car.
30．汽车电话是20世纪80年代的创新，但是现在它们已经很普遍了。( innovation) Car telephones were an innovation in the 1980s, but now they are very common.
31.在伊文斯先生念成绩报告单时，我们都屏住了呼吸。(hold one，s breath) We held our breath while Mr. Evens read the exam results.
32.你需要积极的态度才能找到合适的工作。（positive）You need a positive attitude to find the right job.
33.价格下调是由于供应商之间的竞争引起的。（competition）The price reduction is due to competition among suppliers.
34．他们花了两个小时才控制住火势。( bring/get... under control) It took them two hours to bring/ get the fire under control. 35．吸烟和肺癌之间关系很大。（high correlation）There's a high correlation between Smoking and lung cancer,
36．这家公司主攻欧洲市场。( concentrate on) This firm concentrates on the European market.
37．你们今天早上的会议得出了什么结论吗？(draw a conclusion) Did you draw/ come to /reach any conclusions at the meeting this morning?
38．因特网使人们更方便地获取各种信息。( access to) Internet now helps people have an easier access to all kinds of information. 39．我们本应该在去年底完成那个项目。( completed，project) We should have completed that project at the end of last year. 40．偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来。( perspective) It is useful occasionally to look ar the past to gain a perspective on the preset. 41．这个购物中心出售许多种商品。(a variety of) The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods,
42．一个人失去了健康是不可弥补的。( compensate) Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health.
43．这辆大型轿车耗油量很大。( consumption) The petrol consumption of the big car is very high.
44．文化交往有助于相互理解。( make for) Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding. .
45．经济学家认为没有进步的原因是合作不好。( attribute to) Economists attributed the lack of progress to poor cooperation_ 46．令人吃惊的是他炒股发了财。( pick stock) It is surprising that he made a fortune by picking stocks.
47.这些人仍然在做着使他们成功的各种事情。(lead to) These people are still doing whatever it was that led to their suc4cess,
（汉译英）不重要的部分
1.她计划自己创业。( set up) She plans to set up her own business.
2．态度也很重要。( matter) Attitude also matters.
3．她在客人们到达之前把所有的家具都擦亮了。( polish) She had polished all the furniture before che guests arrived.
6．她喜欢东西都摆好后再开始工作，（in plalce）She likes everything to be in place before she starts working.
7.她常常一天工作12个小时。(put in) She often puts in 12 hours’ work a, day.
10.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。( promote) The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
3．新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新。( transform) A fresh coal of paint can transform a room.
4．做事不先考虑总会导致失败。( result in) Acting before thinking always results in failure.
5．他估计那项工作需要三个月。( estimate) He estimated that the work would take three months.
6．我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。( promote) We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our twocountries.
7．新机场必将推动这个地区的旅游业。( push ahead) The new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region.
10.到目前为止，他们还没有找到遇难的渔船。(to date，wrecked) To dace, they haven't found the wrecked fishing boat.
2．这本畅销书对读者产生了深刻的影响。( impact on) The bestseller had a great. impact on its readers.
3．这辆旧自行车，我最多能付你5美元。( at most) I can give you $ 5, at most, for the used bicycle,
4．他们的经济利益及政治权利都应当受到保护。( as well as) Their political rights, as well as their economic benefits should be safeguarded.
6．如果你明智的话，你就再学习一年。( sensible) lf you are sensible you will study for another year,
9．她的任务是把货物整齐地排列在商店橱窗里。( range) Her task is to range the goods neatly in the shop window.
10.校长鼓励参加全国数学竞赛的选手们争取取得最好的成绩。(encourage) The headmaster encouraged the candidates for the national maths competition to strive for the best results.
5．那位勇敢的年轻人冒着生命危险把这个小孩从湖里救上来。( take risk) The brave young man risked his life in trying to save the child from the lake.
1．解说员的讲解非常有吸引力。( make... appealing) The guide made her introduction very appealing.
2．简单点儿讲吧，别用那些专业术语了。( rather than) Please use simple worcis rather 9han a lot of jarSon
4．一些启发性的问题可以鼓励孩子思考。( leading question) Some leading quesiions can help the children tothink for themselves. V．Writing Task: (作文写作) 8页
Write about Internet in some 120 words. Try to cover the following points.
1. How do you like Internet surfing?
2. What do you think is the future development of Internet?
3. How does Internet change your life?
V．Writing Task: (作文写作) 25页
Write about 120 words on the topic“My Job”．Try to cover the following points:
1．what job you do；
2. what it takes to succeed on your job; and
3. what you have gained from your job.
Oral and Writing Task: (作文写作) 42页
A. Work in groups of 3 0r 4 to talk about the environmental problems which occurred on our
planet in recent years. Try to cover the following points.
1．近年来，地球环境遭到严重破坏
2．原因及危害
3．应采取的措施
B. You are also expected to write on the topic you have talked about. Your composition should be about 120 words.
V. Writing Task: (作文写作) 106页
Write a short passage on "Trust". Your writing should include the following information.
( about 120 words)
1．相互信任是人与人交往的基础。
2．现代社会更需要信任。
3．没有信任的社会是不存在的。
V. Wrrting Task : (作文写作) 173页
Write about Energy Reform in some 120 words. Try to cover the following points.
1. What is the present energy consumption situation in our country?
2. What kind of measures should Chinese government take to increase the energy efficiency?
3. What should we do personally?
IV. Writing Task: (作文写作) 222页
Write about 120 words on the topic "Computer-A Good Friend". You should write according to the three-point outline given below.
1. Nowadays computers are widely used in modern society.
2. They help people in different ways.
3. They also offer entertainment to people.
课文段落
标题一Preserving Our Planet标题一保护我们的地球第一段Despite decades of scientific research, no one yet knows how much damage human activity is doing to the environment. Humans are thought to be responsible for a large number of environmental problems, ranging from global warming to ozone depletion. What is not in doubt, however, is the devastating effect humans are having on the animal and plant life of the planet.第一段尽管科学研究进行了几十年，但仍然没有人知道人类活动对环境的破坏究竟有多大。人类被认为应该为一系列环境问题负责：从全球温度上升到臭氧大大减少。然而有一点是毫无疑问的，即人类正对地球上的动、植物的生活产生极大的破坏作用。第二段Currently, about 50,000 species become extinct every year. “If this carries on, the impact on all living creatures is likely to be profound," says Dr Nick Middleton, a geographer at Oxford University. "All species depend in' some way on each other to survive. And the danger is that, if you remove one species from this very complex web of interrelationships, you have very little idea about the knock-on effects on the ecosystem. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. "第二段目前，估计每年大约有5万物种绝迹。牛滓大学的地理学家尼克，密德尔顿博士说道，如果这种情况继续下去，它对所有生物的影响将可能是深远的。“所有物种都以某种方式互相依赖以生存。因此危险就在于，如果你从这个互相联系的非常复杂的网络上除掉一个物种，你很难预料这对生态系统造成的连锁影响。所以，如果你失去了一个重要物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。“第三段Complicating matters is the fact that there are no obvious solutions to the problem. Unlike global warming and ozone depletion-which, if the political will was there, could be reduced by cutting gas emissions-preserving bio-diversity remains an intractable problem.第三段麻烦的是对这些问题还没有明显的解决办法。和全球气温上升以及臭氧大大减少这些问题小一样，如果政府进行干预，这两种情况叮以通过减少废气的排放得以减弱，而保护生物的多样性却依然是一个十分棘手的问题。第四段The latest idea is " sustainable management". This means humans should be able to use any species
of animal or plant for their benefit, provided enough individuals of that species are left alive to ensure its continued existence.第四段最新的想法是“可持续管理”，这就是说，如果人类能使每一物种有足够的个体存活下来，从而确保该物种得以延续其生存，那么人类才能从动、植物物种中获益。第五段Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sport. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of hunting them illegally-or allowing others to do so-because of the economic benefit involved.
第五段人们把可持续管理视为一种保护物种使之免于绝迹的实用而又经济的办法。这种办法使当地人们可以为丁经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷猎的规章制度。例如，在津巴布韦就有可持续管理项目来保护大象。外国游客为娱乐猎杀这些动物要付高额费用：，这些钱随后要交给射猎括动地区的居民。可以预测，由于牵涉到当地居民的经济利益，他们会受到激励去保护大象而不是去非法愉猎或允许其他人去備猎大象。第六段This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping illegal hunters.第六段这听起来像是一项明智的策略，但它能否起作用还有待于观察。由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。而另一些人则想知道当地居民在制止非法偷猎者方面究竟有多大效果。第七段There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting areas of great bio-diversity such as the world's tropical forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants-allow logging companies to cut down a certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest.第七段当涉及保护生物多样性的地区，如世界热带森林时，可持续管理是否仍然切实可行，人们也有一些疑问。理论上讲，原则应该和处理大象一样——允许伐木公司砍伐一定量的树木，但这个量不应该多到会完全摧毁整个森林的程度。第八段Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need income from logging, there are few regulations and incentives to do this. In fact, for loggers, the most sensible economic approach is to cut down as many trees as quickly as possible.第八段森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的树木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。由于几乎所有的热带森林都位于那些迫切需要从伐木中得到收入的国家，因此在那里很少有规章制度和奖励措施来控制伐木数量及鼓励种植新树。事实七，对伐木者来说，最明智最合算的办法是尽快砍伐尽可能多的树木。
题目二Engineering By Walter Monfried 题目二工程学
第一段Engineering is the profession that puts scientific knowledge to practical use. Engineers use principles of science to design structures, machines, and products of all kinds. They look for better ways to use existing resources and often develop new materials. Engineers have had a direct role in the creation of most of modern technology-the tools, materials, techniques, and power sources that make our lives easier. 第一段工程学是一门将科学知识运用于实践的专业。丁程师运用科学原理设计建筑物、机器以及各种各样的产品。他们寻找更好的方法来使用现存的资源，同时也经常开发新材料。工程师在绝大部分现代科技的创新中发挥着直接的作用，例如，为使生活更轻松自如，我们靠他们才有了工具、材料、技术和能源等。第二段The field of engineering includes a wide variety of activities. For example, engineering projects range from the construction of huge dams to the design of tiny electronic circuits. Engineers may help produce guided missiles, industrial robots, or artificial limbs for the physically handicapped. They develop complex scientific equipment to explore the reaches of outer space and the depths of the oceans. Engineers also plan our electric power and water supply systems,and do research to improve automobiles, television sets, and other consumer products. They may work to reduce environmental pollution, increase the world's food supply, and make transportation faster and safer.
第二段工程学领域包括有各种不同的活动。比如，工程项目涵盖内容可大到水坝的建设，小到细微的电子线路的设计。工程师可以帮助生产导弹、工业用机器人或为身体有残疾的人生产假肢。他们开发复杂的科学设备来勘探外层窄间和海洋深处。工程师还为我们规划电力和供水系统，研究改善汽车、电视机以及其他消费品。他们致力于减少环境污染，增加世界粮食的供应，以及使运输更加快捷和安全。第五段Distinct branches of engineering began to develop during the Industrial Revolution. The term civil engineer was first used about 1750 by John Smeaton, a British engineer. Mechanical engineers emerged as specialists in industrial machjnery, and mining and metallurgical engineers were needed to supply metals and fuels. By the late 1800s, the development of electric power and advances in chemical processing had created the fields of electrical and chemical engineering. Professional schools began to be founded as the demand for engineers steadily increased.第五段在工业革命期间，工程学的不同分支开始出现。1750年，英国工程师——约翰，斯密顿，首先使用土木工程师这一词忙。机械工程师是指工业机械方面的专家，而金属和燃料方面的供应则需要有采矿和冶金工程师。到19世纪末期，电力的发展和化学加工的进步创建了电机和化
学工程学。由于对工程师的需求不断增加，人们开始建立职业学校。第六段Since 1900, the number of engineers and of engineering specialities has expanded dramatically. Artificial hearts, airplanes, computers, lasers, nuclear energy, plastics, space travel, and television are only a few of the scientific and technological breakthroughs that engineers have helped bring about in this century. Because science and technology are progressing and changing so rapidly, today's engineers must study throughout their careers to make sure that their knowledge and expertise do not become obsolete. They face the challenging task of keeping pace with the latest advances while working to shape the technology of the future.第六段自从1900年以来，工程师以及工程专业的数目大规模扩大。人工心胜、飞机、计算机、激光、核能、塑料、太空旅行和电视等只是工程师在本世纪所进行的科学技术创新的一小部分。因为科学技术在飞速发展和变化，工程师在从事其事业的过程中必须不断学习以确保他们的知识和专门技能不过时。在致力于未来技术发展的同时，他们面临着跟上最新技术的挑战。第七段The field of engineering offers a broad range of job opportunities. Engineers may work in factories, offices, and government laboratories or at construction sites. Some engineers are involved in the research and development of new products. Others are responsible for turning plans and specifications for new structures, machines, or systems into reality. Still others use their background and training to sell and service technical equipment. Many engineers work on projects in teams that include scientists, technicians, and other engineers, however, some engineers act as independent consultants who sell their services to people who need engineering assistance.Engineers may also hold teaching positions or move up into management positions in business.第七段工程学领域提供了大量的工作机会。工程师可以在工厂、办公室、政府实验室，或者施工场地工作。有的工程师可能进行新产品的研发。有的工程师可能负责将新结构、新机械和新系统的设计及说明书付诸于实施。还有一些其他的工程师运用他们的知识背景和所受的训练来销售技术设备或进行技术设备维护。很多工程师与他人一起做项目，这个集体中包括科学家、技师和其他工程师等；但是，也有一些工程师是作为独立的顾问，向那些需要技术支持的人出售他们的服务。工程师还可能任教职，或者从事企业的管理工作。第八段Certain abilities and traits help qualify a person for an engineering career. Engineers must have technical aptitude and skill in mathematics and the sciences. They should be curious about the " how" and " why" of natural and mechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things, able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well-both orally and in writing, and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines. In addition, skill in directing and supervising other workers is an important part of many engineering jobs.第八段成为工程事业的合格人才应具备一定的能力和特征。工程师必须有数学和科学领域的天资与技能。他们要对自然事物和机械事物的“如何”和“为什么”等问题充满好奇心，能够创造性地发现开展工作的新方法，能够有步骤地、逻辑地分析问题，善于口头上和书面上的沟通，能够接受紧缩的预算和较紧的工期。另外，对于很多工程住务，指挥和监督其他工作人员的技巧也是很重要的。
标题三Managers for the Twenty-first Century By Lester Thurow题目三21世纪的管理者
第一段Historical developments of the past half century and the invention of modern telecommunication and transportation technologies have created a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy.第一段过去半个世纪的历史发展和现代通讯与运输技术的发明已创造出了全球经济。实际上，美国的经济已消亡，取而代之的是全球经济。第二段In the future there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in 'Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with foreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign firms, or acquire financing from foreign banks.第二段展望未来，美国的管理者将不复存在。即使菜人整个管理生涯都在堪萨斯市度过，他也是在从事国际性管理。他或她将与外国公司竞争。从外围公司采购，向外国公司销售，或者从外国银行筹措资金。第三段The globalization of the world's capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms. 第三段过去10年世界资本市场出现的全球化在未来Lo年中也将在整个经济中重现。超过国界的视角已成为管理的重点，缺乏这样的视角，管理者就会处于愚昧的经营状态，也无法理解他们和他们的公司究竟发生了什么。第四段Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will be employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a smaller fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will require changes in the traditional methods of managing the work force. 第四段由于部分是经济的全球化。部分是人口统计方面的原因，下个世纪的劳动力构成将与即将过去的这个世纪有很大不同。大多数公司将雇佣更多外籍人员。很有可能你的老板和你不是同一国人。人口统计和不断变化中的社会习俗意味着，随着妇女和少数民族重要性的增加。白人男子在劳动力群体中所占比例将会减少。所有这些因素都要求对劳动力管理的传统方法加以变革。第七段To be on top of this situation, tomorrow's managers will have to have a strong background in organizational psychology, human relations, and labor economics. The MIT Sloan School of Management attempts to advance our understanding in these areas through research and then quickly bring the fruits of this new research to our students so that they can be leading-edge managers when it comes to the
human side of the equation.第七段要想控制局势，明天的管理者必须在组织心理学、人际关系和劳动经济学方面具备坚实的基础。麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院力图通过研究来促进我们对这些领域的理解，然后再迅速把新研究的成果带给我们的学牛，以便在考虑管理方程式中人的因素时。他们可发挥前锋管理者的作用。第八段The first three decades after World War II were unusual in that the United States had a huge technological lead over all of the rest in the world. In a very real sense the world was not technologically competitive. American firms did not have to worry about their technological competitiveness because they were superior.第八段二战后的头30年极不寻常，闲为那时美闰在技术上远远领先于世界其他各国。完全可以说，当时世界上不存在技术竞争。美国公司因为处于优势地位而不必担心自己的技术竞争力。第九段But that world has disappeared. Today we live in a world where American firms no longer have automatic technological superiority. In some areas they are still ahead, in some areas they are average, and in some areas they are behind, but on average they are average.第九段可是，那样的世界已经消失了。今天，在我们所生活的世界中，美国公司已不再是自然而然地具有技术上的优势。在某些领域他们依然领先，在另一些领域他们处于中等水平，而在有些领域他们已经落伍，但平均来说他们处于中等水平。第十段What this means is that American managers have to understand the forces of technical change in ways that were not necessary in the past. Conversely, managers from the rest of the第十段这意味着，美国管理者必须一反过去认为不必要的心态，以新的方式理解技术变化的力量。相反，世界其他地区的管理者知道，如果他们比美国竞争对手更好地理解技术变化的力量，那么他们现在就有可龍凌驾于美国竞争对手之上。第十一段The globalization of the world's capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.第十一段在未来的世界中，不论管理者在公司里的职能任务是什么，他们都不能是技术盲。他们不必是发明新技术的科学家或工程师，但是，他们必须成为懂得对新技术何时该投资、何时不该投资的管理者。如果他们不理解发生的事情，技术实际上也已成为“黑匣子”的话，那么他们就无法作出变革。他们将是输家，而非赢家。
题目四How the Rich Got Rich-and You Could Too Condensed from "LEARN TO EARN" By Peter Lynch and John Rothchild题目四富豪是如何致富的——你也能做到
第一段Every year Forbes magazine prits The Forbes Four Hundred, a list of the richest individuals in the United States. This issue makes for interesting reading because it tells how these people made their money and how the country has changed over the years. 第一段每年《福布斯》杂志都要公布美国最富有的400人排行榜。该杂志颇能激发人们的阅读兴趣，因为它不仅告诉你这些富翁是如何赚到钱的，而且迂间接地显示了美国这些年来所发生的种种变化。
第二段When Forbes published its first list in 1982 , five of the top ten were in the Hunt family that drilled Texas full of holes and hit a lot of gushers, which reminds us of advice attributed to billionaire J. Paul Getty on how to get ahead in the world: rise early, work hard, strike oil. Getty got his big start the old-fashioned way-from his father’s money.第二段当《福布斯~1982年首次公布排行榜肘，榜中前10名大富豪中有5名属于亨持家族。这个家族是靠在得克萨斯州从事大范围的油井钻探业，打出了许多自喷井而致富的。这就使人想起亿万富翁J．保罗·盖蒂所提出的关于怎样出人头地的忠告：勤奋早起，埋头苦于，打井找油。但盖蒂本人最初却是以古老的方式——继承父辈的遗产起家的。
第三段The original list 14 years ago was crawling with Rockefellers, and Du Ponts , a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or two-all great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century. The word "inheritance" appeared in the biographies 75 times. 第三段14年前跻身于最初排行榜的富豪中有相当一部分属于洛克菲勒家族、杜邦家族，有一个来自弗里克家族，一个来自惠特尼家族，梅隆家族也有一两个——而所有这些大家族的财富均可追溯到19世纪。“遗产”这个词在传记中出现了75次。
of what they want. Just behind Gates on the 1995 list is Warren Buffett, who made over $12 billion picking stocks. Buffett could be considered the greatest stocks picker in history. Most of his gains come from stocks in familiar companies you could
buy for yourself, such as Coca-Cola, Gillette and the Washington Post Co.第七段今天的具有霉雷肖，艾尔格笔下主人公特征的富豪们往往来自平凡的背景，他们攀上巅蜂靠的是胆识、运气以及有清楚的奋斗目标。1995年《福布斯》排行榜上，位居比尔。盖茨之后的是沃伦，巴菲特，他靠炒股赚了不下120亿美元。巴菲特可以被认为是有史以来最优秀的选股高手，他的大部分收益来自一些我们自己也能购到其股票的公司，如可口可乐公司、吉列公司和V华盛顿邮报》公司等。
Bill Gates, the Microsoft whiz, left Harvard to tinker with software and developed the operating brain that is installed in nearly every personal computer. Kirk Kerkorian, a junior-high dropout and son of an Armenian (亞美尼-IV-) immigrant fruit farmer, made millions from Hollywood deals and Las Vegas properties and is now a major Chrysler stockholder. Ted Turner of Turner Broadcasting was booted from Brown University, although he later went back to graduate.第八段有一个令人吃惊的“退学族”也跻身于如0位富豪中。比尔。盖茨，那位微软的大能人，没有上完哈佛大学就去钻研软件，开发出一种几乎每台个人电脑都安装的工作大脑。凯尔克·科考里安这个从亚美尼亚移民来的果农的儿子，早在读初中时就退了学。他在与好莱坞的几笔交易以及拉斯维加斯的房地产中赚了数百万美元，如今他成为克莱斯勒汽车公司的大股东。拥有特纳广播公司的泰德，特纳曾被布朗大学开除，尽管他后来又返回学校参加了毕业典礼。
By the time he was 31, he and his partner, Dean L. Buntrock, had built the business into the world's largest waste-services company, Waste Management, Inc. Later he turned his attention to a Dallas video-rental store that he built into Blockbuster Video.第九段哈里。韦恩，侏塞加也是一名大学退掌生。他凭一辆破旧的卡车开始干起了垃圾装运业。休塞加31岁时与合伙人迪安．L，本特罗克一道，已将其企业变成世界上最大的废物处理公司——废品经营公司。之后，他把注意力转向达拉斯一家录像带租赁店，最终把它变成了布罗克巴斯录像租赁连锁店。
land a decent job without a college education. Today it's nearly impossible. Also, every one of them had mastered the basic skills they needed to succeed inbusiness. They didn't drop out to avoid work-they dropped out to start a company or devote themselves to an interest. 第十段然而，你可不要因为这些人从学校退学就效法他们。要知道，在他们创业的那些年代，没有大学文凭就能找到体面的工作还是可能的。但在今天，这几乎是不可能的事情。而且，他们中每个人都掌握了在商业活动中取得成功的基本技能。他们退学并不是逃避工作——实际上他们都是为了创办一家公司，或去从事自己感兴趣的事业。
. 标题五Kicking the Big-Car Habit标题五改掉购买大型车的习惯第一段The commercial exploitation of crude oil has been among the most liberating technologies the world has ever known. When pumped through an internal combustion engine stuck in a metal box, refined oil has given freedom of movement to billions. Before the automobile, the life experience of most of those who lived in the rich world were limited-as in much of the poor world they remain-to neighborhood and family. When shot through gas turbines on wings, oil has shrunk the planet in a way that was once the stuff of science fiction. Neither of my parents ever flew; both my children had flown 30,000 miles before they were 2 years old,第一段对原油的商业开采是世界上最具解放性的技术应用之一。精炼油在被抽吸进固定于金属箱中的内燃发动机后，就赋予了几十亿人行动的自由。在汽车发明前，多数富裕地区人们的生活——如同多数贫穷地区的人们目前依旧未变的处境一样——只局限于社区和家庭。而石油，往注人飞机上的燃气轮机后，就像昔日科幻小说中描述的那样，便让地球缩小了。我的父母从来乘坐过飞机，而我的两个位子2岁前就已经乘坐飞机飞越了30000英里。
第二段But on Sept. 11, 2001, the world was reminded that oil is also a dangerous drug. The cheapest, most easily accessible oil reserves are in the Middle East, the most volatile region on earth. Future supplies of oil will be costly not simply in terms of dollars and cents but also in their effect on the environment. As those in poor countries dream of the same freedom of move ment that the wealthy have enjoyed for a century, oil's polluting effects will only get worse. The number of cars in Beijing, for example, is growing 150/o a year, contributing to the yellow-gray haze that often envelops the city.第二段但是2001年9月11日警醒了世人，人们认识到石油也是一种危险的毒品。世界上最廉价、最容易开采的石油储备位于中东，这是地球上最动荡不安的地区。未来的石油供应代价会很高昂，这不仅体现在价格方而，更体现在其对环境的影响上。由于贫穷国家的人们梦想享有富人们长达一个世纪的那种行动自由，石油造成的污染影响只会更糟。比如北京的汽车数量正在以is%的速度递增，而这正是造成时常笼罩在北京上空的灰黄色烟雾的原因之一。
第三段For all these reasons, it makes sense to dream of a world that is far, far less dependent on oil than it is now. Winning the O// Endgame: American Innovation for Projzts, Jobs and SecuriOP, written by a team led by Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute in Snowmass, Colo. , is one of the best analyses of energy policy yet produced. Lovins, who has been preaching the need for fuel efficiency for some 30 years, thinks big. His aim is to promote a set of policies that over the next two decades would save half the oil the U. S. uses, before moving to a hydrogen-based economy that dispenses with oil altogether ( save for possible use as a fuel to produce hydrogen). If that seems hopelessly Utopian, Lovins reminds us that we have done something very like it before. Spurred by the oil price shocks of the 1970s, the United States between 1977 and 1985 increased efficiency and cut oil consumption 17% ( and net oil imports 500/o ) while the economy grew 27%. The key to that revolution was a huge increase in average miles-pergallon of the U. S. automobile fleet. If we had continued to increase energy efficiency at the same rate, the stability of Iraq and Saudi Arabia would by now be of minor concern to the U. S.policymakers. Instead, we bought SUVS and wasted two decades.第三段由于上述种种原因，期盼世界大大降低对石油的依赖性就很合理了。科罗拉多州斯诺迈斯市洛基山研究所的艾默里·洛文斯领导的一个团队撰写的《赢得石油残局：为盈利、就业和安全而进行的美国革新》一书足迄今为止最好的能源政策分析报告之一。洛文斯雄心勃勃，近30年来他一直在倡导提高能源的利用效率。他的目标是促使政府通过一系列政策，在经济发展转变为以氢能源为基础，彻底摆脱石油（除了可能用来生产氢）之前，在未来20年中使美国的石油消费量节省一半。这看起来似乎过于空想，洛文斯则提醒说我们以前做过与此非常类似的事情。由于受到20世纪70年代石油价格飙升的刺激，美国在1977年到1985年间提高厂石油利用效率，石油消耗量降低了17%（石油进口净额戒少了50%）。
标题六The Advertising of a Product标题六产品的广告
第一段A consumer walks into a store. He stands in front of hundreds of boxes of laundry detergent.He chooses one brand, pays for it, and leaves. Why does he pick that specific kind of soap? Is it truly better than the others? Probably not. These days, many products are nearly identical to one another in quality and price. If products are almost the same, what makes consumers buy one
brand instead of another? Although we might not like to admit it, commercials on television and advertisements in magazines probably influence us much more than we think they do.第一段一个消费者走进了-家商店，在琳琅满目的洗涤剂前驻足。他挑中了一个牌子，、付钱，然后离开。他为什么要选择那种品牌的肥皂？和其他产品相比，它真的要好一些吗？恐怕未必。如今。许多产品在质量和价格上都极其相似。如果这些产品之间没什么差别，是什么促使消费者购买某个品牌的产品而不买其他品牌的呢？尽管我们也许不愿意承认，但尾电视上和杂志中的商业广告对我们的影响可能比我们所想象的还要大。
第二段Advertising informs consumers about new products available on the market. It gives us in-
formation about everything from shampoo to toothpaste to computers and cars. But there is one serious problem with us. The "information" is actually very often misinformation. It tells us the products' benefits but hides their disadvantages. Advertising not only leads us to buy things that we don't need and can't afford, but also confuses our sense of reality. "Zoom toothpaste pre vents cavities and gives you white teeth!" the advertisement tells us. But it doesn't tell us the complete truth: that a healthy diet and a good toothbrush will have the same effect.第二段广告为消费者提供市场上出现的新产品的信息。它为我们提供从洗发露到牙膏，电脑和汽车的一切信息。但是这里，对我们来说，有＝个严重的问题：这些信息往往是失真的。它告诉我们这些产品的优点却有意隐瞒了它们的缺点。广告不仅诱使我们买那些我们并不需要而且是买不起的东西，同时还混淆了我们的真实感。广告中说“活力牌牙膏防止蛀牙，让您拥有洁白牙齿“，但并没有讲出实施的全部真相，即健康的饮食结构和一把好的牙刷也能够起到同样的效果。
第三段Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfect lives. Advertisements show us who we aren't and what we don't have. Our teeth aren't white enough. Our hair isn't shiny enough. Our clothes aren't clean enough. Advertisements make us afraid that people won't like us if we don't use the advertised products. "Why don't I have any dates?" an attractive young woman sadly asks in a commercial. "Here," replies her roommate, "try Zoom toothpaste! " Of course she tries it, and immediately the whole football team falls in love with her. "That's a stupid commercial," we might say. But we still buy Zoom toothpaste out of fear of being unpopular and having no friends. If fear is the negative motive for buying a product, then wanting a good image is the positive reason for choosing it. Each of us has a mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be. For example, a modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star. A middle-aged man might want to see himself as a strong attractive athlete. Advertisers know this. They write specific ads to make certain groups of people choose their product. Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price, amount, and quality; each person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand. 第三段广告商会使用许多方法来让我们买他们的产品，其中最有用的就是让我们对自己和我们不完美的生活现状感到不满。广告要证明我们还成为不了xxx，我们还没有……。比如我们的牙齿不够洁白，我们的头发不够闪亮，我们的衣 不够干净。广告让我们担心如果我们不用这些广告产品我们就会不受欢迎。“为什么没有人和我约会？”一个迷人的年轻女人在广告中伤心地问道。“给，”她的室友回答，“试试活力牌牙膏。”当然，她这样做了，而且马上整个足球队都爱上了她。我们可能会说：“那是一个愚蠢的广告。”但是我们仍然会去买活力牌牙膏，因为我们担心会不受欢迎，甚至没有朋友。如果这种担心的心理是我们消费产品的消极理由，那么希望自己有一个好的形象则是我们选择这种产品的积极理由了。每个人的心中都有一个自己想成为的形象。比如，年轻时尚的女子可能希望自己长得像一个漂亮的电影明星；一个中年男子想让自己看起来像一个强壮富有魅力的运动员。广告商很清楚这一点。他们设计一些有针对性的广告来让某些人群购买他们的产品。两个人所选择的可能是两个不同品牌的牙膏，即使这两种牙膏有着相间的价格、数量和质量。每个人都相信通过购买自己的品牌可以表达自己的个性。
第四段Advertisers get psychologists to study the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another. These experts tell advertisers about the motives of fear and self-image. They also inform them about recent studies with colors and words. Psychologists have found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different colors. Also, certain words attract our attention. For example, the words 'snew," "improved," "natural," and"giant size" are very popular and seem to draw our eyes and hands toward the package.第四段广告商让心理学家们研究消费者的思维方式，以及他们会选择一种品牌而不是另外一种品牌的理由。而这些专家们则会告诉他们有关担心顾虑以及自我形象所引发的动机。他们还会告知广告商们有关颜色和用词的最新研究。心理学家们发现。右吸引力的产品。其包装[：的特定颜色会使人们伸手去取它，而不会去买另一种颜色的相同产品。而且，包装上特有的词语会引起我们的注意，比如“最新”，“改进”，“纯天然”以及“加大装”这些词语已经非常流行了，而且也似乎起到吸引我们的眼球并动手去取该产品的效果。
第五段Many people believe that advertising does not affect them. They feel that they have freedom of choice, and they like to think they make wise choices. Unfortunately, they probably don't realize the powerful effect of advertising. They may not clearly understand that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in aggressive competition for our money, and they are extremely successful. Do you believe that ads don't influence your choice of products? Just look at the brands in your kitchen and bathroom.第五段很多人认为他们是不受广告影响的。他们觉得他们有选择的自由。并且总是认为他们做出了明智的选择。遗憾的是，
他们可能没有认识到广告的强大作用。他们可能没有清楚地理解…个事实：广告商们为「争夺我们口袋电的钱，每年要花几十亿美元，而且他们取得了极大的成功。你觉得广告没有影响你对产品的选择吗？看看你厨房和浴章里的那些产品的品牌吧。
标题七A Simple Truth About Happiness If you're waiting for it, you've missed the point By Dennis Prager From "HAPPINESS IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM"标题七有关幸福的简单事实如果你在等待幸福，你便是坐失良机了
一段Each of us owes it to our spouses, our children, our friends to be as happy as we can be.Anyone can be unhappy; it takes no courage or effort. True achievement lies in struggling to be happy. 一段们的配偶、孩子、朋友，我们每一个人都自责任尽可能感受幸福。任何人都能感到不幸福，这样做既无需勇气，也无需努力。努力使自己感受到幸福才是真正的成就。
二段The concept that we have to work at happiness comes as news to many people. We assume it's a feeling that comes as a result of good things that just happen to us, things over which we have little or no control.二段于很多人来说，我们需要努力感受幸福的这种说法可能是前所未闻的，我们认为幸福是一种遇上好事后的感觉，而这些好事是不受或者几乎不受我们控制的。
三段But the opposite is true: happiness is largely under our control. It is a battle to be waged and not a feeling to be awaited. 三段事实正好相反：幸福在很大程度上处于我们的控制之中。它是一场要进行的战斗，而不是一种可等待来的感觉。
四段To achieve a happier life, it's necessary to overcome some obstacles, three of which are: 四段获得更幸福的生活，必须克服一些障碍，其中三种是：
“Missing Tile" Syndrome “缺瓦”综合征
十三段One effective way of damaging happiness is to look at something and fixate on even the smallest flaw. It's like looking up at a tiled ceiling and concentrating on the space where one'tile is missing. As a bald man told me, "Whenever I enter a room, all I see is hair. "
十三段破坏幸福的一个有效的方式就是看某样东西时，连最小的缺陷也都盯着不放。这就像抬头看铺了瓦的屋顶并将注意力集中在缺了一片瓦的地方。如同一个秃顶的人对我说过的：”不管什么时候走进一个房间，我看到的就只有头发。”
十四段Once you've determined what your missing tile is, explore whether acquiring it will really make you happy. Then do one of three things: get it, replace it with a different tile, or forget a-bout it and focus on the tiles in your life that are not missing.十四段一旦确定了你缺的瓦片是什么，就该研究得到它是否真的会使你感到幸福。然后做以下三件事中的一件：得到它，用不同的瓦片取代它，或者十脆忘掉它并将注意力集中在你生活中不缺瓦片的那些地方。
十五段I've spent years studying happiness, and one of the most significant conclusions I've drawn is this: there is little correlation between the circumstances of people's lives and how happy they are. A moment's reflection should make this obvious. We all know people who have had a relatively easy life yet are essentially unhappy. And we know people who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy.十五段我花了许多年来研究幸福，我得出的最重要的结论之一是；人们的生活境况与他们的幸福程度之间几乎没有什么关系。略加思索就很清楚了。我们都知道有些人生活比较舒适但实质上不幸福。我们也知道有些人受了很多苦却总能保持快乐心境。
十六段The first secret is gratitude. All happy people are grateful. Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to complain, but it's truer to say that complaining leads to people becoming unhappy. 十六段第一个秘诀是感激。所有幸福的人都心怀感激，不知感激的人不可能幸福。我们习惯认为感觉不幸福会导致人们抱怨，其实更确切的说法是抱怨会使人变得不幸福。
十七段The second secret is realizing that happiness is a byproduct of something else. The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives purpose-anything from studying insects to playing baseball. The more passions we have, the more happiness we're likely to experience.十七段第二个秘诀是认识到幸福是某种别的东西的副产品。幸福最明硅的来源是那些给我们生活带来目的的追求——从研究昆虫到打棒球，任何事都行。热情越高，我们可能感受到的幸福也就越多。
十八段inally, the belief that something permanent transcends us and that our existence has some larger meaning can help us be happier. We need a spiritual or religious faith, or a philosophy of life.十八段最后，相信有某种永恒的东西超越我们，相信我们的存在具有某种更大的意义，这可以便我们更幸福。我们需要-种精神或宗教的信仰，或者足一种生活的哲学。
十九Whatever your philosophy, it should include this truism: if you choose to find the positive in almost every situation, you will be blessed, and if you choose to find the awful, you will be cursed. As with happiness itself, this is largely your decision to make. 十九段不管你的原则是什么，它应包括这样一个不言而喻的道理：如果你在几乎所有环境里都决定注意积极的东西，你会感到幸福；但如果你决定注意糟糕的东西，你会太吃苦头。就像幸福一样，这在很大程度上电取决于你自己。
标题八The Coming Age of Talking Computers By Elton John标题八话语电脑时代的来临一段The voice-in/voice-out ( VIVO) computer will be the last nail in written language's coffin.By enabling us to access stored information orally-aurally, talking computers will finally make it possible for us to replace all written language with spoken language. With this giant step forward into the past, we're about to recreate oral culture on a more efficient and reliable technological foundation. 一段根据达尔文进化论的观点，书面语言是使人类的口语文化从第一黄金时代跨越至第二黄金时代的桥梁。我们经历厂这
段历程，所以我们作为一个物种生存了下来。6千到l万年前，那时我们没有能力靠记忆储存和提取越来越多的生存信息。我们面临两种选择：开发新的储存检索技术或自行毁灭。这就是我们建造书面语言这座桥梁的历史背景和原因。
二段From a Darwinian perspective, written language is the bridge spanning humanity's first golden age of oral culture to the second. We undertook this journey to survive as a species. Six thousand t0 10,000 years ago we lacked the ability to store and retrieve by memory the growing sum of survival information; we faced two options: develop new storage-retrieval technology or self-destruct. That's when and why we created the written language bridge. 二段基于本能，人类懂得不能储存和检索信息，我们的生存就会受到威胁。现在，书面语言已达其极限，面对这样的事实，我们也正在本能地作出反应，即并正让我们失望。
三段Humans instinctively understand that any failure in our ability to store and retrieve informa tion is a threat to our survival. Now, we are instinctively reacting to the fact that written lan guage has hit its limits and is failing us. 三段说它让我们失犟，首先是因为它巳不再能做我们当初创造它时希望它做的工作。对大多数能读会写的人来说，通过写作和阅读来交流，储存和检索信息比通过说话来做这些事情速度慢得多，也费力得多。
九段Before humans developed written language, they accessed stored information by speaking and listening, as well as by seeing, smelling, tasting, and touching. They relied on their memories to store information that they gathered through their senses and retrieved it for others by speaking and acting.九段电子技术发达的国家正在目睹阅读和写作的全面摒弃，包括对书面语言本身的摒弃，代之而起的，是口语文化的重新塑造。推动开发语音识别技术和我们可以与之说话也能对我们回话的能听会说的电脑，是这次演变飞跃的一部分。
十段With the onset of the agricultural revolution 6,000 t0 10,000 years ago, people's memories were no longer efficient and reliable enough to store and retrieve the increasing influx of new information. To transcend their memories' limits, our ancestors came up with a remarkable solution: written language.十段在人类创造书面语言以前，他们通过视觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉以及说话和聆听来获取储存的信息。他们依赖他们的记忆来储存他们用感官收集的信息，并且通过说话和表演寒使其他人明白这些信息。自从6千到l万年前的农业革命开始后，人们的记忆力不再能够有效和可靠地储存和检索越来越大量的新信息。为了超越记忆力的局限，我们的祖先想出了一个绝妙的解决办法；创造书面语言。
十一段I exaggerate this point somewhat to help lay the groundwork for a different view of written language. Throughout this article, I characterize written language as a technology, a technological solution to specific information storage and retrieval problems that people faced at a specific moment in history. Written language isn't an eternal verity. We can admire it, but we shouldn't worship it.十一段对这一点我之所以有所夸张是为了为另一种与书面语言有关的观点打好基础。在整个这篇文章中，我把书面语言当作一种技术，当作历史上特定时期人们面对特定信息的储存和检索而想出来的一种技术上的解决办法。书面语言并不是永恒的真理。我们仰慕它，但我们不应该崇拜它。
十二段We developed written language to store and retrieve information, and we are developing talking computers to perform the very same function. Because talking computers will do it more easily, quickly, efficiently, universally, and cheaply, they will replace written language. Simple.十二段当初我们创造书面语言来储存和检索信息，现在我们正开发话语电脑来行使同样的功能。因为话语电脑能更容易、更快、更有效、更普遍、更便宜地来完成任务，所以电脑将取代书面语言，就这么简单。
十三段With written language about to make its exit, and its replacement already stepping through our front door, it is vital that we see written language clearly for what it is: a transitory technology. This reality check will help us prepare ourselves to say goodbye to it and to welcome back its replacement: our old friend, spoken language.十三段随着书面语言的即将退出历史舞台，取代者的脚步已跨人我们的前门，我们必须清醒地认识书面语为何物：一种过渡性的技术。书面语在现实中的行不通有助于我们告别书面语言，并迎接它的取代物——我们的老朋友，口语的归来。
标题九Mind Games心智游戏
一段Can studying the human brain revolutionise economics?一段对人脑的研究能够使经济学发生革命性的变化口屿？
二段Although Plato compared the human soul to a chariot pulled by the two horses of reason and emotion, modern economics has mostly been a one-horse show. It has been obsessed with reason. In decisions from how much to produce to whether to save and invest, humans have been assumed to be coolly rational calculators of their own self-interest. Over the past few years,however, evidence from psychology has persuaded many economists that reason does not always have its way. Now, judging from a series of presentations at the American Economic Association meetings in Philadelphia last weekend, a burgeoning new field dubbed "neuroeconomics"seems poised to provide fresh insights on how the two horses together produce economicbehaviour.二段虽然柏拉图把人的灵魂比作由理性和感性两匹马拉的战车，可是现代经济学主要还是由一匹马表演，现代经济学所戈注的依然是理性。在决策过程中，从生产多少到要储蓄还是要投资的问题，人类都被理所当然地看作是为了自身利益的冷酷的理性计算器。可是，在过去的几年里，心理学研究提供的证据使得许多经济学家看到理性往往是不能畅行其道的，从上周末在费城召开的美国经济协会会议上的一系列发言中，我们可以看到，目前正兴起一个新的研究领域，被戏称为“神经经济学”。该
研究领域正跃跃欲试地提供一个新的研究视角，说明人类的经济行为是两匹马协同作用的产物。
三段The current bout of research is made possible by the arrival of new technologies such as functional magnetic-resonance imaging, which allows second-by-second observation of brain activity. At several American universities, economists and their collaborators in the neurosciences have been placing human subjects in such brain scanners and asking them to perform a variety of economic tasks and games.三段这一新研究领域之所以形成可能是由于它得益于一系列新技术的出现，比如，棱磁共振成像技术，这一技术使得人们可以对大脑的活动进行实时观察。在几所美国大学中，经济学家和神经科学家在神经科学方面一起合作，用人脑扫描仪剥被试刘象进行扫描，让他们完成各种经济领域的任务和尝试。
四段For example, the idea that humans compute the " expected value" of future events is central to many economic models. Whether people will invest in shares or buy insurance depends on how they estimate the odds of future events weighted by the gains and losses in each case. Your pension, for example, might have a very low expected value if there is a large probability that bonds and shares will plunge just before you retire. 四段例如，人们是如何来计算未来事件的“预期值”是很多经济模型的一个核心问题。人们选择投资股票还足买保险取决于肘每个未来事件成败可能性的估计。比如，如果刚好在体退休葡证券和股票很有可能下滑，那么你的退休金就可能有很低的预期值，
五段Brian Knutson, of Stanford University, carried out one recent brain-scan experiment to understand how humans compute such things. Subjects were asked to perform a task, in this case pressing a button during a short interval in which a certain shape was flashed on to a screen. In some trials, the subjects could win up to $ 5 if successful, while in others they would have to defend against a $5 loss. Before presenting the target, the researchers signalled to subjects which kind of trial they were in.五段斯坦福大学的布里安·纳森最近做过一个大脑扫描实验，要搞清人类是怎样做这些计算的。他让被试者执行一个任务，让他们在看见某种特定的形状在屏幕上闪现的时候按卜按钮，在一些测试中，若被试者成功完成仟务，就获得多至5美元的奖励；而在另一些测试中，被试者如果失误，就要被扣掉5美元。研究者在交代所要达到的目标之前，要用信号告之被试者他们在做哪一种测试。
六段Brain activity in certain neural systems seemed to reveal a strong correlation with the amount of money at stake. Moreover, the prospects of gains and losses activated different parts of the brain. Traditional economists had long thought-or assumed-that the prospect of a $ 1,000 gain could compensate you for an equally likely loss of the same size. In subsequent trials, subjects were given another signal: one that provided an estimate of the odds of success. That allowed the researchers to identify the regions of the brain used for recognising an amount of money and for estimating the probability of winning ( or losing) it. Having identified these regions, the hope is that future work can measure how the brain performs in situations such as share selection, gambling or deciding to participate in a pension scheme.六段特定神经系统的大脑活动似乎与将要得到或失去的钱的多少有很大的相艾性。而且，得失的前景可激活大脑的不同部分。传统的经济学家一直认为——或者是假定——预期获得的Ⅱ千美元能够使被试者大体抵消可能出现的同样数目的金钱损失。在接下去的测试中，给被试者另外一种信号：它可以给出被试者对成功机会的评估。这就使得研究者能够识别出被试者在辩证所得金钱的数目时和评估获得（或足失去）这笔钱的概率时大脑的哪些区域参与了活动。确定了大脑的活动区域后，我们期望在将来能够摘清楚大脑在选择股票、赌博或是决定参加哪项退休金计划等情况下是怎样执行任务的。
七段David Laibson, an econom.ist at Harvard University, thinks that such experiments underscore the big role that expectations play in a person's well-being. Economists have usually assumed that people's well-being, or "utility", depends on their level of consumption, but it might be that changes in consumption, especially unexpected downward ones, as in these experiments, can be especially unpleasant.七段哈佛大学经济学家戴维。莱布森认为这些实验强调丫“预期”在一个人的“福利“中所超的巨大作用。经济学家通常认为人们的”福利”或”效用”取决于各自的消费水平，但是也有这种可能：消费变化，尤其是在像这些实验中出现的事与愿违的消费下滑时，人们会感到特别的不快。
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 29 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue．Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Robert: How annoying. I can’t figure out a solution to this problem. Can you help me? Anderson: __________. A. How stupid you are. The problem is too easy to disturb me. B. Well, I’m afraid I can’t at the moment. C. You shouldn’t feel annoyed. After all,it’s your own problem. D. OK. Though it’s beyond me, let me try. 2. Speaker A: Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the nearest post office? Speaker B: ________ A. OK. I’d like to go with you. B. Of course. Go down this street and turn le ft. C. Sorry. I’m busy now. Go away. D . No problem. It’s my pleasure to direct you. 3. Customer: I need some aspirin, please, and I'd also like to get this prescription filled．
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英Unit1-15) Unit 1 B. 1. 她计划自己创业。 She plans to set up her own business 2. 态度也很重要。 Attitude also matters. 3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了. She had polished all the furniture before the gusts arrived. 4. 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道handle Some managers have no idea how to handle people. 5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record) We finished the work in record time. 6. 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。She likes everything to be in place before she starts working. 7. 她常常一天工作12小时。（put in） She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day. 8. 他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire） He acquired the information from the newspapers. 9. 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺. ( Associate professor 副教授lecturer 讲师) There’s an opening for an assistant in our department. 10. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊. The organization works to promote friendship between nations. Unit2 B. 1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。（likely） She is very likely to ring me tonight. 2. 我看不懂这篇文章（beyond） Understanding this article is beyond my capacity. 3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform） A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。（result in） Acting before thinking always results in failure. 5. 他估计那项工作需要三个月。（estimate） He estimated that the work would take three months. 6. 我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。 We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our two countries. 7. 新机场必将推动这个地区的旅行业。 The new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region. 8. 网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。 Net economy will have significant influence on the people’s life. 9. 在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。 At the yesterday’s meeting, he brought forward a new plan for the economic development.
0501 戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟. 吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少. It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago. 0506 本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观
硕士研究生考试英语高频词汇表 ［A］charge ［A］指控 ［B］curse ［B］诅咒 ［C］accuse ［C］控告 ［D］scold ［D］责骂 ［A］abandon ［A］放弃 ［B］desert ［B］抛弃 ［C］injure ［C］伤害 ［D］punish ［D］惩罚 ［A］damage ［A］损害,伤害 ［B］spoil ［B］宠坏 ［C］hurt ［C］伤害 ［D］harm ［D］伤害 ［A］sentence ［A］判决 ［B］tear ［B］撕破 ［C］wreck ［C］(船,飞机的)失事 ［D］fatigue ［D］疲劳 ［A］release ［A］释放 ［B］relieve ［B］使宽慰，减轻 ［C］loosen ［C］放松，松弛 ［D］dismiss ［D］解散，解雇，驳回 ［A］grant ［A］同意,准予 ［B］entitle ［B］授权,给...权利 ［C］credit ［C］相信,信任,信贷 ［D］give ［D］交给 ［A］attraction ［A］吸引力 ［B］attention ［B］注意 ［C］arrangement ［C］安排 ［D］appointment ［D］约会 ［A］appoint ［A］任命,委派 ［B］order ［B］整顿 ［C］arrange ［C］安排 ［D］tidy ［D］整理 ［A］tip ［A］给...小费 ［B］offer ［B］提供 ［C］present ［C］赠送,提出,呈现 ［D］represent ［D］代表 ［A］equip ［A］装备 ［B］install ［B］安装 ［C］furnish ［C］供应 ［D］provide ［D］供应,供给
非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程 考试大纲 (试行稿) 《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》(Non English Major Graduate Stu dent English Qualifying Test，简称GET)是根据《非英语专业研究生英语(第一外语)教学大纲(试行稿)》制定的。本大纲规定了硕士生英语学位课程通过考试的内容、形式、时间和计分。考试目的在于考核已修完研究生英语课程的学生是否达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求，以及实际掌握和运用英语的能力。 一、基础英语部分 本考试共有六个部分：听力理解(占15%)、词汇(占10%)、完形填空(占15%)、阅读理解(30%)、翻译(占20%)、写作(占10%)。分两份试卷：试卷一(Paperl)包括前四个部分，共80题；试卷二(Paper2)包括翻译和写作，共3题。全部题目按顺序统一编号。 第一部分听力理解(Part I Listening Comprehension)；听力理解部分主要测试考生掌握听力材料中心思想和主要内容的能力，判断对话情景、场合、人物关系、身份和说话人的意图及话语含义的能力。共15题，考试时间为15分钟左右。主要测试考生能否一遍听懂语速为每分钟120个词的对话和短文。本部分共有二节： A节(Section A)：共9题，每题为一段对话。问句后有15秒间隙，要求考生从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 B节(Section B)：共6题，题目或为问句或为未完成的句子，分别安排在2—3篇听力材料之后。要求考生在15秒的间隙中从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 第二部分词汇(Part I Vocabulary)：词汇部分主要测试考生运用词汇和短语的能力。测试教学大纲的词汇表、词组表及词根词缀表所覆盖的内容。着重测试研究生阶段所学的词和基础词的多种词性及词义搭配、易混词的区别及难词的认知。词汇与词组的比例为7∶3。共20题，分A、B两节，考试为10分钟。 A节(Section A)：共10题。每题为一英文句，句中有一词或固定词组下面划有横线，要求从所给的四个选择项中选出该划线词或词组的最佳同义词或最佳释义。 B节(Section B)：共10题。每题为一英文句，句子中有一个空白，要求从所给的四个选择项中选出最恰当的词或词组使该句成为逻辑合理、表达正确的英文句。 第三部分完形填空(Part III Cloze Test)：主要测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力。测试内容可以是句型、结构，也可以是词汇、词组和习惯用语。共15题。考试时间为10分钟。测试的形式是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200—250词)
一.同义词 16.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. A. make fun of 17.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken. C. run away 18.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. B. disadvantages 19.Magazines are the fifth most important advertising medium, and magazine advertising requires a substantial investment from advertisers. D. considerable 20.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. C. improve 21.Because of the close collaboration of architect and builder, the building was completed ahead of schedule. B. joint work 22.After World War , the Vietnamese believed that the French would allow them to be an autonomous people. A. self-governing 23.Physical well-being presupposes that one should vary his diet and often have some wholesome food. C. healthful 24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement 25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar 单选 26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment. 27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows. 28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced . 29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day. 30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet. 31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake. 32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment. 34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another. 35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词 16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. C. was deprived of 17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. A. attack 18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in 19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling 20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. A. ideal 21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. C. frighten 22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. D. motive 23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B. excitement 24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. C. disadvantages 25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not a failure. A. adhere to 单选 26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise. 27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge the students to overcome them. 28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief's disguise. 29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment. 30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincides with hers. 31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupying related statuses. 32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at. 33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience. 34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. 三.同义词 16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. B. motive 17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted 18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm 19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. A. criterion 20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in 21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. B. attack 22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. A. was deprived of 23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statements were made. D. opposing 24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major 25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 单选 26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer is excessive smoking. 28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December. 31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and 32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secret information. 33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery. 35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached their destination at length.
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课 第一课 一、词形填空 1.They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends. 2.She was prooted to division manager last year. 3.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there. 4.His handing if these important issues was highly praised. 5.Thomas bought a new hat to repluce the one he had lost. 6.The movie received generally favorable reviews. 7.Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in. 8.Make sure you’re home bu midnight . 9.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot 10.The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. 二、词形转换 1、Open（n）—opening 2、persist（n）—persistence 3.succeed(n)----success 4.succeed(adj)---successful 5.important(n)----importance 6.promote(n)----promotion 7.depress(n)----depression 8.vlaue(adj)----valuable 9.loyal(n)----loyalty 10.favor(adj)---favorable 三、词换词 1. Obtain----aquire 2. Constant---loyal 3. Famous---noted 4. Frightened---startled 5.blame---responsibility 6. Worth doing---rewarding 7. Sincere----genuine 8.encountered---bumped into 9. Bought----purchased 10. At the end ----eventually 第二课 一、选择正确的词或词组填空 1.Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 2.The competition among these companies at the printing market has become very intense in this city. 3.To date, We have not received any replies from them. 4.In this competitive world , it is better for any firm to gain technology superiority . 5.The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 6.It is reported that the Far East area is now on the verge of war again. 7.There is an obvious trend that young people like less formal clothing. 8.We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical perspective. 9.The outstanding businessman agreed that the last decade was favorable for the emergence of new and promising enterprises in IT field. 10.The witness proved that the killer was a man of medium height. 二、词性转换 1.significance(adj.)-significant 2.connect(n.)-connection 3.transform(n.)-transformation
关于2016年硕士研究生英语学位课程 水平考试的通知 各有关学院： 根据《云南农业大学非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程水平考试 管理办法（试行）》（校办发[2005]45号），学校定于2016 年5月21日(星期六)上午9:00—11:30举行硕士研究生英语学位课程水 平考试。现将有关事项通知如下： 一、考试内容 本考试共有六个部分：听力理解（占20%）、词汇（占10%）、完形填 空（占10%）、阅读理解（占30%）、翻译（占20%）、写作（占10%）。 试卷分两份：试卷一 (Paper 1) 包括前四个部分，共80---90题； 试卷二 (Paper 2) 包括翻译和写作，共三题。 二、考试对象 1. 未通过硕士学位英语水平考试的在校全日制硕士研究生(含全日 制硕士专业学位研究生)； 2. 2012级毕业后未通过硕士学位英语水平考试的全日制硕士研究 生。 三、报名程序 1. 网上报名。参加硕士学位英语水平考试的硕士研究生，必须登录 云南农业大学研究生教务管理系统进行网上报名。学生登录研究生教务 管理系统， 点击“学期选课”→“选课申请”→“公共课选课”→“学位英语考试” →“选定”完成报名。网上报名时间为2016年4月23日—5月12日。 2. 请各学院研究生教学秘书通知本院所有未通过硕士学位英语水
平考试的研究生，务必在规定时间报名，逾期教务系统关闭不再受理补报。 四、学位英语免考 1．按照《云南农业大学关于印发研究生第一外语课程学习规定的通知》（校政发［2008］16号），大学英语六级考试成绩达425分及其以上，或研究生招生入学考试成绩在70分以上，可申请免考学位英语水平考试。 2．已提交过学位英语免考申请且获得免考资格的同学不需在网上报名，未提供英语六级证书原件的同学请尽快持证书原件和复印件到培养科审核，否则不予登记成绩。 3．已通过英语六级考试但未办理过学位英语免考手续的同学填写《云南农业大学第一外语免修申请》，于2016年5月12日前持证书原件和复印件到培养科办理免考手续，不需在网上报名。 五、考试地点另行通知。 云南农业大学研究生处 2016年4月19日
General English Qualifying Test for Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008 (A 卷) ******************************考试注意事项*************************** 一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括听力理解、词汇与结构、阅读理解三部分，共70题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括改错、写作。 二．试卷一的答案请按要求在答题卡上填涂，否则无效。试卷二的改错、写作部分请直接在试卷二上答题. Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. 1. A. The weather has been warm lately. B. The furnace has broken down. C. The building’s heating system dries the air. D. The woman should put medicine on her lips. 2. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A refinished cellar. D. A new record. 3. A. They need to turn up ahead. B. She doesn’t know where State Street is. C. There was no left turn at the last intersection. D. The man missed the turn.
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题 Part II. Vocabulary ( 10minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5point each) 21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovation, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up. A investment B resource C inspiration D stimulus 22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions. A bewildering B exasperating C dismaying D upsetting. 23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography. A all at once B by and by C to some extent D on the whole 24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences. A optimistic B anxious C uncertain D scared. 25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents’ wishes. A enhanced B revised C alternated D modified 26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery. A arisen from B contributed to C patched up D participated in 27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed. A resigned B compromised C persisted D dominated 28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural. A inclined B struggled C argued D competed. 29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company. A on occasion B at present C by now D for sure 30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims’families. A briefly B quickly C accurately D earnestly Section B (0.5point each) 31. New York probably has the largest number of different language ___in the world. A neighborhoods B communities C clusters D assemblies 32. Nuclear waste are considered to ___ a threat to human health and marine life. A compose B impose C expose D pose 33. Some states in the US have set ___ standards concerning math and science. A energetic B vigorous C rigorous D grave 34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___. A presentation B instruction C conviction D obligation 35. Because of ___ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other. A incomprehensible B incomparable C inconceivable D incompatible 36. As ___China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum. A in the light of B in the event of C in the case of D in the course of 37. According to an Australian research , moderate drinkers ___ better thinkers than heavy drinkers or those who never drink.