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人教版高中英语选修7Unit1知识点详解

人教版高中英语选修7Unit1知识点详解
人教版高中英语选修7Unit1知识点详解

Part 1. Warming up

1.Do you know anyone with a mental or physical disability?

disability n.伤残;无力;无能

归纳拓展

与disability有关的词汇:

(1)able adj.有能力的;能够的;能干的

ability n.能力;能耐;本领

(2)unable adj.不能的

(3)disable vt.使丧失能力;使残疾;使不能正常运转

disabled adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的

the disabled残疾人;伤残者

She manages to lead a normal life in spite of her disabilities.

尽管身有残疾,她仍然努力像正常人一样生活。

Our ability to think and speak separates us from other mammals.思维和说话的能力使我们有别于其他哺乳动物。

His disability prevents him from doing the job.他的残疾使他无法做这项工作。

The burglars gained entry to the building after disabling the alarm.窃贼破坏报警器后便得以进入大楼。

【链接训练】

As his disease has ________ him,Hawking has to sit in his wheelchair and speak through a computer. A.disabled B.unabled C.abled D.enable

2.She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps (800 metres) this year.她为自己参加了比赛而且在今年的800米长跑中打破了记录而感到骄傲。to have done 是不定式的完成形式, 这种形式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。e.g.

She said she was sorry to have missed you. 她说她是很遗憾没有见到你。

翻译下列句子:

对不起, 让你等了这么久。I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

真题探究

Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.

A.to work

B.to be working

C.to have worked

D.to have been working

【命题分析】考查非谓语动词作定语,在此修饰名词the few movie stars。

【答案与解析】C句意:Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。“做过木匠”这件事发生在过去,不定式应当用完成式,表示发生过,排除A、B项。现在已经是明星,可排除D项。因此C项正确。

2.Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.

ambition n.野心;雄心

ambitious adj.有雄心的;野心勃勃的

be ambitious for sth/to do sth 对(做)某事怀有雄心/热切的希望

ambitiously adv.野心勃勃地

Eg: A boy who is ambitious/filled with ambition usually works hard.

完成句子:

1) Mothers are often highly _____________(怀有热切的期望) their children.

2) I am ____________________(热切希望能成功) in life.

3) His ____________________________(要做首相的雄心) is likely to be realized.

ambitious for ambitious to succeed ambition to become prime minister

Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending

1.Glance at the title and picture, then discuss with a partner what kind of thing you think people would write about and why disabled people find the website beneficial.浏览标题和图片,然后和你的伙伴讨论你认为人们会写什么样的内容以及为什么残疾人觉得这家网站对他们有益。

beneficial adj.有益的;受益的

用法拓展

benefit vt.& vi.有助于;受益n.利益;好处

be of benefit to 对……有益

for the benefit of 为了……(的利益)

benefit from 从……中受益

be beneficial to 对……有益

阳光对植物有益.

Sunshine __ ________ ___plants.

Sunshine __ ___ ______ __ plants.

Sunshine __________ plants.

Plants _______ _____sunshine.

be beneficial to is of benefit to benefits benefits from

The new policy will________the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.

A .discount

B .support

C .approve

D .benefit

解析:选D 。句意:这项新政策将使老年人受益很多,超过65岁的老年人可以免费乘坐公交车。discount 打折;support 支持;approve 赞成;benefit 使……受益。

2.In other words, there are not many people like me.

in other words 换句话说,也就是说(=that is to say)

归纳拓展

Word came that...有消息传来说……(word 意为消息时为不可数名词)

in a / one word 简言之;总之 in words 用语言 beyond words 无法用言语表达

in word 在口头上

word for word 逐字地

keep one's word 遵守诺言

break one's word 失信,不遵守诺言

eat one's words 承认说错了话

?????

have a word with...与……谈一谈have words with...与……吵架 Like some of my classmates ,I cannot live up to my teachers' expectations ,in other words ,I let them down.

像我一些同学一样,我没能达到老师的期望,换句话说,我让他们失望了。

It's not necessary to translate the sentences word for word.没有必要逐词翻译句子。

Please believe me.I'll keep my word.请相信我,我决不食言。

选用短语并用恰当的形式填空。

1) She has a good handwriting, and is good at writing articles. __________, she is a qualified secretary.

2) The beauty of sunset can not be described _________.

3) The person who _______________my father is one of my relatives.

4) The couple _________________ each other in the street ignoring the eyes of passers-by.

Keys: 1) In a word 2) in words 3) has a word with 4) have words with

3.Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.

1)不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用, 在句中起名词性作用, 常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder,explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后作宾语,

有时也作主语、表语。

e.g. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?

How to do it is a problem for me now.

【拓展】介词后一般不直接跟不定式, 但可以跟疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。

e.g. Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.

I have no idea of how to do it.

【随时练】

--Do you have the experience like that?

--Well, I’ve done the work before, so I know what_____ in my new job here.

A. expected

B. expecting

C. to expect

D. to be expecting

2)adapt vt.&vi.(使)适应,(使)适合;改编;改造,改装

归纳拓展

(1)adapt (oneself) to...使自己适应或习惯于……(其中to是介词)

adapt...to...使某物适应、适合

adapt sth.for sth.把……改编成……

adapt...from...根据……改编……

adapt sth. for sb. 为某人改编(改写) ……

归纳拓展

(2)adaptable adj.适应性强的;可修改的

adaption n.改编;适应,改写本

(3)adapted adj.适合的;改编的

be adapted from根据……改编,改写

be adapted for...为……改编/写;被改编成

诱导展望

adapt 与adopt 仅有一个字母之差,要注意它们含义的区别:

adapt vt. 使适应;改编

adopt vt. 采用,采纳;收养;正式通过

We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.我们不得不很快适应新制度。

Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.

这些工具多数已经过特别改装,供残疾人使用。

Some animals can adapt themselves to the change of climate quickly.有些动物可以很快适应气候的变化。

The play is adapted from a short story.该剧由一篇短篇故事改编而来。

【链接训练】

①The world will be different,and we will have to be prepared to ________ the change.

A.adapt to B.adopt to C.apply to D.devote to

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为:这个世界将会与众不同,我们不得不准备好去适应这种变化。adapt to“使适应”;add to“增加”;apply to“适用于”;devote to“奉献……”,故符合题意的只有A项。

②The speaker was ________ girl and she ________ her speech to the interest of the children. A.adaptable;adapted B.an adaptable;adapted

C.adaptable;adapt D.an adaptation;adapted

【解析】此处用adaptable修饰girl,意为“适应性强的”;后面应用adapt...to...“使……适应/迎合……”。后半句句意为:她使自己的演讲迎合了孩子们的兴趣。

【答案】 B

These are English story books ____ Chinese students.

A. adapted from

B. adapted for

C. adapted to

D. adapting for

4. My motto is: live one day at a time. 我的座右铭是: 活一天算一天。

at a time 一次, 依次, 每次

at one time (过去)有个时期, 一度, 曾经

e.g. The girl often eats one apple at a time now, but at one time she ate several apples in an hour. 现在这女孩经常每次吃一个苹果, 但她曾经一个小时吃了几个。

更多time短语:

at times 有时at the same time 同时

at any time 随时 all the time 一直

in time 及时 on time 准时

in no time 立刻ahead of time 提前

from time to time 时不时

5.I used to climb trees,swim and play football.我过去常爬树、游泳、踢足球。

归纳拓展

(1)used to do表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,但现在已不再发生或存在,后接动词原形;

(2)be used to (doing)sth.习惯于,be有多种时态,可用get或become替换,主语一般是指人;

(3)be used to do“被用来做某事”。use为及物动词,表示“使用”,是被动结构,主语一般是物;

There used to be a bus stop on the corner.在那个拐角曾经有一个公共汽车站。

I'm not used to living here.我还不习惯住在这儿。

Coal can be used to produce power.煤能用来发电

【链接训练】

I'm used to ________ in the house which________ to keep books and magazines.

A.living;used B.live;was used C.live;used D.living;was used

【解析】空一考查be used to的用法,意为:“习惯于做……”,其中to是介词,后跟名词或动名词;空二考查use被动式,意为“被用作……”。

【答案】 D

6.I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.

cut out 切去;省略;停止(做某事)

用法拓展

cut down砍倒;削减;压缩cut up切破;切碎

cut off切断;停掉;隔绝;挡住cut in 插嘴;打断

7.So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after runnig a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.

out of breath上气不接下气

归纳拓展

(1)hold one's breath屏住呼吸

lose one's breath喘不过气来

(2)out of cash钱用光了

out of control失控

out of date过期

out of fashion过时,不再流行

out of order出毛病

out of work失业

out of patience不能忍受

out of question没问题;无疑;毫无疑问

out of the question不可能的;办不到的

I was out of breath after running for the bus.我因为追公共汽车,累得上气不接下气。

He held his breath while the results were read out.宣读结果时,他屏住了呼吸。

This medicine is out of date.这药已经过期了。

You can't go to the wedding party in that old shirt—it's quite out of the question.

你不能穿着那件旧衬衣去参加婚礼——这是绝对不行的。

【链接训练】

—Mum,I am going to attend a wedding of a friend's tomorrow,but I can't find the suitable clothes. —Yes,such clothes are out of ________ now.Why not buy a new one after work?

A.date B.use C.sight D.reach

【解析】根据答句句意可知“这种衣服现在已经过时了”,故选择A项,out of date“过时,不再流行”。out of use “不再使用,废弃不用”;out of sight“看不见”;out of reach“够不着”。【答案】 A

8.Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.

absence n.缺席;不在(某处) absence of mind心不在焉;神不守舍

absent adj .缺席的;不在的 vt .使缺席;使离开 be absent from 缺席;不在

完成句子:

1) Mr Green will be in charge __________________ (在我离开期间).

2) Why were you __________________(旷课) yesterday?

during my absence absent from school

9.The few who can ’t see the real person inside my body don ’t make me annoyed, and I just ignore them.

annoy vt.惹恼;使恼怒,使生气;打扰,打搅

归纳拓展

(1)annoy sb.使某人生气或烦躁

It annoys sb.that/when/how etc.

(2)annoy 常用于被动语态

be annoyed ????? at/about...that

to do sth.某事使某人恼怒

be annoyed with sb.对某人生气

be annoyed by...被……惹恼

(3)annoyance n .恼怒,烦恼,烦扰,不高兴;烦恼的事情

annoying adj.使人不高兴的,恼人的,使烦恼的

annoyed adj.恼怒的;烦恼的

It really annoys me when you don't listen to what I'm saying.你不听我说话真的让我很生气。 I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily.我气我自己那么轻易就让步了。

Everyone is annoyed by the amount of traffic in the city.大家都为城市拥挤的交通感到烦恼。

【链接训练】

①The kids wouldn't stop talking ,and I was beginning to get ________ with them.

A .annoying

B .annoyed

C .to annoy

D .annoy

【解析】 get annoyed “变得恼火”。句意为:孩子们不停地说话,我对他们开始有点恼火了。

【答案】 B

②She was ________ that he had not answered her letter.

A .bothered

B .interrupted

C .interfered

D .annoyed

【解析】 annoy 意为“使烦恼”;bother 意为“打扰,使人不安宁”,重在指“不断”;interrupt 意为“打断”,指在谈话或做事过程中被打断;interfere “干涉,妨碍”。句意为:她因为他未回信而感到烦恼。【答案】 D

10.All in all I have a good life.

all in all 总而言之 above all 首先;最重要的是

after all 毕竟;终究 first of all 首先

not at all 根本不;别客气 for all 虽然;尽管

in all 总共;总之 all alone 独自

all at once 突然

选择all in all/ in all/ at all/ after all/ above all 或first of all 并用其适当的形式填空

1) Don’t blame him too much. ________, he is a small child.

2) According to the survey, _______ there are nearly one million people in this small city out of work during the economic crisis.

3) I am glad to join you in this game, but ________ please allow me to introduce myself to you.

4) The parents didn’t worry about their daughter _______, for the y believed she could succeed in getting the first prize.

5) When traveling abroad, _______, you need to prepare your passport.

6) There are many beautiful sentences in your article and its handwriting is good too. ________, I’m quite satisfied with it.

Keys: 1) After all 2) in all 3) first of all 4) at all 5) above all 6) All in all

11.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 生活太忙了,我可没时间闲坐着顾影自怜。

1)“to sit around”为动词不定式短语,意为“无所事事”,在此作宾语补足语。

真题探究

I have a lot of readings before the end of this term.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e16892204.html,pleting

B.to complete

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e16892204.html,pleted

D.being completed

【命题分析】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。

【答案与解析】B由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间,所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来,充当readings的定语。句意:这个学期结束前,我要做很多阅读练习。

2)feeling sorry for myself是动词-ing形式构成的短语, 在句中作状语,表示伴随的

情况。

She lay in bed staring at the last leaf on the tree. 她躺在床上,眼睛盯着树上那最后一片叶子。The soldier came into the village riding a horse. 那士兵骑着马进了村子。

12.As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. 除了同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛,我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。

该句中的as well as是并列连词,连接两个并列成分,并侧重于前项。

常见的用法:

(1)as well as是固定短语,意思是“和”,相当于“not only...but also...”。

This factory produces cars as well as trucks.这个工厂既生产卡车也生产小汽车。

(2)as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或

数保持一致。

The teacher as well as his students is doing an experiment in the lab.老师和他的学生正在实验室里做实验。

(3)as well是副词短语,意思是“也”,相当于“too / also”常位于句尾,与too位置相当。

He is a professor and a writer as well.他是一位教授,也是一个作家。

(4)as well as可以用于同级比较。“和……一样好”,修饰动词。

She sings as well as she plays.她弹得好,唱得也好。

13.Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.接受他们,给予他们鼓励,让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。

1) to live…是一个不定式短语,在本句中作定语。

as...as 引导状语从句,两个as之间可以是adj./adv. 也可以是n.,如果涉及数量可以用as much/many+n. as...,或者as+adj.+an/a+n. as...,此结构还可与twice, three times, half 等倍数

连用。

①This is as good an example as the other is.这是一个像另一个一样好的例子。

②I can carry as much paper as you can.你能拿多少纸,我也能拿多少。

[即境活用]You know nursing is ______ a way of life.

A .as a much job as

B .as much a job as

C .as job a much as

D .a job as much as 答案:B

解析:考查 as +adj.+a +n. as 结构。

14.Why has his fellow students ’ conduct changed towards Marty?

conduct vt.引导,指导,指挥,实施,管理,传导

n .[U]行为,品行;指导,经营

归纳拓展

conductor n .管理人;指挥;售票员

conduct sb. to some place 带领某人去某地

conduct sb. around some place 带领某人参观某地

(1)conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey

进行实验/询问/调查

conduct a concert 指挥音乐会

conduct sb.in/out 领某人进来/出去

conduct oneself 举止,表现自己

(2)under the conduct of 在……指导/管理下

Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.

铜的导电性能优于其他材料。

The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.导游引领我们游览了古城废墟。 He conducted himself far better than expected.他表现得比预料的要好得多。

The government conducted a research into the river pollution.政府对河流污染进行了一次调查。 His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。

Part 3. Learning about Language

1.Wilberforce them resigned from government in 1825 and died in 1833, just after the law was passed which was eventually to abolish slavery in English.

resign v .辞职,辞去工作,(使)顺从

归纳拓展

(1)使顺从

resign oneself to (doing)sth.顺从,听任摆布,使自己安于(做)某事(其中to 是介词,后接名词或动名词)

(2)辞职?????

vt.后面直接跟宾语vi.其后常接介词from resign one's position 辞去职务

resign from...辞去……职务

resign as sth.辞职

resign sb.to...把某人托交给……

resign yourself to sth.听任;只好接受;顺从

(3)resignation n.听从;辞职,辞呈

hand in one's resignation递交辞呈

You must resign yourself to waiting a bit longer.你们得耐心地多等一会儿。

He resigned as manager after eight years.八年后,他辞去了经理的职务。

Two members resigned from the board in protest.董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。

We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale.我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。

His father will hand in his resignation.他的父亲将要提交辞呈。

【链接训练】

①He has ________ himself ________ the possibility that he may never see her again. A.resigned;不填B.resigned;from C.resigned;to D.resignation;to

【解析】resign oneself to...意为“接受,顺从”;resign (from) 意为“辞职”。句意为:他已经接受了他可能再也见不到她的可能性。

【答案】 C

②After a number of disagreements with the committee,the chairman decided to ________. A.retire B.retreat C.withdraw D.resign

【解析】retire 意为“退休”;retreat 意为“后退”;withdraw 意为“撤退”;resign 意为“辞职”。句意为:和委员会数次意见不合后,主席决定辞职。

【答案】 D

Part 4. Using Language

1.congratulate vt.祝贺;庆祝

归纳拓展

(1)congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.祝贺某人(做)某事

congratulate oneself on(doing)sth.感到自豪;暗自庆幸;为自己高兴

(2)congratulation n.祝贺

Congratulations!恭喜你!

offer/send one's congratulations to sb.on sth.向某人祝贺某事

You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你应该为你自己出色的工作感到自豪。

—I got an A in the test.我考试得了个A。

—Congratulations!恭喜你!

同类辨析

congratulate与celebrate

(1)congratulate vt.祝贺,庆贺,一般用人作宾语常用于congratulate sb.on sth.,意为“祝贺某人某事”。

(2)celebrate vt.庆祝,常指举行盛大隆重的庆祝仪式或纪念有意义的日子或时刻,后直接加事物(如节目、胜利、成功等)作宾语。

【链接训练】

We ________ him on his birthday and held a party to ________ it.

A.congratulate;celebrate B.celebrate;congratulate

C.congratulated;celebrated D.congratulated;celebrate

【解析】句意为:我们给他祝贺生日,并举办宴会庆祝。根据congratulate(congratulate sb. on sth.)

和celebrate(celebrate sth.)的用法,可排除B;根据时态和句法,可排除A和C。

【答案】 D

2.Adequate access for wheelchairs.

access n. 通路;访问,入口

归纳拓展

(1)give access to 接近,准许进入

have/gain/get/obtain access to... 接见,会见,有权进入……,拥有……的机会

the access to...进入……的通道

(2)accessible adj. 可接近的;可使用的,可进入的

be accessible to...能接近……;可使用……

The only access to the town is across the bridge.到镇上唯一的通道是经过这座桥。

20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.地球上20%的人喝不到干净的饮用水。

A manager should be accessible to his staff.经理应该让职工感到平易近人。

The documents are not accessible to the public.公众无法看到这些文件。

【链接训练】

①For professional athletes,________to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.

A.appeal B.attachment C.access D.approach

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为:对于专业运动员来说,能够参加奥林匹克运动会意味着他们有机会被载入史册。access to“进入”,符合题意。attachment“附加”;appeal“请求”;approach “方法,接近”。

【答案】 C

②The people living here are ________ to the swimming pool.

A.predictable B.possible C.due D.accessible

【解析】be accessible to sth.意为“可以使用/利用某物”,为固定搭配。A、B两项搭配不正确,be due to意为“由于”,不合题意。句意为:居住在这儿的人们可以使用这个游泳池。【答案】 D

动词不定式

动词不定式是三种非谓语动词形式之一,具有非常重要的作用和意义。

一、动词不定式的句法功能

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。

1.作主语

动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

当作主语的不定式短语较长时,常用形式主语it来代替。不定式和动名词都可用作句子的主语,含义基本一样。但表示具体、特指的动作时,用不定式更多见;表示抽象、泛指的动作时,用动名词更多见。

It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是对的。

2.作表语

(1)直接放在be动词之后,起解释说明的作用。

My idea is to send him a telegraph.我的想法是给他发一封电报。

(2)位于seem,appear,remain,prove等系动词之后。而become,sound,taste等系动词后面一般不接不定式作表语。

The method proved to be highly effective.这个方法被证明是非常有效的。

注意:不定式和动名词作表语含义基本一样。具体的、特指的事情多用不定式;习惯的、泛指的事情多用动名词。

3.作宾语

部分动词(短语) 后面只能接不定式作宾语。常见的有agree,arrange,ask,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,promise,pretend,refuse,want,wish,should (would) like (love)等。

They arranged to go swimming the following day.

他们准备第二天去游泳。

不定式还可跟在某些形容词后面作宾语,如glad,sure,able,sorry,free 等。

You are free to go or stay.去或留都随你便。

注意:常用句型“主语+v.+it+adj./n.+to do sth.”。其中,it为形式宾语,to do为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有:think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feel等。

The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.楼下的人发觉很难入睡。

4.作定语

不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的词之后。从时间上看,不定式作定语通常表示一个未发生的动作。

(1)从逻辑关系上看,与不定式所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

We need someone to help with the typing.我们需要帮忙打字的人。

注意:如果名词前有the first,the last等修饰时,用动词不定式作定语。

She was the first (person) to come.她是第一个来的。

(2)与不定式所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。

The teacher gave us two exercises to do after class.

老师给我们布置了两个课下做的练习。

注意:当不定式作定语与所修饰的词有动宾关系时,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,它后面必须接相应的介词。

Give me a piece of paper to write on.给我一张纸写字。

(3)与被修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的同位关系。

I have no chance to go abroad.我没有机会出国。

5.作状语

(1)表示目的。直接用不定式或so as to,in order to。in order to 可放在句首,so as to 不可。动词不定式作状语可放在句首,使其所表示的目的更突出。

To learn English well,he works hard at it.为了学好英语,他努力学习。

(2)表示结果。更常见于so...as to,such...as to,enough to结构中,only接不定式也常表示结果。We rushed to the airport,only to find the plane had already taken off.

我们匆忙赶往机场,结果却发现飞机早已起飞了。

注意:表示结果有时可用too...to (太……而不能)的结构,表示结果办不到。但如果too 后为anxious,eager,willing,ready等,没有否定含义。另外在to 前加not 也表示肯定。

We were too excited to sleep that night.那天晚上我们激动得无法入睡。

(3)表示原因。用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面,说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。

I'm glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很高兴。

6.作宾语补足语

动词不定式作其他成分,表示这一动作几乎都没有发生,有将来时的意思,但作宾语补足语有两种,一是有将来时的意思,表示这一动作没有发生,二是整个动作已经完成。

常见的可以用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,invite,force,want,wish,tell,teach,get,beg,allow,forbid,encourage,advise,persuade等。

The teacher invited the famous scientist to give us a report.

老师邀请那位著名科学家给我们作一个报告。

注意:动词不定式作宾语补足语在感观动词和使役动词后,不定式符号to在主动语态句型中要省略。这些动词有see,watch,notice,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,have,let,make 等。但在被动语态中要还原不定式符号to。

I saw him go upstairs.我看见他上了楼。(整个动作结束)

He made the students finish the exercises in class.他让学生们在课堂上把练习做完。

7.作主语补足语

作主语补足语的用法同宾语补足语大致相同。只是谓语动词为被动式,且不能省略to。

The students were made to finish the exercises in class.学生们被要求在课堂上把练习做完。

二、动词不定式的否定式

动词不定式的否定式由not/never+to do 构成,另外还有in order not to do,so as not to do。

I told him not to do it.我让他别那样做的。

Father warned me never to drive after drinking.父亲警告我不要酒后开车。

1.动词不定式的时态

(1)动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与谓语动词动作同时发生(或几乎同时发生)或在谓语动词之后发生。

(2)不定式的完成式所表示的动作则发生在谓语动词之前。

(3)进行式的动作发生在与谓语动词动作同时且正在进行。

He is said to write a book.据说他将写本书。(之后)

He is said to have written a book.据说他已经写了本书。(之前)

He pretended to be reading the text when I came in.当我进来时,他假装正在读课文。(同时) 2.动词不定式的被动语态

当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式。

I'm pleased to have been given this opportunity.给了我这次机会我很高兴。

四、连接词+不定式

连接代词和连接副词及whether后可接不定式,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语和宾语。

I know what to do.(I do what)我知道要做什么。

How to solve the problem is very important.怎样解决这个问题是非常重要的。

【链接训练】

①—Where should I send my form?

—The Personnel Office is the place ________.

A.for sending it B.to send it to C.to send D.to send it

【解析】考查不定式作宾语的用法。根据send的用法send sth.to some place可知选B。

【答案】 B

②The host didn't want his house ______ for the night,so we had to try knocking at another door. A.being stayed B.to stay in C.to be stayed D.to be stayed in

【解析】want后的非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,通常用动词不定式,此处宾语与补足语是被动关系,故用不定式的被动式,因此选D。

【答案】 D

③I'm going to Shanghai.Do you have anything ________ to your parents?

A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken

【解析】考查不定式作定语。动词take的逻辑主语并不是you,而是anything,故要用不定式的被动语态,意为“你有东西(要我)带给你的父母吗?”

【答案】 D

④—Where is George?He said he would meet me here at 3 o'clock.

—He seems ________ with Mr.Brown in the office.

A.to talk B.talking C.to have talked D.to be talking

【解析】不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作或状态。

【答案】 D

⑤What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday only ________ her dead on her bed.

A.to find B.finding C.found D.find

【解析】only to find作结果状语,通常表示一个令人失望的、沮丧的、预料之外的结果。【答案】 A

一、根据句子结构,用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空

1)The ______ girl swims well in spite of her _______.(disable)

2) Robert is a very _______ man and one of his ______ is to travel in Antarctica. (ambition)

3) If you want to be a _______, you should work hard at ______ and care for ______ situations. (politics)

4) It is known to all that fresh air is _______ to our health and the new park ______ us all, so we should keep it clean.(benefit)

5) The boy who used to ______on his parents now wants the ______ from them and is learning to be

_______.(depend)

6) Praise acts as an ______ to the players, and therefore they will feel ______ and get the _______to continue and improve their performance.(encourage)

7) My brother ______ from a well-known American university. My parents attended his _______ ceremony yesterday.(graduate)

8) When someone ______ others on their success, he or she usually says “_______”.(congratulate)

9) This concert was _______ by a famous _______ from Vienna. (conduct)

keys:1) disabled; disabilities 2) ambitious; ambitions 3) politician; politics; political 4) beneficial; benefits 5) depend; independence; independent 6) encouragement; encouraged; courage 7) graduated; graduation 8) congratulates; congratulations 9) conducted; conductor

二、根据所给汉语或所给首字母,写出单词的正确形式。

1. His a__________ to become Prime Minster is likely to be realized.

2. I quite like living alone, because it makes me more _______________(独立).

3. She was given ____________(鼓励)to try something new.

4. I show my sincere congratulations on your g_____________ from Beijing University.

5. My e_________ daughter is at university now but the other one is at school.

6. I _____________(祝贺)you on your election.

7. Sunshine is _____________(有益)to plants.

8. He frowns when he is ______________.(颇为生气)

9. John and Mike are twins, but the l___________ is taller than the former.

10. Money m__________ nothing to her.

11. Every one of us should try our best to help people with ____________.(伤残)

12. The newcomers who aren’t familiar with their job need advice and __________(帮助).

13. Li Hua was my only Chinese _______________(同伴)during my stay in Austria.

14. He was __________ (伤残) in the car accident.

三、短语在线

1.换句话说

2.切掉;删掉

3.上气不接下气

4.闲坐着

5.取笑

6.一切顺利

7.也;又;和……一样好

1.in other words

2.cut out

3.out of breath

4.sit around

5.make

fun of 6.all the best7.as well as

四、重点句式

1.Unfortunately,the doctors don’t know ____________,but I am very outgoing and have learned to____________my disability.

不幸的是,大夫们不知道如何治好我的病,但是我很开朗乐观,学会了适应身体的残疾。2.____________,I have a good life.I am happy to have found many things ____________,like writing and computer programming.

总而言之,我生活得挺好。我很高兴地发现我能做许多事情,比如写作和计算机编程。

重点句式

3.I have a very busy life____________for myself.我的生活很充实,没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。4.____________going to the movies and football matches with my friends,I spend a lot of time with my pets.

我会同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛,此外,我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。5.Just accept them for who they are,and give them encouragement to live ____________rich and full a life____________ you do.

接受他们,给予他们鼓励,让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。

6. Disabled people should have____________ opportunities ______________able-bodied people to enjoy the cinema and to do so with dignity.

残疾人应当与健全人一样有同样的机会欣赏电影,同时能保持自己的尊严。

答案:1.how to make me better;adapt to 2.All in all;I can do,3.with no time to sit around feeling sorry 4.As well as ,5.as;as 6.the same;as

五、根据课文内容完成下面语法填空,注意单词拼写和词语用法:

Marty is a 1 ( able) boy 2 suffers from a muscle disease. He doesn’t look any difference from other people but in fact he is too weak to go to school sometimes. He feels 3 (annoy) after his 4 (缺席) from school. But he is outgoing and he thinks having a 5 (disable) doesn’t mean his life is not 6 (满意的).He learns to adapt 7 his present life. His disease helps him grow stronger 8 (psychology) and become more 9 (独立的). He hopes healthy people can give the disabled more 10 (encourage) in life.

答案:1. disabled 2. who 3. annoyed 4. absence 5. disability 6. satisfying 7.to

8. psychologically 9. independent 10. encouragement

人教版高中英语知识点梳理

高中课本知识分布 必修一 1.共有三个单元 2.各单元知识点 第一单元:一般现在时,现在进行时,be going to 第二单元:一般过去时,过去进行时,现在完成时 第三单元:被动语态,情态动词 3.全书单词数量为:204个 词组数量为:44个 必修二 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点 第四单元:一般将来时will和be going to的区别,真实条件句和虚拟条件句,让步状语从句 第五单元:原因、结果、目的状语从句 第六单元:表示时间、地点、动作的介词,定语从句,冠词 3. 全书单词数量为:229个 词组数量为:23个 必修三 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点 第七单元:关系副词,介词+which引导的定语从句,形容词的比较级 第八单元:限制性和非限制性定语从句,静态动词和动态动词 第九单元:现在完成进行时态,现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态 3. 全书单词数量为:262个 词组数量为:40个 必修四 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点 第十单元:不定代词和动词不定式 第十一单元:被动语态,动名词作主语,宾语,表语,定语 第十二单元:跟动名词或不定式作宾语的动词,现在分词作副词,作表语,定语,宾语补足语 3. 全书单词数量为:330个词组数量为:24个 高一共计单词1025,词组131 必修五 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点 第十三单元:过去分词在句中可作形容词或副词用,修饰名词,在句中作定语,宾语补足

语或表语 第十四单元:情态动词表示推测 第十五单元:虚拟语气 3. 全书单词数量为:313个 词组数量为:25个 选修六 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点 第十六单元:过去完成时 第十七单元:过去完成进行时1 第十八单元:过去完成进行时2 3. 全书单词数量为:245个 词组数量为:31个 选修七 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点 第十九单元:名词性从句 第二十单元:将来完成时和将来进行时 第二十一单元:混合虚拟条件句和情态动词 3. 全书单词数量为:340个 词组数量为:13个 选修八 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点 第二十二单元:被动态和表示报道的表达 第二十三单元:强调句和各种完成时的形态(将来完成时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,现在分词的完成时及情态动词加完成时的用法) 第二十四单元:劝说的表达 3. 全书单词数量为:375个 词组数量为:61个 高二共计单词1273,词组130个 高中共计单词2298,词组261 北师大版高中英语语法总结(必修一—选修八) 必修一 一、present simple and present continuous 一般现在是和现在进行时 1,present simple: 反复进行的,经常性的动作(惯例习惯) Eg, He watches soap operas. 及状态I live in Budapest. 一般现在时常和下列时间状语连用:always, usually, from, time to time, twice a week, rarely,

(完整版)新课标人教版高中英语选修6单词-中文

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