中考英语语法考点复习汇编
句子成分、句子结构和句子分类
一、概述
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分；
句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语；
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语）；
其他成分如定语、状语和同位语是句子的次要成分；
句子成分由一定的单词、短语或句子组成。
二、英语中的十大词类
英语中的词类主要包括十大种：
（一）名词
名词(n = noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如：
foreigner外国人soap肥皂Newton牛顿law法律freedom自由peace和平
（二）冠词
冠词(art = article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the）两种。
（三）代词
代词(pro = pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。例如：
I 我your你的something某事what什么all所有的
（四）数词
数词(num = numeral)是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。例如：
one一twenty 二十first第一twentieth第二十
（五）形容词
形容词(adj = adjective)是用来修饰名词，表示名词属性的词。例如：
yellow黄色的wonderful惊人的strong强大的
（六）副词
副词(adv =adverb)用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。例如：
together一起carefully仔细地however然而very 非常
（七）动词
动词(v = verb)是表示动作或状态的词。例如：
sign 签字support支持have 有exist 存在
（八）介词
介词(prep = preposition)又叫前置词，放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面，表示它后面的词与句子中其它成分之间的关系。例如：
（九）连词
连词(conj = conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词是虚词，在句中一般不重读，也不能在句中单独作句子成分。例如：
if如果whether是否when当...时候although虽然because因为
（十）感叹词
感叹词(interj = interjection)是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的词。例如：
oh哦well好吧hello你好
三、句子成分、句子结构和句子分类考点纵览
四、巩固训练
1、指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
2、选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C.go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B.did
C. whom
D. book
3、挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
4、挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
5、挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
6、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
7、挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
8、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
9、分析下列句子属于五种简单基本句型中的哪一种
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. All of us considered him honest.
3. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
4. He broke a piece of glass.
5. Trees turn green.
6. They pushed the door open.
7. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
8. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
9.All the students think highly of his teaching
10. We need a place twice larger than this one.
11. He asked us to sing an English song.
12.We will make our school more beautiful.
13. He didn't come．
14. The old man lives a lonely life.
15. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
答案解析
1、指出下列句中主语的中心词（划线部分为答案）
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
2、选出句中谓语的中心词（划线部分为答案）
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C.go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B.did
C. whom
D. book
3、挑出下列句中的宾语（划线部分为答案）
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?
⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn’t know who “Father Christmas” really is.
4、挑出下列句中的表语（划线部分为答案）
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
5、挑出下列句中的定语（划线部分为答案）
① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
6、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（划线部分为答案）
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
7、挑出下列句中的状语（划线部分为答案）
① There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She lovers the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you’ve lost it,you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
8、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（划线部分为答案）
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
10、分析下列句子属于五种简单基本句型中的哪一种
1. Our school is not far from my home.
主系表
2. All of us considered him honest.
主谓宾宾补
3. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
主谓间宾直宾
4. He broke a piece of glass.
主谓宾
5. Trees turn green.
主系表
6. They pushed the door open.
主谓宾宾补
7. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
主谓间宾直宾
8. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
主谓间宾直宾
9.All the students think highly of his teaching
主谓宾
10.We need a place twice larger than this one.
主谓宾
11.He asked us to sing an English song.
主谓宾宾补
12.We will make our school more beautiful.
主谓宾宾补
13. He didn't come．
主谓
14. The old man lives a lonely life.
主谓宾
15. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 主谓