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主语从句

主语从句
主语从句

主语从句

在句子中担当主语的是一个句子,这个从句就叫作主语从句。主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导,且不能省略。

连词:that, whether 连接副词:when, where, how, why

连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever 等

(1)由连词that, whether引导的主语从句

连词that, whether在从句中的作用只是引导主语从句,它在从句中不担任成分,不能省略,且由that, whether引导的主语从句,多用it做形式主语

e.g ①That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round. 地球是圆的,是一个事实。

②Whether he’ll come or not hasn’t been decided.

= It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not.

(2)由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句

连接代词who, which和连接副词when, where, how, why都可以引导主语从句,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语,不能省略,翻译时,不能把它们译为疑问句,由它们引导的主语从句,也可以用形式主语it引导

e.g ①Who let out the news remained unknown. =It remained unknown who let out the news.

谁泄漏了那个消息仍旧无人知道。

②When we’ll start is not clear.=It is not clear when we’ll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。

(3)以关系代词what, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it引导,它们在句子中担任成分,不能省略,语序为陈述语序。

e.g ①What he said at the meeting is important. 他在会上所说的事情是重要的。

②Whoever leaves the office should tell me. 无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。

(4)用it作形式主语的主语从句结构

a. It is +名词+从句

①It is a fact that… 事实是……②It is good news that … ……是好消息③It is a question that … ……是个问题④It is common knowledge that ………是常识类似的名词还有:a pity;a wonder;a good thing;no wonder;surprise等

例如:①It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。

②It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鲸鱼不是鱼,这是常识。

③It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 鲍勃会赢得这场比赛,这不足为奇。

b. It is +形容词+从句

①It is necessary that … 有必要……

②It is clear that … 很清楚……③It is likely that … 很可能……

④It is im portant that … 重要的是……

类似的形容词还有:strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.

例如:①It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry.

很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。

②It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能来令人怀疑。

③It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you . 他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。

④It is essential that he should be here by the weekend . 周末之前,他应该到这里是必要的。

⑤It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. 很明显我们不能这样下去了。

c. It is +过去分词+从句

①It is said that … 据说……

②It is reported that … 据报道……③It has been proved that … 已证明……

④It must be proved that… 必须指出……

类似的过去分词还有:known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.

例如:①It is thought that he is the best player. 大家都认为他是最好的选手。

②It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. 据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。

③It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.

过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。

④It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.

还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。

d. It +不及物动词+从句

①It seems that … 好像是……

②It happened that… 碰巧……③It follows that … 由此可见……

④It has turned out that … 结果是……

类似的不及物动词还有:seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out, etc.

例如:①It turned out that nobody remembered the address. 结果是无人记得那个地址。

②It now appears that they are in urgent need of help. 看起来他们急需帮助。

③It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.

没有赶上这趟火车没有关系,稍晚还有一趟。

④It happened that I saw him yesterday. 碰巧我昨天看见他了。

当“及物动词+ 宾语”较短时,也可用这种结构。

例如:①It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.

让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。

②It does not interest me whether you go or not. 我对你去不去不感兴趣。

e. It +某些固定结构+ 主语从句。

①It doesn’t matter……是无关紧要的……

②It makes no difference……毫无区别……

③It doesn’t make too much difference

that…………关系不大④It doesn’t need to be bothered that……

不必担忧……

例如:①It does not make any difference whether it rains or not . 下不下雨没什么分别。

②It does not make the least difference to me what you do. 对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。

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当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为be

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当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且 谓语动词为be

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