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初中英语语法:40张结构图,学完3年知识

初中英语语法:40张结构图,学完3年知识
初中英语语法:40张结构图,学完3年知识

初中英语语法:40张结构图,学完3年知识!

导读:英语语法一直是学生心中的一个梗,从初中开始接触英语语法起,很多学生就没有把它们搞清楚过。初中到高中,英语整整学了六年,至于究竟学了哪些语法,你们心中有一个概念吗?

对于这些年学过的语法会用吗?我想,很多同学肯定对语法有很多困惑吧,今天就给大家福利。

下面是初高中六年的英语语法知识,从英语语法各个层面整合的思维导图,即全面又系统,比看那些密密麻麻的文字来得有效多了。别人需要花六年时间慢慢琢磨这些知识,你只需要花节课的时间看懂这些知识,在以后的英语学习中就容易多了。

下面的知识篇幅较长,慢慢看,耐心看完收获更大。

初中英语语法八大时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编附解析(3)

一、选择题 1.— What kind of home do you ? — A flat three bedrooms. A.live in; with B.live; with C.live in; has D.live; has 2.—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A.does B.do C.is D.are 3.Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A.happily; wonderfully B.happily; wonderful C.happy; wonderful D.happy; wonderfully 4.Ted likes Art, his brother . A.but; isn't B.and; don't C.but; doesn't D.but ;don't 5.What kind of music ________ he ________? A.does; listen B.does; listen to C.is; listen D.is; listen to 6.Lucy and I ________ good friends. A.am B.is C.are 7.The library ______ from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. on weekdays. But it______ at 5 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays. A.is open; closes B.opens; closed C.is opened; closes D.is opening; is closed 8.I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A.stop crying B.to stop crying C.stop to cry D.to stop to cry 9.—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A.be like; rainy B.be like; rain C.like; rain D.like; rainy 10.—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A.buys B.looks C.finds 11.Which of the following sentences is right? A.My books on the desk B.Nice meet you, too C.These are my dictionaries D.Thanks you for your help. 12.Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A.worries about B.is worried about C.worries D.is worried 13.—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, right? —Yes, they are. A.am B.is C.are 14.Peter has never seen such a big fish in his life, ________? A.has he B.hasn’t he C.does he D.doesn't he 15.—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no

初中英语语法结构图示

初中英语常用语法结构图示 一、词法: 单数 普通名词可数名词复数,复数变化规则 名词不规则名词复数形式 不可数名词及量的表示 专有名词: 人名、地名、国家名。大写,不加冠词 名词的格’s 多用于有生命的事物 of 多用于无生命的事物 人称代词:主格与宾格:人称代词的排序; 物主代词:形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词 反身代词:构成;Own 的用法 that, this, these, those的用法; 指示代词such, so 的用法,the same as.的用法; so+(助)动词+主语与so+主语+(助)动词的区别。 代词one, another, the other, others, other等词的用法; one与it的区别; both,与all的区别; some, any的用法区别. 不定代词every与each的用法 either,neither,none的用法 -body,-one-thing-where与some, any, every,no的组合; any,many ,a few,few,much,a little,little等词的用法。 疑问代词:who, what, which, whose, whom It的用法表示天气、气候、季节、时间、阴暗、距离、状况等做主语; 作形式主语与形式宾语; 定冠词的用法:特指 冠词:(a, an, the)不定冠词的用法:不特指 不用冠词的情况 作用:定语和表语及其位置. The+形容词=复数名词 用法 单音节词 形容词构成双音节词 多音节词 比较级与最高级不规则词 as+原级+as ;not as(so)+原级+ as 比较级+比较级 The+比较级+范围 The+比较级,the +比较级 序数词+最高级 副词与形容词的用法区别及相互转换 级别方面用法与形容词相同 already, yet; ago, before, since; now, just now; sometime. Some time, sometimes;频度副词; 副词几个副词的用法so that, so…that; too…to; too, either, everyday, every day, every other day; enough;

初中英语语法知识—动词的难题汇编及答案

一、选择题 1.Speak louder, ________ you can’t make yourself________. A.and; hear B.or; hear C.and; heard D.or; heard 2.The woman made her husband_______ outside the gate yesterday afternoon. A.wait B.waiting C.to wait D.waited 3.Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels 4.My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A.were, at B.was, at C.was, on 5.My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A.like; too many B.want; too much C.ask; too many D.let; too much 6.—_______everyone get tired today? —Yes, we_______very tired the whole afternoon. A.Does; are all B.Do; are all C.Does; all are D.Is; all are 7.—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A.are; in , in B.are; in , on C.do; on , in D.do; at , on 8.I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A.to listen B.to listen to C.listening D.listening to 9.—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A.be like; rainy B.be like; rain C.like; rain D.like; rainy 10.—When you free last week? — Well, I have a free day because there was too much work. A.did; didn’t B.were; didn’t C.were; wasn’t D.did; wasn’t 11.—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A.So have I B.So am I C.Neither have I D.Nor am I 12.These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A.well B.wonderfully C.nice D.bad 13.________he_______big________? A.Does; has; foot B.Does; have; feet C.Do; have; foots 14.2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A.came true B.come true C.comes true D.coming true 15.—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day.

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.(名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一). 简单句五种基本句型: 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序:

(完整)初中物理知识框架图

单位: 基本工具:刻度尺 基本工具:停表 运动和静止的相对性 描述: 运动的快慢 速度 定义:路程与时间之比叫做速度 常用单位:千米/小时(km/h) 主单位:米/秒(m/s) 公式: t s v= 变速运动:速度变化的运动叫做变速运动,用平均速度表示变速运动的快慢 匀速直线运动:物体沿着直线速度不变的运动 测量平均速度 实验原理: t s v= 机 械 运 动 长度和时间的测量 长度的测量 时间的测量 长度的主单位:米(m),其他单位:千米(km)、分米(dm)、厘米(cm)、毫米(mm) 时间的主单位:秒(s),其他单位:小时(h)、分钟(min) 运动的描述 定义:物体位置的变化叫做机械运动 参照物:假定为不动的物体 实验器材:刻度尺、秒表 第一章机械运动

第二章声现象 声现象声音的产生与传播 声音的产生条件:发声体在振动 (3)声音在不同的介质中传播的速度一般不同(一般来说在固体 中传播速度最快、液体较慢、气体最慢) 声音的传播特点 (1)需要介质 (2)真空不能传播 (4)声音在同一介质中传播速度还与温度有关 (5)声音以波的形式向外传播 声音的三个特征 音调 音调表示声音的高低 音调与发声体的振动频率有关,频率越高,音调越高 响度 响度表示声音的强弱,用分贝来表示 响度与发声体的振幅有关,振幅越大,响度越大 决定于发声体的材料、结构 音色 又叫做音品,反映声音的品质与特色 噪声 噪声的来源和危害 在传播过程中减弱 减弱噪声的途径 在声源处减弱 在人耳处减弱 次声波:频率低于20Hz的声音被称为次声波 超声波和次声波 超声波:频率高于20KHz的声音被称为超声波 声音的利用 声音能传递信息:例如B超检查身体、回声定位等 声音能传递能量:例如超声波碎石

初中英语语法:句子结构

语法:句子结构 课题:初中英语中的句子结构 重点:句子的结构成分 难点:分析并列句和复合句中的各个成分 一、以练习导入课 【Practice】引导学生自己解释所考知识点 1.---Excuse me,could you tell me________? ----It will leave at4:00p.m. A.how will you go to Shanghai B.how you will go to Shanghai C.when will the bus leave for Shanghai D.when the bus will leave for Shanghai 2.Could you tell me________? A.what is your job B.what your job is C.your job is what D.what was your job 3.---Could you tell us how long________?---About three years. A.does the sports meeting last B.the sports meeting will last C.the sports meeting last D.will the sports meeting last 4.I'm not sure______Mr Wang is coming or not. A.that B.about C.of D.whether 5.---I don't know_____he will come tomorrow. ---Don't worry.______he comes,I'll let you know. A.whether;If B.if;Whether C.when;Whether D.that;If 6.Jane didn't go to school today,but no one knew_________. A.what had happened to her B.what has happened to her C.what's the matter with her D.how was she 7.I don't mind______they will come. A.if or not B.whether nor not C.whether or no D.if or no 总结: 【Student can sum up the knowledge points】简单句、并列句和复合句1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 2)并列句:相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。【句型】简单句+并列连词+简单句

初中物理知识点总结完美打印Word版(_中考必背)

初中物理知识点总结 第一章声现象知识归纳 1 . 声音的发生:由物体的振动而产生。振动停止,发声也停止。 2.声音的传播:声音靠介质传播。真空不能传声。通常我们听到的声音是靠空气传来的。 3.声速:在空气中传播速度是:340米/秒。声音在固体传播比液体快,而在液体传播又比空气体快。 4.利用回声可测距离:S=1/2vt 5.乐音的三个特征:音调、响度、音色。(1)音调:是指声音的高低,它与发声体的频率有关系。(2)响度:是指声音的大小,跟发声体的振幅、声源与听者的距离有关系。 6.减弱噪声的途径:(1)在声源处减弱;(2)在传播过程中减弱;(3)在人耳处减弱。 7.可听声:频率在20Hz~20000Hz之间的声波:超声波:频率高于20000Hz的声波;次声波:频率低于20Hz的声波。 8.超声波特点:方向性好、穿透能力强、声能较集中。具体应用有:声呐、B超、超声波速度测定器、超声波清洗器、超声波焊接器等。 9.次声波的特点:可以传播很远,很容易绕过障碍物,而且无孔不入。一定强度的次声波对人体会造成危害,甚至毁坏机械建筑等。它主要产生于自然界中的火山爆发、海啸地震等,另外人类制造的火箭发射、飞机飞行、火车汽车的奔驰、核爆炸等也能产生次声波。 第二章物态变化知识归纳 1. 温度:是指物体的冷热程度。测量的工具是温度计, 温度计是根据液体的热胀冷缩的原理制成的。 2. 摄氏温度(℃):单位是摄氏度。1摄氏度的规定:把冰水混合物温度规定为0度,把一标准大气压下沸水的温度规定为100度,在0度和100度之间分成100等分,每一等分为1℃。 3.常见的温度计有(1)实验室用温度计;(2)体温计;(3)寒暑表。 体温计:测量围是35℃至42℃,每一小格是0.1℃。 4. 温度计使用:(1)使用前应观察它的量程和最小刻度值;(2)使用时温度计玻璃泡要全部浸入被测液体中,不要碰到容器底或容器壁;(3)待温度计示数稳定后再读数;(4)读数时玻璃泡要继续留在被测液体中,视线与温度计中液柱的上表面相平。 5. 固体、液体、气体是物质存在的三种状态。 6. 熔化:物质从固态变成液态的过程叫熔化。要吸热。 7. 凝固:物质从液态变成固态的过程叫凝固。要放热. 8. 熔点和凝固点:晶体熔化时保持不变的温度叫熔点;。晶体凝固时保持不变的温度叫凝固点。晶体的熔点和凝固点相同。 9. 晶体和非晶体的重要区别:晶体都有一定的熔化温度(即熔点),而非晶体没有熔点。 10. 熔化和凝固曲线图:

初中英语语法大全:英语五个基本句型

初中英语语法大全:英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型:主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型,详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句 (常见的并列连词有and,but,or) 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home,and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家,我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.

她父亲是个医生,她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up,or you'll be late. 快点,否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型:主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句,或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。) 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.(数词作主语)

初中物理知识结构图全

初中物理知识结构示意图 1 / 12

3 / 12 即一切发声的物体都在振动 :固、液、气。(真空不能传声) V 固>V 液>V 气 :由声源振动的频率决定。影响弦音调的因素即弦越短越紧越细则音调越高。 :由声源振动的振幅决定。 1、 定义:浸在液体中的物体,受到液体对它向___上_______的托力。 2、 浮力产生原因:物体受到液体对它上、下表面的压力差。 阿基米德原理:(1)探究过程及内容:________________________________(2)公式:_ F 浮=ρ液gV 排由公式可知,浮力只与__液体的密度__和__排开液体的体积___有关,而与放入液体中的物体的重力、密度、体积、形状、所处位置和全部浸没时的深度均无关。 4、浮沉条件 漂浮:_________ F 浮=G 物______________________ 悬浮:__________ F 浮=G 物_____________________ 上浮:__________ F 浮>G 物_____________________ 下沉:__________ F 浮<G 物_____________________ 5、浮力的应用:轮船、潜水艇、气球、飞艇、密度计 浮力 1.称重法:F 浮=G-F 拉 2.压力差法:F 浮=F 上-F 下 3.阿基米德原理:F 浮=G 排=ρ液gV 排 4.利用浮沉条件(平衡法) 6、计算浮力的方法

例:影子的形成、日食、月食、小孔成像等都是光的直线传播现象 光速是不变的 红、绿、蓝(RGB) 例:平面镜成像、水中倒影都是光的反射现象 注:漫反射也遵循光的反射定律 规律(或特点):1、像与物等大2、正立3、虚像4、物距等于像距例:装水杯中的勺子弯曲、河中叉鱼(真鱼在观察到的正下方) :能使被照射的物体发热,具有热效应 :能使荧光物质发光 4 / 12

初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.

初中英语语法结构图

初中英语语法结构图 篇一:初中英语语法结构图示 初中英语常用语法结构图示 一、词法: 单数 普通名词可数名词复数,复数变化规则 名词不规则名词复数形式 不可数名词及量的表示 专有名词: 人名、地名、国家名。大写,不加冠词 名词的格’s 多用于有生命的事物 of 多用于无生命的事物 人称代词:主格与宾格:人称代词的排序; 物主代词:形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词 反身代词:构成;Own 的用法 that, this, these, those的用法; 指示代词such, so 的用法,the same as.的用法; so+(助)动词+主语与so+主语+(助)动词的区别。代词one, another, the other, others, other等词的用法; one与it的区别; both,与all的区别;

some, any的用法区别. 不定代词every与each的用法 either,neither,none的用法 -body,-one-thing-where与some, any, every,no的组合;any,many ,a few,few,much,a little,little等词的用法。 疑问代词:who, what, which, whose, whom It的用法表示天气、气候、季节、时间、阴暗、距离、状况等做主语; 作形式主语与形式宾语; 特指 冠词:(a, an, the 作用:定语和表语及其位置. The+形容词=复数名词 用法 单音节词 形容词构成双音节词 多音节词 比较级与最高级不规则词 as+原级+as ;not as(so)+原级+ as 比较级+比较级 The+比较级+范围

初中英语语法知识—祈使句的知识点复习

一、选择题 1.Tom, laugh at(嘲笑)others. It’s not polite! A.don't B.doesn’t C.not D.don't be 2.Peter, here, or I’ll ask you to get out of the library. A.not shout B.don’t shout C.not to shout D.no shout 3.The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not D.Doesn’t 4.Tim,______noisy in the library. A.don’t B.doesn’t C.don’t be D.doesn’t be 5.---Be careful, don’t forget to follow your father. ---I know that, Mum. One can never be too careful. A.and B.or C.but D.so 6._______ afraid of making mistakes. We can learn from our mistakes. A.Be not B.Don’t be C.Not be D.Not to be 7.Cindy, ______ chase other students in the class. A.doesn't B.do C.be D.don't 8.___________really hard, and you can realize your dream of becoming an astronaut. A.Works B.To work C.Working D.Work 9.—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — _________. A.I don't B.I won't C.I will D.I'd like to 10.Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class. A.and B.or C.but D.so 11.-Let's make fruit salad. - _____________ . A.No,I'm not B.Thank you C.That's all right D.That's a good idea 12.good care of yourself when you are alone, or your parents will worry about you. A.Taking B.To take C.Taken D.Take 13.Let’s ____________ volleyball. That _________ good. A.playing, is B.playing, sounds C.play, sounds D.play, is sound 14.Your future is whatever you make it, so ________it a good one. A.to make B.making C.made D.make 15.---Mike, ___________ run in the hallways. 一Sorry, Ms. Clark. A.don't B.doesn't C.let's D.please 16.— Daniel, _________ be late for school again! —Sorry, Mrs. Lin. I won’t. A.doesn’t B.don’t C.isn’t D.won’t

(完整word版)初中物理知识点大全

初中物理知识点大全阿瓦提县英艾日克乡中学

初中物理知识点大全 第一部分:声学部分 一、声音的发生与传播: 1.发生的条件:一切发生的物体都在振动,振动停止发生也就停止。2.传播的条件:声音的传播需要介质(固体、液体、气体),真空不能传播。 3.传播的速度:在15℃的空气中声速为υ = 340 m/s (υ固 > υ液 > υ气 ) 4.声音的反射——回声:回声到达人耳比原声晚0.1s以上才可分开.二、乐音的三个特征(三要素)(乐音:和谐悦耳的声音,它是由发声体有规则的振动产生的。) 1.音调:指声音的高低,由发声体振动的频率决定。 2.响度:指声音的大小,由发声体的振幅,距发声体的远近决定。3.音色:指声音的特色,不同发声体,音色一般不同。 三、噪声: 1.从物理学角度看,噪声指发声体做无规则的振动时发出的声音;从环保角度看,凡是妨碍人们正常休息、学习和工作的声音以及对人们起干扰作用的声音,都属于噪声。 2.等级及危害:等级用分贝(dB)来划分 3.减弱噪声的途径:A在声源处减弱;B在传播过程中减弱;C在人耳处减弱。 四、声音的应用: 1.声音可以传递信息:如医用听诊器、回声定位(测距)、医用“B超”等2..声音可以传递能量:如用声波来清洗钟表、眼镜;用声波击碎人体内的结石等 第二部分:光学部分 一、光的传播规律:光直、光反、光折 二、光的直线传播: 1.条件:在同种均匀介质中; 2.光线:用一根带箭头的直线来表示光的传播路径(物理研究方法:模型法); 3.光速:光在真空中的速度为3×108m/s(3×105km/s)。光在不同介质中传播速度不同。 4.现象:影子的形成,小孔成像,日食、月食等。 5.应用:激光引直挖掘隧道;“三点一线”射击瞄准;把队伍站直等。 三、光的反射: 1.条件:光射到任何物体的表面都会发生反射。

新初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编及答案解析(1)

一、选择题 1.This my sister and those my brothers. A.is, is B.are, are C.is, are 2.Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A.feel B.to feel C.felt D.feeling 3.These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A.well B.wonderfully C.nice D.bad 4.Jim a basketball? A.Does; have B.Does; has C.Is; have 5.—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A.calling; anything wrong B.call; anything wrong C.calling; wrong anything D.call; wrong anything 6.What kind of music ________ he ________? A.does; listen B.does; listen to C.is; listen D.is; listen to 7.Lucy and I ________ good friends. A.am B.is C.are 8.A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A.is;are B.are; is C.is; is D.are; are 9.—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A.be like; rainy B.be like; rain C.like; rain D.like; rainy 10.—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A.am B.is C.are D.be 11.—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A.buys B.looks C.finds 12.Hard work can bring you , but if you are lazy, you won’t become . A.success; success B.successful; success C.success; successful D.successful; succeed 13.—Where_______you come from? —I______from Japan A.are; am B.are; come C.do; come 14.Tom and I ________ good friends. He is twelve(12岁). A.are B.am C.is D.be 15.—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no

初中英语语法知识—祈使句的分类汇编及答案(3)

一、选择题 1.“Sally, ________ afraid of making mistakes in your composition,” said the teacher. A.not be B.don’t be C.be not D.not to be 2.—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Gets 3.—When and where shall we meet tomorrow? —Let’s _______ it 3:00 p. m. at my home. A.do B.make C.meet D.plan 4.______ talk in the library. A.Don’t B.Not C.Not to 5.Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping. A.not B.don't C.won't D.can't 6.Do you want to be healthy? ___. Smiling can help you stay healthy. A.Smiles B.Smiling C.To smile D.Smile 7._______ afraid of making mistakes. We can learn from our mistakes. A.Be not B.Don’t be C.Not be D.Not to be 8.Hurry up, you will be late for school. A.so B.or C.and D.but 9.Do more exercise every day, ________ you’ll be stronger than before. A.but B.for C.and D.or 10.— Study hard, _________ you will pass the exam. —I’m sure I will. A.so B.or C.but D.and 11.___________really hard, and you can realize your dream of becoming an astronaut. A.Works B.To work C.Working D.Work 12.Please ________ to take your homework to school. A.don’t forget B.not forget C.not to forget D.forget not to 13.Sam, ________ your teeth before going to bed. A.is brushing B.brushes C.brush D.has brushed 14.Alice, it's time for school. Let me _______, or I will be late for class. A.go B.come C.to go D.to come 15.Please let me ________you if you meet trouble. A.help B.to help C.helps D.helping 16.It's raining._______an umbrella with you when you go out. A.Takes B.Take C.Taking D.Took 17.________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A.No leave B.Not leave C.Don't leave D.No leaving

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