医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
2017年中国社会科学院考博英语真题及详解 PART Ⅰ Cloze (20 points) Directions: Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. During the mid–1980s, my family and I spent a (1)_____ year in the historic town of St. Andrews, Scotland. Comparing life there with life in America, we were impressed by a (2)_____ disconnection between national wealth and well-being. To most Americans, Scottish life would have seemed (3)_____. Incomes were about half that in the U.S. Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding St. Andrews, 44 percent did not own a car, and we never met a family that owned two. Central heating in this place (4)_____ south of Iceland was, at that time, still a luxury. In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half summer stays since, we (5)_____ notice that, (6)_____ their simpler living, the Scots appeared (7)_____ joyful than Americans. We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher, but never about being underpaid or unable to afford wants. Within any country, such as our own, are rich people happier? In poor countries, being relatively well off does make (8)_____ somewhat better well off. But in affluent countries, where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities, increasing affluence matters (9)_____ little. In the U.S., Canada, and Europe, the correlation between income and happiness is, as University of Michigan researcher noted in a 1980s 16–nation study, “virtually (10)_____”. Happiness is lower (11)_____ the very poor. But
2017英语二真题解析 试题精析 [答案][C] warning 考点：上下文语义理解 解析：空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。其他三项[A] boasting [B] denying [D] ensuring 均不符合此处的语境要求，故均排除。 [答案][A] inequality 考点：上下文语义理解 空格单词后面的句意看到了贫富对比，故作为上文对其进行概括关键应选择inequality。[答案][D] prediction 考点：时态判断 空格之后的内容“holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，”该定语从句是对空格词汇的修饰与说明，既然文中用到了will 这一个表示将来时态的助动词，故答案为prediction。 [答案][A] characterized 考点：后置定语+ 固定搭配 one 4 by purposelessness。其他三项均不符合，故排除。 5.[答案][B] meaning 考点：句间语义理解 Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed.空格所在句后
面的表述与空格前的内容属于并列关系，由逗号连接。答案选择meaning。[A] wisdom [C] glory [D] freedom 这些选项都表示褒义色彩和后面lazy、depressed 矛盾。 6.[答案][B] Indeed 考点：上下文逻辑关系 分析下四个选项可以看出并无体现因果关系故[A] Thus排除，另外instead，nevertheless 表示转折语意，但是上下文逻辑并无体现。故[A]Instead [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless均排除。 7.[答案][C] working 考点：上下文语义理解 One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.根据上下文对比的语意对照应该选择working。前面提到unemployed 。此处在进行对比，故选择表示反义呼应的词working。 8.[答案][A] explanation 考点：句内语意理解+固定搭配 some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. [答案][D] among 考点：句内语义理解、介词辨析 很明显应该指前者的发生范围。浏览四个选项，among“在....中”表示范围，符合此处语义需要，故为答案。 [答案][C] worry about 考点：上下文语义理解+句内语义理解 Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. [答案][C] necessarily
皮肤性病学试题 一、名词解释：（每题4分，计20分） 1、扁平湿疣 二期梅毒疹之一，发生于肛周或外生殖器潮湿部位的丘疹，增殖融合成肥厚片状，触之坚实，比较平滑。 2、皮肤异色症 是指结缔组织病如皮肌炎等患者躯干处出现的境界不清的暗红色斑片，伴有萎缩，毛细血管扩张，色素增加和脱失。 3、多形红斑样皮损 皮疹为多形性，具有靶形或虹膜样特征性的红斑，重症者皮疹泛发，出现水疱大疱，常有粘膜损害，并可伴有严重全身症状。 4、血管神经性水肿 是一种发生于皮下组织疏松部位或粘膜的急性局限性水肿，分获得性及遗传性两种。损害为突然发生的限局性肿胀，累及皮下组织，边界不清。肤色正常或淡红，表面光滑，触之弹性感。皮损一般持续１～３天可渐行消退，亦可在同一部位发复发作。 5、皮肤癣菌病 浅部真菌即皮肤癣菌只侵犯表皮的角质层、毛发和甲板，它们所引起的感染统称为皮肤癣菌病。 二、填空题（每题1分，计10分） 2应用糖皮质激素治疗皮肤病时，为减少其副作用常给患者用些保护胃粘膜制剂、钙制剂、补钾制剂药等。 2，甲癣患者的病原真菌可以有毛发癣菌、小孢子菌、表皮癣菌。 3，例举尼氏征阳性的皮肤病三个大疱型表皮松解性药疹、天疱疮、葡萄球菌性烫伤样皮肤综合症。 4，传染性软疣的病原体是传染性软疣病毒。 三、判断题：(每题1分，计10分，对的打“K”，错的打“×”) 4皮脂腺分布广泛存在于掌跖和指（趾）屈侧以外的全身皮肤，属全浆腺，通常开口于毛囊上部。（K） 5急性淋病男性有尿道口红肿、脓性排泄物，排泄物涂片检查发现革兰氏阳性菌。（×） 6带状疱疹是由单纯疱疹病毒感染引起的一种以沿周围神经分布的群集疱疹和以神经痛为特征的病毒性皮肤病。（×） 7特应性皮炎与其他过敏性疾病无关。（×） 8潜伏梅毒包括一期梅毒和二期梅毒。（×） 9混合性结缔组织病的患者实验室检查中往往RNP为阳性，SM为阳性，预后较好。（×）
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
第一章皮肤的结构 一填空题 1.人体皮肤由＿＿、＿＿、＿＿构成，是人体最大的器官。 2.表皮由内向外一次分为＿＿、＿＿、＿＿、＿＿、＿＿。 3.黑素细胞起源于外胚叶的神经嵴，约在胚胎第三个月时分化为黑素细胞，进入＿＿。 4.成人的表皮主要由角质形成细胞和＿＿两大类细胞组成，后者包括＿＿、＿＿、＿＿。 5.真皮由＿＿、＿＿、＿＿等结缔组织组成，此外还有＿＿及＿＿成分。按部位深浅又分＿＿和＿ ＿。 6.皮肤有＿＿、＿＿、＿＿、＿＿、＿＿等附属器。 二判断改错题 1.正常表皮细胞分裂只在基层发生，正常表皮基底细胞的分裂周期约为13－19天。 2.表皮在正常情况下最薄的一层是角质层。 3.成人皮肤表面积约1.5-2.0m2。 4. 掌跖部的表皮不具有透明层。 三选择题 【A型题】 1.皮肤内的排泄器官有＿＿。C A.真皮的基质 B.毛囊 C.小汗腺 D.淋巴管 E.胶原纤维 2.表皮分为五层，正常情况下最厚的一层是＿＿。C A.颗粒层 B.角质层 C.棘细胞层 D.透明层 E.基底层 3.在基底细胞上部有一种有吞噬作用并能加工及传递接触过敏性抗原的免疫活性细胞，叫＿＿。A A.郎格罕细胞 B.角朊细胞 C.未定型细胞 D.组织细胞 E.棘细胞 4.皮肤及毛发的润泽主要依赖于＿＿。B A.大汗腺 B.皮脂腺 C.小汗腺 D.淋巴管 E.真皮内血管 5.小汗腺分布范围很广，但有的部位缺如。例如＿＿。E A.掌跖 B.面部 C.躯干 D.头皮 E.唇红 6.大汗腺起源于毛囊上皮细胞，主要分布于＿＿。D A.掌跖部 B.四肢伸侧 C.面颈部 D.腋窝、肛门、外生殖器、乳晕 E.指趾间 7.表皮基底层有一种可反射遮蔽紫外线对人体损伤的细胞叫做＿＿。A A.黑素细胞 B.朗格汉斯细胞 C.纤维母细胞 D.组织细胞 E.Merkel细胞 8.皮肤的颜色与下列那个因素无关＿＿。B A.种族 B.身高 C.性别 D.营养 E.部位 9.除下列何处皮肤外均为无毛皮肤＿＿。B A.唇红 B.包皮 C.阴唇内侧 D.龟头
20XX年MBA联考英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty
一、填空：（每空1分，共30分） 1、表皮由分化而来，主要由、、和 细胞构成。根据分化阶段可分为五层，由深至浅分别为、 、、和。 2、梅毒确诊试验为， 梅毒筛选试验为。 3、银屑病临床上可分为、、 及。 4、临床上常见的疣有：、、 及。 6、疥疮好发于皮肤薄嫩部位如：、、 、、 及等。 7、过敏性紫癜临床上可分为型，型， 型，型等。 二、单选题（每题1分，共30分） 1、全身皮肤最薄的部位是（） A 胸部 B 眼睑 C 四肢 D 臀部 2、指甲的生长速度为（） A 每个月1cm B 每2个月1cm C 每3个月1cm D 每年1cm 3、以下关于苔藓样变的描述错误的是（） A 为皮肤局限性粗糙增厚 B 常与搔抓、摩擦及慢性炎症有关 C 皮嵴变平、皮沟变浅 D 主要见于慢性瘙痒性皮肤病 4、以下关于糜烂的描述错误的是（） A 为局限性表皮缺损 B 不累及基底膜带 C 真皮层无改变 D 愈后常有瘢痕 5、以下皮肤病中以疼痛为主要症状的是（） A 慢性单纯性苔藓 B 带状疱疹 C 湿疹 D 荨麻疹
6、哪种剂型更易透皮吸收（） A 软膏 B 霜剂 C 粉剂 D 油剂粉 7、糊剂不适用于以下哪种情况（） A 躯干皮损 B 头部皮损 C 亚急性湿疹，少量渗出 D 急性湿疹，少量渗出 8、水痘-带状疱疹病毒主要潜伏于（） A 真皮层皮肤附属器 B 基底膜带 C 脊髓后根神经节 D 感觉神经轴索 9、引起带状疱疹的病原微生物是（） A 人类乳头瘤病毒 B 麻疹病毒 C 单纯疱疹病毒 D 水痘-带状疱疹病毒 10、浅部真菌病发生的部位不包括（） A表皮 B 真皮 C 毛发 D 指甲 11、马拉色菌毛囊炎的典型皮损为（） A 毛囊性圆形小丘疹 B 毛囊性半球形小丘疹 C 毛囊性角化性丘疹 D 粉刺 12、疥疮的主要传播途径是（） A直接传播 B 血液传播 C 母婴传播 D 消化道传播 13、疥疮的自觉症状为（） A 剧痒，夜间尤甚 B 瘙痒，搔抓后加重 C 瘙痒，日晒后加重 D 偶痒，皮损处轻度压痛 14、特应性皮炎的渗出性损害常见于（） A 新生儿 B 婴儿 C 儿童 D 青年 15、手部湿疹和手癣的鉴别要点主要为（） A 好发部位 B 皮损性质 C 皮损颜色 D 真菌检查 16、慢性湿疹的典型表现是（） A 明显渗出 B 红斑基础上的丘疱疹 C 不同程度的苔藓样变 D 糜烂继发细菌感染 17、急性接触性皮炎的典型皮损为（） A 境界清楚的红斑，其上有丘疹和丘疱疹 B 红斑基础上的水疱和脓疱 C 簇状分布的针尖大小水疱 D 皮肤柔嫩部位的针尖大小丘疹、丘疱疹 18、以下关于亚急性湿疹的临床表现描述错误的是（） A 红肿减轻 B 鳞屑结痂为主 C 可阵发性加重 D 渗出增多 19、血管性水肿应和以下哪种疾病进行鉴别诊断（）
2019武汉大学博士学位英语考试重点复习 一、段落分析 第一课的第三段： Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizatio ns from tiny companies to entire 第一课的第十二段： The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much influential than its parts—the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power—the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than 第八课的第一段： Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题 1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education. A. derive B. deprive C. dispatch D. divert 2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism. A. presiding B. circulating C. floating D. prevailing 5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark. A. victim B. favorite C. prey D. sacrifice 6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. A. break out 、 B. break off C. break from D. break down 7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions. A. stand B. observe C. abide D. precede 8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing 9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题 Section I Use of English Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danahe r says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated