动词的语态（Voices）
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态
被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本构成形式主语+助动词be+过去分词
被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称
各种时态的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态 e.g. The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.
一般过去时的被动语态 e.g. Our house was built in 1979.
一般将来时的被动语态 e.g. This question will be answered by our headmaster.
过去将来时的被动语态 e.g. I knew the room would be cleaned.
现在进行时的被动语态 e.g. Your bicycle is being repaired now.
过去进行时的被动语态 e.g. The man was being questioned by the police.
现在完成时的被动语态 e.g. My car has been repaired.
过去完成时的被动语态 e.g. I heard she had already been sent to hospital.
带情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词
e.g. This must be done as soon as possible.
有些短语动词的被动语态
有些短语动词，如“动词+介词”、“动词+副词”、“动词+名词+介词”，其作用相当于及物动词，也可以由被动语态。在被动语态结构中，介词或副词不可丢掉，且其位置不变。
e.g. My bro ther’s child is taken care of by my mother.
含有两个宾语的被动语态
在多数情况下，把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。 e.g. She was told a long story.
含有复合宾语的被动语态
把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语 e.g. The child was named Tom.
主动语态变被动语态
两种语态结构对比（箭头表示动作方向）
主动语态→→ e.g. He wrote the letter.
被动语态→→ e.g. The letter was written by him.
主动句变被动句的基本步骤
把主动句的宾语作为被动句的主语
把主动句的谓语改为“be+该动词的过去分词”形式，做被动句的谓语，注意be 要根据主语的人称、数和该句的时态要求保持一致
主动句的主语改为by的宾语，有时可省略“by+主语”
主动句变被动句的基本句式
主动句：主语+助动词（情态动词）+谓语+宾语
e.g. We will do that experiment next time.
被动句：主语（原宾语）+助动词（情态动词）+be+过去分词+by+原主语
e.g. That experiment will be done by us next time.
主动句：主语+短语动词+宾语
e.g. The nurse takes good care of us.
被动句：主语（原宾语）+be+短语动词的过去分词形式+by+原主语
e.g. We are taken good care of by the nurse.
主动句：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
e.g. We gave him some magazines.
被动句：主语(间接宾语)+be+过去分词+直接宾语\主语(直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to(for)+间接宾语 e.g. He was given some magazines (by us).\ Some magazines were given to him (by us).
【注】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语
主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
e.g. They chose Tom captain.
被动句：主语（原宾语）+谓语+原宾语补足语
e.g. Tom was chosen captain.
【注】如主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态后要加to
e.g. I saw him go to the church.
He was seen to go to the church.
被动语态的用法
英语中，何时情况下才使用被动语态的举例
不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况 e.g. Silk is produced in Suzhou.
不必说出动作的执行者的情况 e.g. Such books are written for children.
需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况 e.g. She is liked by everyone.
【注】①不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen，take，please，disappear等
e.g. 这件事发生在1989年。
（Wrong）This was happened in 1989.
（Right）This happened in 1989.
②有些动词，如：have，feel，hold，become，rise，look，sound，seem 等只能着眼于表示状态而不强调动作，一般不用于被动语态中。
e.g. 树变绿了。
（Wrong）The trees have been become green.
（Right）The trees have become green.
被动语态和“连系动词+表语（过去分词）”的区别
被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态。前者可用by短语表示动作的执行者，后者则一般不用by短语。
比较：
This book was written last year. The glass was broken by my sister.
这本书是去年写的。（被动语态）玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。
（被动语态）
This book was well written. The glass is broken.
这本书写得很好。（系表结构）玻璃杯破了。（系表结构）
中考英语语法专项练习题及答案中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语 主谓一致 英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】 Ⅰ. 用适当的be动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book. 2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books. 10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook. 13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth. 16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) watching TV after supper. 17. What you said _______ (be) quite useful to us. 18. Look! The class _______ (do) morning exercise on the playground. 19. Twenty years _______ (have) passed since he left his hometown. 20. Three glasses of milk _______ (be) enough for us. Ⅲ. 单项选择 ( )21. Either Tom or I ______ going there tomorrow. A. are B. is C. am D. be ( )22. Jenny as well as her friends ______ swimming. A. are going B. has gone C. were going D. have gone ( )23. No one ______ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked ( )24. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ______ from the USA.
第二篇句法 一、主要句式 (一) 知识概要 初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. ④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here这样的词还有 Police，如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。两个警察为 two policemen。又如 a policewoman, two policewomen⑤所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything，someone，something … 要作为单数如： Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有：and not only … but also，ne ither … nor，either … or如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet，如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true表示选择关系的连词有：or，either … or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果关系的并列连词有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam 在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。①在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不
马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总
一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、 程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通 常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小 姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词 担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打 扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者 “怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由
中考英语语法总复习 Ⅰ词类。 词类英语名称意义例词 名词The Noun (缩写为n) 表示人或事物的名称Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train 冠词The Article (art) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a, an, the 代词The Pronoun (pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词They, his, him, mine, which, all 形容词The Adjective (adj) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, hungry 数词The Numeral (num) 表示数量或顺序Three, thirteen, twenty, second 动词The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副词The Adverb (adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介词The Preposition (prep) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系From, with, at, into, behind, between, for 连词The Conjunction (conj) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句And, or, but, so, because 感叹词The Interjection (interj) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear （一）名词： 专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如China, John, London, the USA, Harbin . 个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如boat, chair, desk, apple . 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如family, people, class, police . 可数名词 普通名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton . 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如health, help, work, friendship . 不可数名词 2．名词的数。可数名词有单复数，不可数名词没有单复数。X| k |B| 1 . c|O |m 3．名词的格：名词有三个格：主格（作主语）、宾格（作宾语）、和所有格。其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化。 （二）冠词 1．定冠词－the . ○1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students are very good. ○2 说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet ? ○3 重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black . ○4 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves around the earth . ○5 形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school . I live in the south . ○6 乐器的名称前常用定冠词－the 。I like playing the piano / violin . ○7 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表某一类人。We should help the poor . ○8 放在某些专有名词前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week . the people’s Republic of China . ○9 放在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching
2020中考英语精华知识点全汇总！ 一．英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构： You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 2、 (1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义：
约翰不象迈克那么笨。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 二．中考考点—词组
中考英语语法专题详解三 介词、连词 一. 介词 1. 介词概述：介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。 2. 常用介词的意义和用法。 ⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别： 表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如： He was born on the night of May 10th. I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning. His glasses are on the desk. My brother is at the bus stop. ⑵after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般过去时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would come back after 6：00. My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month. ⑶since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“持续一段时间”,都常用于完成时态;如：
中考英语语法填空知识点(大全)经典 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小
．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no： no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another:
Ⅰ. 单项选择。 1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2018. A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 2. Would you please tell me ________? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game 3. I don’t know when __________. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 4.---We don’t know _____________. ---It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 5. -What did you say just now? - I asked _____. A. that I could open the door B. could I open the door C. how could I open the door D. how I could open the door 6. - Guess _____ I did yesterday. - I think you went to a party. A. where B. when C. what D. which 7. - Can you tell me _____ your parents at home? - I often wash clothes and sweep the floor. A. how will you help B. how you help C. how you will help D. how do you help 8. Excuse me, but may I ask you ____? A. what business are you in B. what business you are in C. in what business are you D. are you in what business 9. - Can you see ____? - No. Let’s go and have a look. Maybe we can help them. A. what are they doing there B. what was happening there C. what is happening there D. what are they talking there
2017中考英语语法专题详解 一：名词 专题一名词 1. 名词的数 概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。 复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图： 规则 例词 一般情况下加-s apple-apples, ruler-rulers 以s, x, ch，sh,结尾的加-es bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-es city-cities, county-countries 以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves 以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s
在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes， potato-potatoes Hero-heroes，Negro-Negroes 2) 复数的不规则构成法： a.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量) b. 熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students 3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water, meat, air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。 1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。 There is little milk at home. The old man has lots of money. 2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread
一、选择题 1．—Let’s go to Wanda Movie Theater? It has a large screen. —But it is _____________ of all the cinemas in Jinan. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 2．China is ________ country in the world. A．the third largest B．the largest third C．the third large D．a third largest 3．—How is your head teacher? —Our head teacher is _________ with us and we usually feel nervous in his lesson. A．kind B．pleased C．strict D．good 4．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 5．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 6．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 7．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 8．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 9．—Did you watch 2018 CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala in Taian? —Certainly. That night the sky over Taian was as _______ as that in the day with the light. A．bright B．brightly C．brighter D．more brightly 10．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 11．Going for a drive sounds really _______. A．happy B．excited C．boring D．interested 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．—Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda?
专题一名词 Ⅰ.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普 名词。 专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名 公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。（见资料） 如：Yao Ming 姚明； China 中国；Christmas 圣诞节等。 Ⅱ. 可数名词和不可数名词普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数 名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如：an apple; two apples 。 ★注意： a 用于以辅音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前； an 用于以元音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前。 如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/’aepl/ ，a red apple , an hour/’aua/ 2．不可数名词: 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。(1)物质名词。如： water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish(鱼肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)；sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。这类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。如：a cup of tea; two bags of rice; three bottles of water 等。 (2)抽象名词。如： news; music; time(时间); information等。 (3)不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用。 (4)注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。 如：fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。但使用时一定要区分它们表达的不同意义。 Ⅲ. 名词的数 (1)元音或词尾发生变化 如：man→men; woman→women; Frenchman→Frenchmen; tooth→teeth; foot→feet; child→children (2)单复数形式相同 如：sheep→sheep; fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→Japanese; yuan→yuan (3)形式为单数意思为复数如：people，police（集合名词） (4)形式为复数意思为单数如：news, maths, physics, the United States等。 (5)只用复数形式如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。 3. 不可数名词的量的表示：（不能直接用数字；不能直接加a。an；无复数形式）(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等词修饰。 (2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词。 如：a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of water
动词 ( ) 1. -- How long may I ______ your book? --For a week. But you must n’t ______ it to others. A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow ( ) 2. It won’t ______ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai. A. spend B. use C. take D. pay ( ) 3. Mr. Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn’t be B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t ( ) 4. –Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata? --Yes, it ______ really beautiful A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears ( ) 5. Lily finished _______ the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( ) 6. Mrs. Brown isn’t here. She has to ______ her baby at home. A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after ( ) 7. I have to go now. please remember to _______ the lights when you leave.
最新中考英语语法填空知识点总结和题型总结 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小