Computers(一)
本讲目标
In pairs discuss what they have in common.
1. We share a common goal.
2. This illness is common among the children.
3. The twin sisters have something/much/nothing/little in common.
Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.
1. The machine is very simple to use.
2. You can enjoy all the water sports, or simply lie on the beach.
3. The application forms have now been simplified.
题一：
_________ money has been given to him for his moving away.
A. A lots of
B. A great many of
C. A large number of
D. A large sum of
I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
题二：
He was told that it wo uld be at least three months _______ he could recover and return to work.
A. when
B. before
C. since
D. that
题三：
It is ten years ______ I smoked last time.
A. before
B. since
C. till
D. after
As time went by, I was made smaller.
题四：
____ time going by, he changed little by little.
A. As
B. When
C. With
D. For
题五：
_____more and more forests destroyed, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. As
B. With
C. Through
D. For
goes by
1. As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.
2. Did you see a boy go by on a bicycle?
3. It’s not always wise to go by appearances.
As a result, I totally changed my shape.
题六：
完成句子。
1. 努力终归成功。Hard work ____________ success.
2. 成功来自于努力工作。Success _____________ hard work.
3. 他生病了。因此，他没去上学。He was ill. ____________________, he didn’t go to school.
4. 由于生病，他没去上学。___________________________ his illness, he didn’t go to school. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!
题七：
1. The girl had ___ that she nearly died last week.
A. such high a fever
B. so high a fever
C. so a high fever
D. a such high fever
2. There was ___ heavy smoke ___ the helicopters were not able to get close enough.
A. such, that
B. so, that
C. such a, that
D. so a, that
3. He made ___ little progress ___ his parents felt disappointed.
A. such, that B so, that C. such, as D so, as
Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
apply
apply for a job
apply knowledge to practice
apply to teaching
applicant
application
application form
I have been put into space rock ets and sent to explore the moon.
1. We must explore all possible ways to increase food
2. The scientists are exploring every part of the island.
3. No one arrived at the forest bu t Tom wanted to explore it.
Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
goal
1. He has achieved his goal.
2. That last goal was a beauty.
3. That’s the twentieth goal he’s kicked this season.
In a way our programmer is like our coach.
1. In a way he is right.
2. In some ways this job is quite difficult—in other ways it’s simple.
3. In this way, these women can get the equal rights.
4. The chair is in the way, please move it away.
5. By the way, what is your next goal ?
Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.
题八：
We should always keep in mind that accidents ________ from carelessness while driving.
A. rise
B. raise
C. begin
D. arise
Computers(一)
讲义参考答案
本讲目标
题一：D 题二：B 题三：B 题四：C 题五：B
题六：1. results in 2. results from 3. As a result 4. As a result of 题七：1. B 2. A 3. B 题八：D
高中牛津英语模块十一英译汉Unit 1 1.carpenter 2.suited 3.career 4.actually 5.so-called 6.glamorous 7.cushion 8.jet 9.baggage 10.suitcase 11.trunk 12.waiter 13.grocer 14.option https://www.doczj.com/doc/243017619.html,wyer 16.well-paid 17.canyon 18.zone 19.brewery 20.litre 21.shopkeeper 22.barber 23.barbershop 24.cleaner 25.rat 26.go about 27.salesgirl 28.cucumber 29.sly 30.fox 31.cast-iron 32.nerve 33.martial 34.martial art 35.weed 36.spear 37.magician 38.bath 39.bedding 40.bandage
41.ward 42.creative 43.self-confident 44.artistic 45.realistic 46.greengrocer 47.tailor 48.investigative 49.pianist 50.violinist 51.librarian 52.stewardess 53.enterprising 54.take pleasure in 55.typist Unit 2 1.Ltd (Limited) 2.engineering 3.covering 4.covering letter 5.gap 6.gap year 7.session 8.employer 9.employee 10.interviewer 11.off the top of one's head 12.have butterflies in one's stomach 13.refresh 14.yawn 15.razor 16.shaver 17.shave 18.haircut 19.conservative 20.allowance 21.make allowance(s) for 22.roundabout 23.parking 24.look somebody in the eye(s) 25.wag 26.follow something up
高中英语学生能力的培 养精选文档 TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-
高中英语学生能力的培养 在现在的高中英语课堂之中，学生不能够主动地去学习英语，这是造成课堂效率不高的原因。但正是因为教师在教学过程中不去培养学生自主学习的能力造成了这个结果。在以往的教学中，是由教师传授知识而学生接受知识，这是一个单方面的学习过程。这种落后的、单方面的教育模式已经严重地影响了英语的课堂效率。对于学生而言，这种方式不利于他们的学习和身心发展。所以，英语教学必须改革。而课程改革的重点要放在培养学生的实际语言运用能力上，要从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平上出发，培养学生主动地思维和大胆地实践，从而形成自主学习的过程。笔者从事高中英语教学五六年，对于培养学生自主学习能力有一些自己的经验。 一、英语教学中的问题 传统的教学模式放在今天已经不再适合，学校已经随着新课改而改变了自己的教学方式。但是大多数的教师依旧不能改变自己的观念，他们仍旧坚持在课
堂中实行教师的“一言堂”，这是一种错误的观念，这样大多会引起学生对于学习的厌恶。要知道只有一个轻松愉快的课堂才能够让学生自由地发言，大胆地讨论。而新课改中强调了教师在课堂中的位置，他们不再是单一的知识的传授者，而是引导学生去学习，激发学生学习的积极性。培养他们在听、说、读、写这四个方面全面发展。 对于教师而言，英语教学的目的太过于单一。大多的教师只讲高考会考到的知识和语法，而对于高考不涉及的内容只字不提，这固然能够提升学生的英语成绩。但同样会让学生错过听力和口语训练的最佳时期。故此，教师在课堂之中除了语法之外，还应当在课堂之中多与学生进行口语的训练。或者要求学生读一些优美的英语句子或者段落增强自己的语感，甚至可以要求学生尝试自己去翻译句子。这样不仅仅能够帮助学生提升自己的英语翻译能力，还能够帮助学生不再将学习英语作为一个学习任务那么简单，而是将英语作为一门有趣的语言来学习。 二、培养学生的自主学习能力
高中英语语篇教学课堂模式的构建 浙江省桐乡市高级中学 2003年11月8日
目录 1、《高中英语语篇教学课堂模式的构建》开题报告 3 2、注重语篇教学，发展学生能力 ----《高中英语语篇教学课堂模式的构建》课题研究结题报告7 3、有关语篇教学的论文 1）高中英语语篇教学课堂模式探讨16 2）语篇教学模式在中学英语阅读教学中的运用20 3）注重语篇教学，提高写作能力27 4、教案 1）Chapter Three, Oxford English S2A 32 2）Lesson 18, Unit5, SEFC1A 34 3）Sample articles of MNET 38 4）Lesson 33, Unit 9, SEFC 2A 41 5、获奖证书 6、专家鉴定证书
高中英语语篇教学课堂模式的构建 开题报告 一．问题的提出 1. 课题的提出 英语是一门工具性的学科，英语教学的主要目的在于能使学生用英语进行交流，也就是说用英语来表达自己和用英语来理解别人，这就需要我们教师在课堂上调整教学目的，以话语训练为基础，突出基于信息获取的阅读（information-based reading）为语篇教学的主要目的。 2.现状 长期以来，英语教师始终没能，也不敢摆脱升学的指挥棒，热衷于“一支粉笔一本书，教师在讲台上滔滔不绝，学生在底下埋头笔记”的课堂教学模式和教学方法，教师只注重字、词、句的分析和语法讲解，学生的总体英语水平偏低，使用英语的能力差，许多学生只粗略懂一点语法，能辨认一些单词，听、说、读、写能力低下。这一现象极不利于当前的素质教育的开展，极不利于学生英语能力的培养。在这种模式下，往往使学生形成一种听不懂、看不懂、写不出、讲不出的畸形英语。因此，我们要改变这一现状，就必须改变课堂教学模式。 3. 本课题研究的意义 通过对课堂教学模式的改变，能改变学生被动地听的教学形式，能调动学生的积极参与课堂活动，通过听、说等语篇训练来提高学生的英语水平，使英语学习更具有实用性，能改变“哑吧”英语的现状。 二．对语篇教学的课堂模式主要内容的思考 《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》提出高中英语教学目的主要是：“在义务教育初中英语教学的基础上，巩固、扩大学生的基础知识，发展听、说、读、写的基础上，培养在口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重培养阅读能力，并使学生获得一定的自学能力，为继续学习和运用英语切实打好基础……”。 “巩固、扩大学生的基础知识”，我们认为是巩固、扩大学生的词汇知识和语法知识，这一部分无需在课堂上进行大量的讲解，作为教师可侧重进行学法指导；这样“侧重培养阅读能力”就成了课堂教学的主要任务。阅读能力的培养主要是加强对学生语篇理解的培养；只有在语篇理解的前提下，才能发展学生的口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力。而交际能力的培养正是英语学科培养创新能力的核心之所在。因此，我们主张在英语课堂上构建以图式理论和认知理论为指导，以学生为中心，以培养交际能力为目的，以语篇教学法为手段，以发展学生的英语能力为目
Advance with English Module 10 Student's Book 牛津高中英语模块十学生用书 Unit 1 Building the future 第一单元建设未来 Pages 2-3 Reading Part B 第2到3页阅读B部分 M10U1 Reading: Teach a man to fish授人以渔 In 1985, there was little rainfall in Ethiopia, which led to poor harvests and the death of many of the country‘s cattle. The gravity of the situation shocked Bob Geldof, an Irish musician, so he organized a charity concert called Live Aid to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia. The concert took place on 13 July 1985 in two places—London and Philadelphia—and included the biggest stars of the time. Geldof intended the concert to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public more aware of the problem. In the end, $100 million was raised, which was used to buy food and to provide help with development projects in Ethiopia. The concert also made the headlines around the world, and put great pressure on politicians and statesmen to do something about the problem of world hunger. Live Aid was in 1985, but for many people in the developing world, disease and poverty are still a serious problem. According to the United Nations, ten million people die every year of starvation or problems related to having a poor diet. In fact, hunger is the world‘s number one health risk, killing more people than any disease. In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency called the World Food Programme(WFP) in 1963. The WFP has organized a number of programmes, including the Food-for-Life programme, which sends emergency food aid to countries during times of trouble; the Food-for-Growth programme, which targets people most at risk, such as babies, pregnant women and old people; and the Food-for-Work programme, which helps people without jobs support themselves by giving them work and paying them in food aid. Through programmes like these, the WFP has helped more than one billion people since it was set up. This is beyond doubt an amazing achievement, but is it enough? Today, some developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America stand at a crossroads. While they are seeing great development, they are still poorer than many countries in other parts of the world, and there is a danger that they could fall further behind developed countries. They need help, but the sad truth is that merely sending loaves of bread is not enough. It is only a short-term solution to a long-term problem. There is a saying that goes, ?Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for t he rest of his life.‘ In order to find a permanent solution to this long-term problem, countries need to develop so that they can either grow the food they need, or have enough money to buy this food on the world market. What developing countries really need to do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it. One
1 高中英语单词表 2 高中英语单词A开头单 3 1.accept vt.接受，承认 4 5 2.achieve v.达到，取得；完成，实现 6 3.add vi.&vt.加，增加，增进，补充说 7 4.admire vt.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 8 5.admit vt.接纳，让…进入，承认 9 6.advance[] vi.前进，进展vt. 推进，促进，提升，预付n.[C,U]前进，进展，进步，提10 升，预付款 11 12 7.advise vt.劝告，建议 13 8.afford vt.买得起，经受得住，承担得起 14 9.agree[] v.同意，赞成，答应 15 10.allow[] v.允许，准许 16 11.apologize / apologise[] vi.道歉 17 18 12.appear[] vi.出现，看来，似乎 13.apple[] n.[C]苹果 19 20 14.argue[] v.争论，说服，证明 21 15.arrive[] vi.到达，(时间)到来， 得出(结论)，(婴儿)出生 22 23 16.ask[] v.问，要求；请求
24 17.astonish[] vt.使惊讶，使吃 惊 25 26 18.attack[] v.攻击n.[C,U]进攻；(疾 病)发作 27 28 19.attempt[] v.& n.尝试，试图 29 20.attend[] v.出席；照料，护理；注 意 30 21.attract[]vt.引起(兴趣、注意)，31 招引 32 33 22.awake[] v.(awoke, awoken / awaked, awaked)醒，唤醒；使醒adj.(作表语)醒着的 34 高中英语单词B开头单词 35 bake[] v.烤，烘，焙 36 bathe[] v.浸，洗，(在河或海里)洗浴，游泳n.(用单37 数)游泳 38 be[]v.(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)是； 39 在；成为 40 beat[]v.(beat, beaten)敲打，(脉，心脏)跳动，打胜，41 打赢 42 become[] v.(became, become)变得，成为；适合(某43 人) 44 begin[] v.(began, begun)开始，着手 45 believe[] v.相信，认为 46 belong[] vi.属于，为…所有 47 bend[] v.(bent, bent)使弯腰，弯曲，专心于 48
语篇提能 Ⅰ.完形填空 My name is Benjamin Belinski and I don't have a talent (才华) to show at talent night. But every day my teacher asks me to think of __1__. “I'll just have to be __2__， the day of the show，” I tell my __3__ one afternoon. “If you get a cold, be sure to cough on me.” “You must have a talent，” says Kate. “What are you __4__？” “Eating，” I answer. “Watching TV.” “Benjamin, be __5__，” Kate says and turns to our friends, “__6__， guys. What are Benjamin's talents？” “Benjamin is __7__，” says Tommy. “He could make a comedy show.” “Yeah. Every __8__ could be about how I have no talents，” I say. “Benjamin，” says Olivia, “maybe you don't know how to make a comedy show, __9__ you always get us together to do something fun.” What my friends say gets me __10__ and I come up with a plan. My teacher says that's a good __11__. In the next few weeks, I am busy making sure everything is prepared and __12__ for the show. On the night of the big event, when people __13__ the gym, they all agree it looks amazing, when the __14__ begins, each person with an act __15__ whose turn it is to perform. After the last act, __16__ stand on the stage and my teacher says, “Everybody worked hard to put together this impressive night. However, we should give special __17__ to one person for making it go on so smoothly (顺利地). He __18__ behind the scenes, but please give a big hand to a special talent —Benjamin Belinski, Producer！” People __19__ their hands as I step onto the stage. Benjamin Belinski, Producer. I __20__ being a producer and I bet that is my talent. 1．A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 2．A. sick B. popular C. sad D. famous 3．A. teacher B. parents C. audience D. friends 4．A. sure about B. worried about C. angry at D. good at 5．A. excited B. quiet
1
创业培训课程一、四大培训特色： 3
1、全实战专家授课：授课老师全部都是具有资深企业管理、运营经验的企业家、企业高管、投资人等，通过传授自身的企业运营经验，给创业培训班学员带来务实的指导和帮助！课堂之外，我们根据创业业者不同层次、不同阶段的不同需求，邀请资深专家给学员提供个性化服务，伴随创业者一路成长。 2、案例教学。我们以案例教学、头脑风暴、企业参访、角色互动等方式，让学员分组讨论学习商业计划书的写作，以帮助学员更系统地分析创业计划，在实践中更容易获得投资人的赏识。学员通过系统的学习创业知识，不仅能够提升创业能力，降低创业风险，还能结交到良师益友。 3、模拟商战。引入全球模拟公司联合体中国中心的“金马兰创业实训平台”，组织学员模拟现实市场环境，进行实战演练。通过创业实训平台的学习，学员对企业经营管理有更深入的理解。 4、增值服务。我们以创业培训为基础，整合各类创业资源，为学员提供融资、法律、财务、营销、媒体、孵化器等各类资源，充分满足学员的个性化需求，以最大程度地帮助学员创业成功。学员结业后均可加入第一创业俱乐部，参加我们举办的各类主题的创业讲座、沙龙、论坛、项目路演、聚会等，我们将为学员提供持续、有效、完善的增值服务。二、培训目标： ·掌握创业的基本要素、实施步骤、开业流程及经营技能，提升创业能力，降低创业风险； . 掌握商业模式、品牌管理、项目评估、市场营销、财务管理、商务沟通、股权架构、团队领导力等系统的创业知识； ·了解现阶段的创业环境及政府的相关创业补贴和扶持政策； ·规划创业生涯，掌握撰写切实可行的创业计划书的方法； 三、内容： 品牌命名与商标注册 市场开发与营销推广 股权分配与公司治理 公司财务规划与管理 团队领导力培养与提升 商业计划书写作 投资收益风险评估 环境分析 项目确定公司注册 创业计划开业准备 公司经营与管理 公司交易 创业能力测评 风险管理 项目路演 商务沟通 4
高中英语学习材料 （灿若寒星*制作整理） 语篇专练1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Too many people want others to be their friends，but they don’t give friendship back.That is why some friendships don’t last very long.To have a friend，you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules：be honest；be generous(宽宏大量的)；be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth，people usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest，you may lose your friend’s trust.Good friends always rely on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them，you help your friend know better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so that you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are exactly alike(相同的)．But all true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends，you must practice honesty，generosity and understanding. 语篇解读本文介绍了做一个好的朋友的三个要素。 1．Some friendships don’t last long because . A．there are too many people who want to make friends B．those who give others friendship receive friendship from others C．some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back D．they don’t know friendship is something serious 答案 C 解析细节理解题。根据文章前两句“Too many people want others to be their friends，but they don’t give friendship back.That is why some friendships don’t last very long.”可知答案。2．According to the passage，honesty is .
牛津高中英语模块十一单词表 Unit1 1.carpenter木工，木匠n. 2.suited合适，适当a. 3.career职业，生涯；事业n. 4.actually实际上，事实上ad. 5.so-called所谓的；人称……的a. 6.glamorous有吸引力的，迷人的，非同凡响的a. 7.cushion坐垫，靠垫，垫子n. 8.jet喷气式飞机n. 9.baggage行李n. 10.suitcase手提箱n. 11.trunk旅行箱；树干；象鼻n. 12.waiter（男）服务员n. 13.grocer食品杂货商n. 14.option选择；选修课n. https://www.doczj.com/doc/243017619.html,wyer律师n. 16.well-paid薪酬丰厚的a. 17.canyon峡谷n. 18.zone地带，区域n. 19.brewery啤酒厂n. 20.litre升（容量单位）n. 21.shopkeeper（小商店）店主n. 22.barber（为男士理发、修面的）理发师n. 23.barbershop（男士）理发店n. 24.cleaner清洁工；吸尘器；清洁剂n. 25.rat老鼠n. 26.goabout忙于某事；继续做某事 27.salesgirl女店员，女售货员n. 28.cucumber黄瓜n 29.sly狡猾的，诡诈的a. 30.fox狐狸n. 31.cast-iron坚强的；铸铁制的a. 32.nerve神经；勇气n. 33.martial战争的，军事的a. 34.martialart武术（常用复数形式） 35.weed杂草n.除草vt. 36.spear矛；标枪n. 37.magician魔术师；巫师n. 38.bath洗澡；浴缸n. 39.bedding被褥，铺盖n. 40.bandage绷带n.用绷带包扎vt. 41.ward病房；选区n. 42.creative有创造力的；创造性的a.
Book One Module One My FIRST Day at Senior High Reading and vocabulary I. Words 1 introduction n 介绍 introduce v. 介绍 introduce…to…向。。。介绍。。。 introduce oneself to 向。。。做自我介绍 introduce sb to sth. 使某人认识/了解某事 introduce…to …把。。。引进 Examples: 1) Before the meeting began. I made some necessary introductions.开会之前我做了一些必要的介绍。 2) Allow me to introduce my new fried Jack to you.请允许我向你介绍我的朋友杰克。 3) My father introduced me to the game of football.我父亲让我了解了足球比赛。 4) Tabacoo was introduced into Europe from America.烟草从美国引入欧洲。 2 amazing adj.令人惊奇的 amaze v 令人惊奇 amazing 令人惊奇的 amazed 感到惊奇 be amazed at/by 对。。。感到惊奇 be amazed to do感到惊讶做某事 be amazed that-clause 因。。而感到惊讶 Examples 1）I find it amazing that you can’t swim.你竟不会游泳，我觉得这很令人吃惊。 2) We were amazed at /by the change in his appearance . 我们对他外观的改变感到惊异. 3) I brought us an amusing piece of news .他给我们带来了惊人的消息 4) His answer amused me very much.。他的回答是我们很惊奇 归纳拓展:与其相同用法的使动词有： bore vt.使厌烦 bored adj.感到厌烦的. boring adj.令人厌烦的，无聊的 embarrass vt.使尴尬 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的/难堪的 embarrassing adj.尴尬/不好意思 disappoint vt.使失望 disappointed adj.感到失望的 disappointing adj.令人失望的 surprise vt.令人吃惊 surprising adj令人吃惊的 surprised adj.感到吃惊 tire/interest/exhaust/move/excite等 3 similar adj.相似的 be similar to …和。。。相似 similarly adv 相似地.
基于语篇分析的高中英语阅读教学的行动研究 摘要：社会的信息化和经济的全球化使国际通用英语成为重要的信息载体之一，但是我国的英语教育现状还不满足经济和社会发展的需求。新一轮课程改革的重点就是改变英语课程过分重视词汇和语法知识的讲解，而忽视学生英语应用能力的倾向，强调激发学生的兴趣并使他们根据自己已有的知识积极体验学习的过程，因此获得综合语言运用能力、主动思维能力和自主学习能力等。 阅读理解能力是高中英语教学的主要任务。英语教学大纲明确指出：在高中英语教学中，要综合运用听、说、读、写能力，在进一步提高听说读写能力的同时，侧重培养阅读能力。传统的教学法的遗憾是过分注重句法、词汇的教学，不重视篇章的建构和解读，而语篇分析弥补了此遗憾。语篇分析是对表达完整意义的篇章，进行微观和宏观的研究。微观的研究是通过剖析词义、句法以及句子与句子之间的关系来识别语篇衔接的方法。宏观的研究是通过分析语篇的整体结构来理解它的深刻涵义。对语篇分析理论与高中英语阅读教学进行研究不仅对中学英语阅读课堂教学具有理论上的指导意义，而且具有很强的实用价值。英语阅读理解能力的高低更多地依赖学生对语篇而不是单个句子的理解能力。在高中英语阅读教学中通过对学生文体知识的培养、文章整体结构的分析、篇章文化内涵的挖掘，着力培养学生的语篇能力，从而能在根本上提高学生的阅读理解能力。 本文将着重探讨如下问题：在高中英语阅读教学中，该如何结合学生的学习实际，运用语篇分析理论和阅读理论，总结出适合中国学生学情的语篇教学模式；语篇教学在英语阅读实际教学中的应用及其意义；通过行动研究，对提高学生猜测生词能力，把握文章、段落主题能力，阅读速度和阅读准确率等进行分析，帮助高中英语教师探索出更符合学生实际的英语阅读教学模式，从而根本上提高学生的阅读理解能力。 关键字：语篇分析英语阅读教学行动研究 一、理论 1.1语篇分析的基本概念 1.1.1语篇的概念 语篇的概念源于语篇分析或称篇章语言学(text linguistics)、话语分析(discourse analysis)。英美学者喜欢用discourse analysis的居多，而欧洲大陆学者多用text linguistics。(黄国文，2001)无论是篇章语言学，还是话语分析，最终都要落实在记录下来的语言材料(书面语的或是口语的)上。从这个角度看，两者所讨论的内容实际上是一致的。我国学者北大教授胡壮麟先生把语篇定义为“任何不完全受句子语法约束的在一定语境下具有完整语义的自然语言”。韩礼德(M.A.K. Halliday)在他的著作《英语衔接》(Halliday and Hasan，1976)中，将语篇定义为”any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole”。从这个定义来看，一句问候、一首小诗均为语篇。
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
高一英语主要语法点 必修一：直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句)；现在进行时表将来；定语从句 必修二：定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提)；被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三：情态动词；名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句) 必修四：主谓一致；非谓语动词(V-ing) ；构词法 必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法 必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句 五单元同位语从句 必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法 必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句 人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship
一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4 on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则