1.地理
altitude海拔高度Antarctic南极的Antarctica南极洲
Arctic北极的
arid 干旱的
Basin盆地
canal运河
Canyon峡谷
cavern (cave)巨洞，洞窑channel海峡
cleft 缝隙，劈开的
cliff悬崖
coastland沿海地区
collide碰撞
continent大陆
continental drift大陆漂移continental island 大陆岛continental shelf 大陆架contour 轮廓，等高线copper铜
coral island珊瑚岛
core地核
core地核
cosmopolitan世界性的crack 裂缝
crest山顶
crevice (墙壁,岩石等的)裂缝crust地壳
cycle天体的轨道
dam水坝
debris碎片
delta三角洲
demolish破坏,粉碎deposit 堆积物；沉淀物；沉积；矿床
desert 沙漠
diffuse传播,扩散disintegration分解dispose处理,处置distribute散布,分布diversity多样性
dormant休眠的（火山）drill钻孔earthquake地震
ebb衰落
edge边缘,边界
elevation抬升；高地；海拔
eliminate排除
endemic 风土的，地方的
epicenter震中
equator赤道
erode侵蚀
erosion腐蚀，侵蚀
evaporation蒸发
Expedition 探险
extinct volcano死火山
extract 开采，提炼
fault plane 断层面
fieldstone卵石
flaw裂缝
formation 形成
frontier边境
frost heaving冻涨现象
gap缝隙
geographer 地理学家
geography地理
geothermal 地热的
gorge峽谷
Grand Canyon大峡谷
gulf（arm）海湾
hemisphere 半球
highland 高地
hillside 山坡
horizon地平线
horizontal 水平的
igneous rock火成岩
incandescent 白炽的
infertile贫瘠的
insular 海岛的
insulate隔离
island 岛屿
islet小岛
latitude纬度
ledge矿层，矿脉
longitude 经度，经线
lowland低地
margin (湖,池等的)边缘
marine航海的
maritime海上的
melt 融化
meridian子午线
mountainchain山脉
mountainrange 山脉
navigation航海
oasis 绿洲
offshore海面上的,远离岸的
outskirt外边，郊区
parallel 平行圈，纬线
peninsula 半岛
plain平原
plateau (highland)高地
precipice 悬崖
range山脉，多山的地区
region区域，地方
salinity 盐度
sea-floor spreading海床扩张
sediment 沉淀物
smelt 冶炼
straits 海峡
subsidiary辅助的，补充的
subterrane表层下基岩
subterranean地下的
summit,top,crest,peak顶峰
tectonics构造学
temperate 温带的
terrain 地形
terrestrial 地球的，陆地的
terrestrial magnetism地磁
tide潮汐
topography 地形，地形学
tropical热带的
tropic回归线
volcanic island火山岛
zone地域
2地质
active volcano活火山
aluminum铝
bonanza富矿带
borehole地上凿洞
cataclysm 灾难
continental crust大陆地壳
crater 火山口
diamond钻石
dormant volcano 休眠火山emerald翡翠
erupt 喷出，爆发eruption爆发
fault断层
gem宝石
geologic survey 地质调查Geologist地质学家geology地质学geomagnetism地磁学geonomy 地球学
glacial冰川的；冰河时代的glacial epoch冰川期glacier冰川
granite花岗岩
iceberg 冰山
inner core内核
iron铁
Jurassic period侏罗纪时期knot山脉的交结点landlocked area内陆
lava火山岩浆
layer (stratum,,pl:strata)地层lead铅
limestone 石灰岩lithosphere岩石圈
lodge小屋
longitude经度
lower reach下游
magma岩浆
magnitude 地震震级mantle地幔
marble大理石metamorphic rock 变质岩mineral 矿物；矿石mountain slope山坡
nickel镍
nitrogenous氮的
North Pole 北极Northern Hemisphere北半球ocean bottom海床oceanic crust海洋地壳orbit轨道
ore矿石
outburst爆发，突发
outer core外核
peak山顶
petrify 石化
pit深坑
plate板块
platinum 白金，铂
quartz石英
quartzite 石英岩
ravine峡谷
reclaim开垦,垦殖
reef暗礁
relic遗迹
remains残余物
remnant残余物
remove移动
Richter scale李氏震级
ridge脊背
rift (crack; split)裂缝；断裂
riverbed河床
ruby红宝石
sedimentary rock
沉积岩
seism地震
seismic地震的
seismic focus 震源
seismic intensity烈度
seismic intensity scale 地震
强度分级
seismic map地震图
seismic plane地震面
seismic prospecting地震勘探
seismic ray地震波射线
seismic wave地震波
seismogeography
地震地理学
seismogram地震图
seismograph地震仪
seismology地震学
seismometer
seismometry地震测量
seismoscope 地震波示波仪
silver银
slope斜坡
sodium钠
South Pole南极
Southern Hemisphere南半球
speculate推测
spring泉水
squirt喷出
Stone Age石器时代
stratigraphy地层学
subcontinent次大陆
sulfur硫磺
summit山顶
swamp沼泽
temperate温带的
terrestrial heat 地热
terrestrial magnetism地磁学
thaw解冻
time zone时区
tin锡
tremor颤动
tributary支流
Tropic of Cancer北回归线
Tropic of Capricorn南回归线
tropical rain forest热带雨林
tunnel隧道,地道
upper reach上游
valley山谷
vegetation植被
vertical垂直的
volcanic 火山的
volcanic ash火山灰
volcanic dust火山尘
volcano 火山
volcano eruption火山爆发
watershed 分水岭
zinc 锌
3 动物学
adaptation适应
adder小毒蛇
alga (复数algae)藻类
alligator美洲鳄
amphibian两栖动物
amphibian两栖动物
anatomy解剖学
ancestry系谱，血统animal adaptation动物适应性animal cognition
动物的认知能力
animals communicate
动物交往
antenna触须(pl:antennae) anthropoid类人猿aquarium养鱼池
aquatic 水生的,水栖的arachnid蜘蛛类的节肢动物armor甲
artery动脉
asymmetric不对称
auk海雀
baboon 狒狒
bacteria细菌
balance生态平衡
bat 蝙蝠
beak喙,鸟嘴
beast兽
beaver水獭
biological vacuum
生物演变真空期
biologist生物学家
bivalve 双壳类
blood cell血液细胞
brant黑雁
breed n品种；v繁殖buffalo 美洲野牛
burrow洞穴
canary金丝雀
carnivore食肉动物carnivorous食肉类的carrion crow 吃腐肉的乌鸦caterpillar 毛虫
caviar 鱼子酱centipede蜈蚣chameleon 变色龙chemical composition
化学成分
chimpanzee黑猩猩chipmunk花栗鼠chirp唧唧喳喳叫
cicada蝉
circulatory system循环系统
clam /蛤蜊
claw爪子
cobra 眼镜蛇
cockroach 蟑螂
cocoon (蚕)茧；(昆虫的)卵袋
coelenterate腔肠动物
cold-blooded 冷血
cold-blooded animal
冷血动物
compound eye复眼
coral珊瑚
crab蟹
crane鹤
crayfish 淡水小龙虾，蝲蛄
cricket蟋蟀
crocodile鳄鱼
crow 鸦
Darwinism达尔文学说
degeneration
die out灭绝
digestion 消化
digestive enzyme消化酶
digestive system 消化系统
dinosaur恐龙
diving 潜水
dolphin海豚
domesticate驯养
eagle 鹰
earthworm蚯蚓
echolocation声波定位
ecologist生态学家
ecology生态学
ecosystem生态系统
eel鳗鲡
eland 大羚羊
electric fish 发电鱼
endangered species
濒危物种
Entomology昆虫学
environment 环境
evolution 进化
excretory system排泄系统
exposure 暴露
extinction灭绝
falcon猎鹰
fang 毒牙
fauna动物群
feather羽毛，翎毛
fertilize使…受精；施肥
finch 雀(如燕雀、金翅雀等)
flock羊群
fluffy茸毛似的
food chain 食物链
form-changing animal变形
动物
fowl家禽
frog青蛙
fuzzy有茸毛的
genetics 遗传学
genus种类
glue-like胶状
golden eagle鹫
gorilla大猩猩
grasshopper蚂蚱
greasy多脂的
gregarious (social)群居的
habitat 栖息地
hair毛发
hatch孵化
hawk鹰
herbivore食草动物
herbivorous食草的
herd兽群
heredity遗传
hibernation冬眠
hide兽皮
hive蜂巢
homotherm恒温动物
hopper单足跳者；跳虫〔如
跳蚤、干酪蛆等）
hormonal system内分泌系统
hormone荷尔蒙，激素
horn 角
hornet 大黄蜂
hump驼峰
ingestion 摄食
insect昆虫
insecticide杀虫剂invertebrate无脊椎动物
jaw 颚
jellyfish水母
larva幼虫；幼体（pl:lavae）lizard蜥蜴
lobster龙虾
mammal哺乳动物mandible下颚,下颚骨mantis螳螂
marine biology海洋生物学mate交配metamorphosis变形microbe微生物
migrate迁移
migratory迁移的
molecule 分子
mollusk软体动物
molt脱毛
monogamous一雌一雄的；单配的
moose驼鹿
moth蛾子
multiply繁殖
mutation 变种
natural selection自然选择nerve神经
nest 筑巢pl.nestle
nit幼虫，卵
octopus 章鱼
offspring (young)后代omnivorous杂食的
order目
organ器官
Ornithology 鸟类学osprey鱼鹰
ostrich鸵鸟
otter水獭
owl猫头鹰
oyster牡蛎
paleontologist古生物学家paleontology古生物学parasite寄生虫
peck啄
penguin企鹅
perch（鸟）飞落；暂栖
pest 害虫
pesticide杀虫剂
plankton 浮游生物
poikilotherm冷血动物
polyandrous一妻多夫的，一
雌多雄的
prairie dog草原土拨鼠，草
原犬鼠
prawn对虾
predator食肉动物
predatory食肉的
prey被捕食的动物（v.捕食）
primate灵长类动物
pupa蛹
raccoon浣熊
rattlesnake响尾蛇
raven大乌鸦
regeneration再生
reproduce繁殖
reproductive system生殖系统
reptile爬行动物
respiration呼吸
respiratory system呼吸系统
rhinoceros犀牛
robin知更鸟
rodent啮齿动物
ruminant反刍动物
salamander 蝾螈
scale鳞片
scorpion蝎子
scuba 水下呼吸器
sea-urchin海胆
secretion分泌；分泌物
shell壳
shrimp小虾
skeleton骨骼，骷髅
slothful懒惰的
snail蜗牛
solitary独居
spawn卵；产卵
species物种
specimen标本
speciology物种学
spider蜘蛛
spinal cord脊椎
spine脊骨
spineless无脊骨的
spleen脾
sponge海绵
squid鱿鱼
squirrel松鼠
starfish海星
sting针,刺,螫
stork鹳
stun使晕倒
suborder亚目
survival生存
swarm蜂群
symbiosis 共生现象
symbiotic 共生的
symmetry对称
tadpole蝌蚪
tentacle触须
tissue 组织
toad蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆
toe趾
trap诱捕
turtle海龟
tyrannosaurus暴龙
unfertilized eggs未受精的卵
variation 变异；变体
venom毒液
vertebrate脊椎动物
vestige退化的器官
victim牺牲者，受害者
viper蝰蛇
vitamin维生素
vulture秃鹫
warm-blooded animal温血
动物
wasp黄蜂
whale鯨
wild life野生
wing翅膀
worm虫
Zoology动物学
4考古学
ancestor 祖先
ancient civilization古代文明anthropologist人类学家antique古董
antiquity古代，古老archaeologist考古学家Archaeology考古学archaic古老的
artifact 人造物品
ascend攀登，上升Bronze Age（青）铜器时代chronological按年代顺序排列的
clan氏族；部落
cranial颅骨的
Cultural relics文物excavate (unearth)挖掘exhume掘出，挖出
fossil化石
hominid原始人类
Iron Age铁器时代Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic Age新石器时代Paleoanthropology古人类学Paleolithic Age旧石器时代porcelain瓷器，瓷Prehistoric史前的primitive 原始的
Rock painting岩画
Ruin遗迹，废墟
scoop铲子
skull头骨
tribe部落
5美术与建筑
Architect建筑学家architecture建筑学
art gallery美术馆autograph真迹calligraphy书法
Castle城堡
cathedral大教堂framing装框
imitating临摹
impressionistic style印象派
风格
landscape painting山水画
mosque清真寺
oil painting油画
panorama全景画
paste裱糊
pastel drawing彩粉画
perspective透视画法
portrait肖像画
poster 招贴画
pyramid金字塔
repair person修理工
sketch素描
skyscraper摩天楼
Sphinx狮身人面像
the Statue of Liberty自由女
神像
the Triumphal Arch凯旋门
6农业
agricultural农业的
agriculture农业
aquaculture水产业
arable可耕的
barn谷仓
conservatory温室
cotton棉花
cowshed牛棚
cultivate 培养，耕作
cultivation培养，教养
eggplant茄子
fertile肥沃的
fodder饲料
garlic大蒜
granary谷仓
graze放牧
greenhouse温室，花房
harvest收获
hay干草
haystack干草堆
horticulture园艺
husbandry管理
hydroponics水耕法
indigenous本土的
irrigate灌溉
livestock家畜
manure 施肥于
orchard 果园
pasture牧地
pigpen猪舍
plantation耕地，种植园
poultry家禽
prolific多产的，丰富的
ranch大农场
seedbed苗床
silt淤泥
tractor拖拉机
weed野草
7气象学
atmosphere大气层
avalanche (snow slide)雪崩
balmy温和的
barometer气压计
blast一阵
blizzard暴风雪
breeze微风
chilly 寒冷的
climate气候
convection对流
cumulonimbus积雨云
current（气）流
cyclone气旋
damp (wet; moist; humid)潮
湿的
devastation破坏
dew露
disaster大灾难
downpour倾盆大雨
drizzle 细雨
droplet小水珠
drought旱灾
dust storm尘暴
evaporate蒸发
fog (mist)雾
forecast (predict)预报
frigid寒冷的
托福听力高频词汇 1 acrophobia 恐高症 Acro-高;phobia-恐惧 2 affiliate 支部;分会;子公司 3 aperitif 饭前酒 Aperient 泻药 4 appetizer 开胃菜 5 ASAP =as soon as possible 越快越好 6 baggage claim 行李提领处 7 banner 标语;旗帜建筑物禁止(ban贴标语 8 bill of lading 提货单( 9 billiards 台球,撞球 Billion和Milliard都是“十亿”的意思 10 boarding pass 登机牌 11 bond 债券 12 brainstorm 脑力激荡,集思广益 13 brochure 小册子Broke+“袖”,把袖子剪破就可以放小册子 14 buckle up 系安全带 15 buffet 自助餐
16 burglar 窃贼;夜间入屋行窃的小偷 Burgle-“不够”,盗贼永远都不会满足 17 buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权;收购全部 18 checkout 结帐退房的时间 check out 办理退房;结帐离开 19 chef 主厨;大厨注意读音有点像“学府”,现在连厨师都要学历 20 choreography 舞蹈设计;编舞 Chore 家务,芙蓉姐姐表演过个干家务活舞蹈 21 circular 广告;传单;通告传单到处发太浪费,应该循环利用(circulate 22 commitment 承诺;许诺( 23 concierge 管理员;门房“看戏碍着”,去看戏忘了带票,被看门的拦着 24 consignee 收件人;受托人 25 contagious 接触传染的 26 contractor 立契约人;承包商 27 convertible 敞篷车,可改变的 28 conveyance 运输;交通工具 Convey 搬运,传达 29 cost-effective 符合成本效益的 30 courier 递送急件的信差;邮物专递公司 Carrier 邮递员 31 crash landing 迫降
托福听力分类词汇汇总
植物学 botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶 leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生 stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝 flower花bud 花蕾petal花 瓣peel / skin 果皮 shell（硬）果 壳 husk（干）果 壳/（玉米苞叶 trunk树干 bark树皮 branch树枝 bough大或者 粗的树枝 twig小树枝 jungle丛林 lawn草 meadow草地/ 牧场prairie大 草原mosses苔 藓shrub / bush灌木 cluster一簇 （灌木） fern蕨类植物 horsetails木 贼类植物 club mosses石 松类植物herb 草 photosynthesi s光合作用 chlorophyll 叶绿素 symbiosis共 生 symbiotic 共生 的 wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen花粉
pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交 root pressure 根压 bore腔/肠cohesion-tensi on凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水 化合物（淀粉） glucose葡萄 糖starch淀粉 fat 脂肪 protein蛋白 质 vitamin 维他 命 malnourished 营养不良的 nutrition 营养 perennial 多年 一生的 annual一年一 生的 verdant 嫩绿 的，翠绿的 evergreen常 青树 conifer tree针 叶树 larch 落叶松 pine松树 spruce云杉 juniper 刺 柏；杜松 sequoia红杉 elm榆树 walnut核桃树 redwood红木 树 plum blossom 梅花 orchid兰花 chrysanthemu m 菊花 water lily荷花 /莲花 rhododendron 杜鹃花 carnation康 乃馨 jasmine茉莉
CONVERSATION 1.课程相关事务场景 intro / basic course introductory intermediate (level) course higher course sign up for … register get enrolled in ?Discussion讨论n, presentation个人陈述n, topic话题，主题n, lecture演讲（n.）good choice好的选择, slide幻灯片n, library图书馆n, collection收集n, check支票n, librarian 图书馆管理员n Report报告n, office hour 教授答疑 ?时间, submit 上交v, on disk在磁盘上, hard copy硬皮书, soft copy软皮书, computer电脑n, print打印v, computer lab电脑实验室 ?Project工程，计划n, tons of很多（a ton of ,tons of), cover 覆盖, re-write重写v, research data研究数据, information 信息n, input投入n,输入v, presentation个人陈述n, complete完整的adj, 完成vt semester seminar
?Term paper学期报告, grade分数，成绩n, complicated复杂的adj, terrible mistake严重的（糟糕的）错误, edited version编辑过的版本, submit上交n, overtired过度劳累adj, stressed有压力的adj, rushing（急急忙忙的）against the clock争分夺秒, mark标记，分数n, draft起草vt，草图n, print打印vt（printer打印机n）, final paper期末论文, maintaining average保持平均水平, application申请n, drop 扔掉, re-take重上, due到期的adj, extension延期n, discuss 讨论vt, check back查阅记录, re-reading评价, submission 上交n ?Information信息n, exam schedule考试规划表, term术语，学期n, date日期, book预定vt，书n, ?apartment公寓department部门，院系; appointment 预约?departure离开depart 离开, invigilator监考人n, ?sign up for a course选择选修课程 ?（required必须的/compulsory 被强制的course必修课）（selective/elective/optional course选修课）（register注册）, sheet纸张=paper（a sheet of 张，表量词）, ?bulletin board公告栏, faculty lounge教师休息室, square正方形，广场n, draft起草，草图, dean系主任=department chair(person), review评估, draw up起草=draft=first version, ?Manual手工（manufacture制造)，consult咨询, register 注册 Physiology 生理学100, sophomore大学二年级生, second year course第二年课程, first year student新生, transfer转变, begin my first lecture开始我的第一堂课, introduce介绍，引进, complete完整的，完成, approach方法n，接近vt, laws of physics and chemistry法律的物理和化学, process of life生命的过程, vital force机体，生命力, philosophical approach哲
小马备考包—— 之听力真题词汇-人体生理&心理 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2712664734.html,/ 全部来自托福听力真题——————假一罚十！哈哈马骏万岁^-^这是神马老师？？？恩，这是神马老师。。。。。。。。。。。 基础薄弱者必须掌握！！！！！！！！！！！ 背什么词汇最有效？？？ 你的词汇书列出给你的单词是否都是有用的？？？ 你每天背单词的时候是否想过这些你玩命背了忘忘了背的词是否真的会在你的阅读或者听力里出现呢？？？ 快扔掉单词书。。。。背真题词汇吧！！！。。。。。 小马整理来自历年的（1）托福笔试PBT和（2）机考CBT的真题！！！！——这才是你需要的单词。
1.intelligence 智力 2.narrow 狭隘的 3.account for 说明 4.adapt to 使适应 5.ear plug 耳塞 6.corner 角落 7.be aware of 意识到 8.aspect 方面 9.model 模式 10.environment 环境 11.advantage 优势 12.traditional 传统的 13.predict 预测 14.academic success 学术成就 15.reliably 可靠的 16.previous 以前的 17.score 计分 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2712664734.html,plete 完整的 19.diagnose 诊断 20.experiment 实验 21.noise 噪音 22.reduction 削减 23.theoretical 理论的 24.influence 影响 25.performance 进行 26.illustrate 说明 27.improve 改善 28.habit 习惯 29.conduct 进行 30.underline 强调 31.importance 重要性 32.recent 最近的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2712664734.html,monly 通常 34.recall 回忆起 35.consider 考虑到 36.try to 尝试 37.relationship 关系 38.tend to 倾向于 39.select 选择 40.suppose 假设 41.roommate 室友 42.quiet 安静 43.in order to 为了
老托福听力93篇(45-46)-So, why did what is now 45 So, why did what is now called "modern dance" begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, I'll need to backtrack a little bit and talk about classical ballet. By the late 1800's, ballet had lost a lot of its popularity. Most of the ballet dancers who performed in the United States were brought over from Europe. They performed using the rigid techniques that had been passed down through the centuries. Audiences and dancers in the United States were eager for their own, "contemporary" dance form. And, so, around 1900, dancers created one. So, how was this "modern" dance so different from classical ballet? Well, most notably, it wasn't carefully choreographed. Instead, the dance depended on the improvisation and free, personal expression of the dancers. Music and scenery were of little importance to the "modern" dance, and lightness of movement wasn't important either. In fact, modern dancers made no attempt at all to conceal the effort involved in a dance step. But even if improvisation appealed to audiences, many dance critics were less than enthusiastic about the performances. They questioned the artistic integrity of dancers who were not professionally trained and the artistic value of works that had no formal structure. Loie Fuller, after performing Fire Dance, was described as doing little more than turning "round and round like an eggbeater." Yet, the free, personal expression of the pioneer dancers is the basis of the "controlled freedom" of modern dance today. 【生词摘录】 1. backtrack: v. (由原路)返回，后退 2. ballet: n. [C]芭蕾舞 3. rigid: adj. 严格的 4. contemporary: adj. 当代的 5. choreograph: v. 设计舞蹈动作，精心编排 6. improvisation: n. 即席创作 7. scenery: n. 舞台布景 8. lightness: n. 轻盈，灵活 9. conceal: v. 隐藏 10. eggbeater: n. [C]打蛋器 11. pioneer: adj. 先驱，创始人 12. controlled freedom: 克制的自由 46 Today I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The term "fossil fuel" refers to the trapped remains of plants and animals in sedimentary rock. You see, living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis, and they store the energy in their chemical compounds. Most of that energy is released when the plant dies and decays. However, sometimes organic matter is buried before it decays completely. In this way some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks, hence the name fossil fuel. Although the amount of organic matter trapped in any one growing season is small, the accumulated remains from millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulation rate is so slow, millions of times slower than the rate at which we now dig up this organic matter and
托福听力五大解题技巧 1、主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨!在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项; 2、功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。 3、细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力(connecting information)。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则：第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥;第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。 4、态度/ 推断 对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测;而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。
新托福强化听力讲义 新托福考试听力部分介绍 1. 新托福和旧托福的对比 考试形式预读题目笔记题型 PBT旧托福Paper Yes No 1/4 choice multiple IBT新托福Internet No Yes New types 2. 题量，时间，分数 文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION 2-3 5 / conversation 2-3 min / conversation LECTURE 4-6 6 / lecture 4-6 min / lecture min TOTAL 6-9（加试）34 60-90 SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准 3. 题目的考查形式 考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本 电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书 新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题 答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限 答题流程：永不悔改 4. 文章材料的考查形式 文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查 文章长度：比旧托福长 文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活 文章类型：对话，独白，讨论 CONVERSATION文章思路 LECTURE文章思路
5. 新托福考试题型概述 IBT listening comprehension Basic comprehension Gist question Detail question Pragmatic understanding Purpose question Attitude question Connecting information Organization question Inference question 题号问题题型1 Why does the student go to see the professor? Gist question 2 According to the professor, what information should the student include in her statement of purpose? Detail Question 3 What does the professor consider unusual about the student’s background? Detail Question 4 Why does the professor tell a story about his friend who went ot medical school? Detail Question 5 What does the professor imply about the people who admit students to graduate school? Inference question 6 What are the students mainly discussing? Gist question 7 Listen again and then answer the question: Why does the woman say this? Purpose question 8 According to the conversation, why are transposes sometimes called “jumping genes”? Detail Question 9 According to the conversation, what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes? Detail Question 10 What can be inferred about the resistance genes discussed in the conversation? Inference question 11 What is the talk mainly about? Gist question 12 What is the professor’s point of view concerning the method of “safe yield”? Detail Question 13 According to the professor, what are two problems associated with removing wter from an underground system? Detail Question 14 Listen again and then answer the question: Why does the professor say this? Purpose question
part 1. 天文类 1 astronomy 天文 astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石
老托福听力93篇(33-34)-Today I want to talk about 33 Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age. But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined "climate" as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the Earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land, water, and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the Earth's surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time. 【生词摘录】 1. climatic: adj. connected with the weather in a particular area 气候的 2. ice age: one of the long periods of time, thousands of years ago, when ice covered many northern countries 冰川期，冰河时代 3. consistent: adj. always having the same beliefs, behavior, attitudes, quality etc(信仰、行为、态度、品质等)一贯的，一致的;始终如一的 4. disturb: v. to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing by asking a question, making a noise etc 干扰，打扰;使中断 5. radiate: v. if something radiates light or heat, or if light or heat radiates from something, it is sent out in all directions 辐射(光或热);(向四面八方)发射 6. crude: adj. not developed to a high standard or made with great skill 粗制的 7. approximation: n. [C]a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct 概算，近似值 8. hypothesis: n. [C]plural hypotheses, an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving and idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说 9. speculate: v. to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details 猜测，推测 10. disperse: v. if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads over a wide area(使)消散;(使)分散 11. cooling: n.[U]the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature 冷却 34 I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started. But there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry adequate water. You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per person per day this time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply all your water needs. And please, do not use soap in the springs. It's your responsibility to protect the park's natural features. For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry creekbeds. We may get some heavy rainfall, and those creekbeds could quickly
托福听力笔记技巧 托福听力考试中尤其是Lecture部分是需要大家快速记录信息的，因为Lecture部分听力一般长达5-6分钟，单凭临时记忆很难记录下来所有的重点内容，下面就和大家分享托福听力笔记技巧如何快速记下有用信息，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力笔记技巧如何快速记下有用信息 一.为什么托福听力需要记笔记 1. 听力材料长度增加，每类*的长度都在600字以上 2. 总题目数量减少，老托福听力题目为50道，新托福为34道 3. 听力题型简化为两大类：长对话(2个)，课堂讲座(4个) 4. 出现三种新的考试题目类型：表格题、重复题、多选题 5. 听完之后才可以看题目 6. 考生可以做笔记 通过对新托福听力特点的分析，我们不难看出记笔记是听力高分突破的关键。
二.如何快速记下关键信息 1.抓核心 IBT听力正式开始之前会有一个简短的内容介绍，之后屏幕上会出现一些和听力内容相关的，这些可以帮助我们确定下面所要听部分的核心话题。例如，listen to a conversation between a professor and student in a professor and student. 从这个介绍我们可以知道下面对话内容的场景：biology class，结下来会出现一个图片，里面文字为：Friends of the Earth, Biology class。后面还会出现一个对话内容的图片。通过这些文字和图片，我们可以推断这个对话的主题为与人类地球有关的一个结构，这样机构主要会负责环保事宜。确定主题可以让考生悬着的新慢慢落地。后面的长对话给出的文字和图片提示与对话类似。 2.核心相关细节 确定核心话题之后，我们需要做的就是记录与其相关的细节，主要的细节为what , when, where , who , why和how等。注意记录对话和演讲中信息引导词和信息引导句后面的信息，例如，First ……, lets look at the ……, Now, Lets move on to ……, in the nest part of lecture ,I d like to talk about …… 3.笔记记录方法
托福听力必备词组 1，give out——分给人们，分发 －The dormitory laundry service gives out clean sheets each week，doesn’t it? 2，give credibility to——相信 －did you hear about jam（拥挤，堵塞） Jim——你听说有关Jim的事了吗 I wouldn’t give that rumor any credibility 3，give sb a ride——让某人搭车 －Can I give you a ride over there? 4，give up——放弃，投降，屈服 －You are not going to give it up， are you? －I think I am going to give up playing table tennis I lost again today Just because you lost， is there any reason to quit 5，give someone a break——行行好吧，用于口语（与人方便） －Give me a break； I am nervous enough as it is? 行行好吧，我已经够紧张的了 6，go ahead——开始做某事 －Do go ahead before with your dessert? 吃点甜点吧 7，go around——足够分配 －Are there enough assignment sheets to go around? 8，go in for——从事，致力于；参加，追求 －What he wants to do is get someone to go in for him just pass back the mid－term exams 他希望有人可以帮助他通过期中考试 9，go off——开始响起来 －She never wakes up before her alarm goes off 10，go out of one’s way——格外努力，比往常多做 －I was touched that our neighbor brought over a dish when we moved in Yes， Miss Smith really goes out of her way for others 11，go over——仔细检查，仔细考虑，仔细看 －Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me? How does tomorrow sound——再读一遍，研究 －How about seeing the new movie at the North Park Theater tonight Sounds great，but I got to go over my notes for tomorrow’s mid －term 12，go through the proper channels——通过适当的途径，方式
（二）对话地点题head for 去哪 At/ on/ in/ to+someplace 高频地点：restaurant,hotel,airport（如果地点题中有其一词出现则必选） （三）人物、职业关系题 (1)人物职业题。 高频职业：secretary秘书，receptionist前台服务员，waitress女服务生，airline hostess空姐，tour guide导游 (2)人物关系 高频关系：医患关系，老板职员（职员staff），亲属关系（多考双胞胎，母子），服务女与顾客（waitress-customer，passenger-airline hostess,tourist-tour guide) （四）动作题以动词（do,to do,doing）开头 (1)情态动作类情态词+动（could,must,have to,had better,would） (2)时间动作类（now,right now）现在进行时，在强调某一个动作（考点！） (3)建议动作类（why not...,how about doing...,what about doing,if i were you...,why do...<意为该动作do的否定意义>） （五）细节题，抓首末的细节 （六）意义解释题：重读出考点！ 三、高频六大场景 （一）library场景 1.申请场景apply v. Application (申请n.) form 申请, application letter/ the letter of application 申请信，cancel 取消，reapply再申请 2.查询check out：you can check those by index(索引). 【thumb拇指，index finger食指，middle finger中指，ring finger无名指，little finger小指】 3.借阅：book，magazine，issue期刊、案件（重大而难以解决的问题）back issue过期刊物，current issue现刊，journal(ist)专业期刊（记者），peri'odical（半）月刊，cas'sette=tape item
托福听力词汇完整版
lecture 讲座 seminar 高级研讨性课 colloquium n.报告课 tutorial 个人辅导课程 workshop 专题课程 级别 Introductory 入门级 elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级 Prerequisite 先修课程 上课： Attend class 上课 Miss class 缺课 Skip class逃课 Syllabus 教学大纲 Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤 Grading system 打分体系 Class participation 课堂参与 杂 semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要 major 主修 minor 副修 exemption 免修 syllabus 教学大纲 Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程） Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）, openings （可供注册的名额） Take选（课）, drop 退（课） Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销 教师称号 professor 教授 lecturer = instructor 讲师 teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长 teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问 physicist 物理学家 mathematician 数学家 chemist 化学家 historian 历史学家 statistician 统计学家 作业： assignment 作业 homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业 lab report 实验报告 book report 读书报告 project 作业 presentation 发言 term paper 学期论文（research paper） thesis/essay/dissertation 论文 journal 学术期刊 social investigation 社会调查 survey 调查 questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察 interview vt.n.采访 collect data 收集数据 broad (论文等)内容宽泛 narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维 lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限 extension 延期 due date/time期限 outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考 plagiarism n. 抄袭 revise v. 修改 rewrite v. 重写 final draft 完成稿 speech n.演讲 presentation 演讲，陈述 eye contact 目光接触 intonation 音调