宾语从句
一．定义：在复合句中，用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
二．宾语从句的三要素：（三大考点）：一看（语序）；二看（引导词）；三看（时态）。
1. 语序：宾语从句用陈述语序。即：引导词+主语+谓语
2. 引导词：（3类）
（1）由that引导的宾从：当宾语从句是陈述句时，由that引导，that无意义，可以省略。
eg: I think that we should help others in need.
I believe that our dream will come true if we try our best.
( 2)由if/whether引导的宾从：当宾语从句是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if/whether引导, if/whether 意为“是否”，一般情况下可以互换，但以下几种情况只用whether：
A.whether or not eg: I don’t know whether he will come or not?
B.whether to do eg: He doesn’t know whether to go or not.
C.介词后常用whether eg: It depends on whether I have enough time
(3)由W/H 特殊疑问词引导的宾从：要做到“问什么，答什么”。
6W1H：what when where who why which
1.时态：
(1)主句若为一般现在时，从句时态可随意。eg: I’m sorry that you were ill last week.
(2)主句若为一般过去时，从句时态多过去。eg: She didn’t know that Tom has gone to Shanghai.
(3)若从句为客观真理，自然现象，名言等，从句一律用一般现在时。
eg: The teacher told us that the light travels faster than the sound.
My mother told me that the moon goes around the earth.
2.做宾语从句选择题的技巧：
1.看从句的语序即：（引导词+主语+谓语）
2.看引导词是否在从句的第一位
3.看从句的时态，即动词的变化形式
4.看引导词后有无be 动词，情态动词和助动词。记住：引导词后无be (am/is/ are/was/were), 无情（can/could/may/might/should/must）, 无助（do/does/did/will/have/has）。
例题：
1）I hope ________ it will snow this winter.
A.when
B.if
C.whether
D./
答案：hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。
2)—I don’t know ________ Mr.Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A.why
B.when
C.how
D.where
答案：从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。
3)I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.
A.whether
B.why
C.what
D.how
答案：本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。
4)—Do you know ________？I’m going to see him.
—Sorry，I don’t know.
A.where does Mr.Li live
B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives
D.where Mr.Li lived
答案：宾语从句要用陈述语气，引导词后无be无情无助，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。
5)I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.
A.that
B.whether
C.why
D.where
答案：句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。
6)—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?
—Sorry，I have no idea.
A.how much did she pay for
B.how much will she pay for
C.how much she paid for
D.how much she will pay for
答案：宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。
感叹句：
一．定义：表示赞美，惊叹喜悦等感情的句子。
二．感叹句的形式：由What或How 引导
1.What 引导的感叹句
（1）What +a/an +adj.+可n. 单数+（主语+谓语+其它）！eg: What an interesting story (it is) !（1）What+ adj. +可n.(pl.)/ 不可数n.+(主语+谓语+其它）！eg: What interesting stories (they are) !
What fine weather (it is) !
2. How 引导的感叹句:
（1）How +adj./adv.+主语+谓语！eg: How useful the book is ! / How fast he runs!
(2) How +adj.+a/an +可n. 单数+（主语+谓语+其它）！eg: How useful a book it is!
(3) How+主语+谓语！eg: How time flies!
注意：感叹句中无How a/ How an 的说法。
三．做感叹句的技巧：（一找二断三辩四确定）
一找（找主语和谓语）注意：感叹句的主语和谓语都位于感叹句的最后或被省略，所以做题时要从后往前看。
二断：（在主谓前一刀断开）
三辨：（辨析断开前词的词性）注意：名词或名词短语用What; How与形、副紧相连。
四确定：确定答案
例题：根据句意选出恰当的一项填空。
1. ______ (What / What a) delicious chicken we are having!
2. ______ (What / How) warm it is in the classroom!
3. ______ (What / What a) nice shirt you bought!
4. _____ (What / How) fast the young man is walking!
选择题
( ) 6. _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to us.
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. How a
( ) 7. —____ excellent work you have done!
—It’s very kind of you to say so.
A.What an
B. How
C. What
D. What a
( ) 8. —____ interesting the storybook is!
—Yes. I have read it twice.
A. What
B. What an
C. How
D. How an
( ) 9. ___________ useful robot! It can help with the housework like a human servant.
A. How
B. What an
C. How a
D. What a